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+ <title>Foreword &mdash; Flask 0.8 documentation</title>
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+
+ <div class="section" id="foreword">
+<h1>Foreword<a class="headerlink" href="#foreword" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>Read this before you get started with Flask. This hopefully answers some
+questions about the purpose and goals of the project, and when you
+should or should not be using it.</p>
+<div class="section" id="what-does-micro-mean">
+<h2>What does &#8220;micro&#8221; mean?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-does-micro-mean" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>To me, the &#8220;micro&#8221; in microframework refers not only to the simplicity and
+small size of the framework, but also the fact that it does not make much
+decisions for you. While Flask does pick a templating engine for you, we
+won&#8217;t make such decisions for your datastore or other parts.</p>
+<p>For us however the term “micro” does not mean that the whole implementation
+has to fit into a single Python file.</p>
+<p>One of the design decisions with Flask was that simple tasks should be
+simple and not take up a lot of code and yet not limit yourself. Because
+of that we took a few design choices that some people might find
+surprising or unorthodox. For example, Flask uses thread-local objects
+internally so that you don&#8217;t have to pass objects around from function to
+function within a request in order to stay threadsafe. While this is a
+really easy approach and saves you a lot of time, it might also cause some
+troubles for very large applications because changes on these thread-local
+objects can happen anywhere in the same thread. In order to solve these
+problems we don&#8217;t hide the thread locals for you but instead embrace them
+and provide you with a lot of tools to make it as pleasant as possible to
+work with them.</p>
+<p>Flask is also based on convention over configuration, which means that
+many things are preconfigured. For example, by convention, templates and
+static files are in subdirectories within the Python source tree of the
+application. While this can be changed you usually don&#8217;t have to.</p>
+<p>The main reason however why Flask is called a &#8220;microframework&#8221; is the idea
+to keep the core simple but extensible. There is no database abstraction
+layer, no form validation or anything else where different libraries
+already exist that can handle that. However Flask knows the concept of
+extensions that can add this functionality into your application as if it
+was implemented in Flask itself. There are currently extensions for
+object relational mappers, form validation, upload handling, various open
+authentication technologies and more.</p>
+<p>Since Flask is based on a very solid foundation there is not a lot of code
+in Flask itself. As such it&#8217;s easy to adapt even for lage applications
+and we are making sure that you can either configure it as much as
+possible by subclassing things or by forking the entire codebase. If you
+are interested in that, check out the <a class="reference internal" href="becomingbig.html#becomingbig"><em>Becoming Big</em></a> chapter.</p>
+<p>If you are curious about the Flask design principles, head over to the
+section about <a class="reference internal" href="design.html#design"><em>Design Decisions in Flask</em></a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="web-development-is-dangerous">
+<h2>Web Development is Dangerous<a class="headerlink" href="#web-development-is-dangerous" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>I&#8217;m not joking. Well, maybe a little. If you write a web
+application, you are probably allowing users to register and leave their
+data on your server. The users are entrusting you with data. And even if
+you are the only user that might leave data in your application, you still
+want that data to be stored securely.</p>
+<p>Unfortunately, there are many ways the security of a web application can be
+compromised. Flask protects you against one of the most common security
+problems of modern web applications: cross-site scripting (XSS). Unless
+you deliberately mark insecure HTML as secure, Flask and the underlying
+Jinja2 template engine have you covered. But there are many more ways to
+cause security problems.</p>
+<p>The documentation will warn you about aspects of web development that
+require attention to security. Some of these security concerns
+are far more complex than one might think, and we all sometimes underestimate
+the likelihood that a vulnerability will be exploited, until a clever
+attacker figures out a way to exploit our applications. And don&#8217;t think
+that your application is not important enough to attract an attacker.
+Depending on the kind of attack, chances are that automated bots are
+probing for ways to fill your database with spam, links to malicious
+software, and the like.</p>
+<p>So always keep security in mind when doing web development.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="the-status-of-python-3">
+<h2>The Status of Python 3<a class="headerlink" href="#the-status-of-python-3" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Currently the Python community is in the process of improving libraries to
+support the new iteration of the Python programming language. While the
+situation is greatly improving there are still some issues that make it
+hard for us to switch over to Python 3 just now. These problems are
+partially caused by changes in the language that went unreviewed for too
+long, partially also because we have not quite worked out how the lower
+level API should change for the unicode differences in Python3.</p>
+<p>Werkzeug and Flask will be ported to Python 3 as soon as a solution for
+the changes is found, and we will provide helpful tips how to upgrade
+existing applications to Python 3. Until then, we strongly recommend
+using Python 2.6 and 2.7 with activated Python 3 warnings during
+development. If you plan on upgrading to Python 3 in the near future we
+strongly recommend that you read <a class="reference external" href="http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2011/1/22/forwards-compatible-python/">How to write forwards compatible
+Python code</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="sphinxsidebar">
+ <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"><p class="logo"><a href="index.html">
+ <img class="logo" src="_static/flask.png" alt="Logo"/>
+</a></p>
+ <h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
+ <ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Foreword</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-does-micro-mean">What does &#8220;micro&#8221; mean?</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#web-development-is-dangerous">Web Development is Dangerous</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-status-of-python-3">The Status of Python 3</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3>Related Topics</h3>
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="index.html">Documentation overview</a><ul>
+ <li>Previous: <a href="index.html" title="previous chapter">Welcome to Flask</a></li>
+ <li>Next: <a href="installation.html" title="next chapter">Installation</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+</ul>
+ <h3>This Page</h3>
+ <ul class="this-page-menu">
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