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<div class="section" id="other-servers">
<span id="deploying-other-servers"></span><h1>Other Servers<a class="headerlink" href="#other-servers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>There are popular servers written in Python that allow the execution of WSGI
applications as well. These servers stand alone when they run; you can proxy
to them from your web server.</p>
<div class="section" id="tornado">
<h2>Tornado<a class="headerlink" href="#tornado" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.tornadoweb.org/">Tornado</a> is an open source version of the scalable, non-blocking web
server and tools that power <a class="reference external" href="http://friendfeed.com/">FriendFeed</a>. Because it is non-blocking and
uses epoll, it can handle thousands of simultaneous standing connections,
which means it is ideal for real-time web services. Integrating this
service with Flask is a trivial task:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">tornado.wsgi</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">WSGIContainer</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">tornado.httpserver</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">HTTPServer</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">tornado.ioloop</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">IOLoop</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">yourapplication</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">app</span>
<span class="n">http_server</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">HTTPServer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">WSGIContainer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">http_server</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">listen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5000</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">IOLoop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">instance</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="gevent">
<h2>Gevent<a class="headerlink" href="#gevent" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.gevent.org/">Gevent</a> is a coroutine-based Python networking library that uses
<a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/py/0.9.2/greenlet.html">greenlet</a> to provide a high-level synchronous API on top of <a class="reference external" href="http://monkey.org/~provos/libevent/">libevent</a>
event loop:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">gevent.wsgi</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">WSGIServer</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">yourapplication</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">app</span>
<span class="n">http_server</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">WSGIServer</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5000</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">app</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">http_server</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">serve_forever</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="gunicorn">
<h2>Gunicorn<a class="headerlink" href="#gunicorn" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://gunicorn.org/">Gunicorn</a> ‘Green Unicorn’ is a WSGI HTTP Server for UNIX. It’s a pre-fork
worker model ported from Ruby’s Unicorn project. It supports both <a class="reference external" href="http://eventlet.net/">eventlet</a>
and <a class="reference external" href="http://codespeak.net/py/0.9.2/greenlet.html">greenlet</a>. Running a Flask application on this server is quite simple:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>gunicorn myproject:app</pre>
</div>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://gunicorn.org/">Gunicorn</a> provides many command-line options – see <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gunicorn</span> <span class="pre">-h</span></tt>.
For example, to run a Flask application with 4 worker processes (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-w</span>
<span class="pre">4</span></tt>) binding to localhost port 4000 (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-b</span> <span class="pre">127.0.0.1:4000</span></tt>):</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>gunicorn -w 4 -b 127.0.0.1:4000 myproject:app</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="proxy-setups">
<h2>Proxy Setups<a class="headerlink" href="#proxy-setups" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you deploy your application using one of these servers behind an HTTP
proxy you will need to rewrite a few headers in order for the
application to work. The two problematic values in the WSGI environment
usually are <cite>REMOTE_ADDR</cite> and <cite>HTTP_HOST</cite>. Werkzeug ships a fixer that
will solve some common setups, but you might want to write your own WSGI
middleware for specific setups.</p>
<p>The most common setup invokes the host being set from <cite>X-Forwarded-Host</cite>
and the remote address from <cite>X-Forwarded-For</cite>:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">werkzeug.contrib.fixers</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">ProxyFix</span>
<span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">wsgi_app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ProxyFix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">wsgi_app</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Please keep in mind that it is a security issue to use such a middleware
in a non-proxy setup because it will blindly trust the incoming
headers which might be forged by malicious clients.</p>
<p>If you want to rewrite the headers from another header, you might want to
use a fixer like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CustomProxyFix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">app</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">app</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__call__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">environ</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">start_response</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">host</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">environ</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'HTTP_X_FHOST'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">environ</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'HTTP_HOST'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">host</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">start_response</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">wsgi_app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CustomProxyFix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">wsgi_app</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
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<h3><a href="../index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Other Servers</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tornado">Tornado</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gevent">Gevent</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gunicorn">Gunicorn</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#proxy-setups">Proxy Setups</a></li>
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<li><a href="../index.html">Documentation overview</a><ul>
<li><a href="index.html">Deployment Options</a><ul>
<li>Previous: <a href="uwsgi.html" title="previous chapter">uWSGI</a></li>
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