# Message catalog file required to replay XaoS tutorials in # English language # # Copyright (C) 1997 by Jan Hubicka # # Corrected by Tim Goowin # Further corrections by David Meleedy # And some more by Nix # # There are a few things you should know if you want to change or # translate this file. # # The format of this catalog is identifier[blanks]"value"[blanks] # # Identifier is a key used by the program. Do not translate it! Only # translate the value. If you want a quote character `"' in the text, # use `\"'. For `\' use `\\'. Don't use `\n' for enter; use a literal # newline. # # If you wish to translate this file into any new language, please let # me know. You should translate this text freely: you don't need to use # exactly the same sentences as here, if you have idea how to make text # more funny, interesting, or add some information, do it. # # You can use longer or shorter sentences, since XaoS will automatically # calculate time for each subtitle. # # Also, please let me have any suggestions for improving this text and # the tutorials. # # Tutorial text needs to fit into a 320x200 screen. So all lines must be # shorter than 40 characters. This is 40 characters: #234567890123456789012345678901234567890 # And thats not much! Be careful! # Please check that your updated tutorials work in 320x200 to ensure # that everything is OK. ######################################################### #For file dimension.xaf fmath "The math behind fractals" fmath1 "Fractals are a very new field of math, so there are still lots of unsolved questions." fmath2 "Even the definitions are not clean" fmath3 "We usually call something a fractal if some self-similarity can be found" def1 "One of the possible definitions is..." #Definition from the intro.xaf is displayed here. #If it is a problem in your langage catalog, let me #know and I will create a special key def2 "What does this mean?" def3 "To explain it we first need to understand what the topological and Hausdorff Besicovich dimensions are." topo1 "The topological dimension is the \"normal\" dimension." topo2 "A point has 0 dimensions" topo3 "A line has 1" topo4 "A surface has 2, etc..." hb1 "The definition of the Hausdorff Besicovich dimension comes from the simple fact that:" hb2 "A line that is zoomed so that it doubles in length is twice as long as it was." hb3 "On the other hand, the size of a square that is similarly zoomed grows by four times." hb4 "Similar rules work in higher dimensions too." hb5 "To calculate dimensions from this fact, you can use the following equation:" hb6 "dimension = log s / log z where z is the zoom change and s is the size change" hb7 "for a line with zoom 2, the size change is also 2. log 2 / log 2 = 1" hb8 "for a square with zoom 2, the size change is 4. log 4 / log 2 = 2" hb9 "So this definition gives the same results for normal shapes" hb10 "Things will become more interesting with fractals..." hb11 "Consider a snowflake curve" hb12 "which is created by repeatedly splitting a line into four lines." hb13 "The new lines are 1/3 the size of the original line" hb14 "After zooming 3 times, these lines will become exactly as big as the original lines." hb15 "Because of the self similarity created by the infinite repeating of this metamorphosis," hb15b "each of these parts will become an exact copy of the original fractal." hb16 "Because there are four such copies, the fractal size grows by 4X" hb17 "After putting these values in equations: log 4 / log 3 = 1.261" hb18 "We get a value greater than 1 (The topological dimension of the curve)" hb19 "The Hausdorff Besicovich dimension (1.261) is greater than the topological dimension." hb20 "According to this definition, the snowflake is a fractal." defe1 "This definition, however, is not perfect since it excludes lots of shapes which are fractals." defe2 "But it shows one of the interesting properties of fractals," defe3 "and it is quite popular." defe4 "The Hausdorff Besicovich dimension is also often called a \"fractal dimension\"" ######################################################### #For file escape.xaf escape "The math behind fractals chapter 2 - Escape time fractals" escape1 "Some fractals (like snowflake) are created by simple subdivision and repetition." escape2 "XaoS can generate a different category of fractals - called escape time fractals." escape3 "The method to generate them is somewhat different, but is also based on using iteration." escape4 "They treat the whole screen as a complex plane" escape5 "The real axis is placed horizontally" escape6 "and the imaginary is placed vertically" escape7 "Each point has its own orbit" escape8 "The trajectory of which is calculated using the iterative function, f(z,c) where z is the previous position and c is the new position on the screen." escape9 "For example in the Mandelbrot set, the iterative function is z=z^c+c" orbit1 "In case we want to examine point 0 - 0.6i" orbit2 "We assign this parameter to c" orbit3 "Iteration of the orbit starts at z=0+0i" orbit3b "Then we repeatedly calculate the iterative function, and we repeatedly get a new z value for the next iteration." orbit4 "We define the point that belongs to the set, in case the orbit stays finite." orbit5 "In this case it does..." orbit6 "So this point is inside the set." orbit7 "In other cases it would go quickly to infinity." orbit8 "(for example, the value 10+0i The first iteration is 110, the second 12110 etc..)" orbit9 "So such points are outside the set." bail1 "We are still speaking about infinite numbers and iterations of infinite numbers..." bail2 "But computers are finite, so they can't calculate fractals exactly." bail3 "It can be proved that in the case where the orbit's distance from zero is more than 2, the orbit always goes to inifinity." bail4 "So we can interrupt calculations after the orbit fails this test. (This is called the bailout test)" bail5 "In cases where we calculate points outside the set, we now need just a finite number of iterations." bail6 "This also creates the colorful stripes around the set." bail7 "They are colored according to the number of iterations of orbits needed to fall in the bailout set." iter1 "Inside the set we still need infinite numbers of calculations" iter2 "The only way to do it is to interrupt the calculations after a given number of iterations and use the approximate results" iter3 "The maximal number of iterations therefore specifies how exact the approximation will be." iter4 "Without any iterations you would create just a circle with a radius of 2 (because of the bailout condition)" iter5 "Greater numbers of iterations makes more exact approximations, but it takes much longer to calculate." limit1 "XaoS, by default, calculates 170 iterations." limit2 "In some areas you could zoom for a long time without reaching this limit." limit3 "In other areas you get inexact results quite soon." limit4 "Images get quite boring when this happens." limit5 "But after increasing the number of iterations, you will get lots of new and exciting details." ofracts1 "Other fractals in XaoS are calculated using different formulae and bailout tests, but the method is basically the same." ofracts2 "So many calculations are required that XaoS performs lots of optimizations. You might want to read about these in the file doc/xaos.info" ######################################################### #For file anim.xaf anim "XaoS features overview Animations and position files" ######################################################### #For file anim.xhf anim2 "As you have probably noticed, XaoS is able to replay animations and tutorials." anim3 "They can be recorded directly from XaoS," languag1 "since animations and position files are stored in a simple command language" languag2 "(position files are just one frame animations)." languag3 "Animations can be manually edited later to achieve more professional results." languag4 "Most animations in these tutorials were written completely manually, starting from just a position file." modif1 "A simple modification" modif2 "generates an \"unzoom\" movie," modif3 "and this modification, a \"zoom\" movie." newanim "You can also write completely new animations and effects." examples "XaoS also comes with many example files, that can be loaded randomly from the save / load menu." examples2 "You can also use position files to exchange coordinates with other programs." examples3 "The only limits are your imagination, and the command language described in xaos.info." ######################################################### #For file barnsley.xaf intro4 "An introduction to fractals Chapter 5-Barnsley's formula" barnsley1 "Another formula introduced by Michael Barnsley" barnsley2 "generates this strange fractal." barnsley3 "It is not very interesting to explore," barnsley4 "but it has beautiful Julias!" barnsley5 "It is interesting because it has a \"crystalline\" structure," barnsley6 "rather than the \"organic\" structure found in many other fractals." barnsley7 "Michael Barnsley has also introduced other formulas." barnsley8 "One of them generates this fractal." ######################################################### #For file filter.xaf filter "XaoS features overview filters" ######################################################### #For file filter.xhf filter1 "A filter is an effect applied to each frame after the fractal is calculated." filter2 "XaoS implements the following filters:" motblur "motion blur," edge "two edge detection filters," edge2 "(the first makes wide lines and is useful at high resolutions," edge3 "the second makes narrower lines)," star "a simple star-field filter," interlace "an interlace filter, (this speeds up calculations and gives the effect of motion blur at higher resolutions)," stereo "a random dot stereogram filter," stereo2 "(if you are unable to see anything in the next images and you can normally see random dot stereograms, you probably have the screen size incorrectly configured---use `xaos -help' for more information)," emboss1 "an emboss filter," #NEW palettef1 "a palette emulator filter, (enables color cycling on truecolor displays)" #NEW truecolorf "a true color filter, (creates true-color images on 8bpp displays)." ######################################################### #For file fractal.xaf end "The end." fcopyright "The introduction to fractals was done by Jan Hubicka in July 1997 and later modified and updated for new versions of XaoS Corrections by: Tim Goodwin and David Meleedy and Nix " # Add your copyright here if you are translating/correcting this file suggestions " Please send all ideas, suggestion, thanks, flames and bug-reports to: xaos-discuss@lists.sourceforge.net Thank You" ######################################################### #For file incolor.xaf incolor1 "Usually, points inside the set are displayed using a single solid color." incolor2 "This makes the set boundaries very visible, but the areas inside the set are quite boring." incolor3 "To make it a bit more interesting, you can use the value of the last orbit to assign color to points inside the set." incolor4 "XaoS has ten different ways to do that. They are called \"in coloring modes\"." zmag "zmag Color is calculated from the magnitude of the last orbit." ######################################################### #For file innew.xaf innew1 "Decomposition like This works in same way as color decomposition in outside coloring modes " innew2 "Real / Imag Color is calculated from the real part of the last orbit divided by the imaginary part." innew3 "The next 6 coloring modes are formulas mostly chosen at random, or copied from other programs." ######################################################### #For file intro.xaf fractal "...Fractals..." fractal1 "What is a fractal?" fractal2 "Benoit Mandelbrot's definition: a fractal is a set for which the Hausdorff Besicovich dimension strictly exceeds the topological dimension." fractal3 "Still in the dark?" fractal4 "Don't worry. This definition is only important if you're a mathematician." fractal5 "In English, a fractal is a shape" fractal6 "that is built from pieces" fractal7 "each of which is approximately a reduced size copy of the whole fractal." fractal8 "This process repeats itself" fractal9 "to build the complete fractal." facts "There are many surprising facts about fractals:" fact1 "Fractals are independent of scale," fact2 "they are self similar," fact3 "and they often resemble objects found in the nature" #fact4 "such as clouds, mountains, #or coastlines." fact5 "There are also many mathematical structures that define fractals," fact6 "like the one you see on the screen." fmath4 "Most fractals are created by an iterative process" fmath5 "for example the fractal known as the von Koch curve" fmath6 "is created by changing one line" fmath7 "into four lines" fmath8 "This is the first iteration of the process" fmath9 "Then we repeat this change" fmath10 "after 2 iterations..." fmath11 "after 3 iterations..." fmath12 "after 4 iterations.." fmath13 "and after an infinite number of iterations we get a fractal." fmath14 "Its shape looks like one third of a snowflake." tree1 "Lots of other shapes could be constructed by similar methods." tree2 "For example by changing a line in a different way" tree3 "We can get a tree." nstr "Iterations can possibly introduce random noise into a fractal" nstr2 "By changing a line into two" nstr3 "lines and adding some small error" nstr4 "you can get fractals looking like a coastline." nstr5 "A similar process could create clouds, mountains, and lots of other shapes from nature" ####################################################### ## mset.xaf fact7 "Undoubtedly the most famous fractal is.." mset "The Mandelbrot Set" mset1 "It is generated from a very simple formula," mset2 "but it is one of the most beautiful fractals." mset3 "Since the Mandelbrot set is a fractal," mset4 "its boundaries contain" mset5 "miniature copies of the whole set." mset6 "This is the largest one, about 50 times smaller than the entire set." mset7 "The Mandelbrot set is not completely self similar," mset8 "so each miniature copy is different." mset9 "This one is about 76,000 times smaller than the whole." mset10 "Copies in different parts of the set differ more." nat "The boundaries don't just contain copies of the whole set," nat1 "but a truly infinite variety of different shapes." nat2 "Some of them are surprisingly similar to those found in nature:" nat3 "you can see trees," nat4 "rivers with lakes," nat5 "galaxies," nat6 "and waterfalls." nat7 "The Mandelbrot set also contains many completely novel shapes." ############################################################################### ############ juliach "An introduction to fractals Chapter 2-Julia" julia "The Mandelbrot set is not the only fractal generated by the formula: z=z^2+c" julia1 "The other is..." julia2 "the Julia set" julia3 "There is not just one Julia set," julia4 "but an infinite variety of them." julia5 "Each is constructed from a \"seed\"," julia6 "which is a point selected from the Mandelbrot set." julia7 "The Mandelbrot set can be seen as a map of various Julia sets." julia8 "Points inside the Mandelbrot set correspond to Julias with large connected black areas," julia9 "whereas points outside the Mandelbrot set correspond to disconnected Julias." julia10 "The most interesting Julias have their seed just at the boundaries of the Mandelbrot set." theme "The theme of a Julia set also depends heavily on the seed point you choose." theme1 "When you zoom in to the Mandelbrot set, you will get a very thematically similar fractal" theme2 "when switching to the corresponding Julia." theme3 "But zoom out again, and you discover" theme4 "that you are in a completely different fractal." theme5 "Julia sets may seem to be quite boring since they don't change themes" theme6 "and remain faithful to the seed chosen from the Mandelbrot set." theme7 "But by carefully choosing the seed point you can generate" theme8 "beautiful images." ######################################################### #For file keys.xhf keys "Keys: q - stop replay Space - skip frame (can take a while) Left/Right - adjust speed of subtitles" ######################################################### #For file magnet.xaf intro7 "An introduction to fractals Chapter 8-Magnet" magnet "This is NOT the Mandelbrot set." magnet1 "This fractal is called \"magnet\" since its formula comes from theoretical physics." magnet2 "It is derived from the study of theoretical lattices in the context of magnetic renormalization transformations." similiar "Its similarity to the Mandelbrot set is interesting since this is a real world formula." magjulia "Its julia sets are quite unusual." magnet3 "There is also a second magnet fractal." ######################################################### #For file new.xaf new "What's new in version 3.0?" speed "1. Speedups" speed1 "The main calculation loops are now unrolled and do periodicity checking." speed2 "New images are calculated using boundary detection," speed3 "so calculating new images is now much faster." speed4 "For example, calculation of the Mandelbrot set at 1,000,000 iterations..." speed5 "calculating..." speed6 "finished." speed7 "XaoS has a heuristic that automatically disables periodicity checking when it doesn't expect the calculated point to be inside the set (when all surrounding points aren't)." speed8 "Also the main zooming routines have been optimized so zooming is approximately twice as fast." speed9 "XaoS now reaches 130FPS on my 130Mhz Pentium." new2 "2. Filters." new3 "3. Nine out-coloring modes." new4 "4. New in-coloring modes." new5 "5. True-color coloring modes." new6 "6. Animation save/replay." newend "And many other enhancements, such as image rotation, better palette generation... See the ChangeLog for a complete list of changes." #NEW ######################################################### #For file newton.xaf intro3 "An introduction to fractals Chapter 4-Newton's method" newton "This fractal is generated by a completely different formula:" newton1 "Newton's numerical method for finding the roots of a polynomial x^3=1." newton2 "It counts the number of iterations required to get the approximate root." newton3 "You can see the three roots as blue circles." newton4 "The most interesting parts are in places where the starting point is almost equidistant from two or three roots." newton5 "This fractal is very self similar and not very interesting to explore." newton6 "But XaoS is able to generate \"Julia-like\" sets," newton7 "where it uses the error in the approximation as the seed." newton8 "This makes the Newton fractal more interesting." newton9 "XaoS can also generate an other Newton fractal." newton10 "Newton's numerical method for finding the roots of a polynomial x^4=1." newton11 "You can see the four roots as blue circles." ######################################################### #For file octo.xaf intro6 "An introduction to fractals Chapter 7-Octo" octo "Octo is a less well known fractal." octo1 "We've chosen it for XaoS because of its unusual shape." octo2 "XaoS is also able to generate \"Julia-like\" sets, similar to those in the Newton set." ######################################################### #For file outcolor.xaf outcolor "Out coloring modes" outcolor1 "The Mandelbrot set is just the boring black lake in the middle of screen" outcolor2 "The colorful stripes around it are the boundaries of the set." outcolor3 "Normally the coloring is based on the number of iterations required to reach the bail-out value." outcolor4 "But there are other ways to do the coloring." outcolor5 "XaoS calls them out-coloring modes." iterreal "iter+real This mode colors the boundaries by adding the real part of the last orbit to the number of iterations." iterreal1 "You can use it to make quite boring images more interesting." iterimag "iter+imag is similar to iter+real." iterimag2 "The only difference is that it uses the imaginary part of the last orbit." iprdi "iter+real/imag This mode colors the boundaries by adding the number of iterations to the real part of the last orbit divided by the imaginary part." sum "iter+real+imag+real/imag is the sum of all the previous coloring modes." decomp "binary decomposition When the imaginary part is greater than zero, this mode uses the number of iterations; otherwise it uses the maximal number of iterations minus the number of iterations of binary decomposition." bio "biomorphs This coloring mode is so called since it makes some fractals look like one celled animals." ######################################################### #For file outnew.xhf potential "potential This coloring mode looks very good in true-color for unzoomed images." cdecom "color decomposition" cdecom2 "In this mode, the color is calculated from the angle of the last orbit." cdecom3 "It is similar to binary decomposition but interpolates colors smoothly." cdecom4 "For the Newton type, it can be used to color the set based on which root is found, rather than the number of iterations." smooth "smooth Smooth coloring mode tries to remove stripes caused by iterations and make smooth gradations." smooth1 "It does not work for the Newton set and magnet formulae since they have finite attractors." smooth2 "And it only works for true color and high color display modes. So if you have 8bpp, you will need to enable the true color filter." ######################################################### #For file outnew.xhf intro5 "An introduction to fractals Chapter 6-Phoenix" phoenix "This is the Mandelbrot set for a formula known as Phoenix." phoenix1 "It looks different than the other fractals in XaoS, but some similarity to the Mandelbrot set can be found:" phoenix2 "the Phoenix set also contains a \"tail\" with miniature copies of the whole set," phoenix3 "there is still a correspondence of \"theme\" between the Mandelbrot version and the Julias," phoenix4 "but the Julias are very different." ######################################################### #For file plane.xaf plane1 "Usually, the real part of a point in the complex plane is mapped to the x coordinate on the screen; the imaginary part is mapped to the y coordinate." plane2 "XaoS provides 6 alternative mapping modes" plane3 "1/mu This is an inversion - areas from infinity come to 0 and 0 is mapped to infinity. This lets you see what happens to a fractal when it is infinitely unzoomed." plane4 "This is a normal Mandelbrot..." plane5 "and this is an inverted one." plane6 "As you can see, the set was in the center and now it is all around. The infinitely large blue area around the set is mapped into the small circle around 0." plane7 "The next few images will be shown in normal, and then inverted mode to let you see what happens" plane8 "1/mu+0.25 This is another inverted mode, but with a different center of inversion. " plane9 "Since the center of inversion lies at the boundary of Mandelbrot set, you can now see infinite parabolic boundaries." plane10 "It has an interesting effect on other fractals too, since it usually breaks their symmetry." lambda "The lambda plane provides a completely different view." ilambda "1/lambda This is a combination of inversion and the lambda plane." imlambda "1/(lambda-1) This is combination of lambda, move, and inversion." imlambda2 "It gives a very interesting deformation of the Mandelbrot set." mick "1/(mu-1.40115) This again, is inversion with a moved center. The center is now placed into Feigenbaum points - points where the Mandelbrot set is self similar. This highly magnifies the details around this point." ######################################################### #For file power.xaf intro2 "An introduction to fractals Chapter 3-Higher power Mandelbrot sets" power "z^2+c is not the only formula that generates fractals." power2 "Just a slightly modified one: x^3+c generates a similar fractal." power3 "And it is, of course, also full of copies of the main set." power4 "Similar fractals can be generated by slightly modified formulae" pjulia "and each has a corresponding series of Julia sets too." ######################################################### #For file truecolor.xaf truecolor "True-color coloring modes" truecolor1 "Usually fractals are colored using a palette. In true-color mode, the palette is emulated." truecolor2 "The only difference is that the palette is bigger and colors are smoothly interpolated in coloring modes." truecolor3 "True-color coloring mode uses a completely different technique. It uses various parameters from the calculation" truecolor4 "to generate an exact color - not just an index into the palette." truecolor5 "This makes it possible to display up to four values in each pixel." truecolor6 "True color coloring mode of course requires true color. So on 8bpp displays, you need to enable the true-color filter." ######################################################### #for file pert.xaf #NEW (up to end of file) pert0 "Perturbation" pert1 "Just as the Julia formula uses different seeds to generate various Julias from one formula," pert2 "you can change the perturbation value for the Mandelbrot sets." pert3 "It changes the starting position of the orbit from the default value of 0." pert4 "Its value doesn't affect the resulting fractal as much as the seed does for the Julias, but it is useful when you want to make a fractal more random." ########################################################## #for file palette.xaf pal "Random palettes" pal0 "XaoS doesn't come with large library of predefined palettes like many other programs, but generates random palettes." pal1 "So you can simply keep pressing 'P' until XaoS generates a palette that you like for your fractal." pal2 "Three different algorithms are used:" pal3 "The first makes stripes going from some color to black." pal4 "The second makes stripes from black to some color to white." pal5 "The third is inspired by cubist paintings." ########################################################### #for file other.xaf auto1 "Autopilot" auto2 "If you are lazy, you can enable autopilot to let XaoS explore a fractal automatically." fastjulia1 "Fast Julia browsing mode" fastjulia2 "This mode lets you morph the Julia set according to the current seed." fastjulia3 "It is also useful as a preview of an area before you zoom in - because of the thematic correspondence between the Julia and the point you choose, you can see the approximate theme around a point before you zoom in." rotation "Image rotation" cycling "Color cycling" bailout "Bailout" bailout1 "That's the Mandelbrot set with an outcoloring mode 'smooth.'" bailout2 "By increasing bailout to 64, you get more balanced color transitions." bailout3 "For most fractal types different bailout values result in similar fractals." bailout4 "That's not true for Barnsley fractals." ############################################## #for file trice.xaf trice1 "Triceratops and Catseye fractals" trice2 "If you change the bailout value" trice3 "of an escape-time fractal" trice4 "to a smaller value," trice5 "you will get an other fractal." trice6 "With this method we can get" trice7 "very interesting patterns" trice8 "with separate areas of one color." trice9 "The Triceratops fractal" trice10 "is also made with this method." trice11 "Many similar pictures can be" trice12 "made of Triceratops." trice13 "The Catseye fractal" trice14 "is like an eye of a cat." trice15 "But if we raise the bailout value..." trice16 "...we get a more interesting fractal..." trice17 "...with bubbles..." trice18 "...and beautiful Julias." ############################################## #for file fourfr.xaf fourfr1 "Mandelbar, Lambda, Manowar and Spider" fourfr2 "This is the Mandelbar set." fourfr3 "It's formula is: z = (conj(z))^2 + c" fourfr4 "Some of its Julias are interesting." fourfr5 "But let's see other fractals now." fourfr6 "The Lambda fractal has a structure" fourfr7 "similar to Mandelbrot's." fourfr8 "It's like the Mandelbrot set on the lambda plane." fourfr9 "But Lambda is a Julia set, here is MandelLambda." fourfr10 "...fast Julia mode..." fourfr11 "This is the fractal Manowar." fourfr12 "It was found by a user of Fractint." fourfr13 "It has Julias similar to the whole set." fourfr14 "This fractal is called Spider." fourfr15 "It was found by a user of Fractint, too." fourfr16 "And it has Julias similar to the whole set, too." ############################################## #for file classic.xaf classic1 "Sierpinski Gasket, S.Carpet, Koch Snowflake" classic2 "This is the famous Sierpinski Gasket fractal." classic3 "And this is the escape-time variant of it." classic4 "You can change its shape by selecting" classic5 "another 'Julia seed'" classic6 "This fractal is the Sierpinski Carpet." classic7 "And here is it's escape-time variant." classic8 "This is famous, too." classic9 "And finally, this is the escape-time variant" classic10 "of the Koch Snowflake." ############################################## #for file otherfr.xaf otherfr1 "Other fractal types in XaoS"