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+.. mongokit-pattern:
+
+MongoKit in Flask
+=================
+
+Using a document database rather than a full DBMS gets more common these days.
+This pattern shows how to use MongoKit, a document mapper library, to
+integrate with MongoDB.
+
+This pattern requires a running MongoDB server and the MongoKit library
+installed.
+
+There are two very common ways to use MongoKit.  I will outline each of them
+here:
+
+
+Declarative
+-----------
+
+The default behaviour of MongoKit is the declarative one that is based on
+common ideas from Django or the SQLAlchemy declarative extension.
+
+Here an example `app.py` module for your application::
+
+    from flask import Flask
+    from mongokit import Connection, Document
+
+    # configuration
+    MONGODB_HOST = 'localhost'
+    MONGODB_PORT = 27017
+
+    # create the little application object
+    app = Flask(__name__)
+    app.config.from_object(__name__)
+
+    # connect to the database
+    connection = Connection(app.config['MONGODB_HOST'],
+                            app.config['MONGODB_PORT'])
+
+
+To define your models, just subclass the `Document` class that is imported
+from MongoKit.  If you've seen the SQLAlchemy pattern you may wonder why we do
+not have a session and even do not define a `init_db` function here.  On the
+one hand, MongoKit does not have something like a session.  This sometimes
+makes it more to type but also makes it blazingly fast.  On the other hand,
+MongoDB is schemaless.  This means you can modify the data structure from one
+insert query to the next without any problem.  MongoKit is just schemaless
+too, but implements some validation to ensure data integrity.
+
+Here is an example document (put this also into `app.py`, e.g.)::
+
+    def max_length(length):
+        def validate(value):
+            if len(value) <= length:
+                return True
+            raise Exception('%s must be at most %s characters long' % length)
+        return validate
+
+    class User(Document):
+        structure = {
+            'name': unicode,
+            'email': unicode,
+        }
+        validators = {
+            'name': max_length(50),
+            'email': max_length(120)
+        }
+        use_dot_notation = True
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return '<User %r>' % (self.name)
+
+    # register the User document with our current connection
+    connection.register([User])
+
+
+This example shows you how to define your schema (named structure), a
+validator for the maximum character length and uses a special MongoKit feature
+called `use_dot_notation`.  Per default MongoKit behaves like a python
+dictionary but with `use_dot_notation` set to `True` you can use your
+documents like you use models in nearly any other ORM by using dots to
+separate between attributes.
+
+You can insert entries into the database like this:
+
+>>> from yourapplication.database import connection
+>>> from yourapplication.models import User
+>>> collection = connection['test'].users
+>>> user = collection.User()
+>>> user['name'] = u'admin'
+>>> user['email'] = u'admin@localhost'
+>>> user.save()
+
+Note that MongoKit is kinda strict with used column types, you must not use a
+common `str` type for either `name` or `email` but unicode.
+
+Querying is simple as well:
+
+>>> list(collection.User.find())
+[<User u'admin'>]
+>>> collection.User.find_one({'name': u'admin'})
+<User u'admin'>
+
+.. _MongoKit: http://bytebucket.org/namlook/mongokit/
+
+
+PyMongo Compatibility Layer
+---------------------------
+
+If you just want to use PyMongo, you can do that with MongoKit as well.  You
+may use this process if you need the best performance to get.  Note that this
+example does not show how to couple it with Flask, see the above MongoKit code
+for examples::
+
+    from MongoKit import Connection
+
+    connection = Connection()
+
+To insert data you can use the `insert` method.  We have to get a
+collection first, this is somewhat the same as a table in the SQL world.
+
+>>> collection = connection['test'].users
+>>> user = {'name': u'admin', 'email': u'admin@localhost'}
+>>> collection.insert(user)
+
+print list(collection.find())
+print collection.find_one({'name': u'admin'})
+
+MongoKit will automatically commit for us.
+
+To query your database, you use the collection directly:
+
+>>> list(collection.find())
+[{u'_id': ObjectId('4c271729e13823182f000000'), u'name': u'admin', u'email': u'admin@localhost'}]
+>>> collection.find_one({'name': u'admin'})
+{u'_id': ObjectId('4c271729e13823182f000000'), u'name': u'admin', u'email': u'admin@localhost'}
+
+These results are also dict-like objects:
+
+>>> r = collection.find_one({'name': u'admin'})
+>>> r['email']
+u'admin@localhost'
+
+For more information about MongoKit, head over to the
+`website <http://bytebucket.org/namlook/mongokit/>`_.