Web   ·   Wiki   ·   Activities   ·   Blog   ·   Lists   ·   Chat   ·   Meeting   ·   Bugs   ·   Git   ·   Translate   ·   Archive   ·   People   ·   Donate
summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/studio/static/doc/flask-docs/patterns/sqlalchemy.html
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'studio/static/doc/flask-docs/patterns/sqlalchemy.html')
-rw-r--r--studio/static/doc/flask-docs/patterns/sqlalchemy.html310
1 files changed, 310 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/studio/static/doc/flask-docs/patterns/sqlalchemy.html b/studio/static/doc/flask-docs/patterns/sqlalchemy.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fd4363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/studio/static/doc/flask-docs/patterns/sqlalchemy.html
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+ <head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+
+ <title>SQLAlchemy in Flask &mdash; Flask 0.8 documentation</title>
+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/flasky.css" type="text/css" />
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
+
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+ URL_ROOT: '../',
+ VERSION: '0.8',
+ COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
+ FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
+ HAS_SOURCE: true
+ };
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
+ <link rel="top" title="Flask 0.8 documentation" href="../index.html" />
+ <link rel="up" title="Patterns for Flask" href="index.html" />
+ <link rel="next" title="Uploading Files" href="fileuploads.html" />
+ <link rel="prev" title="Using SQLite 3 with Flask" href="sqlite3.html" />
+
+
+ <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="../_static/touch-icon.png" />
+
+ <link media="only screen and (max-device-width: 480px)" href="../_static/small_flask.css" type= "text/css" rel="stylesheet" />
+
+ </head>
+ <body>
+ <div class="related">
+ <h3>Navigation</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
+ <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
+ accesskey="I">index</a></li>
+ <li class="right" >
+ <a href="fileuploads.html" title="Uploading Files"
+ accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
+ <li class="right" >
+ <a href="sqlite3.html" title="Using SQLite 3 with Flask"
+ accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
+ <li><a href="../index.html">Flask 0.8 documentation</a> &raquo;</li>
+ <li><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">Patterns for Flask</a> &raquo;</li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="document">
+ <div class="documentwrapper">
+ <div class="bodywrapper">
+ <div class="body">
+
+ <div class="section" id="sqlalchemy-in-flask">
+<span id="sqlalchemy-pattern"></span><h1>SQLAlchemy in Flask<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlalchemy-in-flask" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>Many people prefer <a class="reference external" href="http://www.sqlalchemy.org/">SQLAlchemy</a> for database access. In this case it&#8217;s
+encouraged to use a package instead of a module for your flask application
+and drop the models into a separate module (<a class="reference internal" href="packages.html#larger-applications"><em>Larger Applications</em></a>).
+While that is not necessary, it makes a lot of sense.</p>
+<p>There are four very common ways to use SQLAlchemy. I will outline each
+of them here:</p>
+<div class="section" id="flask-sqlalchemy-extension">
+<h2>Flask-SQLAlchemy Extension<a class="headerlink" href="#flask-sqlalchemy-extension" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Because SQLAlchemy is a common database abstraction layer and object
+relational mapper that requires a little bit of configuration effort,
+there is a Flask extension that handles that for you. This is recommended
+if you want to get started quickly.</p>
+<p>You can download <a class="reference external" href="http://packages.python.org/Flask-SQLAlchemy/">Flask-SQLAlchemy</a> from <a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Flask-SQLAlchemy">PyPI</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="declarative">
+<h2>Declarative<a class="headerlink" href="#declarative" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The declarative extension in SQLAlchemy is the most recent method of using
+SQLAlchemy. It allows you to define tables and models in one go, similar
+to how Django works. In addition to the following text I recommend the
+official documentation on the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.sqlalchemy.org/docs/orm/extensions/declarative.html">declarative</a> extension.</p>
+<p>Here the example <cite>database.py</cite> module for your application:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">create_engine</span>
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy.orm</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">scoped_session</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sessionmaker</span>
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy.ext.declarative</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">declarative_base</span>
+
+<span class="n">engine</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">create_engine</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;sqlite:////tmp/test.db&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">convert_unicode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">db_session</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">scoped_session</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sessionmaker</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">autocommit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">autoflush</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">bind</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">))</span>
+<span class="n">Base</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">declarative_base</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="n">Base</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db_session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query_property</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">init_db</span><span class="p">():</span>
+ <span class="c"># import all modules here that might define models so that</span>
+ <span class="c"># they will be registered properly on the metadata. Otherwise</span>
+ <span class="c"># you will have to import them first before calling init_db()</span>
+ <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">yourapplication.models</span>
+ <span class="n">Base</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>To define your models, just subclass the <cite>Base</cite> class that was created by
+the code above. If you are wondering why we don&#8217;t have to care about
+threads here (like we did in the SQLite3 example above with the
+<a class="reference internal" href="../api.html#flask.g" title="flask.g"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">g</span></tt></a> object): that&#8217;s because SQLAlchemy does that for us
+already with the <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">scoped_session</span></tt>.</p>
+<p>To use SQLAlchemy in a declarative way with your application, you just
+have to put the following code into your application module. Flask will
+automatically remove database sessions at the end of the request for you:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">yourapplication.database</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">db_session</span>
+
+<span class="nd">@app.teardown_request</span>
+<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">shutdown_session</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">exception</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
+ <span class="n">db_session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">()</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Here is an example model (put this into <cite>models.py</cite>, e.g.):</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">String</span>
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">yourapplication.database</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Base</span>
+
+<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Base</span><span class="p">):</span>
+ <span class="n">__tablename__</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&#39;users&#39;</span>
+ <span class="nb">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+ <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">unique</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+ <span class="n">email</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">120</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">unique</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+ <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">email</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
+ <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">name</span>
+ <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">email</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">email</span>
+
+ <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__repr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+ <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&#39;&lt;User </span><span class="si">%r</span><span class="s">&gt;&#39;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>To create the database you can use the <cite>init_db</cite> function:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">yourapplication.database</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">init_db</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">init_db</span><span class="p">()</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>You can insert entries into the database like this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">yourapplication.database</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">db_session</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">yourapplication.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">User</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">u</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;admin&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#39;admin@localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db_session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">u</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db_session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">()</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Querying is simple as well:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">all</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">[&lt;User u&#39;admin&#39;&gt;]</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s">&#39;admin&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">&lt;User u&#39;admin&#39;&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="manual-object-relational-mapping">
+<h2>Manual Object Relational Mapping<a class="headerlink" href="#manual-object-relational-mapping" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Manual object relational mapping has a few upsides and a few downsides
+versus the declarative approach from above. The main difference is that
+you define tables and classes separately and map them together. It&#8217;s more
+flexible but a little more to type. In general it works like the
+declarative approach, so make sure to also split up your application into
+multiple modules in a package.</p>
+<p>Here is an example <cite>database.py</cite> module for your application:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">create_engine</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">MetaData</span>
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy.orm</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">scoped_session</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sessionmaker</span>
+
+<span class="n">engine</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">create_engine</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;sqlite:////tmp/test.db&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">convert_unicode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">metadata</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MetaData</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="n">db_session</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">scoped_session</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sessionmaker</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">autocommit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">autoflush</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">bind</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">))</span>
+<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">init_db</span><span class="p">():</span>
+ <span class="n">metadata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_all</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>As for the declarative approach you need to close the session after
+each request. Put this into your application module:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">yourapplication.database</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">db_session</span>
+
+<span class="nd">@app.teardown_request</span>
+<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">shutdown_session</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">exception</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
+ <span class="n">db_session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">()</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Here is an example table and model (put this into <cite>models.py</cite>):</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Table</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">String</span>
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy.orm</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">mapper</span>
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">yourapplication.database</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">db_session</span>
+
+<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
+ <span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db_session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query_property</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+ <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">email</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
+ <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">name</span>
+ <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">email</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">email</span>
+
+ <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__repr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+ <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&#39;&lt;User </span><span class="si">%r</span><span class="s">&gt;&#39;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">email</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="n">users</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;users&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;id&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">),</span>
+ <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">unique</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">),</span>
+ <span class="n">Column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;email&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">120</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">unique</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">mapper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">users</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Querying and inserting works exactly the same as in the example above.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="sql-abstraction-layer">
+<h2>SQL Abstraction Layer<a class="headerlink" href="#sql-abstraction-layer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>If you just want to use the database system (and SQL) abstraction layer
+you basically only need the engine:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sqlalchemy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">create_engine</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">MetaData</span>
+
+<span class="n">engine</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">create_engine</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;sqlite:////tmp/test.db&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">convert_unicode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">metadata</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MetaData</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Then you can either declare the tables in your code like in the examples
+above, or automatically load them:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">users</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;users&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">autoload</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>To insert data you can use the <cite>insert</cite> method. We have to get a
+connection first so that we can use a transaction:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">con</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">engine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">con</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">users</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#39;admin&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">email</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#39;admin@localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>SQLAlchemy will automatically commit for us.</p>
+<p>To query your database, you use the engine directly or use a connection:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">users</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">users</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">(1, u&#39;admin&#39;, u&#39;admin@localhost&#39;)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>These results are also dict-like tuples:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">users</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">users</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<span class="go">u&#39;admin&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>You can also pass strings of SQL statements to the
+<a class="reference external" href="http://www.sqlalchemy.org/docs/core/connections.html#sqlalchemy.engine.base.Connection.execute" title="(in SQLAlchemy v0.7)"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">execute()</span></tt></a> method:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">engine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;select * from users where id = :1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">(1, u&#39;admin&#39;, u&#39;admin@localhost&#39;)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>For more information about SQLAlchemy, head over to the
+<a class="reference external" href="http://sqlalchemy.org/">website</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="sphinxsidebar">
+ <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"><p class="logo"><a href="../index.html">
+ <img class="logo" src="../_static/flask.png" alt="Logo"/>
+</a></p>
+ <h3><a href="../index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
+ <ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">SQLAlchemy in Flask</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#flask-sqlalchemy-extension">Flask-SQLAlchemy Extension</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#declarative">Declarative</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#manual-object-relational-mapping">Manual Object Relational Mapping</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#sql-abstraction-layer">SQL Abstraction Layer</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3>Related Topics</h3>
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="../index.html">Documentation overview</a><ul>
+ <li><a href="index.html">Patterns for Flask</a><ul>
+ <li>Previous: <a href="sqlite3.html" title="previous chapter">Using SQLite 3 with Flask</a></li>
+ <li>Next: <a href="fileuploads.html" title="next chapter">Uploading Files</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ </ul></li>
+</ul>
+ <h3>This Page</h3>
+ <ul class="this-page-menu">
+ <li><a href="../_sources/patterns/sqlalchemy.txt"
+ rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li>
+ </ul>
+<div id="searchbox" style="display: none">
+ <h3>Quick search</h3>
+ <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get">
+ <input type="text" name="q" />
+ <input type="submit" value="Go" />
+ <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
+ <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
+ </form>
+ <p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%">
+ Enter search terms or a module, class or function name.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="clearer"></div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="footer">
+ &copy; Copyright 2010, Armin Ronacher.
+ Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a>.
+ </div>
+ </body>
+</html> \ No newline at end of file