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diff --git a/source/about.markdown b/source/about.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ad5c5f --- /dev/null +++ b/source/about.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +% About this Manual: Introduction +% +% + +The XO laptop is an educational tool designed to be put into the hands +of every child. By using free and open source software and world-wide +software development efforts, OLPC has championed XOs for delivery +around the world in multiple languages. + +The XO runs free and open software, Sugar, which allows anyone to run, +copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. Many people +contributing to OLPC believe that these freedoms are critical to +fulfilling OLPC's educational goals. + +When you open the XO, you will see the high-resolution, easy-to-read +screen that works even in direct sunlight. You can also flip the XO into +a book reader mode. The XO is designed to take outdoors and it even +survives the rough-and-tumble daily lives that children lead. + +We hope you learn more about the XO laptop by reading these pages, so +that you can learn more with the XO laptop. + +:author: + +> © Anne Gentle 2008 +> +> adam hyde 2008 +> +> A Holt 2008 +> +> Rob Mason 2008 +> +> Sandy Culver 2008 +> +> Tom Boyle 2008 diff --git a/source/about_olpc.markdown b/source/about_olpc.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..83fa0cc --- /dev/null +++ b/source/about_olpc.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +% About OLPC: About One Laptop per Child +% +% + +One Laptop per Child (OLPC) is a project started by Nicholas Negroponte +at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with a core of MIT +Media Lab personnel. The organization has grown to include passionate +people creating software and hardware and sustainable community +involvement to fulfill the educational mission of OLPC. + +The mission for OLPC is simple yet compelling: To create educational +opportunities for the world's poorest children by providing each child +with a rugged, low-cost, low-power, connected laptop with content and +software designed for collaborative, joyful, and self-empowered +learning. + +You can learn more about OLPC at [http://laptop.org](http://laptop.org) +and [http://wiki.laptop.org](http://wiki.laptop.org) -- everyone is +welcome to participate. + + +:author: + +> © Anne Gentle 2008 +> +> adam hyde 2008 +> +> A Holt 2008 +> +> Rob Mason 2008 +> +> Sandy Culver 2008 +> +> Tom Boyle 2008 diff --git a/source/about_sugar.markdown b/source/about_sugar.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b8ba5a --- /dev/null +++ b/source/about_sugar.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +% About Sugar +% +% + +What is Sugar? +============== + +*"We like to think that a child's play is unconstrained—but when +children appear to feel joyous and free, this may merely hide from their +minds their purposefulness; you can see this more clearly when you +attempt to drag them away from their chosen tasks. For they are +exploring their worlds to see what's there, making explanations of what +those things are, and imagining what else could be; exploring, +explaining and learning are among a child's most purposeful urges and +goals. The playfulness of childhood is the most demanding teacher we +have. Never again in those children's lives will anything drive them to +work so hard." —Marvin Minsky, The Emotion Machine* + +Sugar is a learning platform that reinvents how computers are used for +education. Collaboration, reflection, and discovery are integrated +directly into the user interface. Sugar promotes "studio thinking [^1]" +and "reflective practice [^2]". Through Sugar's clarity of design, +children and teachers have the opportunity to use computers on their own +terms. Students can reshape, reinvent, and reapply both software and +content into powerful learning activities. Sugar's focus on sharing, +criticism, and exploration is grounded in the culture of free and +open-source software (FOSS). + + Sugar facilitates +sharing and collaboration. Children can write documents, share books and +pictures, or make music together with ease. + + There +are no files, folders, or applications. Children interact with +Activities. Activities includes an application, data, and history of the +interaction that can be used to resume and reflect on the child's work. + + Everything is saved +automatically. It is our goal that you will never lose your work. +Documents will eventually be synced with a network server, adding +additional protection. + + A Journal is used +for accessing data. The Journal is a diary of things that you make and +actions you take. It is a place to reflect upon your work. + + Sugar is free and +open-source software. Sugar is licensed under the GNU GPL; updates will +always respect the freedom of its users. + +Note to parents and teachers The Sugar Philosophy +================================================= + +Information is about nouns. Learning is about verbs. The Sugar user +interface differs from traditional user interfaces in that it is based +on both cognitive and social constructivism. We believe that learners +should engage in exploration and collaboration. The Sugar platform is +based on three defining human principles. These are the pillars of user +experience for learning: + +- Everyone is a teacher and a learner. +- Humans are social beings. +- Humans are expressive. + +Two principles define the Sugar platform: + +- You learn through doing, so if you want to learn more, you want to + do more. +- Love is a better master than duty—you want people to engage in + things that are authentic to them, things that they love. Internal + motivation almost always trumps external motivations. + +Three experiences characterize the Sugar platform: + +- Sharing: The Sugar interface always shows the presence of other + learners. Collaboration is a first-order experience. Students and + teachers dialog with each other, support each other, critique each + other, and share ideas. +- Reflecting: Sugar uses a "Journal" to record each learner's + activity. The Journal serves as a place for reflection and + assessment of progress. +- Discovering: Sugar can accommodate a wide variety of users, with + different levels of skill in terms of reading, language, and + different levels of experience with computing. It is easy to + approach, yet it doesn't put an upper bound on personal expression. + One can peel away layers and go deeper and deeper, with no + restrictions. + +Sugar is written in Python, an easy-to-learn interpreted language [^3]. +This allows the direct appropriation of ideas in whatever realm the +learner is exploring; music, browsing, reading, writing, programming, or +graphics. The student can go further. They are not going to hit a wall. +They can, at every level, engage with and affect the very tools they are +using for their personal expression. + +Throughout this manual we have added brief "Note to parents and +teachers" sections which explains the philosophy behind the Sugar +platform. We hope these sections help you guide your children and +students through the learning process. + +Sugar Labs +========== + +Sugar was designed for One Laptop per Child (OLPC), as part of an effort +to provide an opportunity for a quality education to every children +through the distribution of connected laptop computers, our most +powerful tools for expression. Sugar is the user interface used on the +OLPC XO laptop. + +Sugar Labs is a non-profit foundation whose mission is to produce, +distribute, and support the use of the Sugar learning platform. Sugar +Labs supports the community of educators and software developers who +want to extend the platform and who have been creating Sugar Activities. +Sugar is a community project. It is available under the open-source GNU +General Public License (GPL) and free to anyone who wants to use or +extend it. + +:author: + +> © Walter Bender 2006, 2008 +> +> adam hyde 2006, 2007, 2008 +> +> David Farning 2008 +> +> Emily Kaplan 2008 +> +> Janet Swisher 2008 +> +> Luke Faraone 2008 +> +> Rita Freudenberg 2008 +> +> Rob Mason 2008 + +[^1]: Studio thinking is a term used to describe how visual arts + teachers teach and what visual arts students learn. The term is + detailed in Studio Thinking: The Real Benefits of Visual Arts + Education. Studio thinking includes "studio structures": + demonstrations, projects, and critiques; as well as "studio habits + of mind": develop craft, engage and persist, envision, express, + observe, reflect, stretch and explore, and understand.the art world. + In the context of Sugar, studio thinking is applied not just to the + arts, but to all disciplines. + +[^2]: Reflective practice is a concept introduced by Donald Schön in his + book The Reflective Practitioner. Reflective practice involves + students applying their own experiences to practice while being + mentored by domain experts. In the context of Sugar, the expert + could be a teacher, a parent, a community member, or a fellow + student. + +[^3]: An interpreted language is a programming language whose + instructions are interpreted "on the fly" (or compiled to a virtual + machine code) as opposed to precompiled. The significant of + interpreted languages to the Sugar platform include: platform + independence, ease of debugging, ready access to source code, and + small program size. Python is a general-purpose, high-level + programming language. It emphasizes code readability and features a + minimalist syntax and comprehensive standard library. diff --git a/source/battery.markdown b/source/battery.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3fea0a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/battery.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +% Charging the Battery +% +% + +Using battery power +=================== + +The XO needs its battery or to be plugged into a wall directly. The +laptop will run from either source of power. When you get your battery +it should come with some amount of charge. Use the following +instructions to install your battery and charge your laptop. + + +This is the XO battery. The battery goes on the back of your XO. +Installing the battery + +- Line up the four tabs on the new battery with the long edge furthest + from the catches. +- Drop the battery into place. + + +- Slide the left-hand side catch to the left, and press the battery gently into place. + : Slide the right-hand side catch to the left, to lock the battery + in place. + + +Charging the battery +==================== + +- Ensure that the battery is in the back of the XO's case. +- Plug the power cord into your XO. +- Plug the other end of the power cord into the nearest power source, + such as the one connected to the school's generator or a 12 Volt car + battery. + +Plugging in your XO +=================== + +You can use your XO while it is plugged in, when you are charging the +battery or when you have a good source for power. For power sources, you +can use the generator supplied by your school, the electrical grid, or +another source of electricity. When to charge the battery + +The battery icon in the Frame fills with color, showing you the current +charge, or amount of power in the battery. Move the pointer over the +battery icon to see how full the battery is. While the battery charges, +the battery light near the power button (shaped like a battery) should +display yellow, turning to green when the battery is fully charged. A +red light tells you that the battery is running very low and you should +charge it soon. + +Troubleshooting +=============== + +If your battery charge gets extremely low during shipping, your XO may +not start up. Plugging in external power may not charge the battery. + +The solution is to remove the battery, power up the laptop on external +power and then insert the battery. Then it will charge and the charging +light will be on. + +If you're the tinkering type, several more advanced battery +troubleshooting tips are at: +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/XO\_Troubleshooting\_Battery](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/XO_Troubleshooting_Battery). + +Locating a battery for replacement +================================== + +Refer to +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Directory\_of\_repair\_centers](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Directory_of_repair_centers) +to get to the most recent directory of repair centers, and ask for a +replacement battery for your XO. + +:author: + +> © Anne Gentle 2008 +> +> adam hyde 2008 +> +> Charles McCarthy 2008 +> +> A Holt 2008 +> +> Janet Swisher 2008 +> +> Sandy Culver 2008 +> +> Seth Woodworth 2008 +> +> Tom Boyle 2008 diff --git a/source/browse.markdown b/source/browse.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a32a22c --- /dev/null +++ b/source/browse.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +% Browse +% +% + +About +===== + +The Browse activity is your means to explore a wider source of +information and content that can be found in what's called the World +Wide Web (Internet or Web for short). Although there are some built-in +information included on this activity (OLPC Library), to make the most +of this activity you need an internet connection. Please see the chapter +on "Neighborhood View and Connecting to the Internet". + +The first thing that you will see when you first click on the Browse +icon from the Home View is what's called the Home page. + +Using Browse +============ + +**Toolbar** + +(Note: To see the name of the tool/button, you can put your mouse arrow +on top of its picture) + +**Activity** + +**Browse Description Bar** - This will serve as the **Browse** activity +description in the Journal. Change this to something distinctive +especially when you have multiple window tabs opened that's related to +one particular topic. + +**Privacy Tool** - Use this to change the privacy setting of the current +Browse activity. The default is set to Private. + +**Text Finder and Edit Tool** + +**Undo** - The Browse activity remembers the last change that you've +made on the page. Use this button to step back to the last change that +you made. + +**Redo** - Use this button to go back to the current changes that you +made after doing an "Undo". + +**Copy** - This is used to copy a text or passage from the current page +you are viewing. To do this, you need to first highlight(left-click +while dragging your mouse arrow)the text. You know you've highlighted a +text when its background color turned grey. Then, press this tool to +copy it to the clipboard. A small image on the left hand side of the +frame will appear. This "holds" the text you just copied. You can now +"paste" this text or just simply click and drag it to other activities. +The copied text will disappear once the XO is restarted or shutdown. + +**Paste** - This tool is for pasting texts from other activities into +the current page that you are viewing. You can only paste texts on areas +of the page where pasting is allowed. It will remember this text until +the XO is restarted or shutdown. + +**Text Search Bar** -This tool is great to use when you need to quickly +find a text on a current page you're viewing. Press the enter key to go +down the page. The text that you are looking for would be highlighted in +green. Press the little "x" symbol on the right of the bar to erase the +text. + +**Text Search Navigation Arrows** - While you can press the Enter key to +search down the page, these arrows are useful to search the page. Use +the left arrow to go back up the page and the right arrow to go down the +page. + +**View Tool** + +**Zoom Out** - When you want to see more of the page, use this tool to +make it smaller. + +**Zoom In** - When you want to see things better, use this tool to make +the page bigger. + +**Full Screen** - You can press this to see the entire page without the +toolbar. + +**Tray Toggle button** - This tool only works when you have things on +the tray (the space on the bottom of the Browse page) like pages that +you have bookmarked (Please see bookmark description). Use this tool to +make the tray visible or invisible. Browse remembers your bookmarked +pages even when the tray is not visible. Just simply make it visible +again to see those bookmarks. + +**Home Icon** + +Clicking this takes you back to the Home Page. Useful when you're lost +and need a starting point. + +**Address Bar** + +Each page on the internet has its own address. The address bar shows you +the current web address of the page you are viewing. If you know the web +address of a page, you can type it on this bar and press the enter key +to navigate to that page. + +**Bookmark** + +Sometimes it is useful to remember the pages that you visited. Clicking +this icon will save the web address of the current page you are viewing. +A small thumbnail image of this page will appear on the bottom(tray). +Bookmarks are saved only on the current Browse activity. They will not +show up when you open a new Browse activity. + +**Stop Activity Tool** Closes the current Browse activity. This will +open up a Journal page that prompts you to name the activity and add +descriptions. + +**OLPC Library** + +The Browse activity has built in books, information and pages that you +can access even without a connection to the internet. Click on any of +the texts to see what you can find. Have fun exploring! + +Copying Images From The Web + +To copy an image, point your mouse arrow on the picture and right-click +on it (press the button on the bottom of your track pad that has a +circle on it). A box similar to the picture shown above will appear with +information on the source or web address of the picture along with the +file name of the picture. There are two ways to copy an image: + +**Keep Image** - this will put a copy of the image to the Journal. + +**Copy Image** - this will place a copy of the image to the clipboard, +which you can then drag and drop to another activity. This copy is +temporary and will disappear from the clipboard when you shutdown the +XO. So if you need to save the image, it is best to do a "Keep Image" +instead. + +Learning with Browse +==================== + +Browse gives access to the internet which is a powerful information and +communication tool and allows students to participate in the global +community and experience. There are so many things on the web that you +can use and incorporate in your classroom, but one of the many great +ways to start is to help students make sense of where they are in +relation to this global context. How far are they from the earthquake's +epicenter that rocked Japan? Where is their country's capital? How big +is their country compared to others? Where are the historical places in +their country and the world that shaped human history and culture? One +of the many great tools on the web that can be readily and freely +accessed is Google maps (type this on the address bar): +[http://maps.google.com](http://maps.google.com)/ + +If you live in an area that is adequately mapped by Google Maps, you can +ask students to use the "Get directions" tool on the page to see how +they can go from one place to another. The directions tool can also +teach students a sense of distance by showing how far two places are +from each other. Example, how far do they travel every day for school +(Given that sense of distance, how far and how long will it take to get +to the nearest city or town)? + +Extending Browse +================ + +There's a built in Google search bar on the home page of Browse that you +can direct students to aid in their research. Help them narrow or expand +their search texts to come up with better search results. + +To allow students to be active participants in the global community, +communication tools can be freely and readily accessed via Browse: from +creating free e-mail accounts to tools that allow people to create their +own internet sites and pages. + +But like with any type of exploration, you have to start with caution. +Not all information on the internet is good. Start with educating kids +to safely use and explore the internet. You can check out sites like: +[http://www.wiredkids.org/kids/index.html](http://www.wiredkids.org/kids/index.html) +for more information. + +Where to report problems +======================== + +In [http://bugs.sugarlabs.org](http://bugs.sugarlabs.org), component +Browse. + +Credits +======= + +Browse was developed and maintained by: Lucian, Sascha Silbe, erikos, +manuq + +Browse can be downloaded from the [Sugar Labs Activities +repository](http://activities.sugarlabs.org/). diff --git a/source/calculate.markdown b/source/calculate.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4ab494 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/calculate.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +% Calculate +% +% + +About +===== + +Using Calculate +=============== + +For those who have used a scientific calculator, most of the functions +of Calculate will be quite familiar. + +The Toolbars are + +- Activity, Calculate icon: Name session, collaborate + +- Edit, scissors icon: Copy, Paste + +- Functions, {x}: Square, square root, reciprocal, exponential, power, + logarithm, factorial + +- Trigonometry, triangle icon: sin, cos, tan, sin-1, cos-1, tan-1, + sinh, cosh, tanh + +- Boolean, Venn diagram icon: and, or, =, != + +- Constants, Greek letters icon: pi, e, gamma, phi + +- Plot: Hover menu offers Help + +- Degrees/Radian angle measure + +- Scientific/Engineering notation + +- Number of digits to show: 6, 9, 12, 15 + +- Base: Decimal, binary, octal, hex + +- Exit + +Getting help +============ + +To see a help option for plot enters the command + +`help(plot)` + +on the text entry line. + +The general help function is + +`help()` + +The list of help topics is available with the command + +`help(index)` + +including topics not supported on the menus. Help is not provided for +the constants pi, e, gamma (Euler-Mascheroni Constant, and phi (Golden +Ratio), but these can be looked up on the Internet. Clicking their icons +inserts their numeric values. diff --git a/source/chat.markdown b/source/chat.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5dad6c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/chat.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,272 @@ +% Chat +% +% + +About +===== + +The Chat Activity is used to exchange messages with your friends or +classmates. You can chat about a topic you are studying or you can share +something private that happened in your life. You need at least two +active XOs to chat - your own and the one that your friend uses. + +Using Chat +========== + +Starting Chat +------------- + +Chat creats text conversation with others XO users. Chat is a shared +activity, with one or many other "Friends" in your "Neighborhood", or +those connected to your olpc mesh network. + +The Chat Activity icon is a speech bubble. To add the Chat Activity to +your home view, click the star on the left side of the icon. Now click +on the Chat icon to start. + +Sharing Chat +------------ + +You can either share Chat publicly or keep it private and invite +specific people to join. + +In the Chat toolbar, there is a circle icon with a dot. Click on this +icon and select the neighborhood or public sharing. + +When you have selected the Neighborhood View, find a friend to invite +and hold the pointer on their icon until the "Invite to" popup appears. +Now a Chat icon appears in the menu and the friend gets an invitation to +Chat in their frame. Your Chat icon also appears in their Neighborhood +view. + +You can invite as many other XOs to your Chat as you like, creating a +private group discussion. Anyone else who joins can invite others. + +Join a Chat +=========== + +You can join a Sugar Chat that has already been started. + +Two or more XO computers from One Laptop Per Child can speak to each +other directly without an Internet connection. This is a direct +connection. You can also chat with people on the Internet who use Sugar. +This section describes joining a chat between two or more XO computers +from One Laptop Per Child. + +First, look at the Neighborhood View to see if there is an existing Chat +you want to join. + +**CHAT SAFELY**: Only chat with someone you know. If a someone invites +you to chat, don't chat with them unless you know them. + +If you see a XO icon with a little speech bubble icon next to it, that +person is in a shared Chat. Several people may be around the Chat icon, +showing a group Chat. + +Click the little speech icon, and select the Join option. + +Then the Chat Activity starts, connected to the shared Chat. You see the +other people in the Chat, on the Frame. + +Chatting +-------- + +Once you are in the Chat Activity, you can begin typing to send a +message and chat with the other person. After you type a message you can +press the enter key to send it. + +To enter messages type them in the box at the bottom of the Chat +Activity. Always press enter at the end of the message. Once you press +enter your message appears on your friend's computer. + +Accept an invitation to chat +---------------------------- + +You may be invited to chat. An invitation appears as a little speech +icon in the upper-left of the screen in every view. (The invitation also +appears on the Frame.) The colors of the icon match the colors of the +friend who sent the invitation. + +You accept the invitation by hovering over the icon and selecting Join. +You decline the invitation by selecting Decline. + +Things to Do with Chat +====================== + +Chat is a great for sending messages back and forth with a friend, +socializing, and working together on projects. + +Remember that being polite on a computer is just as important as being +polite when you're speaking with someone. + +- Be polite. Try not to interrupt. +- Read through what people are saying before you say something. +- Don't type in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS. This style is considered rude as + it is like shouting at someone. +- If you do not speak the same language as another person it may be + difficult to communicate with Chat. Be patient. If you have an + Internet connection, you can try going to www.google.com/translate + and type in a phrase that you want to say in another language so you + can be friendly online. + +**Fun** + +- It can be fun to make words shorter when typing in a Chat Activity + because it is faster, like texting (sending messages) on a mobile + phone. For example instead of typing in "how are you?", you can type + in "how r u?" + +> The following are some ways you might like to try using Chat: + +- Arrange a time to meet friends to play. +- Organize a community gathering. +- Bring friends together to talk about doing a group project. +- Brainstorm ideas (either "fast and furious" or by taking turns). +- Ask your teacher questions about your homework. +- Use Chat and write a story with friends online using the Write + Activity. +- Use Chat to practice writing in a foreign language (see if you can + find a native speaker to chat with). +- Organize other Sugar or XO users to meet and learn from each other. +- Use Chat to communicate with a grandparent or other family member. +- Interview an expert using the Chat Activity as if they were in the + classroom, especially an expert who wouldn’t otherwise be able to + visit. +- Take group discussion notes. +- Play a word-association game such as typing the first word that + comes to mind when your friend types red. +- Play a role-playing game (for example, have a friend pretend to be a + character from a book you are reading, and chat with the + role-playing friend). + +Use emoticons in Chat +--------------------- + +There are ways to tell friends how you feel just by using letters - they +can let someone know if you are happy, sad, or having fun. When you make +letters look like a face, they are called emoticons. + +Some are written so that you read them sideways. + +This is a happy face: + +:) + +This is a sad face: + +:( + +This is a wink: + +;) + +See if you can find the keys on the keyboard to make the faces + +The two dots are the colon key : and the semicolon key ; + +The mouth are the parentheses keys () + +You can also make faces that go across: + +Happy + +(\^\_\^) + +Sad + +(\<\_\>) + +Winking (\^\_\~) + +What other emoticons can you create with text in the Chat Activity? + +Can you draw pictures using only the text symbols on your keyboard? This +combination of a symbol and a number looks like a sideways heart \<3. "I +\<3 my XO" means, "I love my XO." + +Make Friends +------------ + +When you are in the Neighborhood View, if you move the pointer over +someone, you can see their name, and click Make Friends. When you Make +Friends, your new friend appears in your Group View list. + +The Group View list helps you keep a list of your friends online who you +like chatting with. + +Read a past log of conversations +-------------------------------- + +If you open the Journal Activity to open the Chat in the detail view, +you can choose to open the Chat Activity with the Write Activity instead +of the Chat Activity window. + +Notes for parents and teachers +------------------------------ + +Chat presents a great opportunity engage children in reading and +writing. The natural inclination for children to socialize and express +themselves can be channeled in some of the exercises outlined above. +(Some children who are by their nature shy and reserved, are more +confident speaking up in a chat room.) Chat can be motivating and is an +authentic use of language skills, however, preparation and supervision +are recommended. + +Prepare your children and students: + +- Remind them never to chat with someone they don't know. +- Remind them to be courteous and never to use language they wouldn't + be comfortable with in their oral communication (for example, it's + OK to disagree, but not to be disagreeable). + +Prepare your chat session: + +- Some teachers prepare questions in advance. They can paste these + questions into the Chat session from the Clipboard or Write + Activity—this helps them stay on task and keeps the pace of the + session lively. + +- Limit the number of students participating in the Chat session; more + that 10–12 participants makes a session chaotic. +- Ask your students to prepare by posing questions in advance. +- As in any classroom discussion, keep the conversation focused on + just one or two topics. +- IT IS SOMETIME USEFUL TO USE ALL-CAPS TO GET EVERYONE'S ATTENTION. + +Advanced features +================= + +Computers not running Sugar can initiate chat connections to a Sugar +user by running a Jabber (XMPP) client, either with both computers +registered on the same Jabber server or by running a link local XMPP +account such as Empathy with salut or Pidgin with Bonjour. + +Here's an example of a buddy list on another non-Sugar computer. + +When you initiating the chat on a non-Sugar computer using a Jabber +client, an invitation appears on the Sugar computer and the Sugar user +can chat with you as usual except that the colors of the non-Sugar +participant's response lines are gray as shown below. + +Here's what the non-Sugar computer sees on their Jabber client. + +And here's the response as seen on the Sugar computer. + +CHAT SAFELY: Remember, only chat with someone you know. If someone +invites you to chat, don't chat with them unless you know them. It's +perfectly okay to refuse a chat request. + +Note to parents and teachers +---------------------------- + +You can use this feature to chat with Sugar-enabled computers from +non-Sugar-enabled computers; hence you can chat with your child or class +from a conventional desktop or laptop computer. + +:author: + +> © Walter Bender 2008 +> +> Anne Gentle 2008 +> +> Sandra Thaxter 2012 diff --git a/source/collaborating.markdown b/source/collaborating.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..080d9e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/collaborating.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +% Collaborating +% +% + +About Collaborating +=================== + +Talk, share and work together with your friends and peers using +collaboration. + +One of the most important features of Sugar is the ability for you to +collaborate (chat!) and share a project that you are working on with +others. This can take the form of multiple cursors in a document, +multiple musical instruments, two players in a game, multiple uses in +chat (as above), and so on. + +If you want to share with one of your friends, inside the Activity that +you want share, click on the "Home" icon that says "Private" then click +on the "Neighborhood" icon, like below. + +This will make it available to all other persons connected to your same +Ad-hock network. An icon of the Activity you are sharing will appear in +the Neighborhood view inviting others to join. To join, all they will +need to do is hover over the icon of the Activity you are sharing and +click join. (This is also how you join the work of others when they +share with you). + +Where to get Collaborating +========================== + +Collaborating is a built-in function in the following Activities +provided in the current Sugar distribution: + +- Browse +- Calculate +- Chat +- Distance +- Etoys +- Image Viewer (not marked Favorite) +- Implode +- Maze +- Memorize +- Pippy +- Read +- Record +- Speak +- TamTamMini +- TamTamJam +- Turtle Art +- Write diff --git a/source/exiting_activities.markdown b/source/exiting_activities.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..47b27bb --- /dev/null +++ b/source/exiting_activities.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +% Exiting Activities +% +% + +To Exit an Activity, use the touchpad or a mouse to move the cursor to +the close box on the right corner of the Frame and click. Try to have no +more than three Activities open at once. + +To quit an Activity using a keyboard shortcut, press and hold the +**ctrl** key, and then press the **q** key. + +Scratch +======= + +There are some "Activities", such as Scratch, that are closed from the +"File" menu by selecting "Quit" or "Exit". These activities may require +a separate step to save your work by clicking on the "save" or "save as" +command or may also be done by clicking the folder icon with a +downpointing arrow. + +In Scratch, for example, you must go to "File" then "Save As" then give +your project a name next to "New Filename" then click "OK". + +Etoys +===== + +The Etoys Activity closes by clicking a button that has an ✕ within a +white disc, rather than the stop sign. diff --git a/source/fototoon.markdown b/source/fototoon.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e5c5a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/fototoon.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,383 @@ +% FotoToon +% +% + +About +===== + +The FotoToon Activity will allow you to create everything from a simple +"comic" strip to a long elaborate illustrated document. You will be able +to import many kinds of images into the panes of your project and add +text bubbles to help tell the story. You can use photo images taken with +the XO or imported from a camera, drawings made with Activities such as +Paint, and images of all kinds downloaded from the web. This could +include photos, charts and graphs, maps, and the like. + +This introduction to FotoToon will show you how to get started with a +simple 4 panel project. + +FotoToon, like many other Sugar Activities, is often updated to fix +"bugs" that users report. There was one update, from version 11 to +version 12 during the time this instruction chapter was written. By the +time you use it, there may be others. The changes are usually minor and +should not interfere with the usefulness of this information. Always try +to be sure you are using the latest version. + +Using FotoToon +============== + +The Main FotoToon Toolbar +------------------------- + +The FotoToon Toolbar has 13 icons including 2 with pulldown menus. The +main FotoToon toolbar allows you to access many features of the +Activity. Here is a description of what each of the icons will allow you +to do: + +1. The FotoToon icon. When you hover your cursor over this icon you + will open a small pulldown that allows you to export your work as an + image. See below for more details. + +2. The **Add Image** icon. This icon allows you to add an image to your + project. It can be a photo you take with the XO or digital camera, + or import from the web. It can also be a picture, page, or project + you create in another Sugar Activity. + +The next four icons allow you to add text to your drawings and photos. +They include: + +3. A normal dialogue Globe +4. A cloud shape to tell what a character is silently Thinking +5. A dotted globe which indicates a character is talking in a Whisper +6. An exclamation bubble to add things like "Pow!" "Bang!" and "Wham!" +7. Is a box where you can put the Title of your project. Just above it + is a box icon that allows you to add more rectangular text boxes to + your project. +8. The Movement icon allows you to add little curves to indicate + motion, highlight an object with a sunburst, add some parallel lines + to show horizontal or vertical motion, or add a little light bulb to + show that someone had a bright idea. +9. The circular arrow allows you to click on an object, then on this + icon and rotate it clockwise 1/4 turn (90 degrees) with each click. +10. This icon allows you to delete something you have added. +11. This icon opens and closes the Text pulldown where you can select + the font and size of your text as well as select bold, italics, or + other colors for your words. Click it to open, and when finished, + click again to close. See below for more details. +12. The familiar stop-sign icon is one way to stop the FotoToon + Activity. You can also use the keyboard shortcut: ctrl-Q. + +The Export Pulldown +------------------- + +1a- This little panel allows you to name your project before you export +it as an image. If you do nothing, it will appear in the Journal as, +"FotoToon as image." If you give it a name, such as "My Project-1" +before exporting it will appear in the Journal as "My Project-1 as +image". This will make it easier to find later in the Journal. Just +erase the FotoToon label and replace it with the title you want to use. +If you forget to name it when saving, you can always go to the Journal +and select and rename it. + +1b- This greyed out icon for home view is currently inactive. + +1c- Click on this icon to export your project as an image. The export +will just show your project. The tool bars and other things on the +screen will not be included. If you wish a screen shot of the entire +screen, you can make one by using the usual alt-1 (press the alt key and +the 1 key at the same time). + +The Text Pulldown +----------------- + +The Text Pulldown menu allows you to control the appearance of the text +you add to your project. Generally, they apply to everything in the box +or bubble you are currently working on. You do not have to highlight the +text to change it. + +> 11a- Selecting this icon will change the text you are working on to +> Bold. Clicking it again reverts back to regular text, +> +> 11b- Selecting this icon will change the text your are working on to +> Italics. + +Note: clicking on both of these icons, in any order, will give you Bold +Italic text. Clicking both again, in any order, will get you back to +regular text. + +> 11c- Clicking on this icon will open the Text Color Pallete. See below +> for information on how to use it. +> +> 11d- This is a non-functioning icon that identifies this as the Text +> Pulldown toolbar. +> +> 11e- This little pull down allows you to choose the size of the text +> you are working on. +> +> 11f- This pull down offers a choice of 37 different fonts, listed in +> alphabetical order. Some, such as "Ding Bats" don't actually produce +> anything. Be sure to test the font on your text to see if it looks the +> way you would like it to. + +The Color Pallete Pulldown +-------------------------- + +The Color Pallete Pulldown allows you to choose the color of your font. +It will apply to everything in the box or bubble but can vary from one +box or bubble to the next as you choose. There are 12 preset colors you +can use, or you can create a custom color by selecting one of the preset +colors and dragging the sliders to give more or less Red, Green, or Blue +in the selected color. The little circle at the top of the Color Pallete +shows the current color. When you are satisfied with the color you have +selected/modified, click on the little circle to accept the chosen color +and close the Color Pallete. It may take a few seconds for the new color +to appear in the text box. But, don't worry, it will! + +Learning with FotoToon +====================== + +Plan Ahead +---------- + +FotoToon can be used for a wide variety of learning activities, but the +general process is always similar. For the sample project in this +section, we will make a 4 panel page using 4 photos. This is a good way +to get started since the page can be printed on a single page. + +Here are the general steps you need to complete before you build your +first FotoToon project: + +- **Step One: Decide what your project will be about.** You can tell a + story about anything. For example, it could be about your pets, your + home, your family, your town, or, even some photos you took at a + party. Any topic is fine for our first project. The sample project + will be about "Healthy Snacks" and the photos will be pictures of + food. + +- **Step Two: Make a plan.** Before you begin you should make a plan + that will guide you through the construction of your project. Some + people like to draw a little sketch of each pane showing what will + be in the picture and a suggestion for what words will be added. If + you like the panes can each be on a separate small piece of paper so + you can re-arrange them easily This is called a **Story Board**. You + may have another way you would like to make your plan, just be sure + to include information about what pictures you will use, where you + will get them, and what text you plan to add. + +- **Step Three: Gather your images.** For starters, we will use images + that were taken either with a camera, or using the **Record + Activity** on the XO. Any image that can be imported to the Journal + on your XO and viewed in **Image Viewer** can be used. It is a good + idea to rename each of the photos you will be using in the Journal. + The name can include the number of the pane you plan to use it in so + it is easy to find when you begin putting things together. + +Place Your Images +----------------- + +- Open the Journal and check to be sure your images are there and can + be viewed in the Image Viewer (click on the file to open it and + check). Be sure the images have names that include the number of the + pane you plan to place them (1,2,3, or 4). + +- Open FotoToon and find the "Add Photo" icon (number 2 in the + FotoToon main toolbar shown above). A list of available images will + appear. Click on the one you want to put in the first pane. When it + has loaded, you can either leave it or remove it with the minus sign + icon (number 10 in the main toolbar shown above). Warning: You can + only remove the last image entered. That is why it is important to + number the images according to the panes you wish to place them in. + After the first image has been placed, continue adding images until + all four for your first project have been placed. If you decide + later that you want to change their order after they have been + placed, you will need to delete them and replace them in the new + order. It is best to get your final placement before adding any + text. + +If you would like to use the same images that will be used in this +sample project, you will find them at these links. Go to each link, +upload the photo to a usb drive, plug it into your XO, and open by +clicking on the image names. They will open in the Image Viewer and be +automatically saved so you can access them for your project. + +> Pane-1 +> [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/File:1-Apple-Fries.png](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/File:1-Apple-Fries.png) +> +> Pane-2 +> [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/File:2-Soda-Milk.png](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/File:2-Soda-Milk.png) +> +> Pane-3 +> [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/File:3-Cookies-Yogurt.png](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/File:3-Cookies-Yogurt.png) +> +> Pane-4 +> [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/File:4-HealthySnacks.png](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/File:4-HealthySnacks.png) + +Add Dialogue and Titles +======================= + +If you have planned well with your storyboard, you will have a pretty +good idea of what you want to put in your dialogue balloons and text +boxes. You may even have a title in mind for your project. You can +actually start this process anywhere in your project. All of the +balloons and boxes you will be using to do this will be identified in +the first image above, the The Main PhotoToonToolbar. + +- Making and placing your Title: If you know what you would like your + title to be, you can start with that. It can always be changed + later. When you start a project in FotoToon there will already be a + tiny box for the title in a narrow band across the top of the + project window. You can drag the upper left corner of the box to + enlarge it (look for the cursor arrow to change to a thinner double + headed arrow). You can also move it around in the band across the + top. Click on the box and type all or part of your title. Then you + can change the type style and size using the pull downs in the Text + Pulldown menu (see 11e and 11f in the picture above). Experiment + until you find a style and size you like. You can also change the + color of the type. Don't worry if it isn't perfect, you can always + come back later and change it. Notice that you can erase part of the + text by backspacing over it. + +In this image you can see that we selected bold, a red color from the +color palette, a type size of 48, and the Font "Georgia". + +- Adding Text Balloons: You can place the text balloons wherever you + like within a pane. Click on the pane, then on the balloon you want + to use (see 3,4,and 5 above for explanations). The balloon will + appear in the pane. You can drag it to the position where you want + it, and also can drag the little tail to point to the source of the + dialogue. Add the words to the balloon in the same way you added + them to the Title box. + +In this image you can see that we have added 4 dialogue balloons (\#3 in +the main toolbar). We could also have used the "cloud" balloon (\#4 in +the main toolbar), or the "whisper" balloon (\#5 in the main toolbar). +The first pane is OK, but the first balloon in the second pane needs to +be dragged to a better shape and size. The second ballon in the second +pane appears just as it does when it is first added. It still needs to +have text added and to be resized (by dragging a corner). You can see +that our type size is 12, text color is black, and we are still using +the Georgia font. + +As you work with the various text items, you may wish to eliminate one +entirely. Just click on it, then on the icon with the minus (-) sign +(\#10 in the main toolbar), and it will disappear. + +- Adding Exclamation Balloons: You may wish to include special + exclamations to your project. Choose the exclamation balloon (\# 6 + in the main toolbar). It is possible to eliminate the one longer + point on the balloon by dragging it so that it matched the others. + Again, type into the balloon just as you did in the title box and + dialogue balloons. + +- Adding extra Text Boxes: You can add a text box anywhere in any pane + by clicking on the pane and then on the box icon in the diagram (\#7 + in the main toolbar). + +In this example you can see we have added 4 exclamation balloons and one +extra text box. We used the same text size, font, and color as in the +rest of the project. You could choose to use different ones in your +project. + +Exporting Your Project +====================== + +Now, if you have followed the instructions above, you should have a +small, completed FotoToon Project. You may have decided to use the same +photos that are in the sample, or you may have chosen to use images you +have imported. These can be from your camera, your XO, downloads from +the web, projects you have made in other Activities, drawings you made +in Paint, or even photos you have modified in Paint (import, then add +things and/or crop as you like). When finished, your project will look +something like this: + +Notice the little red cursor mark at the end of the title in the image. +This export was done in FotoToon 11. The update, FotoToon 12 eliminates +all stray cursors when exporting. Always be sure you are using the +latest version of an Activity. + +Regardless of what you have made for your project, you will probably +want to share it with others. You can do this as an email attachment or +print it out as a paper copy. To do this, you need to export your +project as an image stored in your Journal. The instructions for +exporting your project are shown above. We will repeat them here as +well. + +The Export Pulldown +=================== + +1a- This little panel allows you to name your project before you export +it as an image. If you do nothing, it will appear in the Journal as, +"FotoToon as image." If you give it a name, such as "My Project-1" +before exporting it will appear in the Journal as "My Project-1 as +image". This will make it easier to find later in the Journal. Just +erase the FotoToon label and replace it with the title you want to use. +If you forget to name it when saving, you can always go to the Journal +and select and rename it. + +1b- This greyed out icon for home view is currently inactive. + +1c- Click on this icon to export your project as an image. The export +will just show your project. The tool bars and other things on the +screen will not be included. If you wish a screen shot of the entire +screen, you can make one by using the usual alt-1 (press the alt key and +the 1 key at the same time). + +Look in the Journal. Your project should appear there with the name you +gave it before exporting. If you forgot to give it a name, it will just +say "FotoToon." If this happened, rename it now, in the Journal before +you forget to do it. + +Extending FotoToon 12 +===================== + +FotoToon can be used for much more than the simple 4-pane example we +built in the instructions. It can be adapted for use in many different +subject areas where students and teachers can construct lessons on any +topic. Here are some possible ideas for projects: + +- Student written comic books for language arts practice. Students can + write their own little "graphic novels" and even print them and take + home to share with friends and family. + +- Student produced magazine articles for any topic they and their + teachers choose. A single page or two-page "spread" will make it + like the ones you see in actual magazines. One or more panes on the + page can be used just for text to extend the story. The text could + be written in another program and imported as an image or put in a + large text box that fills the pane. The advantage of doing it all in + FotoToon is that it would be easier to edit and/or change the text + there than if it is imported as an image. Some possible ideas for + these articles could be: + +- Cooking favorite foods (with recipes) + +- Family pets (pictures and stories) + + > Our neighborhood (pictures and stories of places to see or + > problems that need to be solved) + +- Science articles with photos of plants, animals, rocks, etc. + including descriptions and information + +- Historical articles with photos of people or places imported from + the web + +- "How To" articles on any topic the students or teacher choose + +Modifying FotoToon 12 +===================== + +FotoToon is free open source software and, as such is available to be +modified by the user as they wish as long as they give the original +source proper credit. So, if you are a programmer and want to change +something to suit your needs, you may do so. Just don't forget to give +credit where credit is due. + +If you are not a programmer, you can suggest changes or modifications to +the Activity to the original programmer at the same place where you +would report problems (see next section). If it is something that will +improve the Activity and not interfere with other parts of it, the +programmers will be happy to consider including it in a future update. + +Because there are always updates and improvements happening with this +program, be sure to always check to be sure you have the latest version. diff --git a/source/frame.markdown b/source/frame.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c1db77 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/frame.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +% The Frame +% +% + +The Frame is the black border around the screen that holds the View +icons, Activity taskbar, clipboard, wireless connections, battery level, +incoming invitations and notifications, buddies, and global information +that is used across all views. + +Accessing the Frame +=================== + +You can access the frame from any view in 3 ways: + +- By using the Frame Key on the keyboard. On XO laptops the Frame key + is the square icon on the upper right hand corner of your keyboard, + on other laptops you can use the F6 key. +- By moving the cursor to the edges or corners of your screen. (There + are several options you can configure in this area, please refer to + the My Settings section for more details.) + +TODO: 3 ways? there are 2 here + +Frame Elements +============== + + +The Frame view: + +1. Zoom menu: The Zoom menu (icons matching the important keyboard + shortcuts toward the keyboard top left) appears on the upper-left + edge of the Frame. Use it to move between the four Sugar views: + Neighborhood, Group, Home, and Activity. +2. Running Activity list: The sequence of currently started Activities + appears on the top edge of the Frame in the order that they were + started. The active Activity is highlighted. (The Journal always + appears here first.) Here you can see open Activities, save, close + or switch between them, and view their source code. Sometimes an + unlabeled circle appears here which represents an additional + full-screen session started by an Activity whose icon already + appears in the top edge of the Frame or an Activity that is having + trouble completely starting. Invitations to collaborative Activity + sessions also show up on this portion of the Frame. They appear as + icons in the color of the person who sent them. Hover and you can + see who it is and join in. +3. Active buddy list: People you are currently collaborating with + appear on the right edge of the Frame. +4. Clipboard: The left edge of the Frame serves as a clipboard. You can + drag objects such as images and text to and from the clipboard, and + from and to Activities. A hover menu also lets you remove them from + the clipboard, open them in an Activity, or save (keep) them in your + Journal. +5. System status (from left to right): Switch for the two modes of the + touchpad (XO-1 only), external storage devices (e.g. thumb and hard + drives), network status, text-to-speech, speaker (volume), and + battery appear on the lower edge of the Frame. diff --git a/source/getting_connected.markdown b/source/getting_connected.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..981cf28 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/getting_connected.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +% Getting Connected +% +% + +A primary goal of the Sugar learning platform is enabling students to +learn and work together. + +In a wireless environment, an access point (AP) is a device that allows +your computer to connect to an existing set of communicating devices. +The access point usually has a direct connection to the internet, and +can relay data between the wireless devices and the devices it can +access. + +Multiple ways to connect to others +================================== + +- wireless access point (WiFi hotspot); +- wired network—may require an external adapter; +- OLPC “School Server” mesh network; +- OLPC “simple” mesh network, which lets you collaborate directly with + other Sugar users. + +Connecting through an access point +================================== + +You can connect from the Neighborhood View. You can see information +about the connection on the Frame. + +**Step 1: Go to the Neighborhood View** + +Go to the Neighborhood View to connect to an access point. + +Tip: To access the Neighborhood View, click on the Neighborhood Icon on +the Frame or by pressing the F1 key. + +**Step 2: Choose an access point** + +Networks (access points) are represented by circles on the Neighborhood +View. Hover over a circle to see more information about an access point. +An access point is identified by the name (ESSID) it broadcasts. An OLPC +laptop mesh-point—represented by a series of concentric circles—is +identified by its channel number (1, 6, or 11). You can also search for +an access point by name in the search bar at the top of the page. + +Note: If an access point is not broadcasting its name, the Neighborhood +View may show that AP with some other name. + +Signal strength is indicated by the fill level of the circle. The color +of the circle is based upon the name of the access point. A lock icon +identifies networks that are secured and require a key (passcode) to +use. A star icon identifies access points that have been previously used +(favorites). + +**Step 3: Activate a connection** + +To activate a network connection, click once inside the circle that +corresponds to your chosen access point (or click on the Connect option +in the hover menu). + +While the connection is being established, the inside of the circle will +blink. Once the connection is established, an icon for that connection +will be shown on the bottom edge of Frame. If for some reason the +connection failed, the circle will stop blinking. Sometimes it is +necessary to try several times before the connection is established. + +If the access point is secured and requires a key, a dialog prompts you +for the required information. Different access points may require +different types of keys. Before entering the key, be sure to select the +correct type from the pull-down menu that is presented. + +**Step 4: Checking the connection** + +The connection status is detailed in a hover menu. + +You can check the status of your connection from the Frame (from any +view). By hovering over the circle icon, you will find details about +your connection status in a hover menu. OLPC deployments + +OLPC has designed a mesh network that allows XO laptops to communicate +without the presence of the Internet and a School Server as a means to +make their school network connectivity more efficient. The School Server +also provides web and chat services. + +Note to parents and teachers +============================ + +Collaboration between learners is one of the most important features of +Sugar. To enable collaboration in a classroom or home setting, it is +necessary to establish the same type of connection for each computer. +Computers can be connected through a School Server, a simple mesh if +they are OLPC XOs, or an access point. + +When using an access point for the connection, the computers must all +use the same Jabber server in order to collaborate. Please refer to the +Sugar Control Panel discussion in the Personalizing Sugar chapter for +details regarding the configuration of Jabber. + +Additional hints +================ + +You make your connection from the Neighborhood View. + +Your current connection status is shown on the Frame. Also, the hover +menu will indicate "Connected". It sometimes takes 2–3 tries to connect. +To disconnect, select “Disconnect” from the hover menu that appears in +either of the network status menus (See Step 4 above). + +Access points are represented by circles. The fill level indicates +signal strength. + +Access points that require keys have a lock icon. The color of the +circle is calculated from the ESSID of the access point. The name of the +access point is displayed when you hover over it. + +You connect by “clicking” in the center of the circle. The center of the +circle will blink while the laptop is trying to connect. + +If you are using an OLPC XO computer, mesh points are represented by a +series of concentric circles. The color of a mesh point is the same as +your XO color. If your OLPC XO computer is “mesh enabled” and you have +not connected to an AP, you will automatically be joined to a simple +mesh network, enabling you to collaborate with others in the mesh, but +not necessarily to access the Internet. + +You are prompted if the access point requires a key. + +:author: + +> © Walter Bender 2008 +> +> adam hyde 2008 +> +> David Cramer 2008 +> +> David Farning 2008 +> +> Janis Grinbergs 2008 +> +> G Hunt 2012 diff --git a/source/getting_started.markdown b/source/getting_started.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9cf7c53 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/getting_started.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +% Getting Started +% +% + +Read Me First: + +Welcome to XO-land! You are about to start on a wonderful adventure of +exploration and learning. The cute little green and white machine in the +box is the tool that will enable you to travel the world via the +Internet, compose and play music, create works of art, do science +experiments, take photos and videos, communicate with friends and family +via e-mail, and even learn to do a little computer programming. + +But the XO represents a lot more than that. It is a symbol of your +commitment to the education of the children of the world. OLPC is not a +computer project, it is an education project. We hope you will proudly +enjoy using your XO as children around the world do. + +Before you get started, consider reading these great tips: +[http://laptop.org/start](http://laptop.org/start) + +The first thing you need to do is carefully unpack your XO. Save +everything! If you don't, you may accidentally throw away something +important. Be sure to save the box, packing materials, and any paperwork +that is in the box. + + + +Before you use your XO for the first time, you should fully charge the +battery. The Battery section below shows you how to install the battery +and connect the charger. + +While you wait for it to charge, read through the rest of this guide and +see what you can do! + +:author: + +> © Caryl Bigenho 2008 +> +> adam hyde 2008 +> +> Anne Gentle 2008 +> +> Charles McCarthy 2008 +> +> A Holt 2008 +> +> Lisa Lewis 2008 +> +> Tom Boyle 2008 +> +> G Hunt 2012 diff --git a/source/getting_support.markdown b/source/getting_support.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f3fbbb --- /dev/null +++ b/source/getting_support.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +% Getting Support +% +% + +One Laptop per Child is an education project, not a laptop project. With +connected laptops, learners are liberated to actively engage with others +with similar interests in cultures of learning by doing without being +limited by time or space. If you are having hardware or software +problems with your XO, remember that its design is to encourage you to +learn new things by trying to solve problems on your own! + +That said, an entire community built this XO and everything on it, and +we want to help you with it. Our OLPC global community of volunteers +provide software and hardware troubleshooting and support. This section +will help tell you where to find Support when you are really stuck! OLPC +has proven that volunteer-driven support works, often with far more +heartfelt caring than any corporate help desk! + +If you have questions about the XO, ask a teacher for help, a friend, or +search on the Internet. If you have a question about your XO, there is a +very good chance it is already answered within our expanding Support FAQ +/ RTFM knowledge base: + +> [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Support\_FAQ](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Support_FAQ) + +Next try looking at +[http://support.laptop.org](http://support.laptop.org) extensive helpful +guidance for exploring and fixing your XO, allowing you to solve +challenging issues right alongside others. Specifically, check out: + +> Getting Started: [http://laptop.org/start](http://laptop.org/start) +> +> Email Lists: [http://lists.laptop.org](http://lists.laptop.org) +> +> Live Chat: +> [http://forum.laptop.org/chat](http://forum.laptop.org/chat) +> +> OLPC Community: Wiki [http://wiki.laptop.org](http://wiki.laptop.org) + +If you are still unable to find an answer online, please email +[help@laptop.org](mailto:help@laptop.org). + +Did you know that our volunteers staff a live Help Chat site 24/7, on +the Internet? Click here: +[http://forum.laptop.org/chat](http://forum.laptop.org/chat) Login with +the color-name shown; that's guest ID. Type your question in the chat +line at the bottom. You may have to wait for a response as our +volunteers come in and out. If you are patient, we can probably help +you! To learn more about what Internet Relay Chat (the system that makes +this possible) is, click here: +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/IRC](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/IRC) + +We would also like to make special mention of our Support Gang, where an +enthusiastic group of volunteers assist XO users all over the world. If +you are impressed with the passion and hard work of our volunteers, +please consider giving back, by joining our dedicated community. Take a +look at the link below. We would welcome your participation! +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Support\_Gang](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Support_Gang) +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Support\_FAQ](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Support_FAQ) +Be sure to review the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)link above. Many +of us join and "learn by doing." + +Thanks very much! OLPC Support Gang diff --git a/source/give_me_the_internet.markdown b/source/give_me_the_internet.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae532e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/give_me_the_internet.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +% Give Me the Internet +% +% + +Give Me the Internet, Please +============================ + +The designers of the XO laptop designed it for primarily wireless +access, so it can work well in developing nations, where it is faster +and less expensive to introduce wireless connections than wired ones. + +XOs are designed to connect to other XOs using a mesh network. A mesh +network allows nearby XO laptops to talk to one another directly +(wirelessly) without the need for a traditional Internet Service +Provider (ISP). + +The XO also supports wireless connections for direct Internet +connection. Collaboration with others on Activities does not require an +Internet connection. + +There are different ways to connect to the Internet: + +1. using a wireless access point such as a WiFi hotspot at a library or + coffee shop, or a location that has a wireless router such as your + house +2. using a "School Server" provided by your school system +3. using a USB-to-Ethernet cable that plugs into a cable modem, DSL + modem, or local network such as those offered at a home or workplace + +Before you connect +================== + +If you are going to connect at school or at home, check with your ISP to +find out if the network is protected with a password. Your router also +has a password which can be found in its documentation. Become familiar +with your wireless router settings so that you can troubleshoot the +connection if needed. The Troubleshooting chapter offers some +assistance. + +Check your current connection status as shown in the lower right area on +the Frame. If you have connected successfully in the past, the XO +"remembers" the connection and will connect again in the future. + +Go to a location with your XO where you know there is a Wireless Access +Point (WAP) nearby. + +Find out the network name (or SSID) and its password, if it is secured +with a password. The XO refers to this as the Wireless Key. + +Connecting +========== + +- Go to the Neighborhood View. + +- In the Search field, enter the name of the network to which you want + to connect. + +- Or roll the pointer over one of the network access circles until you + recognize the name of the wireless network. + +Checking name of an AP +====================== + +- Connect by clicking the center of the circle. + +- Wireless access points are represented by circles. The fill level + indicates signal strength. + +- Access points that require keys have a "locked" icon. + +- Access points that you have successfully connected to become + "Favorites" as indicated by a star icon. + +TODO: Picture\_49.png need a new screen shot for the new mesh network + +- Access points that represent the Mesh network are indicated with a + target icon, with one for channel 1, one for channel 6, and one for + channel 11. Hover your pointer over the access point to see if + you're already connected or if you need to click to connect. + +Connected + +Not yet connected + +- The name of the access point is displayed when you hover over it. + +- The center of the circle blinks while the laptop is trying to + connect. + +- Enter the wireless key if prompted. You might need to ask your + teacher or parent for the wireless key. + +Entering wireless encryption (WEP) password + +- While the XO is connecting to the network, the Access Point blinks. + +- Once you are connected, the menu on the circle in the Neighborhood + View changes, and you can see a circle in the lower right area of + the Frame. + +- if the attempt to connect fails, the circle stops blinking, but the + access point icon does not appear in the Frame. Click the circle in + the Neighborhood View to try again—it sometimes takes 2–3 tries to + connect. + +- To disconnect from the network, hover the pointer over the access + point and click Disconnect on the menu. + +- Once your XO is connected, you can return back to the Home View and + launch the Browse Activity. + +- If you have not yet added the Browse Activity to your favorites, + click the List View (left) and scroll to Browse. Add the Activity to + your favorites list by clicking the star next to it (1). Launch + Browse for the first time by clicking the globe icon (2). Next time, + you can use the freeform view to launch it (as is done in the next + step). +- If you have added the Browse Activity to your favorites list, you + can click the globe icon to open the Browse Activity and test your + access to the Internet. + +- Click the globe icon to launch the Browse Activity. + +If you cannot see an Access Point with a name that you recognize, the +wireless antenna might be too far away, or the Access Point might not be +working properly. For more information, or if you have difficulties +getting a network connection, refer to the Troubleshooting chapter. + +More information about your XO's connection: + +- Your Wireless Access Point has a network name, also called an SSID, + that displays in the Neighborhood View. The XO cannot recognize + SSIDs that are hidden, which is configured on the access point. + Refer to the Troubleshooting chapter for more information about + hidden SSIDs. +- If you are connected to the Internet, your XO laptop cannot be on + the mesh network, and if your XO is on a mesh network, it cannot + simultaneously connect wirelessly to the Internet. + +Mesh or AP +---------- + +- If the XO cannot find an available Internet network point after five + minutes of searching, it defaults to Mesh Network 1, which enables + your XO laptop to connect to other nearby XO laptops. +- Please be patient; it can take your XO up to a minute to find newly + visible networks. +- Sometimes you'll be asked to enter the "Wireless Key" again. Enter + it again and repeat until your connection is complete. + +- For more information about connecting, please see the Support FAQ + online. + +author +: + +> © Anne Gentle 2008 +> +> Brian Jordan 2008 +> +> Caryl Bigenho 2008 +> +> A Holt 2008 +> +> Janet Swisher 2008 +> +> Sandy Culver 2008 +> +> S Page 2008 +> +> Tom Boyle 2008 +> +> G Hunt 2012 diff --git a/source/glossary.markdown b/source/glossary.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e047217 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/glossary.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +% Glossary +% +% + +Activity + +> Sugar education software module. In other contexts these might be +> called programs, but we prefer to emphasize what the students can do +> with them, not where they came from. + +Definition + +> An association between a name which may mean nothing by itself and a +> description intended to convey an important idea. Frequently we need a +> different kind of association between names and ideas, such as +> pictures, animations, or actual experience. The most important purpose +> of definitions is to explain what the thing named does; another is to +> describe its uses, or as we often say its purposes; a third is to +> describe the appearance of something, so that we can recognize it when +> we see it; a fourth is to enable us to talk about the thing +> conveniently with those who already have some idea of it. Usually the +> order of importance of these purposes is entirely misunderstood. + +Favorite + +> Activity that shows in the Home view icon ring. A user can mark an +> Activity as a Favorite in the List view by clicking the star outline +> next to the Activity name. + +Frame + +> Popup rectangular border in Sugar showing View icons and active +> Activities on the top; friend icons on the right; hardware icons on +> the bottom; and icons for open documents on the left. The frame is +> activated by putting the mouse cursor into a corner of the screen, or +> optionally the side (see My Settings), or by pressing the Frame button +> on the top right of an XO keyboard. Moving the mouse cursor away from +> the activation area or pressing the Frame button while the Frame is +> active dismisses the Frame. + +Group view + +> View showing colored XO icons of the user's friends who are connected, +> and grayed-out icons for those who are not. + +Home view + +> View showing XO icon, an icon for the current Activity (or journal if +> no Activity has been started), and a ring or other arrangement of +> available Activity icons. + +Hover Menu + +> A menu that pops up when the mouse cursor is held over an icon for one +> second, and expands further after one more second. A feature that many +> users cannot discover without being told about it. + +Index + +> Synonym for Glossary. + +Journal + +> A browser for saved software sessions and documents, allowing sorting, +> searching, and access to metadata. + +Menu Bar + +> A rectangular area at the top of the screen containing text labels or +> icons, where clicking with the mouse results in the appearance of a +> drop-down menu containing further labels or icons for Activity +> functions available to the user. + +Metadata + +> Information about a file, such as file type, software used to create +> it, description, tags, a screen shot, date and time, and more. The +> Journal maintains metadata about saved documents and software +> sessions. + +Neighborhood view + +> View showing wireless mesh and access points, connected XOs, and +> shared Activities. + +OS + +> Operating System. This describes the Software that runs on your XO +> laptop. + +School server (XS) + +> A computer designed by OLPC for use in schools to hold student backups +> and content, and to provide school administration server software such +> as Moodle. + +Sugar + +> Education software for the One Laptop Per Child project, designed to +> run on the XO and on other computers running the Linux operating +> system. + +Toolbar + +> A rectangular area of the screen, usually at the top, containing icons +> representing Activity functions available to the user. diff --git a/source/gnome.markdown b/source/gnome.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8119f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/gnome.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +% Gnome +% +% + +In late 2009 OLPC added a more conventional desktop environment called +GNOME to its operating system. This is intended for older children and +advanced users. + +Users can switch from Sugar to GNOME through the Switch Desktop option +under My Settings. + +After selecting the Switch Desktop option another confirmation dialogue +with addtional information appears. The switch to GNOME can be initiated +by clicking the Restart now button. + +Switching back to Sugar from GNOME can be done via the Switch to Sugar +icon on the GNOME desktop or the Application - System Tools menu and +confirming the corresponding message box. + +Further information about GNOME is available on the GNOME Web site and +its extensive Help section. Additional information about how to transfer +files from Sugar's Journal to GNOME's Documents folder can be found in +the Journal section. diff --git a/source/group_view.markdown b/source/group_view.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cef5349 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/group_view.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +% Group View +% +% + +The Group View shows you your friends and allows you to easily interact +with them. + +Accessing the Group View +======================== + + +To show the Group View, click the Group icon on the Frame or press the +F2 key. + + +The Group View shows you your friends. XO icons that are dimmed +represent friends who are currently offline. + +Adding a friend +=============== + +You add friends to the Group View from the Neighborhood View. + + +When you hover over an XO icon, the Make friend menu option appears. +Click this option to add that person as a friend. + + +Your new friend's icon then appears in the Group View. + +Inviting a friend +================= + + +From the hover menu, you can also invite friends to join your current +Actvity. There is more information about invitations and sharing in the +Collaborating chapter. + +Removing a friend +================= + + +You can remove a friend from the Group View using the hover menu. Click +Remove friend. That person's icon disappears from the Group View. diff --git a/source/hardware_evolution.markdown b/source/hardware_evolution.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..26f7883 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/hardware_evolution.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +% Hardware evolution: Hardware Evolution 2008 - 2012 +% +% + +Although the XO has continued to look pretty much the same on the +outside, the electronics inside have been changing. For details of the +differences, refer to: + +- [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Hardware\_specification](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Hardware_specification) + for the XO 1.0 + +- [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Hardware\_specification\_1.5](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Hardware_specification_1.5) + +- [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/XO-1.75](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/XO-1.75) + +To some extent, the changes were made to keep using high volume parts, +and improve performance. The change from 1.5 to 1.75 involved a change +of the processor from x86 to arm, and a reduction in power consumption +of about 50%. With power management improvements, this permits the XO to +last more than 3.5 hours. + +As you can see from the "boot time" comparison, lower power has not been +at the expense of decreased performance. + + Version Hard Disk Memory Boot Time + --------- ----------- --------- ------------- + XO 1.0 > 1 GB 256 MB > 76 s + XO 1.5 > 4 GB 1000 MB > 54 s + XO-1.75 > 4 GB 512 MB > 47 s + +TODO: Add xo-4 info diff --git a/source/home_view.markdown b/source/home_view.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3773e74 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/home_view.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +% Home View +% +% + +Use the Home View to begin new Activities. + +Note: When you have clicked on an Activity's icon, please wait for that +Activity to start. If you get impatient and happen to click again on the +Activity's icon, you may end up with that Activity being started twice. +When you click on an Activity's icon, you will see a start-up view while +that Activity initializes. Once the Activity is running, you will be +placed into its Activity View. If the Activity fails to start, you will +instead be returned to Home View. + +To get to the Home View, click the Home icon on the Frame or press the +F3 key. + +The Home View has several modes. Each mode has a different arrangement +of Activities: + +- Your favorite Activities in a ring (Ring mode) +- Your installed Activities in a list (List view) +- Your favorite Activities arranged freeform (Freeform mode) + +Favorites View +============== + +1. Search box: Use the search box to find Activities. Note: If in List + view you see fewer Activities than expected, you may need to click + on the small X at the right end of the search box to undo an + unintended search request. +2. Favorites modes: Click an icon to switch to a different view. Hover + over the Favorites icon to see a menu that lets you pick Ring mode + or Freeform mode. +3. List view: Click the icon to switch over to the List view. +4. Activity icon: Click an Activity icon to launch that Activity. Its + icon is colored if the Activity has been used before and clicking on + it will resume its last session. (Please see the Activity Menu + section below for further information.) Only Activities that have + been “starred” as favorites in the List View appear in this view. +5. Active Activity icon: The icon of the currently active Activity + appears under the XO icon. +6. XO icon: Hover the pointer over the "XO" in the center of the Home + View to bring up a menu and to access the Sugar Control Panel + (Please see the chapter on Customizing Sugar). + + +When a search is started the Activities which don't correspond to the +result are greyed out. + +List View +========= + +Use the List view to manage all of your Activities and to choose which +Activity icons will appear on the Favorites view. + +1. Activity favorite icon: A star, which is colored for favorite + Activities, which appear in the Ring mode or Freeform mode. Click a + star to color or clear it. +2. Activity icon: Click the icon to launch the Activity or hover over + it to see the corresponding menu. +3. Hover menu: In this menu you can also launch, favorite and + un-favorite Activities and erase them. +4. Version number: Here you can see which version of the Activity is + currently installed. For more information about updating your + Activities to the latest version please refer to the How to Install + and Update Activities section. + +Favorites View in Freeform Mode +=============================== + +The Freeform mode of the Home View works the same as the Ring mode, but +the icons are arranged arbitrarily instead of in a circle. You can drag +the icons in this View to visually group them in a way that makes sense +to you. + +Activity Menu +============= + +When hovering over an Activity icon a corresponding menu appears. From +there you can directly resume the last few Activity sessions or choose +to start a new one. + +XO Menu +======= + +Use the hover menu that appears over the XO icon to access the Sugar +Control Panel and to shutdown or restart the computer. + +:author: + +> © Walter Bender 2008 +> +> adam hyde 2008 +> +> David Farning 2008 +> +> Janet Swisher 2008 +> +> Janis Grinbergs 2008 +> +> Tom Boyle 2008 diff --git a/source/how_to_volunteer.markdown b/source/how_to_volunteer.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..934ade6 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/how_to_volunteer.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ +% How to volunteer +% +% + +Volunteers Change the World +=========================== + +Join us in our global mission to improve education for the world's +children! Volunteer contribution is central to the educational spirit of +OLPC. The ways to volunteer are as varied as your interests. The +sections that follow provide information to learn how to become a +volunteer, based on your interests and background. + +If learning matters to you, you will be welcome. To directly get +involved, visit the web site [http://olpcMAP.net](http://olpcMAP.net) or +email [volunteer@laptop.org](mailto:volunteer@laptop.org). + +Finally, know that there are LOTS of fun, cool people out in the world +who'd like to work and play together with you as contributors, to help +spread our mission and to improve children's lives. + +Kids, siblings, and parents +=========================== + +The XO is meant for the entire family to use, so learning as much as you +can to help each other learn is one way to volunteer with (and for) +other OLPC learners worldwide. + +You can contribute to the wiki, a web site that you can edit, at +[http://wiki.laptop.org](http://wiki.laptop.org) to share your knowledge +and XO laptop experience. + +You can tell others about your projects and recruit others to join your +efforts. To understand how easy it is to edit the wiki, go to +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Wiki\_getting\_started](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Wiki_getting_started). + +You might want to get involved in a regional group with other XO owners +in your area. You can find many such vibrant communities at +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Regional\_community\_groups](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Regional_community_groups). + +Teachers, students, and educators +================================= + +The OLPC project is an education project above all else, so your +contributions are highly valued. You can contribute by testing, +developing content, mentoring, or running group activities. You can +start a University chapter of OLPC users -- both formal Community +Service Learning and great informal clubs exist. Details may be found at +wiki.laptop.org/go/University\_program. + +You can try to meet with other teachers and students within your +geographic region, or look up pre-existing groups within the list of +regional groups here: +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Groups](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Groups). + +Support Gang +============ + +If you enjoy personally helping others, and the challenge of solving +problems with learners worldwide, you would be a perfect fit for the +Support Gang. We work together answering all kinds of questions about +the XO, peripherals, software, volunteering, deployment, organizational +development and anything else OLPC users ask about. + +Community Support Volunteers are an extremely friendly and supportive +group, who came together from all around the world, and work together +closely online. We also meet weekly with invited guest speakers by +phone, and in person whenever possible. + +When you volunteer, fellow volunteers and OLPC will help you get started +and assist you in finding answers to difficult or unusual technical +questions. Bilingual volunteers are most especially welcome. Please join +us at +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Support\_Gang](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Support_Gang). + +Documentation +============= + +If you would like to help others learn about the XO then you can help +with the documentation. We have a dedicated team and we eagerly welcome +new contributors! You don't need to be a expert on the technology to +participate - you may wish to just spell check or check images. You may +also be inspired to write a chapter or improve existing chapters. You +can learn more on how to contribute by joining the OLPC Library mailing +list +[http://lists.laptop.org/listinfo/library](http://lists.laptop.org/listinfo/library) + +Existing XO and Sugar manuals are written and hosted at FLOSS Manuals. + +Translators +=========== + +OLPC is a world-wide program that tries to reach people in many +countries, who speak many different languages. You can get an idea of +the program and look for your languages on the Sugar Labs translation +server. If you speak and write more than one language, you can help +translate the wiki or the software. If you can help, please see +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Translation](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Translation). + +Content creators, writers, artists, photographers, videographers +================================================================ + +Everyone is a creator: by creating and sharing something, you inevitably +understand it better. Writing about the XO can also be one of the +greatest contributions to helping others. + +Please consider offering your communications or media talents on the +OLPC Wiki - whether by writing, designing, editing, storytelling or +simply organizing - anywhere within +[http://wiki.laptop.org](http://wiki.laptop.org). + +If you want to create art for the XO, you can join other artists at the +Art Community page at +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Community:Art](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Community:Art). + +You can upload photos to a great, growing worldwide archive at +[http://www.flickr.com/groups/olpc](http://www.flickr.com/groups/olpc). +One group of photos even shows those specially taken by XO laptops +themselves, using the Record Activity. Hardware designers and testers + +There are lots of volunteer hardware opportunities, from brainstorming +about alternative power to developing peripherals to repairing XOs. You +may want to develop peripherals for the XO that use its USB ports or +other inputs, for health applications or beyond: +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Health](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Health). + +You can get involved with community repair centers or start your own, +with volunteers or as a business: +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Repair\_center\_locations](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Repair_center_locations). + +You may want to work on power generation: +[http://lists.laptop.org/listinfo/power](http://lists.laptop.org/listinfo/power). +Or firmware coding: +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OFW](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OFW). To find +out more about all of these types of hardware projects search for those +keywords at: +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Category:Hardware](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Category:Hardware). + +Software +======== + +Software Developers especially should connect with Sugar Labs: +[http://join.sugarlabs.org](http://join.sugarlabs.org) + +The XO's software is designed to be malleable because we want the help +of all the people in the world who are capable of writing free software +to help other people learn. To get involved, you can: + +- Write activities + [http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activity\_Team](http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activity_Team). +- Fix, report, or triage bugs + [http://bugs.sugarlabs.org](http://bugs.sugarlabs.org) and + [http://dev.laptop.org](http://dev.laptop.org). +- Help test + [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Friends\_in\_testing](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Friends_in_testing). +- Hack Sugar and our OS + [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Developers\_manual](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Developers_manual). + +In short: "patches are welcome". + +Local opportunities +=================== + +Help create changes in the community you live in - as well as ones you'd +like to visit. Start or join a grassroots group: +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Groups](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Groups). + +- Create a Community Repair Center: + [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Repair\_center\_locations](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Repair_center_locations). +- Help out at a nearby Pilot deployment: + [http://planet.laptop.org](http://planet.laptop.org). +- Run, host, or attend an Event or Jam: + [http://olpcMAP.net](http://olpcMAP.net). + +Deployment +========== + +Volunteering at an OLPC deployment or school of any size is sometimes +possible, in exceptional cases: +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/ClassActs/Resources](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/ClassActs/Resources) + +Volunteers working on their own much smaller deployments, work together +leveraging their mutual insights: +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/ALEARN\_Network](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/ALEARN_Network) + +A great way to get started is to explore others' work at +[http://planet.laptop.org](http://planet.laptop.org) and then email your +specific interests and qualifications to: +[mailto:volunteer@laptop.org](mailto:volunteer@laptop.org) + +Annual Community Summits +======================== + +Nothing beats meeting in person, and the OLPC community's biggest annual +summit occurs in October in San Francisco, thanks to: +[http://olpcSF.org](http://olpcSF.org). + +Similarly a more technical spring summit generally takes plan around May +in Montevideo, Uruguay: [http://ceibalJAM.org](http://ceibalJAM.org). + +Conclusions +=========== + +We weren't kidding when we told you that we accept volunteer +contributions of all shapes, sizes, and kinds. Would you enjoy making +presents for millions of children every day? Can you help? diff --git a/source/index.markdown b/source/index.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fdd3ee7 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/index.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +% Welcome to Sugar's documentation! +% +% + +Contents: + +Introduction + +Hardware + +Software + +Activities + +Network + +Support + +Appendices diff --git a/source/journal.markdown b/source/journal.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..89c4fe2 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/journal.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +% Journal +% +% + +The Journal Activity is an automated diary of everything you do within +Sugar. Sugar Activities use the Journal as a place to save your work. +You can use the Journal as a place to revisit old work, to resume +incomplete work, to organize your completed work, and to reflect upon +your progress as a learner. + +The Journal keeps a record of what you do and the things your create +such as photos, drawings, and writings. You can search for items in the +Journal or sort entries by type or date. You can also click an entry to +get a detailed view. You can resume an activity by clicking on the icon +for that entry. + +The Journal also supports external storage media such as a USB device or +a SD card. When you plug a USB device into the XO, you can access the +contents of the USB device using the Journal. Click the USB icon to see +the content on an attached USB storage device. You can also copy +information from the Journal onto removeable media—such as a USB +device—as a means of backing it up. If you are connected to a school +server, you can access its backup system. + +Accessing the Journal +===================== + + +To show the Journal, click the Journal icon on the Frame. + +On an XO laptop, you can press the magnifying glass key in the top row +of the keyboard to immediately open the Journal and search. + +Journal features +================ + + +The Journal View contains a menu and a list of journal entries: + +- Favorite star: You can mark important entries by clicking on the + star icon for that entry. When you click the star icon, the star is + colored in. +- Entry icon: Each Journal entry has an icon. The color of the icon + shows who created the entry. For example, if you copy a photo from a + friend, the photo's icon has your friend's colors. You can launch + the Activity for the entry by clicking on the icon. A hover menu may + reveal additional options. In particular, "Erase" deletes that entry + from your Journal. Caution: "Erase" deletes any data associated with + the entry shown. For example, if you delete an entry that shows that + you installed an Activity, you delete the Activity as well. +- Entry name: Each entry has a name. You can edit the name by clicking + it. If the Journal view is showing the contents of a removable + storage device, the Linux file name is shown here, with the path and + the file name extension stripped off. +- Search box: Type words in the box to search for entries that match + those words. Entries are displayed when they contain all of the + typed words. Comparison will be against all of: the entry name + field, the description field (see "Journal detail view"), and the + tag field (see "Journal detail view"). Note: A small x button at the + right of the box shows that searching is being applied. To cancel + your search, click on that x. +- Favorites view: Only shows the entries which have been marked as + favorites. +- Type filter: You can select to have the Journal only show certain + types of entries, e.g. only images or only entries associated with a + specific Activity. +- Date filter: Contains option to only show Journal entries modified + within the past day, week, or month. +- Sorting options: You can order Journal entries by their size, + creation date and modification date. +- Documents folder: To exchange files between the Journal and the + underlying file system the \$HOME/DOCUMENTS folderis available in + the Journal. For example: If you have created an image in GIMP under + GNOME and want to open it in the Paint Activity you can place it in + the \$HOME/DOCUMENTS folder and then can access it in the Journal. +- Buddy icons: If other participants joined you in this Activity, + icons in their colors appear here. +- Elapsed time: Displays the time since the most recent change to the + entry. +- Detail view: Click this button to see detailed information about the + entry. See "Journal detail view", below. + +Journal Detail view +=================== + + +The Detail view appears when you click the Detail view button for an +entry. This view lets you examine and annotate the entry. + +- Back Icon: You can click anywhere in this line to return to the main + Journal View. +- Resume Button: You can click the Resume button to resume an + Activity. A hover menu may show additional options. For example, you + can resume working with an image using either the Browser or the + Paint Activity. +- Copy button: You can copy a Journal entry to the clipboard (or to a + removable storage device shown on the bottom edge of the Journal + screen) by clicking on the Copy button. +- Duplicate button: You can duplicate a Journal entry by clicking on + the Duplicate button. +- Erase button: You can erase an entry by clicking the Erase button. + Caution: Once you erase an entry, it cannot be restored unless you + have backed up your Journal. +- Entry name: You can change the name of the entry by clicking it and + typing in a new name. +- Elapsed time: Displays the time since the most recent change to the + entry. +- Favorites Icon: This icon indicates whether an entry has been + starred as a favorite which can be done by clicking it. +- Thumbnail image: Each entry has a thumbnail image that is created + automatically. The image show the Activity screen when the last + change to the Journal entry was saved. +- Description field: You can type a description of the entry, which + you can find later using the Search box. Use a description to remind + you of what you did. For example: "Flowers I saw on the hike to the + waterfall". Or you can reflect on your work and process: what I have + done; how I have done it; and how successful these efforts have + been. "This was not easy, but I learned a lot about different types + of flowers in my community by speaking with my family". This is + important because these description can be shown in the reflection + Activity called "Portfolio". +- Tags field: You can enter search tags. Tags are keywords used to + describe a journal entry so that you can find it later using the + Search box. For example, if your project is for school, maybe + science class, and it is a report about local flowers, you could put + "science" and "flowers" as the tags. You can write as many tags as + you wish. You can also use keywords to help you "group" this entry, + for instance by origin or context. +- Participants: Displays the XO icons of each person who participated + in a shared Activity. + + +When resuming from the Detail View, you can choose among different +Activities. + +Using removeable media +====================== + + +When you insert removeable media—such as a USB device or SD card—it +appears as an icon on the bottom edge of the main Journal view. + +- Journal: Click the Journal icon to shows the Journal View. +- Documents folder: Click the Documents icon to show the contents of +- USB device: Click the USB icon (or SD icon) to show the + removeable-media file system. + + +You can drag entries from the Journal onto the Documents folder or +removable media (and vice-versa) + + +To remove (unmount) the external file system, choose Remove on the hover +menu. + +Caution: It may take time for the hover menu to appear. It is easy to +make a mistake and click the icon itself when you intended to click +Unmount. + +Caution: If you have a Terminal running you may inadvertently have your +removeable media locked. The safest way to remove media is after +powering off your computer. + +Sending Journal Entries via a Network +===================================== + + +The Journal allows you to send entries to other people who are using +Sugar via a network. In order to do this the receiving user has to be +registered as a friend in the Neighborhood View and be online. It does +not matter whether the laptops are connected via the Mesh-network, an +Ad-Hoc network, an access point, or a server. + +Note to parents and teachers +============================ + +The Journal keeps a record of everything a child does within Sugar: +which Activities they use and what content they create. It also keeps a +record of group Activities, such as participation in a shared Write or +Browse session. The Journal encourages reflection. You can refer to it +to assess a child's progress, much in the spirit of "portfolio" +assessment. In order to further support this reflection, Sugar offers a +Portfolio Activity, an assessment tool that utilizes the journal +content. You can reflect on you work: what I have done; how I have done +it; and how successful these efforts have been. Then you can create a +multimedia presentation to share with your peers, teachers, and parents +who can also reflect in return. + +You can also use it as a catalyst for discussion with your child or +student. We encourage the use of the description field within the detail +view of Journal entries as a place to annotate or comment up entries. diff --git a/source/keyboard.markdown b/source/keyboard.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e6e466 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/keyboard.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +% Keyboard: The Keyboard and Touchpad +% +% + + +TODO: \<We should have a picture of 1.5 rather than 1.0\> + +The keyboard and touchpad—which are dust and water resistant—have +special keys for additional functionality. Keyboards are designed for +each country, so your keyboard may not look exactly like the one in this +figure. Keys outlined in yellow are reserved for future features (such +as the "grab" keys and the "slider bar"). + +1. Escape key -- The escape key is labeled with an × symbol on a black + circle. The escape key is most commonly used in combination with the + control key to quit activities (ctrl + esc). +2. Tab key -- The tab key is labeled with arrows pointing right and + left. The tab key—in addition to its standard use—is used in + combination with the control, shift and alt keys to cycle through + open Activities. For example, alt + tab cycles forward through + running Activities. +3. Control key -- The control key is used in combination with other + keys to issue commands. For example, ctrl + c is used to copy to the + clipboard; ctrl + v is used to paste from the clipboard. +4. Shift key -- The shift key is used in combination with other keys as + a modifier, most commonly to shift between lowercase and uppercase + in Latin-based alphabets. +5. Fn key -- The function key is used in combination with other keys as + a modifier. For example, fn + erase is delete; fn + up arrow is page + up. +6. Alt key -- The alt key is used in combination with other keys to + issue commands. For example, alt + enter toggles full-screen mode; + alt + spacebar toggles the tray visibility. This example works in + the Browse Activity but not in the Record Activity. +7. Spacebar -- The spacebar key types a space. In the future, when used + in conjunction with the function key (fn), it will eventually view + the source code for the currently running Activity. +8. Alt Gr key -- The alt graphics key is used in combination with other + keys as a modifier, most commonly to select an alternative letter or + generate an accented character. The details of this functionality + vary from keyboard layout to keyboard layout: for example, on the US + keyboard, alt gr + j generates a € (euro sign); typing the character + "a" followed by alt gr + 4 generates á. +9. Arrow keys -- The arrow keys are used for navigation; combined with + the function key (fn), they are used for page up, page down, home, + and end. +10. Language key -- The language key is found on keyboard layouts that + combine Latin and non-Latin scripts. It toggles between scripts, so, + for example, one can switch between typing in English and Hindi with + a single keystroke. (On Latin-only keyboards, the language key has + been replaced by a × and ÷ key.) +11. Enter key -- The enter key—in addition to its standard use—is used + in combination with modifier keys. For example, alt + enter toggles + full-screen mode. +12. Erase key -- The erase key deletes the character behind the cursor + (backspace). fn + erase deletes the key in front of (or on) the + cursor. +13. Frame key -- The Frame key toggles the presence of the Frame on the + screen. The Frame is the black border around the screen that holds + the Activity taskbar, clipboard, wireless connections, battery + level, and so on. +14. Volume controls -- The volume keys lower and raise the audio level. +15. Brightness controls -- The brightness keys lower and raise the + brightness of the screen backlight. To turn the backlight off + completely may take 7-8 button presses. +16. View keys -- The four view keys, from left to right, take you to the + Neighborhood view, the Group view, the Home view, and the Activity + view. +17. Search key -- The search key takes you directly to the Journal and + places the text cursor in the search box. + +:author: + +> © Seth Woodworth 2008 +> +> Anne Gentle 2008 +> +> Brian Jordan 2008 +> +> Tom Boyle 2008 +> +> G Hunt 2012 diff --git a/source/launching_activities.markdown b/source/launching_activities.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b97e493 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/launching_activities.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +% Launching Activities +% +% + +You can launch an Activity in four different ways: + +- Click the Activity icon in the Home View. +- Resume your previous work with an Activity from the Journal. +- Join a shared Activity from the Neighborhood View. +- Accept an invitation by clicking the invitation icon on the Frame. + +When you launch an Activity, its icon flashes in the middle of the +screen while it loads. + +Once the Activity is running, you will be placed into its Activity View. + +Launching Activities from the Home view +======================================= + +To get to the Home View, + +- click the Home icon on the Frame +  + +- or press the F3 key. On the XO keyboard this key has a single dot + , and is one of the view + keys . + +Then click on the icon of the activity you want to start. If you aren't +sure you have the right activity, hover your cursor over the icon for a +few seconds and a label will appear with the activity name. + +If you've run the Activity before, clicking the icon will resume with +your last Journal entry. If you click the right menu button or hover the +cursor over the icon for several seconds, a menu appears with other +Journal entries you made with the activity, and an option to "Start +new". + +If you don't see the Activity's icon, click the menu icons (2) (3) to +change how the Home view displays activities. Or type part of the +Activity's name in the search box (1). + +In list view mode (3) you can click the star (4) next to an Activity's +name to add/remove it as a favorite. Favorite Activities appear in color +in the favorites view + +If the Activity fails to start, you will be returned to Home View. + +Resuming from the Journal +========================= + +Click the activity's icon or click Resume on its hover menu. + +You can also launch some journal entries in a different activity using +the hover menu. For example, you can resume an image you made in the +Paint activity in Etoys or Browse. + +You can click the first drop-down menu in the Journal to only show +certain kinds of entries or those made with a particular activity. + +Joining a shared Activity +========================= + +Click the icon or click an option on the hover menu. + +Joining an Activity by accepting an invitation +============================================== + +Click Join in the hover menu on the Frame. diff --git a/source/maintaining.markdown b/source/maintaining.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04de52a --- /dev/null +++ b/source/maintaining.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +% Maintenance: Maintaining your XO +% +% + +Although your XO is tough, try to keep it dry and clean. Here are some +tips for taking care of it: + +- Carry it carefully to avoid dropping it. +- Don't step on it or sit on it. +- If it gets dirty, wipe it with a damp cloth and dry it. +- Do not dip it into water. If it gets wet, such as from rain, let it + dry completely before using it. + +The XO laptop has no hard drive and only two internal cables. With care +it can be dissassembled for repair. For added robustness, the XO's +plastic walls are thicker than other laptops. Its green mesh network +antennae give a better wireless connection than typical laptops. Plus, +they double as external covers for the USB ports, which are protected +internally as well. Internal bumpers protect the screen display by +cushioning it. + +Sometimes, It happens that the keys you are pressing appear somewhat +dark shade of green or somewhat blackish. Remember, don't keep your hand +on a single key for long. And wipe it with clean cloth to clean it. + +Maintenance of the XO hardware involves updating the software and +firmware and keeping the case in working order. Please refer to the +Support section below for information on reflashing your XO. diff --git a/source/measure.markdown b/source/measure.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c85df5 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/measure.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +% Measure +% +% + +About +===== + +This Activity draws a picture of the sound heard by the internal +microphone or of the signal present on the microphone socket. More +specifically it draws a graph of this input versus time, the input is on +the vertical axis and time is on the horizontal axis. That is, the +laptop functions like a machine called an oscilloscope. + +As well as graphing signal as a function of time, Measure can also graph +as a function of frequency. + +The XO-1 laptop is only capable of mono input, the XO-1.5 and XO-1.75 +are capable of stereo input on their microphone socket and can graph two +signals at once. + +Using +===== + +1. Select secondary toolbar - allows the Activity's Journal entry to be + renamed +2. Select secondary toolbar - measurement settings +3. The selected input type - Sound (AC voltage), resistance or DC + voltage +4. The time scale +5. Freeze the display +6. Capture sample now - saves an image of the wave in the Journal +7. Stop - exits the Activity +8. Invert - invert the display +9. Use these sliders to control the sensitivity +10. The settings that are selected + +The secondary toolbar - measurement settings + +11. Sound - use this setting with the internal microphone, external + microphone and external AC signals + +12. Resistance sensor - use with external resistive type transducers + +13. Voltage sensor - use with external sensors which generate a voltage + +14. Time base/frequency - graphs the signal vs. time or graphs amplitude + vs. frequency + +15. Sample interval - a text file 'Measure Log' is saved to the journal, + it contains one sample per interval + +16. Starts/stops saving a text file 'Measure Log' with measured values + as readable text + +17. This feature is not working well in version 36, the intention is to + synchronise the sample period to the waveform so that the sample + will start on a rising edge or falling edge + +Applying +======== + +Let the children experiment with the internal microphone, try singing, +whistling, musical instruments, the Tam Tam musical Activity. The Turtle +Blocks Activity can generate an audio tone, see the Python Block. + +The children should learn through guided discovery that: + +- sound is a pressure wave +- the pitch of the sound is determined by the frequency or cycles per + second (Hz) +- the loudness of a sound is determined by the amplitude +- sounds contain multiple frequency components or harmonics +- the more pure sounds have less harmonics + +Sharing +======= + +This Activity does not support sharing. + +Extending +========= + +Measure is able to take input from a wide range of external sensors +including switches, photocells, temperature sensors, inductive loops, +hall effect sensors, soil probes and many more. + +Care should be taken not to exceed the allowable input voltage: + +> XO-1 -0.5 V to 5 V +> +> XO-1.5 -6 V to +9 V +> +> XO-1.75 -6 V to +9 V + +It is a good idea, particularly on the XO-1, to put a resistor of 680 +ohms in the phono plug, this increases the allowable input voltage +range. + +You can find ideas for fun science experiments at +[http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/TurtleArt/Using\_Turtle\_Art\_Sensors](http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/TurtleArt/Using_Turtle_Art_Sensors) +and +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Measure](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Measure) diff --git a/source/memorize.markdown b/source/memorize.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..34b0b40 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/memorize.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@ +% Memorize +% +% + +About +===== + +This Activity allows learners to take the learning process in their own +hands, as they play but also create their own games. The game has +matching pairs of what are clickable tiles, or blocks. The card pairs +are composed of text, sound or images. The children turn over the cards +to match words, words and sounds, words and pictures, or pictures and +sounds. There are a few default games loaded. These images, sounds and +text can be extended to animations or movie snippets. Players of +Memorize can play together across multiple machines. + +Using +===== + +**Single Player Mode** The following screenshot shows the single player +mode. The player has matched two pair. They are highlighted and shown on +the left side. If the pair of tiles do not match, the are flipped back +over. This player has found two matching pairs. The updated points are +reflected next to the player icon. The labels reflect these functions: + +1. Restart the Game +2. Load demo game - Select preloaded demo games from list. The current + game is called "addition". +3. Select the Grid Size +4. Load the demo game. This game is "addition". +5. Matched pairs show in the user color +6. Game board - Click tiles to flip over. If the pair of tiles match, + they are highlighted and shown on the left side. If the pair of + tiles do not match, the are flipped back over. + +How to play +----------- + +When you click "Load demo games" and select 'addition' from the +pull-down menu, you will get a grid of 16 squares. Each square in the +top two rows will be marked with the number 1; the squares in the bottom +two rows will each have the number 2. + +Each square in the top row hides a simple addition problem which you can +view by clicking on it. The answer to the addition problem is hidden +under one of the squares in the bottom two rows. There is no way to know +under which square, you must simply guess. Move the cursor down to your +selected guess, and notice that the bottom two rows are now 'live'--each +square is highlighted as you cross it. + +Creating a Game +--------------- + +To create a game, here are the features you need to know: + +1. New Game: Start a new game +2. Load Game: Load a game you have started +3. Save Game: Save your work +4. Game Name: Type the name of your game +5. Equal Pairs: The content details of the tiles are the same +6. Grouped Game: The content details of the tiles are different but + match in kind. You can label the first tile as 1 and second matching + tile as 2. Or you can allow the tiles to be displayed randomly. +7. Insert Picture: opens the journal to select an image file +8. Insert Sound: opens the journal to select a sound file +9. Click to Pronounce Text +10. Type in Text +11. Preview +12. Add +13. Update +14. Preview Matching Pairs +15. Delete + +Applying +======== + +**Create a Color Game** + +In this tutorial, you will learn how to create and play a Memorize +activity matching colors. The tiles are equal meaning each set is the +same, and you will learn how to upload an image and add text. + +**Preparation** Before beginning, save eight color fills using the Paint +activity. Use the Bucket tool to fill the color image and save. The +color image saved from the Paint activity is in rectangular in size. The +Memorize activity uses a square picture image aligned from the upper +left. + +1. Click the Create tab +2. Type in a Game name +3. Tick Equal pairs check box +4. Insert Pictures and Text + +**Create Color Tiles** + +1. Click Insert pi cture. +2. Select and click the image file with your color from the journal +3. Type \<color name\> in the Text box. +4. Click Add. The new pair of tiles are displayed on the left side. +5. Repeat steps until all pairs are added. +6. Click Save +7. To play the game go to the Play tab +8. Click the Load Game icon (a folder with an up arrow) +9. Select your game! + +**Create a Sound Game** + +In this tutorial, you will learn how to create and play a Memorize +activity matching pictures and sounds. The tiles are grouped meaning all +the pictures are numbered '1' tiles while the sounds are numbered '2' +tiles. You will learn how to upload an image and upload a sound. Before +beginning, save eight pictures using the Browse activity. Copy eight +matching sounds files from an USB memory stick and save to the Journal. + +1. Type in a Game name +2. Click grouped game +3. Insert Picture and Text + +1. Click Insert sound. The Journal opens. +2. Select and click the file name. +3. Click Add. The new pair of tiles are displayed on the left side. +4. Repeat steps until all pairs are added. +5. Click Save + +**Create a Spelling Game** + +1. First create a spelling words with record +2. Choose the Audio tab of Record +3. Set the duration (upper right corner of the Record interface) is set + to 15 seconds +4. Click the Record button +5. Say the first word of your spelling list +6. Click the Record button again +7. Wait while the Record activity saves your clip +8. Click the Record button +9. Say the next word on your list +10. Click the Record button to save your clip +11. Record and save the rest of the spelling words on your list +12. Go to Memorize and create a New Game by matching the text word tile + and the tile with the recorded sound files in your journal +13. Proceed with creating the game and matching sounds as you did in the + earlier Sound game. + +Sharing +======= + +To play these games with users on more than one XO, so that the turn +moves from one user to the other, when a user fails to make a matching +selection: + +1. Open the memorize activity and load the game you want to share on + the main XO +2. Click on “Activity” then in menu bar click on the circle with a + single dot +3. All the other XOs will see the memorize activity icon close to your + XO symbol on their neighborhood view +4. They can then join the activity by moving their cursor over the game + icon. + +Extending +========= + +There are a rich set of opportunities for extending these games to be +used for history, biology, music, science, early reading, mathematics +and others. The media objects available in Sugar, such as sound files or +images, as well as all the media objects available by transfer from a +USB, mean this game can be a powerful in many educational areas. diff --git a/source/my_settings.markdown b/source/my_settings.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1da6fa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/my_settings.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +% My Settings +% +% + +The My Settings page in Sugar is similar to a Control Panel or System +Settings window in other operating systems. It provides a way to set +various values needed by system functions, such as the language for +menus and messages, the keyboard layout for typing and otherwise +controlling the system, date and time values and format, and much more. + +To access My Settings, go to the Home view and activate the menu on the +central XO icon, either by hovering with the cursor, or by +right-clicking (O button on an XO). Then select My Settings. The +following view appears. + +My Settings page + +Click any icon to open the indicated control. If you make changes, the +window will offer you the choice whether to save (check mark) or discard +(x) those changes. It may be necessary to reboot the computer or restart +the Sugar session in order for the changes to take effect. + +About Me +======== + +View and change your XO colors and name. + +About My Computer +================= + +View technical information about your computer: serial number, software +versions (Sugar, firmware, wireless), copyright, and license. [edit] +Date & Time + +Set timezone for date and time display. + +Frame +===== + +View and set activation rules for the frame. Set the dial as to whether +you would like the frame to show up instantaneously (right away), never +or somewhere in between when you move your cursor to both the corner and +edge of your screen. + +Language +======== + +View and set user interface language. The language you are currently +using will show on line 1. If you click on the arrow at the end of the +line, you can select another language. Select from the menu by country +and language, or click the + icon by the last line to add another line. +If there are two or more lines, a - icon will appear by the last line to +allow you to delete it. + +Modem Configuration +=================== + +Enter settings for a mobile broadband connection to a cellular (3G) +network. Not required for WiFi. + +Network +======= + +View and change settings for turning off wireless in order to save +battery power, and view or set the jabber server name for collaboration. + +Power +===== + +Options for automatic power management, which extends the battery life, +and for extreme power management. Note: this will stop the wireless +function (the Internet) from working. + +Switch desktop +============== + +Switch from Sugar to GNOME desktop. GNOME is one of the most popular +desktop managers for Linux. Switching to GNOME enables you to use any +Fedora Linux software packages that your computer's storage and memory +capacity will accommodate, other than Sugar. From GNOME, you can return +to Sugar by clicking the Switch to Sugar icon on the desktop, or by +selecting this command from the GNOME Applications menu. + +Software update +=============== + +If you are able, check over the Internet for software updates, and +install any that are available. diff --git a/source/neighborhood_view.markdown b/source/neighborhood_view.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0bd09e --- /dev/null +++ b/source/neighborhood_view.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +% Neighborhood View +% +% + +Neighborhood View: Connecting to the Internet +============================================= + +You can use the Neighborhood View to connect to the Internet and to +collaborate with others. + + +To see the Neighborhood View, click the Neighborhood icon on the Frame. +You can also use the Neighborhood button for this purpose if your +keyboard has one, or press the F1 key. + +Neighborhood Elements +===================== + + +1. Search menu: You can find find people, Activities, or access points + (what connects you to the Internet) using the search menu. + +2. Ad-Hoc network icon: An ad-hoc network lets you connect to other + computers on a network. + +3. Access point: WiFi hot spots (Internet access points) appear as + circles in the Neighborhood view. If you hover over a circle, the + name of the network appears. Each circle has another color inside, + the more full the inside color, the better the connection. To + connect to a network, click the circle. If the circle shows a lock + symbol, expect to enter a key or password. The inside of the circle + blinks while your system tries to connect. Once you are connected, + an icon for the connection will appear at bottom right of the Frame. + To disconnect, hover over the circle, and choose Disconnect on the + menu. Or hover over the icon in the Frame, and choose Disconnect + there. (OLPC XO-1 Note: The XO-1 laptop has three mesh network + channels. By clicking on a mesh icon you join that particular mesh + network, and disconnect from an Access point network. The other XO + icons are shown will change according to who is on that network.) + +4. Shared Activities: Shared Activities appear as icons in the + Neighborhood View and you can join them by clicking the + corresponding icon. + +5. XO icon: Other Sugar users appear as XO icons. By hovering over + them, you can discover the nickname of that person and can add them + as a friend or invite them to join you in a shared Activity. + +6. Open access point: An access point which isn't protected by a + password. + +7. Connected networks: Once the computer has connected to a network + +:author: + +> © Walter Bender 2008 +> +> adam hyde 2008 +> +> David Farning 2008 +> +> Janet Swisher 2008 +> +> Janis Grinbergs 2008 +> +> Morgan Collett 2008 diff --git a/source/opening_the_xo.markdown b/source/opening_the_xo.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e66dcc --- /dev/null +++ b/source/opening_the_xo.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +% Opening the XO +% +% + +Opening the XO +============== + +You can open, flip, and close the XO to position it in different ways. + +To open the XO + +- Position the laptop with the handle away from you, and then rotate + both of the antennae towards you. + + +- Lift the front edge of the top of laptop, and then move the top + upward away from you. You can hear and feel a slight click as you + first lift the top. + + +To flip the XO +============== + +You can switch the XO so that the screen lies flat and covers the +keyboard. This lets you handle the gamepad buttons more easily or read +electronic books (ebooks), using the arrow buttons to page forward and +backward. + + +- Bring the display up to a 90-degree angle and rotate the antennae + down. +- Rotate the display 180 degrees until it is facing backwards. +- Fold the display down onto the keyboard. +- Press the rotate key to orient the display. + +:author: + +> © adam hyde 2008 +> +> Anne Gentle 2008 +> +> Caryl Bigenho 2008 +> +> Janet Swisher 2008 +> +> S Page 2008 +> +> G Hunt 2012 diff --git a/source/paint.markdown b/source/paint.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..893dc06 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/paint.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +% Paint +% +% + +About +===== + +This Activity allows users to create paintings or drawings. It can also +be used to edit images created by other Activities and the images it +creates can be imported into some Activities. + +Using +===== + +Starting +-------- + +You can start a new project or open an existing Paint project in the +Journal. You can also edit other images, in the Journal use the 'Start +with' menu item for images made with Record etc. + +Primary tool bar +================ + +1. secondary toolbar - display or change the name of the image that is + saved in the Journal + +2. secondary toolbar - edit + +3. tool properties + +4. brush tool + +5. erase tool + +6. flood-fill tool - fills an enclosed area with the color selected in + tool properties (if the shape you try to fill has gaps then the + whole screen may fill) + +7. color-picker tool - click on the screen to set the drawing color + +8. stamp tool - select an area with the select tool, then copy it with + the stamp tool + +9. select tool - drag to select a rectangular area of the screen, drag + again to move the selection. Also use with the edit toolbar (copy, + paste, clear), with the stamp tool or with the image toolbar + (rotate, mirror, scale, invert colors) + +10. secondary toolbar - shapes + +11. secondary toolbar - insert text, set bold, italic, size, and font + +12. secondary toolbar - image + +13. stop - quits the Activity + +Secondary tool bar - Edit +========================= + +1. undo + +2. redo + +3. copy area selected with the select tool to the clipboard (use this + to crop images, select the area you want, copy to the clipboard and + then select 'Keep' on the clip item on the left border of the + screen. The original image is unchanged and a new 'Image clipping' + item is saved in the Journal) + +4. paste from clipboard (the image is pasted in the top left, use the + select tool to drag to the desired place) + +5. clear the selected area + +Tool properties +=============== + +Changes the properties of the brush tool or the stamp tool + +When the brush tool is selected, changes the color, size and shape of +the brush tool. Also affects the shape and text tools. + +When the stamp tool is selected, changes the size of the stamp + +Secondary tool bar - Shapes +=========================== + +1. Shapes properties - set the fill color, aspect ratio, the number of + sides of stars and polygons (the border is set in brush properties) + +2. Ellipse (hold down shift for circle) + +3. Rectangle (hold down shift for squares) + +4. Line + +5. Free form + +6. Polygon (number of sides set in Shapes properties) + +7. Heart + +8. Parallelogram + +9. Arrow + +10. Star (number of points set in Shapes properties) + +11. Trapezoid + +12. Triangle + +Secondary tool bar - Images +=========================== + +1. Insert image from Journal + +2. Rotate selected area left + +3. Rotate selected area right + +4. Horizontal mirror selected area + +5. Vertical mirror selected area + +6. Scale selected area height + +7. Scale selected area width + +8. Convert selected area from color to gray + +9. Rainbow + +10. Invert colors in selected area (white -\> black, red -\> blue etc.) + +Applying +======== + +Paint is a versatile Activity with many uses such as: + +- creating drawings or paintings +- creating images for inserting into Write documents +- creating slides for a Portfolio Activity slide show +- creating images for using in other Activities including Turtle + Blocks and many more +- editing and cropping images made by other Activities including + Turtle Blocks and many more +- editing and cropping screen shots (take screen shots with Alt-1) +- editing and cropping photos taken with the Record Activity + +Sharing +======= + +Paint does not support sharing. You can use Turtle Blocks for +collaborative drawing. + +Extending +========= + +- take a photo of an animal with Record, crop the image with Paint, + use as a custom turtle in Turtle Blocks +- start a school newspaper, take photos with Record, crop with Paint, + import them into Write +- do a portfolio of your schoolwork, get screenshots (Alt-1) crop with + Paint and add explanatory labels then make a slideshow in Portfolio + Activity +- create a custom Memorize Activity Activity game, create the images + in Paint +- create custom cards for the Dimensions (Visual Match) Activity +- create custom foods for the Nutrition Activity +- create custom images for the Labrynth Activity (mind maps) +- create a web page with images from Paint +- take photos of plants or animals, crop the photos, label them +- take the output of SimpleGraph and use the flood-fill tool to make a + multicolored graph + +Developers' information +======================= + +**History** + +Oficina (the Paint Activity) was developed and adapted to the XO using +Python for the team NATE-LSI (Integrated Systems Laboratory), in the +Polytechnical School at University of São Paulo, Brazil. + +**Resources** + +[Sources](https://git.sugarlabs.org/projects/paint) + +[Sugar Activity Library +page](http://activities.sugarlabs.org/en-US/sugar/addon/4082) + +Where to report problems +======================== + +In [http://bugs.sugarlabs.org](http://bugs.sugarlabs.org), component +Paint. diff --git a/source/pippy.markdown b/source/pippy.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b0df55d --- /dev/null +++ b/source/pippy.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +% Pippy +% +% + +About +===== + +Pippy allows the student to examine, execute, and modify simple Python +programs. In addition it is possible to write Python statements to play +sounds, calculate expressions, or make simple text based interactive +games. + +Where to get Pippy +================== + +Pippy is included in the standard releases of the OLPC software. It is +available for download +[here](http://activities.sugarlabs.org/en-US/sugar/search?q=pippy&cat=all) + +Using +===== + +The left column is a list of python programs, which can be viewed, and +modified in the upper left window, and where the results of execution +are displayed in the lower right window. + +Learning with Pippy +=================== + +Etoys and Turtle art provide easy introduction to programming. Pippy +introduces a more traditional view of programming a computer, wherein +the instructions are first written to a text file, and then executed +with a "run" command. + +In particular, it is instructive to play with the sounds: + +1. Get the list of sounds by executing the Getsoundlist program +2. Copy the name of one of the sounds and replace the "digeridu" sound + name in Playwave program. + +Extending Pippy +=============== + +If Pippy is used in parallel with the Write Activity, it is possible to +develop larger programs. Copy the program that you develop in the Write +Activity by selecting all (\<ctl\>a) and copying it to the clipboard +(\<ctl\>c), then switch to the Pippy Activity, and paste (\<ctl\>v) it +into the code window. If there are errors that you want to correct, you +can make the changes in the code window, and immediately see the results +of your changes. Then by copying the changed program back to the +clipboard, you can paste it back into the Word Activity, and save the +changes to the Journal. + +Modifying Pippy +=============== + +The student can add small programs, and have them show up in the left +column of Pippy by adding files to +/home/olpc/Activities/Pippy.activity/data. There is a large number of +suggested examples of programs for Pippy at +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Pippy\#Examples](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Pippy#Examples). + +Where to report problems +======================== + +There's a range of ways to report problems. The easiest is to email to +the sugarlabs email list at +[sugar-devel@lists.sugarlabs.org](mailto:sugar-devel@lists.sugarlabs.org). +Someone on the list will respond to you, and perhaps also put a formal +bug report at [http://bugs.sugarlabs.org/](http://bugs.sugarlabs.org/). + +Or you can register at +[http://bugs.sugarlabs.org](http://bugs.sugarlabs.org)/ and enter a bug +report yourself. + +:author: + +> G Hunt 2012 diff --git a/source/portfolio.markdown b/source/portfolio.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a83ac7 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/portfolio.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,252 @@ +% Portfolio +% +% + +About +===== + +The Portfolio Activity creates a slide show from Sugar Journal entries +that have been 'starred'. + +Where to get Portfolio +====================== + +The Portfolio activity is included in OLPC images and available for +download from the [Sugar Activity +Library](http://activities.sugarlabs.org/en-US/sugar/addon/4437) + +The source code is available on the [Sugar Labs Gitorious +server](http://git.sugarlabs.org/portfolio). + +Using +===== + +Before you launch the activity, use the ☆ on the left of each Journal +entry to mark that entry for inclusion in the portfolio. The Portfolio +Activity will use the entry title as well as the preview image and +description. + +The title text, the preview image, and the description text from Journal +entries is used in the portfolio presentations. + +In the Thumbnail View, you can reorder the slides in your presentation +by dragging. + +With the Edit-description Button, you can directly edit a Journal +entry's description field. + +When running the activity, use the ◀ and ▶ buttons to step one-by-one +through the slide show. Use the auto-play button to start/pause a slide +show. The delay between slides can be controlled by the interval chosen +in the combo box. (The default is 10 seconds.) + +**Did you know that:** + +- you can record audio notes for each slide; the notes are played back + whenever the slide is viewed; +- the colors used in the background are taken from the XO colors of + the user; +- a warning is displayed if there are no starred entries in your + Journal; +- the slide show can be saved as an PDF document that can be shared; +- in the thumbnail view, you can reorder your slides (by dragging + them); and +- you can edit the descriptions for each slide (and save your edits to + the Journal). +- for group projects, try using the Bulletin-board Activity. + +The Toolbars +============ + +Main toolbar +------------ + +from left to right + +**Activity-toolbar Button** +: (toolbar described below) + +**Previous-slide Button** +: returns to the previous slide shown (also activated by typing + \<Ctrl-p\>) + +**Next-slide Button** +: goes to the next slide in the sequence (also activated by typing + \<Ctrl-n\>) + +**Auto-play Button** +: starts a slide show with a user-settable pause between each slide + +**Customize-toolbar Button** +: (toolbar described below) + +**Record-toolbar Button** +: (toolbar described below) + +**Portfolio-view Radio Button** +: used to switch to portfolio view (default) + +**Thumbnail-view Radio Button** +: used to switch to thumbnail view, where you can reorder the sequence + of the slides by dragging them + +**Full-screen-view Button** +: hides the toolbars (Return from full-screen by hitting the Esc key.) + +**Update-description Button** +: Used to edit the description of the entry currently being viewed + (Note: use the Save-annotations Button to make these edits + permanent). + +**Stop Button** +: used to exit the activity + +Activity Toolbar +---------------- + +**Activity name field** +: used to change the name of the activity (The name is used by the + save-to-PDF Button.) + +**Share Button** +: as shown, disabled (Portfolio Activity version since v27 support + sharing: joiners can add comments) + +**Reflection Button** +: used to write descriptions for the Journal entry of this instance of + Portfolio + +**Save-to-PDF Button** +: used to save a copy of your presentation to the Sugar Journal as an + PDF document + +**Save-annotations Button** +: used to save updates to the Journal entry descriptions + +Options Toolbar +--------------- + +**Timer Combo-box** +: lets you select a delay time between slides when using auto play + (Choose two-seconds, ten-seconds, thirty-seconds, or one-minute + delay). + +**Refresh Button** +: scans the Journal to pull in any changes made since the Portfolio + activity was launched. + +Recording Toolbar +----------------- + +**Record Button** +: used to record an audio note associated with the current slide + +**Playback Button** +: active when there is audio associated with the current slide + +**Save Button** +: active when there is a new recording to save + +Saving to PDF +============= + +Each time your launch the Portfolio activity, it will update to reflect +the current contents of your Journal. If you want to save a portfolio +that represents a particular moment in time (or you want to share your +portfolio with someone else), you need to save it as a PDF document. +Click on the "Save as PDF" Button from the Activity toolbar menu and the +content of the portfolio will be saved as a document in the Journal. + +**Tip:** Open your Journal to make sure the portfolio has been saved. + +**Tip:** You may want to copy the PDF file to a USB to open it in a +different XO, or any other computer, using the Browse or Read activity. + +Learning with Portfolio +======================= + +Most education experts agree that the best approach to learning involves +doing and then stepping back to reflect on the doing: What did I learn? +How can I use that? What questions do I have?1 By helping children to +ask good questions about the things they’ve done, as opposed to +remembering the right answers, we are helping them to build the critical +thinking skills that enable them to be independent problem solvers. +Without reflection, learning is an open loop, and an open-loop system +can neither identify and correct errors nor adapt to change. + +Sugar facilitates reflective learning by ensuring that everything a +child does is recorded in an electronic journal which includes screen +capture of a child’s work. After every activity, children are encouraged +to share their observations, which are recorded in an electronic +portfolio. From this record of activities, children can expand their +portfolio into a multimedia narrative that shows what they have done, +how they have done it and what their thoughts are on what they have +created—children essentially become curators of their own work. The +child’s process of telling about what they have learned as a “story” is +a simple way to help reflection become a norm in their education. + +By building upon the automatic accumulation of work in the Sugar +journal, the portfolio process can readily be integrated into the +classroom routine. It can be used as an assessment tool to help +teachers, parents, and school administrators understand better the depth +and breadth of what a child has learned.2 At a “portfolio social”, +parents could be invited to view presentations and ask children about +their learning. The classroom teacher can add addition assessment slides +to the portfolio addressing themes such as work habits and personal +growth. This can become part of an archive that travels with a child +across grade levels. Through juxtaposition, the child and teacher can +see what has changed over the course of the years, trends, and areas for +improvement. + +It is recommended that periodically (once per week, month, semester) +that the children are asked to select and edit items for a portfolio +presentation. For example, a weekly presentation could be made to +classmates; a monthly one to parents; and perhaps once per semester, a +school-wide presentation that makes all of the learning visible to +administrators and community members during a social event. + +Periodic PDF snapshots are also a great way to preserve a record of each +child's work, and as a vehicle for assessing progress. + +Extending Portfolio +=================== + +In addition to using Portfolio as a tool for reflection, it can be used +as a more general-purpose presentation tool. For example, a collection +of photographs can be annotated (by using the title and description +fields in the Journal detail view for each photo) and then made into a +slide show. The order of the slides can be modified from the Thumbnail +view. Modifying Portfolio + +Manuq made some mock-ups of other layouts. It would be fun to add +alternative layout options (or even add support for style sheets). + +See +[http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/Portfolio](http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/Portfolio) + +Another idea would be to add the ability to export video from Portfolio. + +Your suggestions for enhancements and/or use cases... + +A word to developers +==================== + +Reflection is an important part of learning and a good habit to +establish in general. An analog to writing descriptions in the Journal +-- the text that is shown in the Portfolio presentations -- is writing +commit messages in git. It forces you to stop, reflect, and then +articulate to others what you have done and why. + +Where to report problems +======================== + +You can report bugs and make feature requests on our bug-tracking system +(You need to create an account first). To list all open tickets of +Portfolio you can use query component=Portfolio. You are also welcome to +leave comments/suggestions on the Talk:Activities/Portfolio page. + +Credits +======= + +Portfolio was written and is maintained by User:Walter. He was inspired +in part by the work of BU Prof. Stefanakis. diff --git a/source/ports.markdown b/source/ports.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e00a89d --- /dev/null +++ b/source/ports.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +% Physical Features +% +% + +Features and Ports +================== + +The XO laptop has many built-in features. These include a camera, +microphone, speakers and wireless antennae. In addition, the laptop +allows for the attachment of other external devices. This is often done +by plugging the devices into connectors (some are more commonly referred +to as ports, jacks or slots). + +Backlit screen +============== + +The display functions in a full-color mode similar to other laptop +displays and in an ultra-low-power, ultra-high-resolution, +black-and-white mode that is readable in direct sunlight. + + +1, 2 - Built-in microphone +-------------------------- + +There is both a built-in microphone (and an external microphone jack, +which supports both AC and DC sources.) As a privacy measure, an LED +above the microphone (1) lights up whenever the microphone is in use. + +3, 8 - Built-in speakers +------------------------ + +Internal stereo speakers and an amplifier provide a way to play music, +videos, and anything you have recorded yourself. There’s also a jack for +external headphones or speakers. + +4 - Game pad +------------ + +Two sets of four-direction cursor-control keys can be game controllers. +Since they still function when the screen is folded down into e-book +mode, the XO creates a self-contained game playing pad including a +controller. + +5 - Screen rotate button +------------------------ + +A button on the XO laptop’s display frame changes the orientation of the +screen, so it can be viewed right-side-up from any direction. + + +6, 7 - Built-in camera +---------------------- + +The XO laptop has a built-in color camera, enabling still photography +and video recording. As a privacy measure, an LED above the camera (6) +lights up whenever the camera is on. + +9 - Game buttons +---------------- + +The game buttons can be used when the screen is folded down into e-book +mode, creating a self-contained game player. The buttons are labeled +with a circle, a square, a check, and an ×. These buttons are often used +by Activities. For example, the circle button can be used as the shutter +for the camera in the Record Activity. + +10 - Power button, indicator +---------------------------- + +From left to right: the battery-level indicator; the power indicator; +and the power button. Ports + +Along with offering unique connectivity options, the XO laptop can work +with a wide range of external devices. + + +Antennae ears +------------- + +When the wireless antennae "ears" are rotated up, they provide the XO +with a connection range vastly superior to those of conventional +laptops. When down, they keep dirt out of the connectors and act as a +latch. + +External headphones and microphone jacks +---------------------------------------- + +Along with built-in speakers and microphone, the XO laptop features +jacks for external headphones and an external microphone. + +USB/memory ports +---------------- + +The XO laptop features three external USB ports to support a variety of +plug-in peripherals (one seen in the photo above, and two others under +the other "ear"). Right side ports + battery + +Power jack +---------- + +The XO comes with a power cord that can be plugged into any +110-to-240-volt AC outlet for charging. The power jack also accepts DC +power from a solar panel for charging the XO laptop’s battery. + +SD memory card slot +------------------- + +There is a slot underneath the display that accepts SD memory cards for +photos, video, and other content. Rotate the display so that the +left-hand edge is over the keyboard—the slot is then accessible from +below. + +Rechargeable battery +-------------------- + +Since many children, maybe even you, live "off the grid" (in places with +poor or non-existent power infrastructure), the XO laptop is designed to +be extremely power efficient. + +:author: + +> © Seth Woodworth 2008 +> +> Anne Gentle 2008 +> +> Brian Jordan 2008 +> +> Tom Boyle 2008 +> +> G Hunt 2012 diff --git a/source/read.markdown b/source/read.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33ed392 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/read.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +% Read +% +% + +About +===== + +The Read activity allows the laptop to act as a book reader. It has a +simple interface, and will view many kinds of text and image-based +book-like materials. It will have particular strengths in handheld mode, +with extremely low power consumption and simple navigation controls. + +Read can read PDF files, EPUB files, text files and single-page TIFF +files. + +Using +===== + +The Read activity is launched by opening the Journal and choosing a PDF +document. PDFs downloaded from Browse can be opened in this way, as can +PDFs on an external storage device. The user may also start Read from +the Home page Favorites circle and select a file to read. The book opens +in a portrait orientation. + +Navigation +========== + +When the screen is in the upright position, the keyboard is available +for navigation as well as the directional pad and games keys. When the +screen is in tablet mode, the keyboard is not available. Make sure the +document canvas is selected (and not the tool-bar menu) by clicking +either in the page area, or pressing the TAB key until focus moves out +of the toolbar. + +**Keyboard Navigation:** + +- The arrow keys will scroll the page a few lines in any direction +- ALT + arrow keys, or screen direction pad, will scroll the page a + small amount in any direction +- FN + arrow keys up/down will move one page up or down (with a small + overlap to keep context) +- FN + arrow keys right/left will jump to the start or end of the + document +- The keys h, j, k, l also act as left, down, up, right + +**Screen GamePad and Directional Button Navigation** + +- The screen rotation key (the bottom key on the left side of the + screen) will turn the screen image to accomodate tablet use. +- The directional pad on the left hand side of the screen will also + scroll a few lines +- On the right hand side of the screen the gamepad buttons 'circle' + and 'cross' also act as page up and page down (with a small overlap + to keep context). +- The gamepad buttons 'square' and 'tick' act as a zoom in and zoom + out + +**Brightness Control** + +- The brightness can be increased or decreased with the keys +- Clarity is improved in tablet mode (turning the screeen and laying + it flaot) by using monochrome mode. Select CTL + Brightness keys to + turn it on or off. +- Monochrome outside is easier to view books (CTL Brightness Down) + +Applying +======== + +The GetBooks Activity provides a way to expand access to many of the +free books available worldwide. The 'My Documents' folder appears at the +bottom of the screen when you are using Journal. Books can be stored in +the My Documents folder for easier cataloging. diff --git a/source/record.markdown b/source/record.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..358b3fd --- /dev/null +++ b/source/record.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,218 @@ +% Record +% +% + +About +===== + +The Record Activity is used for recording audio and video and for taking +pictures. You will need to have a built in camera and microphone to use +these features. If your computer only has a microphone and no camera +then you can only use the Record Activity to record audio. + +Record can be used for : + +- Taking pictures +- Recording video +- Recording audio +- Stop-motion photography +- Time-lapse photography +- Creating 360° panoramas +- Viewing slide shows +- Storing extra information about audio, video, and pictures + +Record stores images and audio in the Journal, from which they can be +used by other activities, such as Draw, Write, Etoys, and Browse, as +well as Memorize and some other games. Also, images can be transferred +to a USB storage device from the Journal by "drag and drop". + +Taking Photos +============= + +You can use the Record Activity to take photographs of the world around +you. The screenshot below highlights some of the key controls available +in the main Photo Tab. + +Let's look at some specific details about the items highlighted above: + +1. This item shows the Photo Tab has been highlighted. This means that + the Record Activity is in photo capture mode and all of the controls + you see now reflect this. +2. Record allows users to set a timer before recording happens. In this + case, the timer is a pulldown menu that allows you to chose among + three options: "Immediate", "5 Seconds", and "10 Seconds". Delaying + the timer might be useful if you want to give yourself some time to + get to the right pose before the Record Activity takes a snapshot. +3. You often see a double arrow at the top right corner of your picture + window. This arrow puts record into full screen mode, where + everything is hidden except the picture window and the record button + (item 4 below). In full screen mode, you can navigate the pointer to + the top right corner and a similar icon pops up to allow you to + return to normal mode. +4. This is the button that tells the Record Activity to start + recording. In Photo mode, Record takes a snapshot of whatever is in + front of the camera. +5. The area between the left and right arrows is called the tray. It is + where previously recorded items are placed so that you can look at + them later on. + +Once Record successfully takes a photo, it shows up as an icon on the +tray. You can click the icon to view the photo and to update information +about that picture. + +In the Photo View screenshot above, item 1 shows how the tray displays a +history of your previously taken photos. When you click on a photo, you +are taken to the interface you see in the screenshot, which includes a +text field where you can name your photo (item 2). You also see the +image taken by your camera (in this case, the skyline of Chicago). Item +3 is a small output window of what your camera sees (in this case, a +very happy student!). If you click on this small window, you are +returned to the main photo screen from which you can take more pictures. + +Item 4 on the bottom right of your image is a little tab that allows you +to find out even more about the photo that was taken. The screenshot +below shows the new window that appears. Here, you can read and enter +new 'tags' for your image, and find out about when the picture was taken +and by whom. A tag is a single word that helps categorise or describe +the photo. + +As with the photo view window, you have the output of your camera on the +bottom left. You can click this to go back to taking photos. + +Video +===== + +When you click the Video Tab, the Record Activity goes into video +recording mode. Much of this process is very similar to recording +photos: recorded videos show up in the tray at the bottom, you can name +and tag your videos just as you name and tag photos, and you have many +of the same controls for going in to fullscreen mode and navigating +between video recording and viewing modes. + +The screen capture below helps us to highlight a couple of items that +are different or noteworthy in video mode. + +Notice that there are two control menus. Item 1 is a delay timer just +like the one used on photo mode: it lets you delay the start of +recording several seconds so you can get ready in front of the camera. +The duration menu (item 2) allows you to specify a maximum length for +your video. In the current implementation, you can record videos of 2, 4 +or 6 minutes. + +Once you are ready to record, click the button in item 3. When you +finish recording, you should see your video show up in area 4. You can +then click on the video to view it, name it, and update/view the tags +assigned to the video. + +Audio +===== + +The Record Activity also allows you to record Audio. To do so, you +simply go to the Audio Tab in the Activity. + +If you have a camera, an image appears in the picture window and looks +like live video. + +Don't worry... this is only saved as a snapshot to help identify your +audio recording. + +The controls for audio recording are virtually identical to that of +video recording. You have "Timer" and "Duration" controls that allow you +to specify when and for how long your voice is recorded. You also have a +tray at the bottom of the Activity that allows you to browse and view +details of previously recorded audio. + +To start recording press the button at the bottom: + +Your recording starts: + +You can either leave the audio recording to run until it is complete or +you can stop it by pressing on the same icon you pressed to start it. As +with the photo and video modes, you see an icon for your recording show +up once you are done. You can click this icon to edit the name and tags +assigned to your new audio recording. + +To replay the audio click the icon of the recording at the bottom of the +page. + +Sharing Media +============= + +You can share photos, video and audio recordings (these can just be +refered to as 'media') with your friends. To share media you must first +have some media in the bottom tray. In our example we have the image of +a Bison (see below) in the tray. Now select the Activity Tab on the left +and the Record Activity looks something like this: + +You then see on the right the text "Share with:". To the right of this +is a drop-down menu. Change the selection here to "My Neighborhood" as +shown: + +Others looking at the Neighborhood View see your icon with an 'eye' (the +Record Activity icon) next to it: + +Others can now join your Activity and you can share your media with +them. + +Joining the Record Activity +--------------------------- + +Once you have shared your Record Activity others need to do the +following to join. From the Neighborhood View, they need to click the +'eye' icon next to your icon: + +They must then choose 'Join' and their Record Activity opens with your +images in their tray. In the Record Activity, thumbnails of photographs +are shared. The photograph's frame is in the same colors as the XO icon +of the person who took the photo. + +On your Frame, you can see the icons of all of the people with whom you +are collaborating. You can also see their shared media. + + +You can exit a shared Activity at any time. + +Things to Try with Record +========================= + +You can easily take pictures and make videos by using a built-in camera +for still photography and video recording. You can also use the camera +for video conferencing, which involves talking to others on a video +screen knowing that the others can also view your video. + +You can express yourself with sound, images, and video using the cameras +and microphones. You are learning about light, observations, angle, and +perspective. By recording the sights and sounds around you, others can +learn about you, your culture, and environment. You can communicate with +your voice and pictures. You can tell factual or emotional stories with +film or pictures to help change perceptions or take action. + +You could also try some of the following : + +- Use the Record Activity to record your voice with a built-in + microphone. +- Take a photo of where you live by aiming the camera lens at your + home, and then clicking the circle icon. +- Record sounds of your city or town. +- Record and leave messages for your family. +- Teachers - record a message for parents. +- Interview your friends and record it to audio or video. +- Make a video diary. +- Open your photos in the Paint Activity and draw on them. +- Add your pictures to a story using Write. +- Upload a picture to Flickr or Wikimedia Commons. +- Attach a picture to an e-mail you send to a friend or family member. +- Take a picture of a flower or plant from the same place every day to + show how it changes. +- Take a picture of a baby animal every week to show how it grows. + +author +: + +> © Faisal Anwar 2008 +> +> adam hyde 2008 +> +> Caryl Bigenho 2008 +> +> Tom Boyle 2008 diff --git a/source/repair.markdown b/source/repair.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c5a36a --- /dev/null +++ b/source/repair.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ +% Repairs +% +% + +Your XO is built and designed for repair work to be completed with only +your hands and a screwdriver, and the case includes extra screws in case +you need them. Please refer to +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Disassembly](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Disassembly) +for important details on how to start on repairs. + +For photos and step-by-step instructions on repairing your XO or putting +replacement parts in, go to +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Repair](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Repair). + +Refer to +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Repair\_center\_locations](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Repair_center_locations) +to get to the most recent directory of repair centers, if you do not +want to repair your XO yourself. + +Recalibrating the touchpad on the XO 1.0 +======================================== + +If the pointer is not following your finger on the touchpad of a XO 1.0, +or if it jumps to the corners when you touch the touchpad, please try +this recalibration procedure: + +Hold down the three keys at one time: the upper left, upper right, and +lower right of the keyboard and the fourth key, fn, the lower leftmost +key, as the last one pressed, and then release them all. + + +If this doesn't help, try shutting down the laptop and removing the +battery for ten seconds before restarting. + +Finally, plug a standard USB mouse into your laptop to bypass the +problem. + +How to do a Keyboard Test +========================= + +Checking for keys that stay down or appear stuck + +Your XO must have a developer's key to do this keyboard test. Refer to +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Developer\_key](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Developer_key) +for more information about developer's keys. + +1. With the XO off, hold down the "check mark" game button (above the + power button) while pushing the power button. After start up, the + screen displays "Release the game keys to continue" and shows a text + diagram of which key is pressed. +2. Release the "check mark" game button. +3. Next, after you see "Type the Esc key to interrupt automatic + startup," press the escape key in the upper left hand corner of the + keyboard layout (a circle with an x). The XO displays an ok prompt. +4. At the ok prompt, type: + +> `test keyboard` +> +> and press enter. +> +> A blue keyboard map displays on the screen. + +5. Press keys one at a time to see the keyboard map turn the key light + blue. +6. If the display on screen shows a light blue key constantly, the + keyboard has a problem with that particular key sticking. Refer to a + repair center for full diagnosis and repair at + [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Repair\_center\_locations](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Repair_center_locations). +7. Press the the escape key (circle with an x) again to exit the + keyboard test. +8. At the ok prompt, type reboot to restart. + +Repairing damage to the keyboard +================================ + +If your keyboard becomes damaged, normally it has to be replaced. +Replacements are available through the repair centers. Information on +spare parts and repair centers can be found at +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Repair\_center\_locations](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Repair_center_locations). + +Troubleshooting the internal XO hardware +======================================== + +The XO can give you information about possible repairs that are needed. + +Start by pressing the power button for a second, and then answer the +following questions. Does the Power LED half-circle light up? + +When the power button is pressed once, and the power LED doesn't turn +on, first try resetting it. + +To reset the XO, remove all power sources from the laptop: + +1. Take the battery out and remove the power adapter. +2. Wait two minutes. This allows embedded hardware to lose all power + and reset itself. +3. Replace at least one source of power, either the battery or power + adapter, and watch the power/battery LED while you do so. + +The battery LED should flash orange momentarily (about a quarter of a +second) when power is first reapplied. If you do not see this flash, you +either have a motherboard hardware problem or faulty EC firmware +installed. Contact a repair center for assistance. + +If the power LED doesn't turn on or flash, but the laptop proceeds to +illuminate the backlight and even start, the problem may be either the +LEDs themselves or the power LED driver. The LEDs are in series, so if +one fails they may both fail to light. + +On rare occasions, the power button becomes stuck mechanically. In this +case, the laptop does not detect the depression of the power button, and +does not turn on. Ensure that the power button is moving freely by +pressing it a few times. + +If the battery LED flashed on restoration of power and the power button +isn't stuck, and no other signs of life are detected, then you can't +determine the reason for failure. Contact a repair center for +assistance. Does the display light up? + +After starting the XO and viewing the power LED, the next visible +feedback from the XO is that the display lights up. The LCD display +should be initialized with white, then begin to show text or graphics. +The backlight for the screen should be turned on, even if the backlight +was previously turned off. + +If this does not happen then the boot sequence may not be operating +correctly. Next, look at the Microphone activity LED to see if it is +lit. If the power LED and the microphone LED are both lit then a serious +boot error has occurred and you should contact a repair center for +assistance. Can you hear the startup sound when the XO starts? + +If the startup sound does not play, this usually indicates a problem +that a repair center needs to fix. Yes, the startup sound plays + +If the display doesn't initialize, but the boot sound plays, then this +is probably a problem with the display. No, the XO boots normally, but +no boot sound plays + +If no boot sound is played, but the machine boots normally and has +audio, it is possible that the default boot volume to has been changed +to 0. While the boot sound is playing, you can adjust the volume using +the volume adjust keys. This modified volume setting is saved and used +for future boots. Try increasing the volume right after starting the +laptop a few times, and see if the boot sound returns. + +If no boot sound is played, and the machine boots normally but has no +audio see +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/XO\_Troubleshooting\_AV](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/XO_Troubleshooting_AV). +Does the display remains blank after starting up? + +Sometimes the display is active (including backlight), but no text or +graphics appear. This problem can be caused by removing the power to an +XO while it is upgrading the firmware. You should contact a repair +center for assistance. Does the display say "Connect power to proceed"? +Sometimes a firmware update requires two sources of power, both a +battery and a power adapter. If this is the problem, provide both +sources of power and reboot. The XO should proceed with a firmware +update and boot normally. Is the display is showing an XO icon only? + +This means that the XO has started the startup process. + +You can see much more information about your Open Firmware by holding +the "check mark" game button (above the power button) after powering on. +That makes Open Firmware display more detailed messages about what it is +doing during the secure boot process (including early boot messages from +the Linux kernel). The messages are in English only. Is it showing an XO +icon with a serial number and three icons below it? + +If the laptop powers up, but stops when displaying the XO icon in the +middle of the screen, followed by a serial number (e.g. CSN74902B22) and +three icons (SD disk, USB disk, Network signal strength), it is looking +for its activation lease. This should eventually print "Activation lease +not found" at the top of the screen and power-off soon thereafter. + +The solution is to re-activate the laptop. Obtain a copy of the lease +(or a new lease) from your country activation manager, place it (named +"lease.sig") in the top-level directory of a USB key and boot the +laptop. See the "what to do with activation keys" section within: +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Activation\_and\_Developer\_Keys](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Activation_and_Developer_Keys). +Is it showing an XO icon with a "sad face" above it? + +This means that Open Firmware couldn't find a signed operating system on +the internal flash memory. Firmware bootup also looks on USB memory +sticks and SD cards for signed operating system software. + +Try upgrading or re-installing the software: +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Secure\_Upgrade](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Secure_Upgrade). +XO icon with a single dot below it? + +If the XO powers up, but stops when just displaying the XO icon in the +middle, with a single dot below it, it means that something was wrong +when the Linux operating system started. When this happens, try +upgrading or reinstalling the XO. If this has happened to the same XO +more than one time, consider a repair center for full diagnosis and +repair at +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Repair\_center\_locations](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Repair_center_locations). diff --git a/source/schoolserver.markdown b/source/schoolserver.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c60a8b --- /dev/null +++ b/source/schoolserver.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +% XS school server +% +% + +Overview +======== + +The XO school Server, or XS, is one of the products of the OLPC project, +designed to complement the XO laptop. The XS is installed on x86 +(Intel-compatible) computers. These could be conventional servers such +as rack-mounted computers, purpose-built low-power machines, or even +netbooks. + +The OLPC XS provides additional infrastructure extending the +capabilities of the laptops. While the laptops are self-sufficient for +many learning activities, other activities and services depend on the XS +providing connectivity, shared resources and services. The XS provides +XO machines with network connectivity for backups, anti-theft leases, +web browsing, system, content updates, and asynchronous collaboration +tools such as Moodle. + +Installation +============ + +Two installation options are available: + +1) XS installation CD (recommended): download and burn a CD image, and + use the resultant CD to install the system. See details at + [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/XS\_Installing\_Software\_0.7\#Installing\_from\_CD](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/XS_Installing_Software_0.7#Installing_from_CD) + +2) On top of another system (advanced): install the XS software + packages on top of an existing operating system installation. See + details at + [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/XS\_Installing\_Software\_0.7\#Installing\_on\_top\_of\_existing\_OS\_installation](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/XS_Installing_Software_0.7#Installing_on_top_of_existing_OS_installation) + +The installation is fairly straight forward and requires minimal +configuration after the intial installation to the XS hard drive. + +Configuration +============= + +Configuring the XS involves choosing a server domain name. The hostname +is always 'schoolserver'. So, using a domain name like example.org will +give you schoolserver.example.org. + +The XS has a fairly standard server-style networking setup. The XS +provides DHCP and DNS services to all the XOs connected to it via a +wireless access point. However, if the school already has its own +network running its own DHCP services, the XS networking can be modified +to work with the existing infrastructure. The XS can work with two +Ethernet cards, where one works as a WAN interface, while the other +works as the LAN interface. The XS can also work with a single Ethernet +card where it works as a LAN interface for schools without WAN +(Internet) connectivity. Optionally, such a server can provide WAN +connectivity using a USB-to-Ethernet adapter. + +Services +======== + +Collaboration +------------- + +The XS provides collaboration services across a variety of activities. +When XOs are connected to the School Server, the collaboration is +managed through the server and can be segmented by a classroom or a +group. While the user will not see anything different, the capacity of +collaboration will scale up considerably with a XS in the mix. + +Caching +------- + +The XS uses Squid to cache content locally. At sites where Internet +access is limited, slow or expensive, content caching helps in speeding +up acccess to content by making copies on the XS and serving these up +locally. + +Backup and Restore +------------------ + +The XS provides seamless backup services for each registered XO. The XS +checks to see the backup status of the Journal on each XO and backs it +up incrementally. Once the backups are made, these can be used to +restore a child's work back on her XO. + +Antitheft Controls +------------------ + +Antitheft controls lists all registered XOs in one location. +additionally, this feature offers rescue leases to laptops to +re-activate laptops in case of problems. If a laptop gets stolen, the +antitheft control feature shuts it down. + +Learning Management System +-------------------------- + +Moodle is a Learning Management System that provides the teacher with a +way to create a course, manage assignments and administer assessment +using a web-based interface. On the XO, the Moodle LMS is accessible via +the Browse activity. Moodle features include assignment submission, +discussion forums, file downloads, grade books, instant messages, +calendars, news, announcements, quizzes and wiki. + +:author: + +> © Sameer Verma and George Hunt 2012 diff --git a/source/starting_the_xo.markdown b/source/starting_the_xo.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a5197b --- /dev/null +++ b/source/starting_the_xo.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +% Starting the XO +% +% + +Starting the XO +=============== + + +To start the XO, press the Power button, near the lower right corner of +the screen. The XO takes about 30 seconds to start up. + +If the battery needs charging, the light next to the power button glows +red. Plug the AC adaptor into the left side of the XO and plug the power +cord into an outlet if you see the red light or if the XO does not start +up. + +If you have difficulty starting your XO, refer to the Repairing chapter +for ideas. + +Starting for the first time +=========================== + +After you press the power button and the XO initially starts up, the XO +sceen asks for your first name. The next time you start it, it remembers +your name and goes directly to the Home View. Later on you can learn how +to change to a nick name of your choosing. + +- Type your name. + + +- After you enter your name, click Next. (Use a finger on the touchpad + below the keyboard to move the arrow over the word "Next". Press the + key below the touchpad on the left with an "X" on it to "click".) + + +- Next, you see a small O on top of an X. This symbol represents you + when you use your XO. Use your finger on the touchpad to move the + arrow over the person symbol. "Click" this person symbol by pressing + the key with an "X" on the left below the touchpad to choose colors + that you like. + + +- After you chose your colors, click "Done." + + +Putting the XO to sleep +======================= + +When you are ready to stop using your XO for a while, you can put it to +sleep by pushing the power key you used to turn it on. The screen that +appears when you push the power button shows the two reasons for +sleeping; when you haven't been using it for a while, or when you push +the power button. + +TODO: \< we need a screen shot of the go to sleep image \> + +Shutting down the XO +==================== + +When you have finished using the computer, push the power key twice +within in 5 seconds. The first push will display the sleep window. The +second push will display the large stop sign. + +TODO: \< we need a screen shot of the stop sign image \> + +Forced Shutdown +=============== + +Whenever the XO becoumes unresponsive to the keyboard or the +touchscreen, you can make an emergency shutdown by pressing and holding +the power button for a few seconds. Be careful that your power button +does not get "stuck" in the down position. If it does get stuck, the XO +does not detect the depression of the power button, and does not turn +on. If this happens, refer to the Repairing chapter for information. + +:author: + +> © adam hyde 2008 +> +> Anne Gentle 2008 +> +> Caryl Bigenho 2008 +> +> Charles McCarthy 2008 +> +> A Holt 2008 +> +> Janet Swisher 2008 +> +> Sandy Culver 2008 +> +> Tom Boyle 2008 +> +> G Hunt 2012 diff --git a/source/sugar_ui.markdown b/source/sugar_ui.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b29ca0 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/sugar_ui.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +% The Sugar User Interface +% +% + +The Sugar platform encourages learning through personal expression. + +The user interface differs from the traditional Desktop metaphor. It +uses a "zooming" metaphor—each view represents a different scale of +interaction. You move between a view of the network "neighborhood", your +"friends", your "home page", and your currently open application +("Activity"). Each view occupies the entire screen. There are no +overlapping windows to deal with. + +With Sugar, you zoom between views: from your network neighborhood to +your current Activity. + +Sugar supports sharing and collaboration by default. Sugar brings many +of the rich collaboration mechanisms we are accustomed to from the +Internet directly into the user interface. Sharing a file, starting a +chat, collaborating in a writing exercise, or playing a game with other +people are never more than a single click away. + +Sugar incorporates a Frame around the border of the screen; the Frame +holds status information, such as alerts, a clipboard, open activities, +and your current collaborators. + +Sugar maintains a Journal (or diary) of everything you do; it is a place +for reflection. You do not need to save files or create folders; +Activities automatically save your work to the Journal. + +Sugar emphasizes discovery. Every object in the interface has a menu +that reveals more details and options for action. Many Activities +include a "view source" option; for example, the Browse activity lets +you examine the HTML code that reveals how a web page is created. Most +Activities are written in the Python scripting language. You can see how +they work, and make changes to them. + +Sugar has clarity of design. There is no need to "double click". There +are no overlapping windows. Sugar uses color and shape throughout the +interface to provide a fun, expressive, approachable platform for +computing. + +For parents and teachers +======================== + +**Activities, not Applications** + +Sugar does not have applications in the traditional sense. Activities +are distinct from applications in what they focus on (collaboration and +expression) and in their implementation (journaling and iteration). This +is more than a new naming convention; it represents an intrinsic quality +of the learning experience we hope the children will have when using +Sugar. + +**Presence is always Present** + +Everyone has the potential for learning and teaching. Sugar puts +collaboration at the core of the user experience in order to realize +this potential. The presence of other learners encourages children to +take responsibility for others' learning as well as their own. The +exchange of ideas amongst peers makes the learning process more engaging +and stimulates critical thinking skills. Sugar encourages these types of +social interaction with the laptops. + +Most activities have the potential to become network enabled. For +example, consider the Browse activity. With typical computer interfaces, +you browse in isolation. In Sugar, sharing links is an integral part of +Browse, transforming web-surfing into a group collaboration. + +**Tools of Expression** + +Sugar emphases thinking, expressing, and communicating using technology. +Sugar starts from the premise that we want to use what people already +know in order to make connections to new knowledge. Computation is a +"thing to think with". Sugar makes the primary activity of the children +one of creative expression, in whatever form that might take. Most +activities focus on the creation of some type of object, be it a +drawing, a song, a story, a game, or a program. In another language +shift describing the user experience, we refer to objects rather than +files as the primary stuff of creative expression. + +As most software developers would agree, the best way to learn how to +write a program is to write one, or perhaps teach someone else how to do +so. Studying the syntax of the language is useful, but it doesn't teach +one how to code. We apply the principle of "learning through doing" to +all types of creation. For example, we emphasize composing music over +downloading music. We also encourage the children to engage in the +process of collaborative critique of their expressions and to iterate +upon this expression as well. + +Turning the traditional file system into objects speaks more directly to +real-world metaphors: instead of a sound file, we have an actual sound; +instead of a text file, a story. In order to support this concept, +activity developers can define object types and associated icons to +represent them. + +**Journaling** + +The concept of the Journal, a written documentation of everyday events, +is generally understood, albeit in various forms across cultures. A +journal typically chronicles the Activities one has done throughout the +day. We have adopted a journal metaphor for the file system as our +approach to file organization. The underlying implementation of the +journal does not differ significantly from file systems in contemporary +operating systems. The file system layout is less important than the +journal itself. + +The journal embodies the idea of storing a history of the things a child +has done and the activities a child has participated in. The child, +parent, and teacher can reflect on the journal to assess progress. + +The Journal stores objects created while the student runs an Activity. +This function is secondary, although important. The Journal naturally +lends itself to a chronological organization. Objects in the Journal can +be tagged, searched, and sorted by a variety of means. The Journal +records what a child has done, not just what the child has saved. The +Journal is a portfolio or scrapbook history of the child's interactions +with the machine and also with peers. + +The Journal includes entries explicitly created by the children with +entries that are implicitly created through the child's participation in +an Activities. Developers must think carefully about how an activity +integrates with the Journal more so than with a traditional file system +that functions independently of an application. The Activities, the +objects, and the means of recording all tightly integrate to create a +different kind of computer experience. + +author +: + +> © Walter Bender 2008 +> +> adam hyde 2008 +> +> Brian Jordan 2008 +> +> David Farning 2008 +> +> Janet Swisher 2008 +> +> Rob Mason 2008 diff --git a/source/switching_activities.markdown b/source/switching_activities.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4391012 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/switching_activities.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +% Switching Activities +% +% + +You can switch between Activities in two ways: + +- In the Frame, click the icon of the Activity you want to switch to. +- Hold down alt + tab at the same time to cycle through your open + Activities until you reach the one you want. + +pressing again + +pressing again diff --git a/source/tamtammini.markdown b/source/tamtammini.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10d1ef3 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/tamtammini.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ +% TamTam +% +% + +About TamTamMini +================ + +Welcome to TamTamMini! This chapter of the Users manual is about +TamTamMIni which is part of a suite of four musical Activities for use +on the XO computer. Each of the four Activities is a bit different. In +general they require increasingly higher levels of musical skill to use. + +**TamTamMini** is the simplest of the four TamTam Activities but it +offers a surprising variety of sophisticated features. It is simple +enough to have fun with and suitable for ages 2 -92! Yet, it is complex +enough to let you experiment. It can be used by a single XO laptop or +more but does not utilize the mesh network. + +You can begin by choosing an instrument or sound and experimenting with +playing simple scales and songs using the XO's QWERTY keyboard. This +manual will help you learn to do that. + +For more about TamTamMini, including how to use the Drum Machine and +Loops, see the "[Fun With +TamTamMini](http://booki.flossmanuals.net/fun-with-tam-tam/_full/)" +FLOSS manual. + +**TamTamJam** is more complex than TamTamMini, but still suitable for +school age children and adults. It has a different main screen but the +same instruments and is designed for performance. You can record small +melodic phrases and can combine several customizable loops. You can also +share the beat with other XOs through the mesh network. + +**TamTamEdit** is the basic TamTamActivity and must be installed in +order to run any of the other Tam Tan Activities. It has much more +sophisticated loops where you can choose instruments, pitches and the +duration of notes on five different tracks. It offers almost 100 +different musical sounds and a limitless variety of musical styles. + +**TamTamSynthLab** is a highly sophisticated synthesizer program +suitable for advanced work in both music and physics. + +Starting TamTamMini +=================== + +Select the TamTamMini icon (little drum with drumsticks)from the +Favorites View. If you aren't sure you have the right Activity, hover +your cursor over the icon for a few seconds and, a little label that +says "TamTamMini" will appear. + +If you cannot find TamTamMini, change to the List View + +When you find it in List View first check the little star next to the +name of the Activity. If it is not filled in, click on the star so you +can move it to the Favorites View. In either view, when you find the +icon, click on it to open Tam Tam Mini. + +Learning With TamTamMini +======================== + +Choosing An Instrument +---------------------- + +TamTamMini offers a wide variety of instruments and sounds. Before +choosing the instrument you will use in these explorations, take time to +try all of the sounds. If you hover your cursor over one of the +pictures, the name of the instrument or sound will appear. Click on the +picture and you will hear the sound. Clicking again repeats the sound. + +After trying all of the sounds, choose the instrument you will use. +Please choose a wind instrument or a bowed string instrument to get a +sustained sound as you work. Later, after you understand how Tam Tam +Mini works, you can play with all of the other sounds. Some instruments +that work well for this include the trumpet, flute, violin, or cello. +Other wind and bowed instruments will also work fine. + +Introduction To The Keyboard +---------------------------- + +TamTamMini utilizes the regular keyboard to play the musical notes. This +can be confusing to people who have studied music before as the +traditional names of the notes will not match the letters, numbers and +symbols on the keys. For this reason, we suggest you use a "movable Do" +where a major scale becomes Do-Re-Mi-Fa-Sol-La-Ti-Do. Note: Some +countries replace the "Ti" with "Si." + +Playing A Major Scale +--------------------- + +In most western music a 7 note scale is used and then the names of the +notes start over on the eighth note. We call this an octave. +Interestingly the eighth note, which has the same name as the first one +has exactly twice as many vibrations per second as the first note. + +Use the instrument you have chosen to try playing a 2 octave major scale +using these keys on the XO keyboard. We have included the Do-Re-Mi +syllables for you as well. + +(First Octave) + +Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do + +> Z X C V B N M , + +(Second Octave) + +Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do + +> Q W E R T Y U I + +Note: "Do" is repeated in the second line. Leave one out if you like. +You may also want to practice the scale a bit until you feel comfortable +with it. + +Playing A Simple Song +===================== + +When you feel comfortable playing the 2 octave major scale, try this +simple song. We think you may recognize it. The little line added to +some of the Do-Re-Mi syllables indicates you hold that note twice as +long as the other notes. (Example: Mi\_\_\_) + +Mi Re Do Re Mi Mi Mi\_\_\_ + +C X Z X C C C\_\_\_ + +Re Re Re\_ Mi Sol Sol\_\_\_ + +X X X\_\_\_ C B B\_\_\_ + +Mi Re Do Re Mi Mi Mi Mi + +C X Z X C C C C + +Re Re Mi Re Do\_\_\_ + +X X C X Z\_\_\_ + +**Challenge:** Play this same song using QWERT for the notes. + +**Challenge:** If you have more than one XO player, try with the same +instrument but one using the ZXCVB keys and the other using QWERT. +Experiment with other combinations of instruments to see how they sound +together. + +**Challenge:** Chords are formed when 3 or more different notes are +played at the same time. This happens when you strum on a guitar, +ukulele, or similar instrument. Three or more wind or string instruments +can combine to play chords together too. Here are 3 simple chords you +can play using the notes you already know. In music these chords also +have names based on the steps of the scale the main note is on, this is +not always the lowest note. For example, a note with Do as the main note +will be called a I (Roman numeral one) chord and a chord based on Sol +will be called a V (Roman numeral five) chord. + +Try these: + +`Sol B La N Ti M Sol T` + +`Mi C Fa V Fa B Mi E` + +`Do Z Do Z Re X Do Q` + +`I IV V I` + +Playing Other Songs +=================== + +Here is another song already figured out for you to try. It is an old +European children's folk song. It was so popular that two famous +composers, Mozart and Haydn, both it to use in their music. + +Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star + +Do Do Sol Sol La La Sol\_\_\_\_ + +Z Z B B N N B\_\_\_\_\_ + +1 2 3 4 1 2 3\_\_\_\_4 + +Fa Fa Mi Mi Re Re Do\_\_\_\_ + +V V C C X X Z\_\_\_\_\_ + +1 2 3 4 1 2 3\_\_\_\_4 + +Sol Sol Fa Fa Mi Mi Re\_\_\_\_ + +B B V V C C X \_\_\_\_\_ + +1 2 3 4 1 2 3\_\_\_\_4 + +Sol Sol Fa Fa Mi Mi Re\_\_\_\_ + +B B V V C C X \_\_\_\_\_ + +1 2 3 4 1 2 3\_\_\_\_4 + +Do Do Sol Sol La La Sol\_\_\_\_ + +Z Z B B N N B\_\_\_\_\_ + +1 2 3 4 1 2 3\_\_\_\_ 4 + +Fa Fa Mi Mi Re Re Do\_\_\_\_ + +V V C C X X Z\_\_\_\_\_ + +1 2 3 4 1 2 3\_\_\_\_ 4 + +Challenges +---------- + +Try to figure out other simple songs on the XO. Write them down to help +you remember the notes and to share them with other people. + +If you have enjoyed working with TamTam Mini, you can find more +information and ideas in the FLOSS manual, "Fun With TamTamMini" which +will be available soon. + +Note: This introduction to TamTamMini has focused on the Major Scale +which is commonly used in music with a European heritage. To learn about +the Pentatonic Scale, which is used in folk music of almost all cultures +worldwide see the FLOSS Manual, "Fun With TamTamMini," where it is +included. diff --git a/source/terminal.markdown b/source/terminal.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2e2e674 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/terminal.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +% Terminal +% +% + +About +===== + +Terminal is a full-screen text mode program that provides a Command-Line +Interface (CLI) to the software on a Linux system, such as the Fedora +Linux that Sugar on the XO is based on. Users type (sometimes cryptic) +commands to perform file management, system administration, or in fact +almost anything that can be done within Linux that does not involve +graphics or video. + +For example, typing **pwd** (Print name of current/Working Directory) at +the command line in the home directory gives that location as +/home/olpc, and typing **ls** at the command line in /home/olpc in a +fresh installation of Sugar 0.94.1 in English results in this listing of +its contents. + +Where to get Terminal +===================== + +Terminal is provided with Sugar on every XO. However, by default it is +not selected for display in the Home view as a Favorite. + +- To select Terminal as a Favorite, go to Home view, then click the + List view icon. Type Te into the search box. Click the star next to + Terminal. When you switch back to the ring of icons in Home view, + Terminal will be visible. + +- Alternatively, you can leave Terminal unselected, and start it from + list view by clicking its icon or selecting Start from its hover + menu. + +If for some reason Terminal is not installed, it can be downloaded from +its [Activity +page](http://activities.sugarlabs.org/en-US/sugar/addon/4043) + +Using +===== + +- Type commands with options that modify their effects and arguments, + usually file names or other indications of where to get input and + where to put output. + +Examples: pwd and ls, as shown above + +- Chain programs together, so that the following program processes the + output of the earlier program. + +<!-- --> + + ls | grep "Sugar" + +Get a listing of the current directory, but show only lines where the +file or directory name includes the text "Sugar". The | symbol, read +pipe, represents the data link between the programs. + +- Get information on programs. For example, many commands respond to + the -h or --help options with a concise summary. + +<!-- --> + + grep -h + Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]... + Try `grep --help' for more information. + +The man and info utilities are unfortunately not available on XOs, but +will undoubtedly be included in Sugar whenever the XO of that time is +capacious enough for all of the manual and information pages in all of +the supported languages. + +The Toolbars +============ + +- Activity: Name this session, Exit +- Edit (scissors icon) Copy and Paste +- View (eye icon) Increase or Decrease font size; Full Screen +- Tabs: Open new tab; Close current tab; Next tab; Previous tab + +Learning with Terminal +====================== + +Terminal is essential to learning advanced Linux functions, such as +system administration, compiling software, and many other such topics. + +Extending Terminal +================== + +Users have the option of installing text-mode software that works in a +terminal window. Examples include text editors such as pico, or file +managers such as Midnight Commander. MC simplifies many command line +activities for the user, providing equivalents to many command in menus +and text windows. To install mc, enter + + yum install mc + +This invokes the Yellow Dog Update Manager to install the Red Hat/Fedora +package for mc, including the program, documentation, and other files. +Then the user can type mc at the command line and get a two-panel +display of files in the same or different directories, together with +function buttons and menus for creating and deleting directories, moving +or copying files, viewing or editing files, changing file permissions, +and much more. + +See the FLOSS Manuals manuals + +- [Terminal](http://en.flossmanuals.net/terminal/) about the Sugar + Terminal activity +- [Introduction to the Command + Line](http://en.flossmanuals.net/command-line/) for a user's + tutorial on command line functions + +Credits +======= + +- Sayamindu +- Wadeb +- Activity Team diff --git a/source/troubleshooting_connectivity.markdown b/source/troubleshooting_connectivity.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..97ea6cf --- /dev/null +++ b/source/troubleshooting_connectivity.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,221 @@ +% Troubleshooting Connectivity +% +% + +You can look at +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Support\_FAQ](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Support_FAQ) +for many technical troubleshooting tips, but you should read through all +the information on this page to troubleshoot the wireless connectivity +yourself. Understanding wireless router configuration + +Connect your router to any computer, and then use a web browser to view +the router's configuration page and change the router's settings. + +Here are some common router manufacturer's administrative addresses, +usernames, and passwords used for configuring router information. To +find a more complete list, you may try visiting another computer that +has an internet connection (for example, the local library) and +searching the Internet for router default logins. Router + + ----------------------------------------------------------- + Manufacturer Address Username Password + ------------- --------------------- ----------- ----------- + 3 Com [http://192.168.1.1]( admin admin + http://192.168.1.1) + + D-Link [http://192.168.0.1]( admin + http://192.168.0.1) + + Linksys [http://192.168.1.1]( admin admin + http://192.168.1.1) + + Broadband [http://192.168.2.1]( admin admin + http://192.168.2.1) + + Netgear [http://192.168.0.1]( admin password + http://192.168.0.1) + + Gateway2Wire [http://192.168.1.254 + ](http://192.168.1.25 + 4) + ----------------------------------------------------------- + +If you are unable to connect a computer to your router to do this, call +your Internet Service Provider and ask them for assistance. They should +be able to access your router remotely, get the needed information for +you, and even make any needed changes. + +Your wireless router settings may contain Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) +or Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) for security protection. Find out which +type of security it uses and the passphrase either by asking your ISP or +by using the router's configuration pages. + +Based on the type of security system being used (WPA or WEP), the +Wireless Key type varies. For WPA, you use a Passphrase key (for +example, "password", "tHisisAp4ssword"). For WEP, use either a Hex key +(for example, "4f4c504321", usually all keys that consist of only of 0-9 +and a-f) or its corresponding ASCII key ("OLPC!"). 40-bit Hex keys are +10 letters/numbers long, corresponding to 5 letter/number ASCII keys. + +Common connectivity problems and solutions +========================================== + +Inability to connect with an Access Point from the Neighborhood View is +the most commonly reported symptom. The symptom is usually a flashing +circle icon where the access point circle icon never appears in the +Frame or the circle's menu never contains "Connected." This flashing +animation indicates the XO is trying to connect, but the lack of +connection indicators tells you that it fails to connect. If this +happens, try the troubleshooting suggestions just below. Is the wifi +hotspot dot visible in the Neighborhood View? + +Go to the Neighborhood View and type the name of your SSID in the Seach +box to highlight your access point. Each circle network icon represents +a Service Set Identifier (SSID). On one of the icons in the Neighborhood +View, you should see your Wi-Fi hotspot's network name. + + +If you cannot see the network name there may be a few reasons for this, +so continue troubleshooting. + +Is the name of the network a hidden SSID? +========================================= + +If your SSID/Network Name is set to be Hidden in the router +configuration, it is not possible for the XO to connect to your wireless +network through the Sugar User Interface. + +You may connect manually by typing commands in the Terminal Activity. To +do so, launch the Terminal Activity and type these commands: + + su -l + /sbin/iwconfig eth0 mode managed essid myhiddennetwork + /sbin/dhclient eth0 + +As an explanation, the su command creates a root process. The iwconfig +command connects to your hidden network (of course, substitute the name +of your access point for the string myhiddennetwork in the above +example). Finally, dhclient asks for an IP address from the access +point. + +Is your Wi-Fi router filtering connections based on a MAC Address? +================================================================== + +You can prevent other computers from using your wireless router by +configuring it to filter by MAC Address. A MAC Address is a unique +address embedded in your computer's network adapter. While MAC address +filtering is not a secure method of protecting a network, some routers +use it, and it could prevent your XO from using that access point. + +To fix a filtering problem, you can find the MAC Address and add it to +the list of allowed computers that can connect with the wireless router. + +To do so, launch the Terminal Activity and type these commands: + +:: + +/sbin/ifconfig -a eth0 + +The MAC address is in the first line next to the HWAddr tag: and is in +the form of "00:17:C4:XX:XX:XX" + +In the WiFi router configuration for filtering, add the MAC Address you +found with the ifconfig command. + +Is your WiFi router configured to support 802.11b or 802.11g or both? +===================================================================== + +Read the documentation for your wireless router to determine how to +configure it for 802.11g support, or to determine if it is using the +802.11g protocol. In this example, the Mode drop-down list is where you +would look for protocol settings. It may not work to have both g and b +modes as shown, so try different configurations to see if another +configuration works. + +Are the access point settings not in channels 1, 6, or 11? +========================================================== + +Is your access point working on another channel that is not in 1, 6, or +11? For some older builds, the XO expects to find access points in one +of these three channels, the three non-interfering channels available to +802.11g wireless protocol. + +Try changing your access point to one of the three channels and check if +you can associate your XO to it. Refer to your access point's +documentation for information on changing the frequency channel that +your access point broadcasts on. This image shows an example of the +settings for a wireless router. The Channel field is where you change +the frequency setting. + +Why can't the XO Browse when connected? +======================================= + +Symptom: Your XO shows that your Internet connection is working, but you +cannot browse or search any pages. + +Most likely, the XO has failed to receive DNS information from your +internet access point. If this is the case, you would be able to access +the Internet for sites named directly with IP addresses but not their +common names. In other words, +[http://209.85.133.18](http://209.85.133.18) would work but +[http://www.google.com](http://www.google.com) would not. + +Verify what the XO has received (from the Internet access point) for DNS +information by using the Browse Activity and looking at this URL: + +[file://localhost/etc/resolv.conf](file://localhost/etc/resolv.conf) + +This page should show the IP address of the DNS server assigned by the +Internet access point. If there isn't an IP address on this page, or if +the IP address assigned is wrong, this would account for the behavior +you're seeing. + +If there is no IP address, or the address is wrong, you'll need to +determine why the Internet access point is failing to supply one, but +this is likely to be misconfiguration of the access point. + +Connecting to the Internet without wireless access +================================================== + +If you cannot successfully or consistently connect to the Internet using +Wi-Fi, you can use a USB-to-Ethernet connector to hook up to a wired +connection rather than wireless. Examples of products that have worked +for other users include the Linksys USB100M and the Zoltan Tech USB2.0 +Fast Ethernet adapter, which cost about USD \$10-\$25. + +If you want to connect to your XO wirelessly with a dial-up connection, +you can do it with an older version of Apple's Airport Extreme (A1034). +Apple no longer sells them, but they are available on the Internet for +between \$18 and \$36. Be sure the one you get has a port for the phone +line, and preferably, with a phone cord included. Directions for +connecting with it are on the Wiki at +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Wifi\_Connectivity\#Apple\_Airport](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Wifi_Connectivity#Apple_Airport). +Connecting while traveling + +Your XO makes a wonderful traveling companion. You can connect to a wide +variety of public WiFi sites often found in community centers and +libraries, even in restaurants and hotels. All you will need to do is to +obtain a correct password and log on according to the instructions +above. Many places will not require a password to connect and the +process will be even easier. Remember, however, that passwords provide +an extra layer of internet security. Without them, you run a slightly +higher risk of experiencing some type of Internet fraud. + +author +: + +> © adam hyde 2008 +> +> Anne Gentle 2008 +> +> Brian Jordan 2008 +> +> Caryl Bigenho 2008 +> +> A Holt 2008 +> +> Sandy Culver 2008 +> +> Tom Boyle 2008 +> +> G Hunt 2012 diff --git a/source/turtleart.markdown b/source/turtleart.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7be06c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/turtleart.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,569 @@ +% Turtle Art +% +% + +About +===== + +Turtle Art, also known as Turtle Blocks, is an activity with a +Logo-inspired graphical "turtle" that draws colorful art based on +snap-together visual programming elements. Its "low floor" provides an +easy entry point for beginners. It also has "high ceiling" programming, +graphics, mathematics, and Computer Science features which will +challenge the more adventurous student. + +Where to get Turtle Art +======================= + +Is included in the OLPC image, and can be downloaded from the [Sugarlabs +Activities +repository](http://activities.sugarlabs.org/en-US/sugar/addon/4027) + +Using Turtle Art +================ + +Start by clicking on (or dragging) blocks from the Turtle palette. Use +multiple blocks to create drawings; as the turtle moves under your +control, colorful lines are drawn. + +You add blocks to your program by clicking on or dragging them from the +palette to the main area. You can delete a block by dragging it back +onto the palette. Click anywhere on a "stack" of blocks to start +executing that stack or by clicking in the Rabbit (fast) , Turtle (slow) +or Bug (debug) buttons  on +the Project Toolbar. + +Toolbars +======== + +Main Toolbar +------------ + +From left to right: + +- Activity toolbar (includes sharing; saving/loading options); +- Edit toolbar (including copy and paste); +- View toolbar (including full-screen, coordinate overlays; turtle + status, etc.); +- Palette toolbar (including all programming blocks); +- erase canvas; +- run project fast (rabbit); +- run project slow (snail); +- stop project; +- save a snapshot (save a copy of the current state of the project); +- load examples; +- display help palette; +- stop activity + +Keyboard short cuts for the above: Alt+ palette; blocks; run; walk; +stop; erase; e.g., Alt+e will erase the screen. Esc will return from +full-screen mode. + +**Notes:** The run buttons are tied to the Start Block. If no Start +Block is used, then all blocks are run when either run button is +clicked. The "rabbit" button runs the blocks at maximum speed. The +"snail" button pauses and displays the turtle and block values between +each step. + +On older versions of Sugar (e.g., 0.84), the main toolbar will look like +this: + +Project Toolbar +--------------- + +From left to right: + +- Project title; +- Write to Journal (on newer versions of Sugar) +- Keep button (not shown; only appears on older Sugar systems) +- Share button; +- Share blocks; shown in disable state. Used to share stacks of blocks + between collaborators. +- Save as image; +- Save as Logo; +- Load a previously saved project from the Sugar Journal; +- Load Python code into a programmable block + +**Notes:** +: - On older Sugar systems, these controls appear on the + Import/Export toolbar. + + - On smaller screens, the load/save buttons are shown on a + palette. + - To share a stack, click on the share button. The cursor will + change to the hand shape Ta-hand-cursor.png. Place the cursor on + any block or stack of blocks and click. The blocks will be + shared and the cursor will change back to the arrow shape. + +Edit Toolbar +------------ + +The Edit toolbar is used to copy stacks of blocks to the clipboard and +to paste stacks from the clipboard. To copy a stack, click on the copy +button or type Ctrl-c. The cursor will change to the hand shape +Ta-hand-cursor.png. Place the cursor on any block or stack of blocks and +click. The blocks will be copied to the Sugar clipboard and the cursor +will change back to the arrow shape. To paste from the clipboard, type +Ctrl-v or click the paste button. + +From left to right: + +- Copy +- Paste + +View Toolbar +------------ + +From left to right: + +- Full-screen button; +- Cartesian-coordinate grid; +- polar-coordinate grid; +- not shown: centimeter-coordinate grid (XO-only); +- display of x,y coordinates, heading of turtle; +- Rescale-coordinates button; +- Grow block size; +- Shrink block size +- Disable/enable hover help + +Palettes Toolbar +---------------- + +The palette menus are revealed by clicking on the Block icon on the main +toolbar. (On older Sugar systems, select the Projects toolbar. When +running Turtle Art from GNOME, the palettes are visible by default.) + +There are ten palettes of program elements available for program +construction: Turtle movements; Pen attributes; Color attributes; +Numeric operators; Logical operators; Logical blocks; Sensor blocks; +Media blocks; Customization functions; and Presentation blocks. An +eleventh palette is used for restoring blocks from the trash. + +**Note:** Additional palettes may be loaded by plugin extensions to +Turtle Blocks. + +Blocks are dragged from the palette onto the canvas surface. To dispose +of a block, drag it back onto the palette. (It will be placed onto the +trash palette.) + +The  button, which +replaces the Stop button on the main toolbar while the program is +executing, is used to reveal the program blocks. Individual palettes can +be hidden by clicking on their highlighted tab. + +Turtle Palette +-------------- + +These blocks are used to control the movements of the turtle. + +- forward: move turtle forward +- back: move turtle backward +- clean: clear the screen and position the turtle in the center of the + screen, pen down, color red, heading 0 +- left: rotate turtle counterclockwise +- right: rotate turtle clockwise +- arc: move turtle along an arc +- set xy: set turtle x,y position (0,0) is the center of the screen +- seth: set turtle heading +- xcor: holds current x-coordinate value of the turtle (can be used in + place of a number block) +- ycor: holds current y-coordinate value of the turtle (can be used in + place of a number block) +- heading: holds current heading value of the turtle (can be used in + place of a number block) + +Pen Palette +----------- + +These blocks are used to control the attributes of the turtle's pen. + +- pen up: turtle will not draw when moved +- pen down: turtle will draw when moved +- set pen size: sets the width of the line drawn by the turtle +- fill screen: fill the screen with a color/shade and reposition the + turtle in the center of the screen +- pen size: width of the line drawn by the turtle (can be used in + place of a number block) +- set color: sets the pen color +- set shade: sets the pen shade +- set gray: sets the gray-level of the pen (Only available in Turtle + Blocks) +- color: current pen color (can be used in place of a number block) +- shade: current pen shade (can be used in place of a number block) +- gray: current pen gray level (can be used in place of a number + block) (Only available in Turtle Blocks) +- start fill: starts a filled polygon (straight sides, not arcs) +- end fill: ends a fill polygon (straight sides, not arcs) + +Color Palette +------------- + +These blocks can be used with the set-pen-color block in place of a +number block. + +Numbers Palette +--------------- + +These blocks are arithmetic and boolean operators. + +- addition: adds two numeric inputs (also can be used to concatenate + strings) +- subtraction: subtracts the bottom numeric input from the top input +- multiplication: multiplies two numeric inputs +- division: divided top input (numerator) by bottom input + (denominator) +- identity: identity function (used for spacing blocks) +- modulo (remainder): calculates remainder when dividing top input by + the bottom input +- square root (Only available with Turtle Blocks) +- random number: generates a random integer between the minimum and + maximum values +- number block: a numeric input +- greater than: boolean greater than operator (used with flow blocks) +- less than: boolean less than operator (used with flow blocks) +- equal to: boolean equal to operator (used with flow blocks) +- not: boolean not (Only available with Turtle Blocks) +- and: boolean and (Only available with Turtle Blocks) +- or: boolean or (Only available with Turtle Blocks) + +Flow Palette +------------ + +These blocks control program flow. + +- wait: pause program execution (unit is seconds) +- forever: continuously repeat execute stack under the right flow +- repeat: repeat the execution of stack under the right flow a + specified number of times +- if/then: conditional execution of the stack under the right flow + (uses boolean operators found on the Number palette) +- if/then/else: conditional execution of the stack under the center + and right flows (uses boolean operators found on the Number palette) +- vertical spacer +- stop stack: interrupt execution +- while: execute stack under right flow while the condition is true + (uses boolean operators found on the Number palette) (Only available + with Turtle Blocks) +- until: execute stack under right flow until the condition is true + (uses boolean operators found on the Number palette) (Only available + with Turtle Blocks) + +**Note:** Nesting while and/or until blocks is not always reliable. If +you encounter an error, try putting the nested block in a separate +stack, accessed with an action block. + +Blocks Palette +-------------- + +These blocks are for defining variables and subroutines. + +- start: connects action to toolbar 'Run' button +- store in box 1: store a number, string, or media object in box 1 + (Only available with Turtle Blocks) +- store in box 2: store a number, string, or media object in box 2 + (Only available with Turtle Blocks) +- text: string input +- box 1: current value of box 1 (can be used in place of a number + block) (Only available with Turtle Blocks) +- box 2: current value of box 2 (can be used in place of a number + block) (Only available with Turtle Blocks) +- box: current value of named box (can be used in place of a number + block) +- store in: store a number, string, or media object in a named box +- action: top of named action stack +- action 1: top of action 1 stack (Only available with Turtle Blocks) +- action 2: top of action 2 stack (Only available with Turtle Blocks) +- action: execute named action stack +- action 2: execute action 2 stack (Only available with Turtle Blocks) +- action 1: execute action 1 stack (Only available with Turtle Blocks) + +**Note:** When a named action or named box block are used, new blocks +appear on the palette that correspond to these names; e.g., if a top of +action stack is rename, "to square", an action block, "to square" is +added to the palette. + +Sensors Palette +--------------- + +- query keyboard: check for keyboard input (results are stored in the + keyboard block) +- keyboard: current value of keyboard input (can be used in place of a + number block) +- read pixel: push the RGB value of the pixel under the turtle onto + the FILO (blue is first, red is last) +- turtle sees: the "palette color" of the pixel under the turtle +- time: number of seconds since program began +- sound: raw data from microphone ranging -32000 to 32000 +- volume (loudness): ranging 0 to 32000 +- pitch: the resolution is +-8Hz +- brightness: average luminance seen through camera +- camera: grab image from camera +- button down: current state of the mouse button (1 == down; 0 == ip) +- mouse x: x position of mouse +- mouse y: y position of mouse + +The OLPC XO can measure external inputs with its microphone jack: + +- resistance: measurement range is 750 to 14k ohms, (OLPC XO1) and 2k + ohms to open circuit (OLPC XO1.5) +- voltage: measurement range is DC 0.4V to 1.85V. (OLPC XO1) and 0.17V + to 3.0V (OLPC XO1.5) + +The OLPC XO 1.75 also includes an accelerometer. + +- accelerate (not shown): measure the acceleration of the computer. + Results are pushed to the stack and can be retrieved by using 3 + 'pop' blocks (one for X (horizontal), one for Y (vertical), and one + for Z (forward/backward)) + +See [Using Turtle Art +Sensors](http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/Turtle_Art/Using_Turtle_Art_Sensors) +for more details about the sensor blocks. + +Media Palette +------------- + +These are a collection of blocks used for displaying media objects, such +as images from the Journal. + +- journal: Sugar Journal media object (used with show block) (also + available in Turtle Art) +- audio: Sugar Journal media object (used with show block) +- video: Sugar Journal media object (used with show block) +- description: Sugar Journal description field (used with show block) +- text: text string (used with show block; also used with box and + action blocks) +- show: draw text or display media object from the Journal +- set scale: sets the scale of images displayed with show block +- save picture: save the canvas to the Sugar Journal as a .png image + (note: saves the canvas as displayed) +- save SVG: save turtle graphics to the Sugar Journal as a .svg image + (note: only saves the changes to the canvas in the current execution + run) +- scale: sets scale for show block (100% is full-screen) +- wait for media: used to pause program while audio or video file + plays +- media stop: stop current sound or video +- media pause: pause current sound or video +- media resume: resume playing paused media +- speak: sends text to the voice synthesizer +- sine wave: plays a sine wave of a given frequency, amplitude, and + duration + +Extras Palette +-------------- + +These are a collection of extra blocks for accessing advanced features +only available in Turtle Blocks. + +- push: push value onto FILO (first-in last-out) heap +- show heap: show FILO in status block +- empty heap: empty the FILO +- pop: pop value off of the FILO (can be used in place of a number + block) +- print: print value in status block (also available in Turtle Art) +- comment: program comment (displayed in "walk" mode) +- chr: Python chr primitive: converts ASCII to character (useful for + converting keyboard input to text) +- int: Python int primitive: converts input to integers +- Python: a programmable block (can be used in place of a number + block) + + > add your own math equation in the block, e.g., sin(x); This block + > is expandable to support up to three variables, e.g. f(x,y,z) + +- Import Python: import Python code from the Sugar Journal (a more + general-purpose programmable block). This block accepts a single + variable x, as an input or up to 3 variables as an array x[0], x[1] + and x[2] +- Cartesian: display Cartesian coordinate grid overlay +- polar: display polar coordinate grid overlay +- turtle: specify which turtle is active +- turtle shell: import a image from the Journal to use as the turtle's + 'shell', i.e., replace the turtle with a sprite. +- sandwich clamp: "clamp" a stack of blocks to hide + +Portfolio Palette +----------------- + +These blocks are used to make multimedia presentations only available in +Turtle Blocks. + +- hide blocks: hides all blocks and palettes (useful for decluttering + the screen during presentations) (also available in Turtle Art) +- show blocks: shows blocks and palettes (useful for resuming + programming after a presentation) +- full screen: goes into full-screen mode (hides Sugar toolbars) +- list slide: used for bulleted lists; This block is expandable, + allowing you to add as many bullets as you need +- picture slides: used for picture slides (1×1, 2×2, 1×2, and 2×1) + +Only available in Turtle Blocks: + +- left: holds current x-coordinate value of the left edge of the + screen (can be used in place of a number block) +- top: holds current y-coordinate value of the top edge of the screen + (can be used in place of a number block) +- right: holds current x-coordinate value of the right edge of the + screen (can be used in place of a number block) +- bottom: holds current y-coordinate value of the bottom edge of the + screen (can be used in place of a number block) +- width: screen width (can be used in place of a number block) +- height: screen height (can be used in place of a number block) + +**Note:** The slide blocks expand into stacks that can be edited for +customized presentations. + +Trash Palette +------------- + +This palette holds any blocks that have been put in the trash. You can +drag blocks out of the trash to restore them. The trash palette is +emptied when you quit Turtle Art. + +Vertical palettes +----------------- + +Learning with Turtle Art +======================== + +Tony Forster and Mokurai have created a number of Activities/Turtle +Art/Tutorials Turtle Art Tutorials on a wide range of math, programming, +art, and Computer Science topics. There is also a substantial literature +of educational materials using the Logo programming language, from which +Turtle Art and Turtle Blocks derive. The Exploring with Logo series from +MIT Press is particularly recommended for showing how far beyond simple +graphics Logo can go. Mokurai recommends starting with his first three, +specifically designed for helping beginners of all ages, starting with +the preliterate in preschool. + +- [You be the + Turtle](http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/Turtle_Art/Tutorials/You_be_the_Turtle) + without the computer. +- [Mathematics and + art](http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/Turtle_Art/Tutorials/Mathematics_and_art), + an introduction to TA. +- [Counting](http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/Turtle_Art/Tutorials/Counting) + +Extending Turtle Art +==================== + +There are versions of Turtle Art in several programming languages and +environments, including Logo, Python, Smalltalk, and others. Turtle Art +can export programs in Logo, as explained below. There are programmable +blocks in Turtle Art which make it possible to include any Python +program within the Turtle Art world. The simplest case is a single +function call used in a graphing program, but there is no inherent limit +on what capabilities of Python one can add to TA. + +Exporting to Berkeley Logo +========================== + +Turtle Art can export its projects to [Berkeley +Logo](http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~bh/) (using either **View Source** or +the **Save as Logo** button on the **Project Toolbar**) + +Python Blocks in Turtle Art +=========================== + +There are two ways to create Python blocks: by loading sample code +provided with Turtle Art or by loading Python code the your Journal. + +**Loading sample code** + +A number of individual sample programs are provided. Clicking on the +Load Python Block button on the Load/Save Toolbar + will invoke a file-selector +dialog. Select the sample that you want and it will be both copied to +the Journal and loaded into a Python block. + +**Loading code from the Journal** + +Clicking on a Python block + that has been +dragged onto the canvas from the Extras palette will invoke an +object-selector dialog. + +Select the Python code that that you want and that code will be loaded +into the selected block. + +You can't run a Python block by clicking on it, as that opens the object +selector; instead attach the block to another one and click elsewhere on +the stack you have created. + +Which ever way you create them, multiple Python blocks can have +different code loaded in them. + +Modifying Turtle Art +==================== + +Turtle Art is under the MIT license. You are free to use it and learn +with it. You are also encourage to modify it to suit your needs or just +for a further opportunity to learn. + +Much of the motivation behind the Version 83 refactoring of the code was +to make it easier for you to make changes. Most changes can be confined +to two modules: taconstants.py and talogo.py. The former defines the +blocks and palettes; the latter defines what code is executed by a +block. + +**Note:** As of Version 106, there is also support for plugins. If you +can use the plugin mechanism to add support for additional devices, +e.g., Arduino, or for making modifications such as are described below +without making changes to the standard code base. (The advantage to the +latter is that your changes will remain intact even after you upgrade to +a newer version.) + +The tabasics.py file contains the constants that by-in-large determine +the behavior of Turtle Art. Notably, the block palettes are defined +below. If you want to add a new block to Turtle Art, you could simply +add a block of code to that file or to turtle\_block\_plugin.py, which +contains additional blocks. (Even better, write your own plugin!!) + +Adding a new palette is simply a matter of: + + palette = make_palette('mypalette', # the name of your palette + colors=["#00FF00", "#00A000"], + help_string=_('Palette of my custom commands')) + +For example, if we want to add a new turtle command, 'uturn', we'd use +the add\_block method in the Palette class. + + palette.add_block('uturn', # the name of your block + style='basic-style', # the block style + label=_('u turn'), # the label for the block + prim_name='uturn', # code reference (see below) + help_string=_('turns the turtle 180 degrees')) + +Next, you need to define what your block will do. def\_prim takes 3 +arguments: the primitive name, the number of arguments—0 in this +case—and the function to call—in this case, the canvas.seth function to +set the heading. + + self.tw.lc.def_prim('uturn', 0, + lambda self: self.tw.canvas.seth(self.tw.canvas.heading + 180)) + +That's it. When you next run Turtle Art, you will have a 'uturn' block +on the 'mypalette' palette. + +You will have to create icons for the palette-selector buttons. These +are kept in the icons subdirectory. You need two icons: mypaletteoff.svg +and mypaletteon.svg, where 'mypalette' is the same string as the entry +you used in instantiating the Palette class. Note that the icons should +be the same size (55x55) as the others. (This is the default icon size +for Sugar toolbars.) + +Where to report problems +======================== + +Please file bug reports +[here](https://bugs.sugarlabs.org/newticket?component=Turtleart). + +Credits +======= + +> Walter Bender and Raúl Gutiérrez Segalés maintain the code (with some +> occasional help from Simon Schampijer) Alan Jhonn Aguiar Schwyn and +> the Butia Team have provided great feedback and many patches. +> Especially helpful feedback from Tony Forster, Guzmán Trinidad, and +> Bill Kerr Brian Silverman is the first author of Turtle Art diff --git a/source/upgrade_all.markdown b/source/upgrade_all.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..891f42e --- /dev/null +++ b/source/upgrade_all.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +% Upgrade all your Software +% +% + +Your XO comes pre-loaded with the software OS (operating system) +designed for the XO. It is a good idea to keep your software up to date +because our latest builds fix bugs in earlier releases and they are +awesome! + +The XO-1’s came with Sugar software. Did you know that with the latest +software your XO can have both Sugar and GNOME? GNOME provides an option +to teach older children in a learning environment that will be familiar +and transferable to using Windows or Mac OS. This Chapter will tell you +how to upgrade your software. + +The Software Releases can be found here: +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Releases](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Releases) + +The main page of the OLPC Wiki also contains links to the latest +releases. [http://wiki.laptop.org](http://wiki.laptop.org) + +There several methods of upgrading. Which one is right for you? Most +people will want to use the "clean install" method. An overview of the +upgrade options can be found here. +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Updating\_the\_XO](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Updating_the_XO) + +Clear instructions on how to to change, upgrade, downgrade, or replace +your XO's OS can be found in the Release notes. Choose the release +(build) that you want to install here: +[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Releases](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Releases) +Next click on the Release notes for the release you will install. + +Decide whether you want to do a clean install (Installation) which will +completely reformat your XO with files from a USB drive, or an online or +offline update which will update the current software without erasing +the existing Journal. Follow the instruction for the update method +chosen. + +A clean install uses a USB stick and the "four button procedure" to +begin the update. Warning Reminder: This method re-formats your XO and +EVERYTHING on your XO will be deleted if you use this method. You will +follow the instructions in the Release Notes for the build chosen, and +you will need A USB storage device that has at least 1 GB of space free +and a computer with Internet access that will allow you to download the +required 300-400MB within about an hour). + +- Connect your XO to their charger. + +- Turn off your XO. + +- Connect your prepared USB storage device to your XO. + +- Next, hold down all four gamepad keys above the power button, and + then push the power button to turn the XO on. You will see a message + that tells you to "Release the game key to continue". Do not + continue until you see this message. + +- Release the gamepad keys. The reflash process runs automatically; + first you will see the XO arrange and color in a grid of boxes, then + the XO will display "Rebooting in 10 seconds..." + +- The XO will then restart with a clean image. + +- Enter your name for your XO and then click Next. + +- Click the XO icon to change the colors and then click Done. + +- Optionally, connect your XO to the Internet, then use the Control + Panel to download the latest Activities. + diff --git a/source/what_is_an_activity.markdown b/source/what_is_an_activity.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca5b111 --- /dev/null +++ b/source/what_is_an_activity.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +% What is an Activity +% +% + +Activities are the things you use to make projects in Sugar on your XO. +Activities are found on your “Home” view in the circle around your +“person” icon. + +These activities have been selected from all those installed on your +laptop. They are called “Favorites”. You can change this list at any +time by clicking on the “List” view (1) in the upper right corner of +your screen. + +To start an activity, you can click its icon. This will open the last +project you were working on. You can also see all your recent projects +by hovering your pointer over the icon and look for the name of which +you saved your project. In order to open a new session, hover your +pointer on the icon and click “start new”. + +There is one special activity called the “Journal” which appears under +your "person" icon, if you have no other Activities open, and on the +Frame, or you can press the magnifying glass key in the top row of the +keyboard to immediately open the Journal and search. The Journal keeps +track of everything you do on the XO. It also stores the files you +create with your Activity. Some Activities need no instruction or +explanation, such as Maze and Speak. There are other Activities that +require some learning and exploration, such as Turtle Art, Etoys, and +Scratch. + +There are Activities which are games, such as Memorize and Implode. Some +perform basic functions such as writing documents (Write), taking +pictures or videos (Record), or browsing the Internet (Browse). Other +Activities allow you to create complex images, games, animations and +programs : Scratch, Etoys, TurtleArt. You can also make music with Tam +Tam and use it in your animation, or story or Memorize game. + +A set of Activities is pre-installed with the Sugar environment. More +Activities can be found and added to your XO from the Sugar Activity +Library, +[http://activities.sugarlabs.org](http://activities.sugarlabs.org). You +can also add Activities from a USB drive (thumb drive). diff --git a/source/write.markdown b/source/write.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3adf0bb --- /dev/null +++ b/source/write.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +% Write +% +% + +About +===== + +The Write Activity serves as the document creation Activity in Sugar. +Its simple interface provides an easy starting point for children, +presenting tools that make writing a story, poem, or essay simple and +straightforward. It also supports tools for inserting images, creating +tables, and performing layout operations. + +The Write Activity utilizes the Journal, your work is automatically +saved. The Activity also supports collaboration in the form of peer +editing, group storytelling, etc. + +The Write Activity can be used to open and edit most common file +formats, including ODT, DOC, RTF, TXT, and HTML. + +Where to get Write +================== + +The Write activity is included in OLPC images and can be downloaded +[Sugar Labs Activity +Portal](http://activities.sugarlabs.org/en-US/sugar/addon/4201). + +Using +===== + +TODO: write screenshot is wrong + +This is a general view of write. + +The Toolbars +============ + +In order from left to right + +1. The Activity Button: Allows you to name your file, Share it, and + save it as RTF, HTML, TXT and PDF. +2. The Edit Button: Allows to Copy, Paste, Undo, Redo, and search + inside your document. +3. The View Button: Allows you to zoom in and out of the document and + to navigate trhough the pages quickly. +4. The Fonts Button: Allows you to change the font and the size. +5. The Paragraph Button : Allows you to change the headings, the text + dispositions and the different justify possibilities. +6. The List Button : Allows you to create multiple lists: bullet, + dashed, numbered, lower case list, upper case list. +7. The Insert Button : Allows you to insert tables and images and to + edit their size and position afterwards. +8. Bold +9. Italic +10. Underline +11. Color +12. Stop + +Collaborating +============= + +The Write Activity supports collaborative (peer) editing, which means +that multiple people can edit the same document at the same time. + +To start a collaboration, either: + +- send an invitation, or +- share with the Neighborhood + +As with all Sugar Activities, invitations go to specific individuals, +but sharing is open to anyone in the Neighborhood View. Please see the +chapter on Collaboration in the Sugar Manual for more details about +invitations and sharing. + +Note to parents and teachers +---------------------------- + +> Collaboration is a powerful feature of Write, but it is recommended +> that when you do collaborate, keep the number of people editing the +> same document to just 2–3 people. Otherwise, there tend to be delays +> that cause the document to get out of synch from one computer to +> another. Also, try to avoid using too many large pictures or tables +> when collaborating, as these objects tend to get scrambled. + +Group Storytelling +================== + +The Dadaists, a cultural movement that began in Europe towards the end +of World War I (1916) invented a number of art-construction techniques, +including collage and photo montage. Many of their works were +collaborative, including exquisite corpse, a method by which a +collection of words or images was collectively assembled. Each +collaborator adds to a composition in turn, either by following a rule +or by being allowed to see the end of what the previous person +contributed. + +A shared instance of Write can be used in a similar way to create a +collaborative story, poem, rhyme, or group stream of consciousness. + +Using Write for group storytelling +---------------------------------- + +It is fun and easy to use Write for group storytelling. Simply share a +document with a group of friends (or your class); take turns opening the +document and adding to the story. + +**Steps:** + +1. Open a document in Write. +2. Type in a rule on the first line for everyone to follow. (Some + examples are listed below.) +3. Go to the Activity tab. +4. Select "Share with Neighborhood". +5. One at a time, each person in the group should open the shared + document by clicking it in the Neighborhood View. +6. During their turn, they should follow the rule to add to the end of + the story. +7. They should exit Write after they have added to the story. + (Important: the person who originally shared the document should not + exit Write until everyone has taken their turn.) +8. After each person has added to the story, the person who started the + story should read it aloud to the group. + +**Examples** + +- Add a sentence that continues the theme of a story. +- Add a new sentence that starts with the last word of the sentence + that comes before it. +- Add a new word that begins with the same letter as the last letter + of the word before it. +- Add an adjective after a noun, a noun after an adjective. +- Add a word with one more letter than the word before it (this gets + hard for a large group!) +- Add words in alphabetical order. + +Letter to the Editor +==================== + +Writing is one of the most powerful means of personal expression ever +invented. The expression, "the pen is mightier than the sword" has rung +true through out history. + +It is important that the world hear your voice and you can make you +voice heard, whether through a blog, a letter to the editor, a comment +on a page in the Wikipedia, or by some other means. Write gives the +power of expression as well as the means to share your expression with +others. + +If you want to write a letter to the editor, you first need to look in +the newspaper or on the paper's web site to find their e-mail address +for letters. Some newspapers have a policy of publishing all appropriate +letters sent to the editor, but most are more selective. All require you +to include your complete name, address, and a contact telephone number. +You can, however, request that your letter be published with "name +withheld" if you want. Most editors call you to verify that you really +did write the letter before printing it. They also reserve the right to +edit your letter to fit the available space on the page. + +If you keep your letter short and to the point, you have a better chance +of experiencing the thrill of seeing your own words in print. Good luck! + +Examples +-------- + +Children in the Galadima School in Abuja, Nigeria used Write to write +letters to the president of Nigeria with suggestions about how he could +improve the conditions of school for all the children of Nigeria. + +Children in Ban Samkha, Thailand used Write to share ideas with their +teachers, their families, and their community. + +Children in Khairat, India use Write (and Record) to survey their +village and compile a report to the community. + +Children in Uruguay and Colombia are writing blog entries, also known as +blogging. Blog entries are typically chronologically ordered essays or +stories. + +Other learning activities +------------------------- + +- Start a school newspaper. +- Write an autobiography. +- Interview someone from your community. +- Write an article for the Wikipedia about your community. + +Credits +======= + +Write is based upon Abiword; the Sugar port was done by J.M. Maurer, +Martin Sevior, Tomeu Vizoso and Robert Staudinger |