# las_synset

pos: n
definition:
white-flowered pyrethrum of Balkan area whose pinnate leaves are white and silky-hairy below; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum


pos: n
definition:
bushy aromatic European perennial herb having clusters of buttonlike white-rayed flower heads; valued traditionally for medicinal uses; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum


pos: n
definition:
common perennial aromatic herb native to Eurasia having buttonlike yellow flower heads and bitter-tasting pinnate leaves sometimes used medicinally


pos: n
definition:
any of several herbs of the genus Taraxacum having long tap roots and deeply notched leaves and bright yellow flowers followed by fluffy seed balls


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Tithonia; tall coarse herbs or shrubs of Mexico to Panama having large flower heads resembling sunflowers with yellow disc florets and golden-yellow to orange-scarlet rays


pos: n
definition:
Mediterranean biennial herb with long-stemmed heads of purple ray flowers and milky sap and long edible root; naturalized throughout United States


pos: n
definition:
genus of low creeping yellow-flowered perennial herbs of north temperate regions: coltsfoots; in some classifications includes species often placed in other genera especially Homogyne and Petasites


pos: n
definition:
perennial herb with large rounded leaves resembling a colt's foot and yellow flowers appearing before the leaves do; native to Europe but now nearly cosmopolitan; used medicinally especially formerly


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Ursinia grown for their yellow- or orange- or white-rayed flowers


pos: n
definition:
herbs and shrubs of warm North America to Mexico; includes plants formerly placed in genus Actinomeris


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Vernonia of tropical and warm regions of especially North America that take their name from their loose heads of purple to rose flowers that quickly take on a rusty hue


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Xeranthemum native to southern Europe having chaffy or silvery flower heads with purplish tubular flowers


pos: n
definition:
mostly widely cultivated species of everlasting flowers having usually purple flowers; southern Europe to Iran; naturalized elsewhere


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Zinnia cultivated for their variously and brightly colored flower heads


pos: n
definition:
any of various perennial South American plants of the genus Loasa having stinging hairs and showy white or yellow or reddish-orange flowers


pos: n
definition:
bellflower of Europe and Asia and North Africa having bluish flowers and an edible tuberous root used with the leaves in salad


pos: n
definition:
enormous cosmopolitan family of perennial terrestrial or epiphytic plants with fleshy tubers or rootstocks and unusual flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous plants of the orchid family usually having flowers of unusual shapes and beautiful colors


pos: n
definition:
any of various deciduous terrestrial orchids having fleshy tubers and flowers in erect terminal racemes


pos: n
definition:
any of various spectacular orchids of the genus Angraecum having dark green leathery leaves and usually nocturnally scented white or ivory flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of various orchids of the genus Bletia having pseudobulbs and erect leafless racemes of large purple or pink flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of various tropical American orchids with usually solitary fleshy leaves and showy white to green nocturnally fragrant blossoms solitary or in racemes of up to 7


pos: n
definition:
genus of tropical American epiphytic orchids having striking axillary racemes of yellow to green spiderlike flowers with long slender sepals and warty lips: spider orchids


pos: n
definition:
any of various showy orchids of the genus Calanthe having white or yellow or rose-colored flowers and broad leaves folded lengthwise


pos: n
definition:
rare north temperate bog orchid bearing a solitary white to pink flower marked with purple at the tip of an erect reddish stalk above 1 basal leaf


pos: n
definition:
genus of tropical American orchids having showy male and female flowers usually on separate inflorescences


pos: n
definition:
any orchid of the genus Cattleya characterized by a three-lobed lip enclosing the column; among the most popular and most extravagantly beautiful orchids known


pos: n
definition:
terrestrial orchids of North and South America having slender fibrous roots; allied to genus Pogonia


pos: n
definition:
any of various orchids of the genus Coelogyne with: clusters of fragrant lacy snow-white flowers; salmon-pink solitary flowers; chainlike racemes of topaz and chocolate brown flowers; spikes of delicate white spice-scented flowers; emerald green flowers marked with blue-black


pos: n
definition:
genus of leafless root-parasitic orchids having small purplish or yellowish racemose flowers with lobed lips; widely distributed in temperate regions


pos: n
definition:
any of several orchids of the genus Coryanthes having racemes of a few musky-scented waxy flowers with a helmet-shaped lip process


pos: n
definition:
any of several orchids of the genus Cycnoches having slender arching columns of flowers suggesting the neck of a swan


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Cymbidium having narrow leaves and a long drooping cluster of numerous showy and variously colored boat-shaped flowers; extensively hybridized and cultivated as houseplants and important florists' flowers


pos: n
definition:
genus of chiefly American perennial leafy-stemmed orchids: lady's slippers; sometimes includes species of genus Paphiopedilum


pos: n
definition:
any orchid of the genus Disa; beautiful orchids with dark green leaves and usually hooded flowers; much prized as emblematic flowers in their native regions


pos: n
definition:
comprises tropical American species usually placed in genus Masdevallia: diminutive plants having bizarre and often sinister-looking flowers with pendulous scapes and motile lips


pos: n
definition:
comprises tropical American species usually placed in genus Masdevallia: very dwarf plants having short tufted and usually unifoliate stems with usually solitary flowers


pos: n
definition:
large genus of epiphytic and lithophytic orchids of tropical and subtropical Americas and West Indies; formerly included in genus Epidendrum


pos: n
definition:
large and variable genus of terrestrial or epiphytic or lithophytic orchids of tropical and subtropical Americas; some native to United States


pos: n
definition:
orchid growing along streams or ponds of western North America having leafy stems and 1 greenish-brown and pinkish flower in the axil of each upper leaf


pos: n
definition:
orchid having blue to purple flowers with tongue-shaped or strap-shaped protuberances (calli) at the lip base


pos: n
definition:
genus of small orchids of the northern hemisphere with creeping rhizomes and stalked ovate leaves and small flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of several small temperate and tropical orchids having mottled or striped leaves and spikes of small yellowish-white flowers in a twisted raceme


pos: n
definition:
small genus of large epiphytic or terrestrial orchids of southeastern Asia to Polynesia; the giants of the Orchidaceae having long narrow leaves and drooping flower clusters often 6 feet long


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definition:
chiefly terrestrial orchids with tubers or fleshy roots often having long slender spurs and petals and lip lobes; includes species formerly placed in genus Gymnadeniopsis


pos: n
definition:
an orchid of the genus Liparis having few leaves and usually fairly small yellow-green or dull purple flowers in terminal racemes


pos: n
definition:
genus of terrestrial orchids having usually a single pair of broad shining leaves near the middle of the stem; found in temperate Asia and North America and Europe


pos: n
definition:
orchid having a pair of ovate leaves and a long slender raceme of green flowers sometimes tinged red-brown; Europe to central Asia


pos: n
definition:
large genus of largely terrestrial orchids with one or a few plicate leaves and slender spikes or tiny mostly green flowers; cosmopolitan


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous orchids of the genus Masdevallia; tufted evergreen often diminutive plants whose flowers in a remarkable range of colors usually resemble a tricorn with sepals fused at the base to form a tube


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous orchids of the genus Maxillaria often cultivated for their large brilliantly colored solitary flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous and diverse orchids of the genus Odontoglossum having racemes of few to many showy usually large flowers in many colors


pos: n
definition:
any orchid of the genus Oncidium: characterized by slender branching sprays of small yellow and brown flowers; often grown as houseplants


pos: n
definition:
horticulturally important genus of mainly terrestrial orchids including many hybrids; southeastern Asia and Indonesia to Philippines and Solomon Islands; Paphiopedilum species sometimes included in genus Cypripedium


pos: n
definition:
genus of tropical American orchid species often included in genus Cypripedium or Paphiopedilum and Selenipedium: lady slippers


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous small tufted orchids of the genus Pleurothallis having leathery to fleshy leaves and racemes of 1 to many small flowers


pos: n
definition:
any hardy bog orchid of the genus Pogonia: terrestrial orchids having slender rootstocks and erect stems bearing one or a few leaves and a solitary terminal flower


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous orchids of the genus Pterostylis having leaves in a basal rosette and green flowers often striped purple or brown or red with the dorsal sepal incurved to form a hood


pos: n
definition:
diminutive epiphytic or lithophytic orchids with clumped short-stemmed foliage and arching racemes of colorful flowers; Australia and Polynesia to southeastern Asia


pos: n
definition:
comprises some tropical American species usually placed in genus Masdevallia: diminutive plants with small flowers carried on one scape


pos: n
definition:
genus of tall reedlike tropical American orchids; includes species with pods used locally as a substitute for vanilla


pos: n
definition:
any of various showy orchids of the genus Sobralia having leafy stems and bright-colored solitary or racemose flowers similar to those of genus Cattleya


pos: n
definition:
any of various orchids of the genus Stanhopea having a single large leaf and loose racemes of large fragrant flowers of various colors; Mexico to Brazil


pos: n
definition:
any of various small tropical American orchids of the genus Stelis having long slender racemes of numerous small to minute flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous climbing plants of the genus Vanilla having fleshy leaves and clusters of large waxy highly fragrant white or green or topaz flowers


pos: n
definition:
a crystalline compound found in vanilla beans and some balsam resins; used in perfumes and flavorings


pos: n
definition:
type genus of the Burmanniaceae; slender herbs of warm regions with leaves resembling scales and flowers with a three-angled or three-winged perianth


pos: n
definition:
a genus of tuberous vines of the family Dioscoreaceae; has twining stems and heart-shaped leaves and axillary racemes


pos: n
definition:
a dicotyledonous family of the order Primulales with a regular flower; widely distributed in the northern hemisphere


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous short-stemmed plants of the genus Primula having tufted basal leaves and showy flowers clustered in umbels or heads


pos: n
definition:
Mediterranean plant widely cultivated as a houseplant for its showy dark green leaves splotched with silver and nodding white or pink to reddish flowers with reflexed petals


pos: n
definition:
loosestrife: a cosmopolitan genus found in damp or swampy terrain having usually yellow flowers; inclined to be invasive


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous sun-loving low-growing evergreens of the genus Armeria having round heads of pink or white flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Limonium of temperate salt marshes having spikes of white or mauve flowers


pos: n
definition:
family of mainly tropical American trees and shrubs similar to those of the Myrsinaceae; often included in the Myrsinaceae


pos: n
definition:
narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay


pos: n
definition:
any of various grasses of many genera that grow in tufts or clumps rather than forming a sod or mat; chiefly of western United States


pos: n
definition:
any of various grasses of moderate height which covered the undisturbed prairie in the United States; includes most of the forage grasses of the temperate zone


pos: n
definition:
any of various grasses that are short and can tolerate drought conditions; common on the dry upland plains just east of the Rocky Mountains


pos: n
definition:
annual or perennial grasses cosmopolitan in northern hemisphere: bent grass (so named from `bent' meaning an area of unfenced grassland)


pos: n
definition:
annual or perennial grasses including decorative and meadow species as well as notorious agricultural weeds


pos: n
definition:
grasses of the genera Alopecurus and Setaria having dense silky or bristly brushlike flowering spikes


pos: n
definition:
annual grass of Europe and North Africa; grains used as food and fodder (referred to primarily in the plural: `oats')


pos: n
definition:
trailing grass native to Europe now cosmopolitan in warm regions; used for lawns and pastures especially in southern United States and India


pos: n
definition:
coarse annual grass having fingerlike spikes of flowers; native to Old World tropics; a naturalized weed elsewhere


pos: n
definition:
an African grass economically important as a cereal grass (yielding white flour of good quality) as well as for forage and hay


pos: n
definition:
grass with wide flat leaves cultivated in Europe and America for permanent pasture and hay and for lawns


pos: n
definition:
weedy annual grass often occurs in grainfields and other cultivated land; seeds sometimes considered poisonous


pos: n
definition:
tall tufted perennial tropical American grass naturalized as pasture and forage grass in southern United States


pos: n
definition:
tall North American reed having relative wide leaves and large plumelike panicles; widely distributed in moist areas; used for mats, screens and arrow shafts


pos: n
definition:
tall tropical southeast Asian grass having stout fibrous jointed stalks; sap is a chief source of sugar


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definition:
juicy canes whose sap is a source of molasses and commercial sugar; fresh canes are sometimes chewed for the juice


pos: n
definition:
hardy annual cereal grass widely cultivated in northern Europe where its grain is the chief ingredient of black bread and in North America for forage and soil improvement


pos: n
definition:
grasses of grasslands and woodlands having large gracefully arching spikes with long bristles beneath each spikelet


pos: n
definition:
any of various small-grained annual cereal and forage grasses of the genera Panicum, Echinochloa, Setaria, Sorghum, and Eleusine


pos: n
definition:
the stem of various climbing palms of the genus Calamus and related genera used to make wickerwork and furniture and canes


pos: n
definition:
tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites


pos: n
definition:
important for human and animal food; growth habit and stem form similar to Indian corn but having sawtooth-edged leaves


pos: n
definition:
sorghums of China and Manchuria having small white or brown grains (used for food) and dry pithy stalks (used for fodder, fuel and thatching)


pos: n
definition:
grass native to West Indies but common in southern United States having tufted wiry stems often infested with a dark fungus


pos: n
definition:
wheat with hard dark-colored kernels high in gluten and used for bread and pasta; grown especially in southern Russia, North Africa, and northern central North America


pos: n
definition:
tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times


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definition:
(Great Britain) any of various cereal plants (especially the dominant crop of the region--wheat in Great Britain or oats in Scotland and Ireland)


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definition:
grasslike or rushlike plant growing in wet places having solid stems, narrow grasslike leaves and spikelets of inconspicuous flowers


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definition:
any of various Old World tropical palmlike trees having huge prop roots and edible conelike fruits and leaves like pineapple leaves


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definition:
tall marsh plant with cylindrical seed heads that explode when mature shedding large quantities of down; its long flat leaves are used for making mats and chair seats; of North America, Europe, Asia and North Africa


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definition:
a coarse vine widely cultivated for its large pulpy round orange fruit with firm orange skin and numerous seeds; subspecies of Cucurbita pepo include the summer squashes and a few autumn squashes


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definition:
any of various squash plants grown for their elongated fruit with smooth dark green skin and whitish flesh


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definition:
plant bearing squash having globose to ovoid fruit with variously striped grey and green and white warty rinds


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definition:
perennial vine of dry parts of central and southwestern United States and Mexico having small hard mottled green inedible fruit


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definition:
a vine of the genus Bryonia having large leaves and small flowers and yielding acrid juice with emetic and purgative properties


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definition:
any of various fruit of cucurbitaceous vines including: muskmelons; watermelons; cantaloupes; cucumbers


pos: n
definition:
any of several tropical annual climbers having large yellow flowers and edible young fruits; grown commercially for the mature fruit's dried fibrous interior that is used as a sponge


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definition:
the dried fibrous part of the fruit of a plant of the genus Luffa; used as a washing sponge or strainer


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definition:
not recognized in all classification systems; in some classifications lobeliaceous plants are included in family Campanulaceae


pos: n
definition:
North American wild lobelia having small blue flowers and inflated capsules formerly used as an antispasmodic


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definition:
erect or decumbent Old World perennial with axillary clusters of rosy-purple flowers; introduced in United States


pos: n
definition:
tall coarse annual of Old World tropics widely cultivated in southern United States and West Indies for its long mucilaginous green pods used as basis for soups and stews; sometimes placed in genus Hibiscus


pos: n
definition:
bushy herb of tropical Asia grown for its yellow or pink to scarlet blooms that resemble the hibiscus


pos: n
definition:
tall annual herb or subshrub of tropical Asia having velvety leaves and yellow flowers and yielding a strong fiber; naturalized in southeastern Europe and United States


pos: n
definition:
genus of erect herbs of the Middle East having showy flowers: hollyhocks; in some classification systems synonymous with genus Althaea


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definition:
any of various tall plants of the genus Alcea; native to the Middle East but widely naturalized and cultivated for its very large variously colored flowers


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definition:
erect forest tree of Cuba and Jamaica having variably hairy leaves and orange-yellow or orange-red flowers; yields a moderately dense timber for cabinetwork and gunstocks


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definition:
East Indian sparsely prickly annual herb or perennial subshrub widely cultivated for its fleshy calyxes used in tarts and jelly and for its bast fiber


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definition:
shrubby tree widely distributed along tropical shores; yields a light tough wood used for canoe outriggers and a fiber used for cordage and caulk; often cultivated for ornament


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definition:
small tree or shrub of New Zealand having a profusion of axillary clusters of honey-scented paper-white flowers and whose bark is used for cordage


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definition:
arborescent perennial shrub having palmately lobed furry leaves and showy red-purple flowers; southwestern United States


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definition:
any of various plants of the genus Malvaviscus having brilliant bell-shaped drooping flowers like incompletely opened hibiscus flowers


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definition:
deciduous New Zealand tree whose inner bark yields a strong fiber that resembles flax and is called New Zealand cotton


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definition:
herb widely distributed in tropics and subtropics used for forage and medicinally as a demulcent and having a fine soft bast stronger than jute; sometimes an aggressive weed


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definition:
genus of showy plants of western North America having palmate leaves and variously colored racemose flowers


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definition:
African tree having an exceedingly thick trunk and fruit that resembles a gourd and has an edible pulp called monkey bread


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definition:
massive tropical tree with deep ridges on its massive trunk and bearing large pods of seeds covered with silky floss; source of the silky kapok fiber


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definition:
evergreen tree with large leathery leaves and large pink to orange flowers; considered a link plant between families Bombacaceae and Sterculiaceae


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definition:
forest tree of lowland Central America having a strong very light wood; used for making floats and rafts and in crafts


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definition:
genus of trees and shrubs widely distributed in warm regions some yielding useful timber; in some classifications included in the family Santalaceae


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definition:
Australian tree having hard white timber and glossy green leaves with white flowers followed by one-seeded glossy blue fruit


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definition:
graceful deciduous shrub or small tree having attractive foliage and small red berries that turn black at maturity and are used for making wine


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definition:
a fast-growing tropical American evergreen having white flowers and white fleshy edible fruit; bark yields a silky fiber used in cordage and wood is valuable for staves


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definition:
large tree of Old World tropics having foul-smelling orange-red blossoms followed by red pods enclosing oil-rich seeds sometimes used as food


pos: n
definition:
widely distributed tree of eastern Australia yielding a tough durable fiber and soft light attractively grained wood; foliage is an important emergency food for cattle


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definition:
any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Dombeya grown for their rounded clusters of exquisite often sweet-scented flowers usually hanging beneath the leaves


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definition:
any of several handsome evergreen shrubs of California and northern Mexico having downy lobed leaves and showy yellow flowers


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definition:
genus of shrubs and small trees of tropical America and Asia having cylindrical fruits spirally twisted around one another


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definition:
small genus of timber trees of eastern Asia, Australasia and tropical Africa that form large buttresses


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definition:
African shrub having decumbent stems and slender yellow honey-scented flowers either solitary or in pairs


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definition:
Indian tree having fragrant nocturnal white flowers and yielding a reddish wood used for planking; often grown as an ornamental or shade tree


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definition:
large west African tree having large palmately lobed leaves and axillary cymose panicles of small white flowers and one-winged seeds; yields soft white to pale yellow wood


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definition:
chiefly trees and shrubs of tropical and temperate regions of especially southeastern Asia and Brazil; genera Tilia, Corchorus, Entelea, Grewia, Sparmannia


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definition:
deciduous trees with smooth usually silver-grey bark of North America and Europe and Asia: lime trees; lindens; basswood


pos: n
definition:
any of various deciduous trees of the genus Tilia with heart-shaped leaves and drooping cymose clusters of yellowish often fragrant flowers; several yield valuable timber


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definition:
soft light-colored wood of any of various linden trees; used in making crates and boxes and in carving and millwork


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definition:
any of various plants of the genus Corchorus having large leaves and cymose clusters of yellow flowers; a source of jute


pos: n
definition:
drought-resistant Asiatic treelike shrub bearing pleasantly acid small red edible fruits commonly used in sherbets


pos: n
definition:
a plant lacking a permanent woody stem; many are flowering garden plants or potherbs; some having medicinal properties; some are pests


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definition:
any of various herbaceous plants cultivated for an edible part such as the fruit or the root of the beet or the leaf of spinach or the seeds of bean plants or the flower buds of broccoli or cauliflower


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definition:
a group of trees and shrubs and herbs mostly with polypetalous flowers; contains 108 families including Rosaceae; Crassulaceae; Myrtaceae; Melastomaceae; Euphorbiaceae; Umbelliferae


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definition:
plants having umbels or corymbs of uniovulate flowers; includes the Umbelliferae (chiefly herbs) and Cornaceae (chiefly trees or shrubs)


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definition:
large family of Australian and South African shrubs and trees with leathery leaves and clustered mostly tetramerous flowers; constitutes the order Proteales


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definition:
any tropical African shrub of the genus Protea having alternate rigid leaves and dense colorful flower heads resembling cones


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definition:
any shrub or tree of the genus Banksia having alternate leathery leaves apetalous yellow flowers often in showy heads and conelike fruit with winged seeds


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definition:
small genus of South American evergreen shrubs or small trees with long willowy branches and flowers in flamboyant terminal clusters


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definition:
Australian shrubs and small trees with evergreen usually spiny leaves and dense clusters of showy flowers


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definition:
large bushy shrub with pungent pointed leaves and creamy white flowers; central and eastern Australia


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definition:
large genus of evergreen trees and shrubs having silvery white leaves and solitary terminal flowers with conspicuous silvery bracts


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definition:
any of numerous shrubs and small trees having hard narrow leaves and long-lasting yellow or white flowers followed by small edible but insipid fruits


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definition:
tree or tall shrub with shiny leaves and umbels of fragrant creamy-white flowers; yields hard heavy reddish wood


pos: n
definition:
tall shrub of eastern Australia having oblanceolate to obovate leaves and red flowers in compact racemes


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definition:
any of various trees and shrubs of the genus Casuarina having jointed stems and whorls of scalelike leaves; some yield heavy hardwood


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definition:
any of several Australian trees of the genus Casuarina yielding heavy hard red wood used in cabinetwork


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definition:
any of several heavy hard reddish chiefly tropical woods of the families Casuarinaceae and Proteaceae; some used for cabinetwork


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definition:
evergreen treelike Mediterranean shrub having fragrant white flowers in large terminal panicles and hard woody roots used to make tobacco pipes


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definition:
wiry evergreen shrub having pendent clusters of white or pink flowers; of wet acidic areas in Arctic and Canada to northeastern United States


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definition:
evergreen tree of the Pacific coast of North America having glossy leathery leaves and orange-red edible berries; wood used for furniture and bark for tanning


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definition:
evergreen mat-forming shrub of North America and northern Eurasia having small white flowers and red berries; leaves turn red in autumn


pos: n
definition:
common Old World heath represented by many varieties; low evergreen grown widely in the northern hemisphere


pos: n
definition:
low tufted evergreen shrubs of colder parts of north temperate regions having moss-like foliage and nodding white or pink flowers


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definition:
low-growing evergreen shrub of eastern North America with leathery leaves and clusters of fragrant pink or white flowers


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definition:
creeping shrub of eastern North America having white bell-shaped flowers followed by spicy red berrylike fruit and shiny aromatic leaves that yield wintergreen oil


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definition:
small evergreen shrub of Pacific coast of North America having edible dark purple grape-sized berries


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definition:
North American dwarf shrub resembling mountain laurel but having narrower leaves and small red flowers; poisonous to young stock


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definition:
any plant of the genus Leucothoe; grown for their beautiful white flowers; glossy foliage contains a poisonous substance similar to that found in genus Kalmia


pos: n
definition:
evergreen or deciduous shrubs or small trees of United States to Antilles and eastern Asia to the Himalaya


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definition:
deciduous shrub of coastal plain of the eastern United States having nodding pinkish-white flowers; poisonous to stock


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definition:
showy evergreen shrub of southeastern United States with shiny leaves and angled branches and clusters of pink to reddish flowers that resemble an umbel


pos: n
definition:
deciduous shrubby tree of eastern North America having deeply fissured bark and sprays of small fragrant white flowers and sour-tasting leaves


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definition:
any shrub of the genus Rhododendron: evergreen shrubs or small shrubby trees having leathery leaves and showy clusters of campanulate (bell-shaped) flowers


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definition:
group of evergreen or deciduous shrubs formerly considered a separate genus; now included in the genus Rhododendron


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definition:
small branching blueberry common in marshy areas of the eastern United States having greenish or yellowish unpalatable berries reputedly eaten by deer


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definition:
low evergreen shrub of high north temperate regions of Europe and Asia and America bearing red edible berries


pos: n
definition:
tufted evergreen perennial herb having spikes of tiny white flowers and glossy green round to heart-shaped leaves that become coppery to maroon or purplish in fall


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definition:
creeping evergreen shrub having narrow overlapping leaves and early white star-shaped flowers; of the pine barrens of New Jersey and the Carolinas


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Shortia; evergreen perennial herbs with smooth leathery basal leaves and showy white solitary flowers


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definition:
any heathlike evergreen shrub of the genus Epacris grown for their showy and crowded spikes of small bell-shaped or tubular flowers


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definition:
small prostrate or ascending shrub having scarlet flowers and succulent fruit resembling cranberries; sometimes placed in genus Styphelia


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definition:
family of fleshy parasitic herbs lacking green foliage and having heads of small flowers; California and Mexico


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definition:
North American evergreen with small pinkish bell-shaped flowers and oblong leaves used formerly for shinplasters


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definition:
a shrubby perennial rhizomatous evergreen herb; grows in damp coniferous woodlands in northern temperate regions


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definition:
small genus of evergreen herbs with long creeping rootstocks and shining leaves; North America; Europe; east Asia


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definition:
used in some classification for saprophytic herbs sometimes included in the family Pyrolaceae: genera Monotropa and Sarcodes


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definition:
small waxy white or pinkish-white saprophytic woodland plant having scalelike leaves and a nodding flower; turns black with age


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definition:
term used in some classifications for the pinesaps, which are usually included in the genus Monotropa


pos: n
definition:
fleshy tawny or reddish saprophytic herb resembling the Indian pipe and growing in woodland humus of eastern North America; in some classifications placed in a separate genus Hypopitys


pos: n
definition:
chiefly monoecious trees and shrubs: beeches; chestnuts; oaks; genera Castanea, Castanopsis, Chrysolepis, Fagus, Lithocarpus, Nothofagus, Quercus


pos: n
definition:
any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth grey bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; north temperate regions


pos: n
definition:
any of several attractive deciduous trees yellow-brown in autumn; yield a hard wood and edible nuts in a prickly bur


pos: n
definition:
shrubby tree closely related to the Allegheny chinkapin but with larger leaves; southern midwestern United States


pos: n
definition:
evergreen trees and shrubs of warm regions valued for their foliage; southeastern United States and eastern Australia and northern New Zealand


pos: n
definition:
bark rich in tannin; bruised and cut in pieces to use for tanning; spent tanbark used as a ground covering


pos: n
definition:
a common scrubby deciduous tree of central and southeastern United States having dark bark and broad three-lobed (club-shaped) leaves; tends to form dense thickets


pos: n
definition:
medium to large deciduous timber tree of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada having dark outer bark and yellow inner bark used for tanning; broad five-lobed leaves are bristle-tipped


pos: n
definition:
monoecious trees and shrubs (including the genera Betula and Alnus and Carpinus and Corylus and Ostrya and Ostryopsis)


pos: n
definition:
hard close-grained wood of any of various birch trees; used especially in furniture and interior finishes and plywood


pos: n
definition:
north temperate shrubs or trees having toothed leaves and conelike fruit; bark is used in tanning and dyeing and the wood is rot-resistant


pos: n
definition:
deciduous monoecious trees of Europe and Asia and America; sometimes placed in subfamily or family Carpinaceae


pos: n
definition:
deciduous monoecious shrubs of China and Mongolia resembling trees of the genus Ostrya; sometimes placed in subfamily or family Carpinaceae


pos: n
definition:
deciduous monoecious nut-bearing shrubs of small trees: hazel; sometimes placed in the subfamily or family Corylaceae


pos: n
definition:
any of several shrubs or small trees of the genus Corylus bearing edible nuts enclosed in a leafy husk


pos: n
definition:
the fine-grained wood of a hazelnut tree (genus Corylus) and the hazel tree (Australian genus Pomaderris)


pos: n
definition:
an order of dicotyledonous plants having gamopetalous flowers; Gentianaceae; Apocynaceae; Asclepiadaceae; Loganiaceae; Oleaceae; Salvadoraceae


pos: n
definition:
genus of low-growing herbs mostly of northern hemisphere having flowers with protruding spirally twisted anthers


pos: n
definition:
one of the most handsome prairie wildflowers having large erect bell-shaped bluish flowers; of moist places in prairies and fields from eastern Colorado and Nebraska south to New Mexico and Texas


pos: n
definition:
any of various tall perennial herbs constituting the genus Frasera; widely distributed in warm dry upland areas of California, Oregon, and Washington


pos: n
definition:
type genus of the Gentianaceae; cosmopolitan genus of herbs nearly cosmopolitan in cool temperate regions; in some classifications includes genera Gentianopsis and Gentianella


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the family Gentianaceae especially the genera Gentiana and Gentianella and Gentianopsis


pos: n
definition:
low-growing alpine plant cultivated for its dark glossy green leaves in basal rosettes and showy solitary bell-shaped blue flowers


pos: n
definition:
genus of herbs with flowers that resemble gentian; in some classifications included in genus Gentiana


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Sabbatia having usually pink cymose flowers; occur from acid bogs to brackish marshes


pos: n
definition:
a family of Old World shrubs and trees of order Gentianales; related to Oleaceae but having four stamens and four petals


pos: n
definition:
genus of evergreen trees or shrubs; fruit is a drupe; grows in Africa through Arabia to India and China


pos: n
definition:
trees and shrubs having berries or drupes or capsules as fruits; sometimes placed in the order Oleales: olive; ash; jasmine; privet; lilac


pos: n
definition:
evergreen tree cultivated in the Mediterranean region since antiquity and now elsewhere; has edible shiny black fruits


pos: n
definition:
spiny branching deciduous shrub of southwestern United States having clusters of insignificant yellow-white flowers appearing before leaves followed by attractive black berrylike fruits


pos: n
definition:
any of various early blooming oleaceous shrubs of the genus Forsythia; native to eastern Asia and southern Europe but widely cultivated for their branches of bright yellow bell-shaped flowers


pos: n
definition:
strong elastic wood of any of various ash trees; used for furniture and tool handles and sporting goods such as baseball bats


pos: n
definition:
a climbing deciduous shrub with fragrant white or yellow or red flowers used in perfume and to flavor tea


pos: n
definition:
any of various Old World shrubs having smooth entire leaves and terminal panicles of small white flowers followed by small black berries; many used for hedges


pos: n
definition:
widely distributed genus of evergreen shrubs or trees of southern United States and Middle East and China and Japan


pos: n
definition:
small tree of southern United States having panicles of dull white flowers followed by dark purple fruits


pos: n
definition:
genus of monocotyledonous plants with curious woolly flowers on sturdy stems above a fan of sword-shaped leaves; includes kangaroo's paw and Australian sword lily; sometimes placed in family Amaryllidaceae


pos: n
definition:
a group of chiefly woody plants considered among the most primitive of angiosperms; perianth poorly developed or lacking; flowers often unisexual and often in catkins and often wind pollinated; contains 23 families including the Betulaceae and Fagaceae (includes the Amentiferae); sometimes classified as a superorder


pos: n
definition:
genus of fossil plants of the Oligocene having flowers resembling those of the witch hazel; found in Baltic region


pos: n
definition:
any of several deciduous low-growing shrubs of the genus Fothergilla having showy brushlike spikes of white flowers in spring and fiery red and orange autumn color; grows from Alabama to the Allegheny Mountains


pos: n
definition:
a North American tree of the genus Liquidambar having prickly spherical fruit clusters and fragrant sap


pos: n
definition:
hickory of the eastern United States having a leaves with 7 or 9 leaflets and thin-shelled very bitter nuts


pos: n
definition:
Myrtaceae; Combretaceae; Elaeagnaceae; Haloragidaceae; Melastomaceae; Lecythidaceae; Lythraceae; Rhizophoraceae; Onagraceae; Lecythidaceae; Punicaceae


pos: n
definition:
any of several shrubs of the genus Elaeagnus having silver-white twigs and yellow flowers followed by olivelike fruits


pos: n
definition:
shrubs or small trees of tropical Asia and Africa usually with showy white, pink, or purplish flowers


pos: n
definition:
relatively hard durable timber from the Queen's crape myrtle; light reddish brown, smooth and lustrous


pos: n
definition:
tree of extreme southern Florida and West Indies having thin scaly bark and aromatic fruits and seeds and yielding hard heavy close-grained zebrawood


pos: n
definition:
small evergreen tropical tree native to Brazil and West Indies but introduced into southern United States; grown in Brazil for its edible tough-skinned purple grapelike fruit that grows all along the branches


pos: n
definition:
small tropical American shrubby tree; widely cultivated in warm regions for its sweet globular yellow fruit


pos: n
definition:
moderate sized very symmetrical red-flowered evergreen widely cultivated in the tropics for its flower buds which are source of cloves


pos: n
definition:
columnar tree of eastern North America having horizontal limbs and small leaves that emerge late in spring and have brilliant color in early fall


pos: n
definition:
large widely distributed genus of herbs and subshrubs of especially western North America and Arctic areas


pos: n
definition:
tall North American perennial with creeping rootstocks and narrow leaves and spikes of pinkish-purple flowers occurring in great abundance in burned-over areas or recent clearings; an important honey plant


pos: n
definition:
any of various tropical shrubs widely cultivated for their showy drooping purplish or reddish or white flowers; Central and South America and New Zealand and Tahiti


pos: n
definition:
a tropical tree or shrub bearing fruit that germinates while still on the tree and having numerous prop roots that eventually form an impenetrable mass and are important in land building


pos: n
definition:
family of trees and shrubs and herbs having tough bark that are found especially in Australia and tropical Africa


pos: n
definition:
any of several ornamental shrubs with shiny mostly evergreen leaves and clusters of small bell-shaped flowers


pos: n
definition:
small European deciduous shrub with fragrant lilac-colored flowers followed by red berries on highly toxic twigs


pos: n
definition:
deciduous shrub of eastern North America having tough flexible branches and pliable bark and small yellow flowers


pos: n
definition:
family comprising solely the genus Trapa; in some classifications treated as a subfamily or tribe of the family Onagraceae


pos: n
definition:
type genus of Melastomataceae; Asiatic shrubs with leathery leaves and large purple flowers followed by edible fleshy black berries


pos: n
definition:
tropical Old World ornamental evergreen shrubs having fleshy leaves and large panicles of white pink flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of several tropical and subtropical treelike herbs of the genus Musa having a terminal crown of large entire leaves and usually bearing hanging clusters of elongated fruits


pos: n
definition:
a banana tree bearing hanging clusters of edible angular greenish starchy fruits; tropics and subtropics


pos: n
definition:
woody plants with erect stems of tropical South America and South Africa and Madagascar; in some classifications included in the family Musaceae


pos: n
definition:
small genus of large perennial evergreen herbs having leaves resembling those of banana plants; sometimes placed in family Musaceae


pos: n
definition:
giant treelike plant having edible nuts and leafstalks that yield a refreshing drink of clear watery sap; reputedly an emergency source of water for travelers


pos: n
definition:
widely cultivated tropical plant of India having yellow flowers and a large aromatic deep yellow rhizome; source of a condiment and a yellow dye


pos: n
definition:
cultivated for its shining oblong leaves and arching clusters of white flowers with pink shading and crinkled yellow lips with variegated magenta stripes


pos: n
definition:
a group of families of more or less advanced trees and shrubs and herbs having either polypetalous or gamopetalous corollas and often with ovules attached to the walls of the ovary; contains 69 families including Ericaceae and Cruciferae and Malvaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous plants of the genus Begonia grown for their attractive glossy asymmetrical leaves and colorful flowers in usually terminal cymes or racemes


pos: n
definition:
chiefly tropical shrubs and trees and climbers having leathery leaves or flattened leaflike stems: genera Dillenia and Hibbertia


pos: n
definition:
any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of the genus Dillenia grown for their foliage and nodding flowers resembling magnolias which are followed by fruit that is used in curries and jellies and preserves


pos: n
definition:
widely distributed family of chiefly tropical trees and shrubs and vines that produce oils and resins and some usable timber


pos: n
definition:
any of several East Indian trees of the genus Calophyllum having shiny leathery leaves and lightweight hard wood


pos: n
definition:
West Indian tree having racemes of fragrant white flowers and yielding a durable timber and resinous juice


pos: n
definition:
large almost cosmopolitan genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs and herbs with often showy yellow flowers; cosmopolitan except tropical lowlands and Arctic or high altitudes and desert regions


pos: n
definition:
deciduous bushy Eurasian shrub with golden yellow flowers and reddish-purple fruits from which a soothing salve is made in Spain


pos: n
definition:
handsome East Indian evergreen tree often planted as an ornamental for its fragrant white flowers that yield a perfume; source of very heavy hardwood used for railroad ties


pos: n
definition:
tropical American shrub or small tree having huge deeply palmately cleft leaves and large oblong yellow fruit


pos: n
definition:
type genus of the Caryocaraceae; South American trees yielding strong fine-grained wood and edible nuts


pos: n
definition:
large South American evergreen tree trifoliate leaves and drupes with nutlike seeds used as food and a source of cooking oil


pos: n
definition:
small shrubs of scrub and dry woodland regions of southern Europe and North Africa; grown for their showy flowers and soft often downy and aromatic evergreen foliage


pos: n
definition:
a soft blackish-brown resinous exudate from various rockroses used in perfumes especially as a fixative


pos: n
definition:
perennial of the eastern United States having early solitary yellow flowers followed by late petalless flowers; so-called because ice crystals form on it during first frosts


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous varieties of helianthemums having small rose-like yellow or white or reddish flowers


pos: n
definition:
chiefly tropical Asian trees with two-winged fruits; yield valuable woods and aromatic oils and resins


pos: n
definition:
small shrubby tree of Madagascar cultivated in tropical regions as a hedge plant and for its deep red acid fruits resembling small plums


pos: n
definition:
a small shrubby spiny tree cultivated for its maroon-purple fruit with sweet purple pulp tasting like gooseberries; Sri Lanka and India


pos: n
definition:
deciduous roundheaded Asiatic tree widely grown in mild climates as an ornamental for its heart-shaped leaves and fragrant yellow-green flowers followed by hanging clusters of fleshy orange-red berries


pos: n
definition:
shrub or small tree grown as an ornamental in mild climates for its neat evergreen foliage and fragrant late flowers; native of China


pos: n
definition:
resinous succulent trees or shrubs of desert and semidesert regions of southwestern United States that are leafless most of the year


pos: n
definition:
desert shrub of southwestern United States and Mexico having slender naked spiny branches that after the rainy season put forth foliage and clusters of red flowers


pos: n
definition:
candlewood of Mexico and southwestern California having tall columnar stems and bearing honey-scented creamy yellow flowers


pos: n
definition:
Mediterranean woody annual widely cultivated for its dense terminal spikelike clusters greenish or yellowish white flowers having an intense spicy fragrance


pos: n
definition:
any shrub or small tree of the genus Tamarix having small scalelike or needle-shaped leaves and feathery racemes of small white or pinkish flowers; of mostly coastal areas with saline soil


pos: n
definition:
small genus of deciduous shrubs or subshrubs of southern Europe to Siberia and China; tolerant of chalky soil


pos: n
definition:
large-flowered garden plant derived chiefly from the wild pansy of Europe and having velvety petals of various colors


pos: n
definition:
a genus of herbs and small shrubs with white or purple flowers; grows in tropical or subtropical regions


pos: n
definition:
a genus of deciduous shrubs or trees; fruit is a berry; grow in New Zealand and Fiji and Solomon Islands


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous plants having stinging hairs that cause skin irritation on contact (especially of the genus Urtica or family Urticaceae)


pos: n
definition:
tall perennial herb of tropical Asia with dark green leaves; cultivated for the fiber from its woody stems that resembles flax


pos: n
definition:
a plants of the genus Pilea having drooping green flower clusters and smooth translucent stems and leaves


pos: n
definition:
low stingless nettle of Central and South America having velvety brownish-green toothed leaves and clusters of small green flowers


pos: n
definition:
two genera of erect or twining herbs that are pollinated by the wind, including the genera Cannabis and Humulus; term not used in all classifications; in some the genus Cannabis is placed in the family Moraceae and the genus Humulus in the family Urticaceae


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Cannabis; a coarse bushy annual with palmate leaves and clusters of small green flowers; yields tough fibers and narcotic drugs


pos: n
definition:
a strong-smelling plant from whose dried leaves a number of euphoriant and hallucinogenic drugs are prepared


pos: n
definition:
hops: hardy perennial vines of Europe, North America and central and eastern Asia producing a latex sap; in some classifications included in the family Urticaceae


pos: n
definition:
twining perennials having cordate leaves and flowers arranged in conelike spikes; the dried flowers of this plant are used in brewing to add the characteristic bitter taste to beer


pos: n
definition:
fig tree of India noted for great size and longevity; lacks the prop roots of the banyan; regarded as sacred by Buddhists


pos: n
definition:
thick-branched wide-spreading tree of Africa and adjacent southwestern Asia often buttressed with branches rising from near the ground; produces cluster of edible but inferior figs on short leafless twigs; the biblical sycamore


pos: n
definition:
large genus of tropical American trees that yield a bast fiber used for cordage and bark used in tanning; milky juice yields caoutchouc


pos: n
definition:
type genus of family Ulmaceae; deciduous trees having simple serrate leaves; widely distributed in temperate regions


pos: n
definition:
one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises 17 families including: Liliaceae; Alliaceae; Amaryllidaceae; Iridaceae; Orchidaceae; Trilliaceae


pos: n
definition:
plants with sword-shaped leaves and erect stalks bearing bright-colored flowers composed of three petals and three drooping sepals


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous low-growing plants of the genus Crocus having slender grasslike leaves and white or yellow or purple flowers; native chiefly to the Mediterranean region but widely cultivated


pos: n
definition:
Old World crocus having purple or white flowers with aromatic pungent orange stigmas used in flavoring food


pos: n
definition:
any of several plants of the genus Freesia valued for their one-sided clusters of usually fragrant yellow or white or pink tubular flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous plants of the genus Gladiolus native chiefly to tropical and South Africa having sword-shaped leaves and one-sided spikes of brightly colored funnel-shaped flowers; widely cultivated


pos: n
definition:
snowdrop; narcissus; daffodil; in some classification systems considered a subfamily of the Liliaceae


pos: n
definition:
large genus of tropical American vines having showy often spotted umbellate flowers; sometimes placed in family Liliaceae especially subfamily Alstroemeriaceae


pos: n
definition:
tropical vine having pink-and-yellow flowers spotted purple and edible roots sometimes boiled as a potato substitute; West Indies to northern South America


pos: n
definition:
tropical vine having umbels of small purple flowers and edible roots sometimes boiled as a potato substitute; Colombia


pos: n
definition:
bulbous plant having erect linear leaves and showy yellow or white flowers either solitary or in clusters


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous varieties of Narcissus plants having showy often yellow flowers with a trumpet-shaped central crown


pos: n
definition:
widely cultivated ornamental plant native to southern Europe but naturalized elsewhere having fragrant yellow or white clustered flowers


pos: n
definition:
small plants that resemble amaryllis and that grow from a corm and bear flowers on a leafless stalk; sometimes classified as member of the family Amaryllidaceae: star grass


pos: n
definition:
includes species sometimes divided among the following families: Alliaceae; Aloeaceae; Alstroemeriaceae; Aphyllanthaceae; Asparagaceae; Asphodelaceae; Colchicaceae; Convallariaceae; Hemerocallidaceae; Hostaceae; Hyacinthaceae; Melanthiaceae; Ruscaceae; Smilacaceae; Tecophilaeacea; Xanthorrhoeaceae


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Albuca having large clusters of pale yellow flowers; South Africa


pos: n
definition:
small genus of bitter-rooted herbs of eastern North America and Asia; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae


pos: n
definition:
any of several perennials of the genus Aletris having grasslike leaves and bitter roots reputed to cure colic


pos: n
definition:
one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes especially genus Allium


pos: n
definition:
large genus of perennial and biennial pungent bulbous plants: garlic; leek; onion; chive; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae as the type genus


pos: n
definition:
coarse Old World perennial having a large bulb and tall stalk of greenish purple-tinged flowers; widely naturalized


pos: n
definition:
plant having a large slender white bulb and flat overlapping dark green leaves; used in cooking; believed derived from the wild Allium ampeloprasum


pos: n
definition:
bulbous herb of southern Europe widely naturalized; bulb breaks up into separate strong-flavored cloves


pos: n
definition:
one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted


pos: n
definition:
succulent plants having rosettes of leaves usually with fiber like hemp and spikes of showy flowers; found chiefly in Africa


pos: n
definition:
a plant of the genus Kniphofia having long grasslike leaves and tall scapes of red or yellow drooping flowers


pos: n
definition:
one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; sometimes included in subfamily Amaryllidaceae


pos: n
definition:
any of various South American plants of the genus Alstroemeria valued for their handsome umbels of beautiful flowers


pos: n
definition:
one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Aphyllanthes


pos: n
definition:
one species; small fibrous-rooted perennial with rushlike foliage and deep blue flowers; sometimes placed in its own family Aphyllanthaceae


pos: n
definition:
one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae: includes genera Asparagus and sometimes Ruscus


pos: n
definition:
fragile twining plant of South Africa with bright green flattened stems and glossy foliage popular as a floral decoration


pos: n
definition:
any of various chiefly Mediterranean plants of the genera Asphodeline and Asphodelus having linear leaves and racemes of white or pink or yellow flowers


pos: n
definition:
genus of rhizomatous perennial or biennial herbs with numerous sometimes fragrant flowers in long cylindrical racemes; Mediterranean region to Caucasus; sometimes placed in family Asphodelaceae


pos: n
definition:
small genus of tall striking annuals or perennials with grasslike foliage and flowers in dense racemes or panicles; Mediterranean to Himalayas; sometimes placed in family Asphodelaceae


pos: n
definition:
small genus of bulbous perennial herbs of southwestern United States and Mexico; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae


pos: n
definition:
small genus of tropical African perennial bulbous herbs with deciduous twining stems; sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae


pos: n
definition:
any of several plants of the genus Brodiaea having basal grasslike leaves and globose flower heads on leafless stems resembling those of genus Allium


pos: n
definition:
any of several plants of the genus Calochortus having tulip-shaped flowers with 3 sepals and 3 petals; southwestern United States and Mexico


pos: n
definition:
perennial bulbous herbs most of northern United States: dogtooth violet; adder's tongue; trout lily; fawn lily


pos: n
definition:
eastern North American dogtooth having solitary yellow flowers marked with brown or purple and spotted interiors


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous perennial bulbous herbs having linear or broadly lanceolate leaves and usually a single showy flower


pos: n
definition:
one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted: genera Colchicum and Gloriosa


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Gloriosa of tropical Africa and Asia; a perennial herb climbing by means of tendrils at leaf tips having showy yellow to red or purple flowers; all parts are poisonous


pos: n
definition:
one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Hemerocallis


pos: n
definition:
east Asian rhizomatous clump-forming perennial herbs having flowers on long leafless stalks; cosmopolitan in cultivation: day lilies; sometimes placed in subfamily Hemerocallidaceae


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous perennials having tuberous roots and long narrow bladelike leaves and usually yellow lily-like flowers that bloom for only a day


pos: n
definition:
one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Hosta


pos: n
definition:
robust east Asian clump-forming perennial herbs having racemose flowers: plantain lilies; sometimes placed in family Hostaceae


pos: n
definition:
one of many families or subfamilies in which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted


pos: n
definition:
small genus of perennial bulbs of western Europe and North Africa; sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae


pos: n
definition:
common Old World herb having grasslike leaves and clusters of star-shaped white flowers with green stripes; naturalized in the eastern United States


pos: n
definition:
South African perennial with long-lasting spikes of white blossoms that are shipped in to Europe and America for use as winter cut flowers


pos: n
definition:
an Old World plant of the genus Scilla having narrow basal leaves and pink or blue or white racemose flowers


pos: n
definition:
one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted: includes Aletris; Narthecium; Veratrum


pos: n
definition:
North American plant having large leaves and yellowish green flowers growing in racemes; yields a toxic alkaloid used medicinally


pos: n
definition:
one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted


pos: n
definition:
small genus of North American herbs having grasslike basal leaves: squaw grass; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Zigadenus having glaucous leaves and terminal racemes of mostly white flowers; all are poisonous


pos: n
definition:
small family of herbs having flowers with 3 petals and 3 sepals; in some classification systems considered a subfamily of the Liliaceae


pos: n
definition:
any liliaceous plant of the genus Trillium having a whorl of three leaves at the top of the stem with a single three-petaled flower


pos: n
definition:
trillium of eastern North America having malodorous pink to purple flowers and an astringent root used in folk medicine especially to ease childbirth


pos: n
definition:
trillium of northeastern United States with sessile leaves and red or purple flowers having a pungent odor


pos: n
definition:
any of various prickly climbing plants of the tropical American genus Smilax having aromatic roots and heart-shaped leaves


pos: n
definition:
a very prickly woody vine of the eastern United States growing in tangled masses having tough round stems with shiny leathery leaves and small greenish flowers followed by clusters of inedible shiny black berries


pos: n
definition:
any temperate liliaceous plant of the genus Clintonia having broad basal leaves and white or yellowish or purplish flowers followed by blue or black berries


pos: n
definition:
Asiatic perennial tufted herb with grasslike evergreen foliage and clusters of dark mauve grapelike flowers; grown as ground cover


pos: n
definition:
perennial herb of East Indies to Polynesia and Australia; cultivated for its large edible root yielding Otaheite arrowroot starch


pos: n
definition:
chiefly tropical and xerophytic plants: includes Dracenaceae (Dracaenaceae); comprises plants that in some classifications are divided between the Amaryllidaceae and the Liliaceae


pos: n
definition:
tropical American plants with basal rosettes of fibrous sword-shaped leaves and flowers in tall spikes; some cultivated for ornament or for fiber


pos: n
definition:
Mexican plant used especially for making pulque which is the source of the colorless Mexican liquor, mescal


pos: n
definition:
shrub with terminal tufts of elongated leaves used locally for thatching and clothing; thick sweet roots are used as food; tropical southeastern Asia, Australia and Hawaii


pos: n
definition:
genus of perennial tuberous herbs having lily-like flowers; Mexico; sometimes placed in family Amaryllidaceae


pos: n
definition:
a tuberous Mexican herb having grasslike leaves and cultivated for its spikes of highly fragrant lily-like waxy white flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of several evergreen plants of the genus Yucca having usually tall stout stems and a terminal cluster of white flowers; warmer regions of North America


pos: n
definition:
perennial plant of Europe and America having racemes of white or purplish flowers and intensely bitter trifoliate leaves; often rooting at water margin and spreading across the surface


pos: n
definition:
type genus of the Loganiaceae; Australian and New Zealand shrubs sometimes cultivated for their flowers


pos: n
definition:
spiny trees, shrubs, or perennial herbs, including the genera Caesalpinia, Cassia, Ceratonia, Bauhinia; commonly included in the family Leguminosae


pos: n
definition:
tropical tree with large prickly pods of seeds that resemble beans and are used for jewelry and rosaries


pos: n
definition:
small genus of tropical African timber trees having pale golden heartwood uniformly striped with dark brown or black:


pos: n
definition:
any of various trees or shrubs of the genus Cassia having pinnately compound leaves and usually yellow flowers followed by long seedpods


pos: n
definition:
deciduous or semi-evergreen tree having scented sepia to yellow flowers in drooping racemes and pods whose pulp is used medicinally; tropical Asia and Central and South America and Australia


pos: n
definition:
long pod containing small beans and sweetish edible pulp; used as animal feed and source of a chocolate substitute


pos: n
definition:
a thorny shrub of the genus Cercidium that grows in dry parts of the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico; has smooth light green bark and racemes of yellow flowers and small leaves


pos: n
definition:
genus of tropical herbs or subshrubs having sensitive leaves and suddenly dehiscing pods; some species placed in genus Cassia


pos: n
definition:
showy tropical tree or shrub native to Madagascar; widely planted in tropical regions for its immense racemes of scarlet and orange flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana


pos: n
definition:
small genus of deciduous trees of China and United States having paniculate flowers and thick pulpy pods


pos: n
definition:
handsome tree of central and eastern North America having large bipinnate leaves and green-white flowers followed by large woody brown pods whose seeds are used as a coffee substitute


pos: n
definition:
spiny shrub or small tree of Central America and West Indies having bipinnate leaves and racemes of small bright yellow flowers and yielding a hard brown or brownish-red heartwood used in preparing a black dye


pos: n
definition:
large shrub or shrubby tree having sharp spines and pinnate leaves with small deciduous leaflets and sweet-scented racemose yellow-orange flowers; grown as ornamentals or hedging or emergency food for livestock; tropical America but naturalized in southern United States


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Senna having pinnately compound leaves and showy usually yellow flowers; many are used medicinally


pos: n
definition:
evergreen Indian shrub with vivid yellow flowers whose bark is used in tanning; sometimes placed in genus Cassia


pos: n
definition:
cosmopolitan tropical herb or subshrub with yellow flowers and slender curved pods; a weed; sometimes placed in genus Cassia


pos: n
definition:
long-lived tropical evergreen tree with a spreading crown and feathery evergreen foliage and fragrant flowers yielding hard yellowish wood and long pods with edible chocolate-colored acidic pulp


pos: n
definition:
leguminous plants whose flowers have butterfly-shaped corollas; commonly included in the family Leguminosae


pos: n
definition:
shrub of sandy woodlands and stream banks of western United States having hoary pinnate flowers and dull-colored racemose flowers; thought to indicate the presence of lead ore


pos: n
definition:
a North American vine with fragrant blossoms and edible tubers; important food crop of Native Americans


pos: n
definition:
South African shrub having flat acuminate leaves and yellow flowers; leaves are aromatic when dried and used to make an herbal tea


pos: n
definition:
large genus of annual or perennial herbs or shrubs of north temperate regions; largest genus in the family Leguminosae


pos: n
definition:
East Indian tree bearing a profusion of intense vermilion velvet-textured blooms and yielding a yellow dye


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Caragana having even-pinnate leaves and mostly yellow flowers followed by seeds in a linear pod


pos: n
definition:
a genus of chiefly tropical American vines of the family Leguminosae having trifoliate leaves and large flowers


pos: n
definition:
small shrubby tree of eastern North America similar to the Judas tree having usually pink flowers; found in damp sheltered underwood


pos: n
definition:
small late-flowering trees or subshrubs having yellow to red flowers and leathery or woody pods; often especially formerly included in genus Cytisus


pos: n
definition:
small handsome roundheaded deciduous tree having showy white flowers in terminal clusters and heavy hardwood yielding yellow dye


pos: n
definition:
any of various shrubs or vines of the genus Clianthus having compound leaves and pea-like red flowers in drooping racemes


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Coronilla having purple or pink or yellow flowers in long axillary heads or umbels


pos: n
definition:
European herb resembling vetch; naturalized in the eastern United States; having umbels of pink-and-white flowers and sharp-angled pods


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Crotalaria having inflated pods within which the seeds rattle; used for pasture and green-manure crops


pos: n
definition:
drought-tolerant herb grown for forage and for its seed which yield a gum used as a thickening agent or sizing material


pos: n
definition:
any of various shrubs of the genera Cytisus or Genista or Spartium having long slender branches and racemes of yellow flowers


pos: n
definition:
an abnormal tufted growth of small branches on a tree or shrub caused by fungi or insects or other physiological disturbance


pos: n
definition:
large genus of tropical trees having pinnate leaves and paniculate flowers and cultivated commercially for their dramatically grained and colored timbers


pos: n
definition:
any of those hardwood trees of the genus Dalbergia that yield rosewood--valuable cabinet woods of a dark red or purplish color streaked and variegated with black


pos: n
definition:
East Indian tree whose leaves are used for fodder; yields a compact dark brown durable timber used in shipbuilding and making railroad ties


pos: n
definition:
genus of Australasian shrubs and subshrubs having small yellow or purple flowers followed by short triangular pods


pos: n
definition:
any of various usually woody vines of the genus Derris of tropical Asia whose roots yield the insecticide rotenone; several are sources of native fish and arrow poisons


pos: n
definition:
any of various shrubs or shrubby trees of the genus Erythrina having trifoliate leaves and racemes of scarlet to coral red flowers and black seeds; cultivated as an ornamental


pos: n
definition:
any of various Australian evergreen shrubs of the genus Gastrolobium having whorled compound leaves poisonous to livestock and showy yellow to deep reddish-orange flowers followed by two-seeded pods


pos: n
definition:
small Eurasian shrub having clusters of yellow flowers that yield a dye; common as a weed in Britain and the United States; sometimes grown as an ornamental


pos: n
definition:
thorny shrub or small tree common in central Argentina having small orange or yellow flowers followed by edible berries


pos: n
definition:
any of several small deciduous trees valued for their dark wood and dense racemes of nectar-rich pink flowers grown in great profusion on arching branches; roots and bark and leaves and seeds are poisonous


pos: n
definition:
erect bushy hairy annual herb having trifoliate leaves and purple to pink flowers; extensively cultivated for food and forage and soil improvement but especially for its nutritious oil-rich seeds; native to Asia


pos: n
definition:
deep-rooted coarse-textured plant native to the Mediterranean region having blue flowers and pinnately compound leaves; widely cultivated in Europe for its long thick sweet roots


pos: n
definition:
perennial of southern Europe cultivated for forage and for its nectar-rich pink flowers that make it an important honey crop


pos: n
definition:
any of several attractive evergreen shrubs of Australia grown for their glossy deep green foliage and flowers in rich blues and intense violets


pos: n
definition:
genus of tropical herbs and shrubs having odd-pinnate leaves and spurred flowers in long racemes or spikes


pos: n
definition:
deciduous subshrub of southeastern Asia having pinnate leaves and clusters of red or purple flowers; a source of indigo dye


pos: n
definition:
genus of yellow-flowered Australian unarmed or spiny shrubs without true leaves but having leaflike stems or branches


pos: n
definition:
perennial twining vine of Old World tropics having trifoliate leaves and racemes of fragrant purple pea-like flowers followed by maroon pods of edible seeds; grown as an ornamental and as a vegetable on the Indian subcontinent; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos


pos: n
definition:
shrubby or herbaceous plants widely used for forage, soil improvement, and especially hay in southern United States


pos: n
definition:
genus of small erect or climbing herbs with pinnate leaves and small inconspicuous white flowers and small flattened pods: lentils


pos: n
definition:
widely cultivated Eurasian annual herb grown for its edible flattened seeds that are cooked like peas and also ground into meal and for its leafy stalks that are used as fodder


pos: n
definition:
any of several tropical American woody plants of the genus Lonchocarpus whose roots are used locally as a fish poison and commercially as a source of rotenone


pos: n
definition:
low-growing annual herb of southwestern United States (Texas) having silky foliage and blue flowers; a leading cause of livestock poisoning in the southwestern United States


pos: n
definition:
any of several Old World herbs of the genus Medicago having small flowers and trifoliate compound leaves


pos: n
definition:
important European leguminous forage plant with trifoliate leaves and blue-violet flowers grown widely as a pasture and hay crop


pos: n
definition:
any of several tropical trees or shrubs yielding showy streaked dark reddish or chocolate-colored wood


pos: n
definition:
genus of tropical herbs and woody vines having trifoliate leaves and showy flowers in axillary clusters


pos: n
definition:
any of several erect or climbing woody plants of the genus Mucuna; widespread in tropics of both hemispheres


pos: n
definition:
the annual woody vine of Asia having long clusters of purplish flowers and densely hairy pods; cultivated in southern United States for green manure and grazing


pos: n
definition:
pods of the cowage plant or the stinging hairs covering them; used as a vermifuge when mixed with e.g. honey


pos: n
definition:
genus of Old World herbs having pinnate leaves and pink or whites racemose flowers followed by flat unjointed pods


pos: n
definition:
Eurasian perennial herb having pale pink flowers and curved pods; naturalized in Britain and North America grasslands on calcareous soils; important forage crop and source of honey in Britain


pos: n
definition:
genus of European subshrubs or herbs having pink or purple or yellow solitary or clustered flowers: restharrow


pos: n
definition:
European woody plant having pink flowers and unifoliate leaves and long tough roots; spreads by underground runners


pos: n
definition:
genus of tropical shrubs and trees having usually odd-pinnate leaves with large leaflets and pink to reddish wood


pos: n
definition:
large widely-distributed genus of evergreen shrubs or subshrubs having odd-pinnate leaves and racemose or spicate flowers each having a pea-like corolla with a clawed petal


pos: n
definition:
any plant that breaks away from its roots in autumn and is driven by the wind as a light rolling mass


pos: n
definition:
the common bean plant grown for the beans rather than the pods (especially a variety with large red kidney-shaped beans)


pos: n
definition:
genus of shrubs or small trees having indehiscent pods with black seeds; roots and bark yield fish poisons


pos: n
definition:
a leguminous plant of the genus Pisum with small white flowers and long green pods containing edible green seeds


pos: n
definition:
large tree of Trinidad and Guyana having odd-pinnate leaves and violet-scented axillary racemes of yellow flowers and long smooth pods; grown as a specimen in parks and large gardens


pos: n
definition:
widely distributed genus of herbs or shrubs with glandular compound leaves and spicate or racemose purple or white flowers


pos: n
definition:
deciduous South African tree having large odd-pinnate leaves and profuse fragrant orange-yellow flowers; yields a red juice and heavy strong durable wood


pos: n
definition:
fast-growing vine from eastern Asia having tuberous starchy roots and hairy trifoliate leaves and racemes of purple flowers followed by long hairy pods containing many seeds; grown for fodder and forage and root starch; widespread in the southern United States


pos: n
definition:
desert shrub of Syria and Arabia having small white flowers; constitutes the juniper of the Old Testament; sometimes placed in genus Genista


pos: n
definition:
cosmopolitan genus of trees and shrubs having odd-pinnate leaves and showy flowers; some species placed in genus Podalyria


pos: n
definition:
shrub or small tree having pinnate leaves poisonous to livestock and dense racemes of intensely fragrant blue flowers and red beans


pos: n
definition:
shrub or small tree of New Zealand and Chile having pendulous racemes of tubular golden-yellow flowers; yields a hard strong wood


pos: n
definition:
perennial subshrub of eastern North America having downy leaves yellowish and rose flowers and; source of rotenone


pos: n
definition:
semi-evergreen South American tree with odd-pinnate leaves and golden yellow flowers cultivated as an ornamental


pos: n
definition:
annual herb or southern Europe and eastern Asia having off-white flowers and aromatic seeds used medicinally and in curry


pos: n
definition:
very spiny and dense evergreen shrub with fragrant golden-yellow flowers; common throughout western Europe


pos: n
definition:
any of various climbing plants of the genus Vicia having pinnately compound leaves that terminate in tendrils and small variously colored flowers; includes valuable forage and soil-building plants


pos: n
definition:
genus of vines or erect herbs having trifoliate leaves and yellowish or purplish flowers; of warm or tropical regions; most species often placed in genus Phaseolus


pos: n
definition:
perennial tropical American vine cultivated for its racemes of showy yellow and purple flowers having the corolla keel coiled like a snail shell; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus


pos: n
definition:
erect bushy annual widely cultivated in warm regions of India and Indonesia and United States for forage and especially its edible seeds; chief source of bean sprouts used in Chinese cookery; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus


pos: n
definition:
sprawling Old World annual cultivated especially in southern United States for food and forage and green manure


pos: n
definition:
genus of South African trees having pinnate leaves and rose-purple flowers followed by leathery pods


pos: n
definition:
chiefly tropical trees and shrubs and vines usually having a tall columnar trunk bearing a crown of very large leaves; coextensive with the order Palmales


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the family Palmae having an unbranched trunk crowned by large pinnate or palmate leaves


pos: n
definition:
Malaysian feather palm with base densely clothed with fibers; yields a sweet sap used in wine and trunk pith yields sago


pos: n
definition:
tall fan palm of Africa and India and Malaysia yielding a hard wood and sweet sap that is a source of palm wine and sugar; leaves used for thatching and weaving


pos: n
definition:
climbing palm of Sri Lanka and southern India remarkable for the great length of the stems which are used for malacca canes


pos: n
definition:
fishtail palm of India to Malay Peninsula; sap yields a brown sugar (jaggery) and trunk pith yields sago


pos: n
definition:
hard yellowish to brownish wax from leaves of the carnauba palm used especially in floor waxes and polishes


pos: n
definition:
tall palm of southern India and Sri Lanka with gigantic leaves used as umbrellas and fans or cut into strips for writing paper


pos: n
definition:
tall feather palm of northern Brazil with hard-shelled nuts yielding valuable oil and a kind of vegetable ivory


pos: n
definition:
feather palm of tropical Africa and Madagascar and Central and South America widely grown for commercial purposes


pos: n
definition:
a tall Brazilian feather palm with a terminal crown of very large leathery pinnatisect leaves rising from long strong stems used for structural purposes


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous plants of the genus Plantago; mostly small roadside or dooryard weeds with elliptic leaves and small spikes of very small flowers; seeds of some used medicinally


pos: n
definition:
plantain of Mediterranean regions whose seeds swell and become gelatinous when moist and are used as a mild laxative


pos: n
definition:
a family of plants of order Polygonales chiefly of the north temperate zone; includes the buckwheats


pos: n
definition:
a member of the genus Fagopyrum; annual Asian plant with clusters of small pinkish white flowers and small edible triangular seeds which are used whole or ground into flour


pos: n
definition:
plants having long green or reddish acidic leafstalks growing in basal clumps; stems (and only the stems) are edible when cooked; leaves are poisonous


pos: n
definition:
any of certain coarse weedy plants with long taproots, sometimes used as table greens or in folk medicine


pos: n
definition:
a family of tropical American plants of order Xyridales including several (as the pineapple) of economic importance


pos: n
definition:
a genus of tropical American plants have sword-shaped leaves and a fleshy compound fruits composed of the fruits of several flowers (such as pineapples)


pos: n
definition:
a tropical American plant bearing a large fleshy edible fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves; widely cultivated in the tropics


pos: n
definition:
the type genus of the family Bromeliaceae which includes tropical American plants with deeply cleft calyx


pos: n
definition:
large genus of epiphytic or terrestrial sparse-rooting tropical plants usually forming dense clumps or pendant masses


pos: n
definition:
type genus of the Eriocaulaceae: rushlike aquatic or marginal perennials usually found in shallow waters of acid lakes and pools and bogs


pos: n
definition:
aquatic perennial of North America and Ireland and Hebrides having translucent green leaves in a basal spiral and dense buttonlike racemes of minute white flowers


pos: n
definition:
genus of aquatic herbs of temperate and tropical regions having sagittate or hastate leaves and white scapose flowers


pos: n
definition:
submersed plant with whorled lanceolate leaves and solitary axillary flowers; Old World plant naturalized in southern United States and clogging Florida's waterways


pos: n
definition:
any of several submerged or floating freshwater perennial aquatic weeds belonging to the family Potamogetonaceae


pos: n
definition:
a large genus of aquatic herbs found in quiet waters in temperate regions; leaves usually float on the water


pos: n
definition:
a large family of dicotyledonous plants of order Rosales; have alternate leaves and five-petaled flowers with numerous stamens


pos: n
definition:
Eurasian rose with prickly stems and fragrant leaves and bright pink flowers followed by scarlet hips


pos: n
definition:
vigorously growing rose having clusters of numerous small flowers; used for hedges and as grafting stock


pos: n
definition:
any of various North American trees or shrubs having showy white flowers and edible blue-black or purplish fruit


pos: n
definition:
any shrub of the genus Cotoneaster: erect or creeping shrubs having richly colored autumn foliage and many small white to pinkish flowers followed by tiny red or black fruits


pos: n
definition:
hawthorn of southern United States bearing a juicy, acidic, scarlet fruit that is often used in jellies or preserves


pos: n
definition:
thorny Eurasian shrub of small tree having dense clusters of white to scarlet flowers followed by deep red berries; established as an escape in eastern North America


pos: n
definition:
evergreen tree of warm regions having fuzzy yellow olive-sized fruit with a large free stone; native to China and Japan


pos: n
definition:
any of various low perennial herbs with many runners and bearing white flowers followed by edible fruits having many small achenes scattered on the surface of an enlarged red pulpy berry


pos: n
definition:
any of various perennials of the genus Geum having usually pinnate basal leaves and variously colored flowers


pos: n
definition:
ornamental evergreen treelike shrub of the Pacific coast of the United States having large white flowers and red berrylike fruits; often placed in genus Photinia


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous varieties of crab apples cultivated for their small acidic (usually bright red) fruit used for preserves or as ornamentals for their blossoms


pos: n
definition:
genus of deciduous and evergreen east Asian trees and shrubs widely cultivated as ornamentals for their white flowers and red fruits; in some classifications includes genus Heteromeles


pos: n
definition:
any of a numerous plants grown for their five-petaled flowers; abundant in temperate regions; alleged to have medicinal properties


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous trees and shrubs producing a small fleshy round fruit with a single hard stone; many also produce a valuable hardwood


pos: n
definition:
used in former classifications for plum and peach and almond trees which are now usually classified as members of the genus Prunus


pos: n
definition:
small bushy deciduous tree native to Asia and North Africa having pretty pink blossoms and highly prized edible nuts enclosed in a hard green hull; cultivated in southern Australia and California


pos: n
definition:
any of various thorny shrubs of the genus Pyracantha bearing small white flowers followed by hard red or orange-red berries


pos: n
definition:
bramble with sweet edible black or dark purple berries that usually do not separate from the receptacle


pos: n
definition:
cultivated hybrid bramble of California having large dark wine-red fruit with a flavor resembling raspberries


pos: n
definition:
woody brambles bearing usually red but sometimes black or yellow fruits that separate from the receptacle when ripe and are rounder and smaller than blackberries


pos: n
definition:
white-flowered raspberry of western North America and northern Mexico with thimble-shaped orange berries


pos: n
definition:
shrubby raspberry of eastern North America having showy rose to purplish flowers and red or orange thimble-shaped fruit


pos: n
definition:
raspberry of China and Japan having pale pink flowers grown for ornament and for the small red acid fruits


pos: n
definition:
an order of dicotyledonous plants of the subclass Asteridae; have opposite leaves and an inferior compound ovary


pos: n
definition:
widely distributed family of mostly tropical trees and shrubs and herbs; includes coffee and chinchona and gardenia and madder and bedstraws and partridgeberry


pos: n
definition:
type genus of the Rubiaceae; Old World herbs and subshrubs grown for their medicinal properties and for dye substances extracted from their roots


pos: n
definition:
Eurasian herb having small yellow flowers and red roots formerly an important source of the dye alizarin


pos: n
definition:
evergreen climbing shrub of southern Florida and West Indies grown for its racemes of fragrant white to creamy flowers followed by globose white succulent berries


pos: n
definition:
Peruvian shrub or small tree having large glossy leaves and cymes of fragrant yellow to green or red flowers; cultivated for its medicinal bark


pos: n
definition:
Old World fragrant stoloniferous perennial having small white flowers and narrow leaves used as flavoring and in sachets; widely cultivated as a ground cover; in some classifications placed in genus Asperula


pos: n
definition:
any of various shrubs and small trees of the genus Gardenia having large fragrant white or yellow flowers


pos: n
definition:
handsome shrub with showy orange to scarlet or crimson flowers; Florida and West Indies to Mexico and Brazil


pos: n
definition:
large African forest tree yielding a strong hard yellow to golden brown lumber; sometimes placed in genus Sarcocephalus


pos: n
definition:
any of various deciduous or evergreen ornamental shrubs of the genus Abelia having opposite simple leaves and cymes of small white or pink or purplish flowers; Asia and Mexico


pos: n
definition:
creeping evergreen subshrub of the northern parts of Europe and Asia with delicate fragrant tubular bell-shaped usually pink flowers borne in pairs


pos: n
definition:
deciduous shrub of western North America having spikes of pink flowers followed by round white berries


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous shrubs or small trees of temperate and subtropical northern hemisphere having white flowers and berrylike fruit


pos: n
definition:
a common shrub with black fruit or a small tree of Europe and Asia; fruit used for wines and jellies


pos: n
definition:
coarse weedy American perennial herb with large usually perfoliate leaves and purple or dull red flowers


pos: n
definition:
deciduous thicket-forming Old World shrub with clusters of white flowers and small bright red berries


pos: n
definition:
any of several herbs of the genus Dipsacus native to the Old World having flower heads surrounded by spiny bracts


pos: n
definition:
North American annual plant with usually yellow or orange flowers; grows chiefly on wet rather acid soil


pos: n
definition:
an order of plants of subclass Rosidae including geraniums and many other plants; see Euphorbiaceae; Geraniaceae; Rutaceae; Malpighiaceae; Simaroubaceae; Meliaceae; Zygophyllaceae; Tropaeolaceae


pos: n
definition:
European weed naturalized in southwestern United States and Mexico having reddish decumbent stems with small fernlike leaves and small deep reddish-lavender flowers followed by slender fruits that stick straight up; often grown for forage


pos: n
definition:
type genus of Burseraceae; tropical and subtropical American shrubs and trees some yielding timber and gum elemi


pos: n
definition:
any of various tropical timber trees of the family Meliaceae especially the genus Swietinia valued for their hard yellowish- to reddish-brown wood that is readily worked and takes a high polish


pos: n
definition:
type genus of the Meliaceae: East Indian and Australian deciduous trees with leaves resembling those of the ash


pos: n
definition:
tree of northern India and China having purple blossoms and small inedible yellow fruits; naturalized in the southern United States as a shade tree


pos: n
definition:
large semi-evergreen tree of the East Indies; trunk exudes a tenacious gum; bitter bark used as a tonic; seeds yield an aromatic oil; sometimes placed in genus Melia


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous trees and shrubs grown for their beautiful glossy foliage and sweetly fragrant starry flowers


pos: n
definition:
family created in 1950 solely for the classification of a distinctive African tree repeatedly classified in other families; trees long believed to exist only in Africa


pos: n
definition:
African tree often classified in other families; similar to the Costa Rican caracolito in wood structure as well as in fruit and flowers and leaves and seeds


pos: n
definition:
new (1993) genus of trees of Central America now recognized as similar to those of genus Lepidobotrys


pos: n
definition:
large Costa Rican tree having light-colored wood suitable for cabinetry; similar to the African lepidobotrys in wood structure as well as in fruit and flowers and leaves and seeds; often classified in other families


pos: n
definition:
a family of widely distributed herbs of the order Geraniales; have compound leaves and pentamerous flowers


pos: n
definition:
perennial bushy herb of central and southern United States having white flowers with green centers and often purple crest; similar to Seneca snakeroot


pos: n
definition:
bog plant of pine barrens of southeastern United States having spikes of irregular yellow-orange flowers


pos: n
definition:
common trailing perennial milkwort of eastern North America having leaves like wintergreen and usually rosy-purple flowers with winged sepals


pos: n
definition:
a family of dicotyledonous plants of order Geraniales; have flowers that are divide into four or five parts and usually have a strong scent


pos: n
definition:
European strong-scented perennial herb with grey-green bitter-tasting leaves; an irritant similar to poison ivy


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous tropical usually thorny evergreen trees of the genus Citrus having leathery evergreen leaves and widely cultivated for their juicy edible fruits having leathery aromatic rinds


pos: n
definition:
thorny evergreen small tree or shrub of India widely cultivated for its large lemonlike fruits that have thick warty rind


pos: n
definition:
citrus tree bearing large round edible fruit having a thick yellow rind and juicy somewhat acid pulp


pos: n
definition:
shrub or small tree having flattened globose fruit with very sweet aromatic pulp and thin yellow-orange to flame-orange rind that is loose and easily removed; native to southeastern Asia


pos: n
definition:
large citrus tree having large sweet deep orange fruit that is easily peeled; widely cultivated in Florida


pos: n
definition:
small genus of shrubs native to south China producing small ovoid fruits resembling oranges: includes kumquats


pos: n
definition:
any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Fortunella bearing small orange-colored edible fruits with thick sweet-flavored skin and sour pulp


pos: n
definition:
small fast-growing spiny deciduous Chinese orange tree bearing sweetly scented flowers and decorative but inedible fruit: used as a stock in grafting and for hedges


pos: n
definition:
type genus of Simaroubaceae; tropical American trees and shrubs having a pale soft wood and bitter bark


pos: n
definition:
tree of the Amazon valley yielding a light brittle timber locally regarded as resistant to insect attack


pos: n
definition:
medium to large tree of tropical North and South America having odd-pinnate leaves and long panicles of small pale yellow flowers followed by scarlet fruits


pos: n
definition:
African tree with edible yellow fruit resembling mangos; valued for its oil-rich seed and hardy green wood that resists termites


pos: n
definition:
handsome South American shrub or small tree having bright scarlet flowers and yielding a valuable fine-grained yellowish wood; yields the bitter drug quassia from its wood and bark


pos: n
definition:
a tropical American genus of dicotyledonous climbing or diffuse pungent herbs constituting the family Tropaeolaceae


pos: n
definition:
any tropical American plant of the genus Tropaeolum having pungent juice and long-spurred yellow to red flowers


pos: n
definition:
small trees, shrubs, and herbs of warm arid and saline regions; often resinous; some poisonous: genera Zygophyllum, Tribulus, Guaiacum, Larrea


pos: n
definition:
usually tropical herbs or shrubs having ill-smelling foliage and flower buds that are used as capers: bean capers


pos: n
definition:
desert shrub of southwestern United States and New Mexico having persistent resinous aromatic foliage and small yellow flowers


pos: n
definition:
tropical annual procumbent poisonous subshrub having fruit that splits into five spiny nutlets; serious pasture weed


pos: n
definition:
any of several Old World shrubby broad-leaved willows having large catkins; some are important sources for tanbark and charcoal


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous trees of north temperate regions having light soft wood and flowers borne in catkins


pos: n
definition:
a poplar that is widely cultivated in the United States; has white bark and leaves with whitish undersurfaces


pos: n
definition:
any of several trees of the genus Populus having leaves on flattened stalks so that they flutter in the lightest wind


pos: n
definition:
order of plants distinguished by having a one-celled inferior ovary; many are parasitic or partly parasitic usually on roots


pos: n
definition:
close-grained fragrant yellowish heartwood of the true sandalwood; has insect repelling properties and is used for carving and cabinetwork


pos: n
definition:
parasitic shrub of the eastern United States having opposite leaves and insignificant greenish flowers followed by oily dull green olivelike fruits


pos: n
definition:
shrub of southeastern United States parasitic on roots of hemlocks having sparse spikes of greenish flowers and pulpy drupes


pos: n
definition:
in some classification includes Viscaceae: parasitic or hemiparasitic shrublets or shrubs or small trees of tropical and temperate regions; attach to hosts by haustoria


pos: n
definition:
type genus of the Viscaceae: Old World evergreen shrubs parasitic on many trees including oaks but especially apple trees, poplars, aspens and cottonwoods


pos: n
definition:
Old World parasitic shrub having branching greenish stems with leathery leaves and waxy white glutinous berries; the traditional mistletoe of Christmas


pos: n
definition:
chiefly tropical New and Old World deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs bearing leathery drupes with yellow translucent flesh; most plants produce toxic saponins


pos: n
definition:
evergreen of tropical America having pulpy fruit containing saponin which was used as soap by Native Americans


pos: n
definition:
small genus of western African evergreen trees and shrubs bearing fleshy capsular three-seeded fruits edible when neither unripe nor overripe


pos: n
definition:
widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its fragrant flowers and colorful fruits; introduced in Jamaica by William Bligh


pos: n
definition:
tree of southeastern Asia to Australia grown primarily for its sweet edible fruit resembling litchi nuts; sometimes placed in genera Euphorbia or Nephelium


pos: n
definition:
Chinese tree cultivated especially in Philippines and India for its edible fruit; sometimes placed in genus Nephelium


pos: n
definition:
tropical American tree bearing a small edible fruit with green leathery skin and sweet juicy translucent pulp


pos: n
definition:
very hard tough close-grained light yellow wood of the box (particularly the common box); used in delicate woodwork: musical instruments and inlays and engraving blocks


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Pachysandra; low-growing evergreen herbs or subshrubs having dentate leaves and used as ground cover


pos: n
definition:
genus of woody vines and erect shrubs (type genus of the Celastraceae) that is native chiefly to Asia and Australia: includes bittersweet


pos: n
definition:
upright deciduous plant with crimson pods and seeds; the eastern United States from New York to Florida and Texas


pos: n
definition:
shrubs and trees with leathery leaves and small white flowers in racemes: genera Cyrilla and Cliftonia


pos: n
definition:
shrub or small tree of southeastern United States to West Indies and Brazil; grown for the slender racemes of white flowers and orange and crimson foliage


pos: n
definition:
tree of low-lying coastal areas of southeastern United States having glossy leaves and racemes of fragrant white flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous trees or shrubs of the genus Acer bearing winged seeds in pairs; north temperate zone


pos: n
definition:
wood of any of various maple trees; especially the hard close-grained wood of the sugar maple; used especially for furniture and flooring


pos: n
definition:
Eurasian maple tree with pale grey bark that peels in flakes like that of a sycamore tree; leaves with five ovate lobes yellow in autumn


pos: n
definition:
small genus of large deciduous shrubs having large clusters of winged seeds that turn red as they mature; central and southern China


pos: n
definition:
any tree or shrub of the genus Ilex having red berries and shiny evergreen leaves with prickly edges


pos: n
definition:
a large genus of dicotyledonous trees and shrubs of the family Aquifoliaceae that have small flowers and berries (including hollies)


pos: n
definition:
the cashew family; trees and shrubs and vines having resinous (sometimes poisonous) juice; includes cashew and mango and pistachio and poison ivy and sumac


pos: n
definition:
shrubby tree of southern United States having large plumes of feathery flowers resembling puffs of smoke


pos: n
definition:
deciduous or evergreen shrubs and shrubby trees of temperate and subtropical North America, South Africa, eastern Asia and northeastern Australia; usually limited to nonpoisonous sumacs (see genus Toxicodendron)


pos: n
definition:
genus of evergreen shrubs and trees of tropical and subtropical regions of South and Central America and Canary Islands and China


pos: n
definition:
small Peruvian evergreen with broad rounded head and slender pendant branches with attractive clusters of greenish flowers followed by clusters of rose-pink fruits


pos: n
definition:
in some classifications: comprising those members of the genus Rhus having foliage that is poisonous to the touch; of North America and northern South America


pos: n
definition:
climbing plant common in eastern and central United States with ternate leaves and greenish flowers followed by white berries; yields an irritating oil that causes a rash on contact


pos: n
definition:
tree having palmate leaves and large clusters of white to red flowers followed by brown shiny inedible seeds


pos: n
definition:
medium-sized tree of dry woodlands in the southern and eastern United States bearing yellow or orange very astringent fruit that is edible when fully ripe


pos: n
definition:
shrubby thorny deciduous tree of southeastern United States with white flowers and small black drupaceous fruit


pos: n
definition:
evergreen tree of West Indies and Central America having edible purple fruit star-shaped in cross section and dark green leaves with golden silky undersides


pos: n
definition:
large tropical American evergreen yielding chicle gum and edible fruit; sometimes placed in genus Achras


pos: n
definition:
tropical American tree having wood like mahogany and sweet edible egg-shaped fruit; in some classifications placed in the genus Calocarpum


pos: n
definition:
small yellowwood tree of southern United States having small fragrant white flowers; leaves and bark yield a yellow dye


pos: n
definition:
any shrub or small tree of the genus Styrax having fragrant bell-shaped flowers that hang below the dark green foliage


pos: n
definition:
plants that are variously modified to serve as insect traps: families Sarraceniaceae; Nepenthaceae; Droseraceae


pos: n
definition:
pitcher plant of southeastern United States having erect yellow trumpet-shaped pitchers with wide mouths and erect lids


pos: n
definition:
any of various bog plants of the genus Drosera having leaves covered with sticky hairs that trap and digest insects; cosmopolitan in distribution


pos: n
definition:
any of various northern temperate plants of the genus Sedum having fleshy leaves and red or yellow or white flowers


pos: n
definition:
California evergreen shrub having glossy opposite leaves and terminal clusters of a few fragrant white flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of various shrubs of the genus Deutzia having usually toothed opposite leaves and shredding bark and white or pink flowers in loose terminal clusters


pos: n
definition:
any of various chiefly deciduous ornamental shrubs of the genus Philadelphus having white sweet-scented flowers, single or in clusters; widely grown in temperate regions


pos: n
definition:
small genus of deciduous climbing and creeping shrubs with white flowers in flat clusters; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae


pos: n
definition:
a large and diverse family of evergreen or deciduous herbs; widely distributed in northern temperate and cold regions; sometimes includes genera of the family Hydrangeaceae


pos: n
definition:
type genus of the Saxifragaceae; large genus of usually perennial herbs of Arctic and cool regions of northern hemisphere: saxifrage


pos: n
definition:
a Japanese shrub that resembles members of the genus Spiraea; widely cultivated in many varieties for its dense panicles of flowers in many colors; often forced by florists for Easter blooming


pos: n
definition:
perennial plant of the western United States having bright red flowers in feathery spikes; used as an ornamental


pos: n
definition:
genus of low slender herbs of North America and northeastern Asia having flowers with trifid or pinnatifid petals


pos: n
definition:
any of various rhizomatous perennial herbs of the genus Mitella having a capsule resembling a bishop's miter


pos: n
definition:
any of various usually evergreen bog plants of the genus Parnassia having broad smooth basal leaves and a single pale flower resembling a buttercup


pos: n
definition:
any of several American plants of the genus Suksdorfia having orbicular to kidney-shaped somewhat succulent leaves and white or rose or violet flowers in terminal panicles


pos: n
definition:
genus of hardy perennials with palmately lobed leaves and long racemes of small nodding five-petaled flowers; western North America


pos: n
definition:
small genus of North American herbs having mostly basal leaves and slender racemes of delicate white flowers


pos: n
definition:
in some classifications considered a part of the family Saxifragaceae: plants whose fruit is a berry


pos: n
definition:
spiny Eurasian shrub having greenish purple-tinged flowers and ovoid yellow-green or red-purple berries


pos: n
definition:
any of several trees of the genus Platanus having thin pale bark that scales off in small plates and lobed leaves and ball-shaped heads of fruits


pos: n
definition:
Polemoniaceae; Solanaceae; Boraginaceae; Labiatae; Lentibulariaceae; Pedaliaceae; in some classifications includes the order Scrophulariales


pos: n
definition:
a widely distributed family of chiefly herbaceous plants of the order Polemoniales; often have showy flowers


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Polemonium; most are low-growing often foul-smelling plants of temperate to Arctic regions


pos: n
definition:
any polemoniaceous plant of the genus Phlox; chiefly North American; cultivated for their clusters of flowers


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Acanthus having large spiny leaves and spikes or white or purplish flowers; native to Mediterranean region but widely cultivated


pos: n
definition:
trees or shrubs or woody vines or herbs having fruit resembling gourds or capsules; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales


pos: n
definition:
a genus of tropical American trees of the family Bignoniaceae; has a short trunk and crooked limbs and drooping branches


pos: n
definition:
hairy blue-flowered European annual herb long used in herbal medicine and eaten raw as salad greens or cooked like spinach


pos: n
definition:
any of various Old World herbs of the genus Anchusa having one-sided clusters of trumpet-shaped flowers


pos: n
definition:
large tropical American tree of the genus Cordia grown for its abundant creamy white flowers and valuable wood


pos: n
definition:
a genus of herbs belonging to the family Boraginaceae that grow in temperate regions and have blue or purple flowers shaped like funnels


pos: n
definition:
morning glory; bindweed; sweet potato; plants having trumpet-shaped flowers and a climbing or twining habit


pos: n
definition:
twining plant of Asia Minor having cream-colored to purple flowers and long thick roots yielding a cathartic resin


pos: n
definition:
a leafless annual parasitic vine of the genus Cuscuta having whitish or yellow filamentous stems; obtain nourishment through haustoria


pos: n
definition:
a creeping perennial herb with hairy stems and orbicular to reniform leaves and small white to greenish flowers; used as a grass substitute in warm regions


pos: n
definition:
tropical American prostrate or climbing herbaceous perennial having an enormous starchy root; sometimes held to be source of the sweet potato


pos: n
definition:
large family of tropical herbs or shrubs or lianas; in some classification systems placed in the order Scrophulariales


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous tropical or subtropical small shrubs or treelets or epiphytic vines of the family Gesneriaceae: African violet; Cape primroses; gloxinia


pos: n
definition:
a plant of the genus Aeschynanthus having somewhat red or orange flowers and seeds having distinctive hairs at base and apex


pos: n
definition:
tropical plant having thick hairy somewhat toothed leaves and solitary or clustered yellow to scarlet flowers; many cultivated for their flowers and ornamental foliage


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Episcia; usually creeping and stoloniferous and of cascading habit; grown for their colorful foliage and flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of several plants of the genera Gloxinia or Sinningia (greenhouse gloxinias) having showy bell-shaped flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Streptocarpus having leaves in a basal rosette and flowers like primroses


pos: n
definition:
showy perennial herb with white flowers; leaves sometimes used as edible greens in southeastern United States


pos: n
definition:
a large family of aromatic herbs and shrubs having flowers resembling the lips of a mouth and four-lobed ovaries yielding four one-seeded nutlets and including mint; thyme; sage; rosemary


pos: n
definition:
any of various low-growing annual or perennial evergreen herbs native to Eurasia; used for ground cover


pos: n
definition:
perennial aromatic herbs growing in hedgerows or scrub or open woodlands from western Europe to central Asia and in North America


pos: n
definition:
erect perennial strong-scented with serrate pointed leaves and a loose panicle of yellowish flowers; the eastern United States


pos: n
definition:
any of various Old World tropical plants of the genus Coleus having multicolored decorative leaves and spikes of blue flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Elsholtzia having blue or purple flowers in one-sided spikes


pos: n
definition:
trailing European aromatic plant of the mint family having rounded leaves and small purplish flowers often grown in hanging baskets; naturalized in North America; sometimes placed in genus Nepeta


pos: n
definition:
erect hairy branching American herb having purple-blue flowers; yields an essential oil used as an insect repellent and sometimes in folk medicine


pos: n
definition:
a European mint with aromatic and pungent leaves used in perfumery and as a seasoning in cookery; often cultivated as a remedy for bruises; yields hyssop oil


pos: n
definition:
any of various Old World aromatic shrubs or subshrubs with usually mauve or blue flowers; widely cultivated


pos: n
definition:
bitter Old World herb of hedgerows and woodland margins having toothed leaves and white or pale pink flowers


pos: n
definition:
bushy perennial Old World mint having small white or yellowish flowers and fragrant lemon-flavored leaves; a garden escapee in northern Europe and North America


pos: n
definition:
a coarse Old World wild water mint having long leaves and spikelike clusters of flowers; naturalized in the eastern United States


pos: n
definition:
herb with downy leaves and small purple or white flowers that yields a pungent oil used as a flavoring


pos: n
definition:
common garden herb having clusters of small purplish flowers and yielding an oil used as a flavoring


pos: n
definition:
perennial aromatic herb of eastern North America having variously colored tubular flowers in dense showy heads


pos: n
definition:
tall erect perennial or annual having lanceolate leaves and heads of purple-spotted creamy flowers; many subspecies grown from eastern to southwestern United States and in Mexico


pos: n
definition:
hairy aromatic perennial herb having whorls of small white purple-spotted flowers in a terminal spike; used in the past as a domestic remedy; strongly attractive to cats


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Phlomis; grown primarily for their dense whorls of lipped flowers and attractive foliage


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Physostegia having sessile linear to oblong leaves and showy white or rose or lavender flowers


pos: n
definition:
aromatic herb of southern Europe; cultivated in Great Britain as a potherb and widely as an ornamental


pos: n
definition:
any of several aromatic herbs or subshrubs of the genus Satureja having spikes of flowers attractive to bees


pos: n
definition:
a herbaceous plant of the genus Scutellaria which has a calyx that, when inverted, resembles a helmet with its visor raised


pos: n
definition:
genus of shrubby often succulent herbs of tropical Africa and Asia; includes some plants often placed in genus Coleus


pos: n
definition:
large genus of usually woolly or hairy herbs or subshrubs or shrubs; temperate eastern hemisphere; tropical Australasia


pos: n
definition:
large widely distributed genus of perennial herbs or shrubs or subshrubs; native to Mediterranean region to western Asia


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous aquatic carnivorous plants of the genus Utricularia some of whose leaves are modified as small urn-shaped bladders that trap minute aquatic animals


pos: n
definition:
butterworts: a large genus of almost stemless carnivorous bog plants; Europe and America to Antarctica


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous carnivorous bog plants of the genus Pinguicula having showy purple or yellow or white flowers and a rosette of basal leaves coated with a sticky secretion to trap small insects


pos: n
definition:
rootless carnivorous swamp plants having at the base of the stem a rosette of foliage and leaves consisting of slender tubes swollen in the middle to form traps; each tube passes into two long spirally twisted arms with stiff hairs


pos: n
definition:
sprawling annual or perennial herb of Central America and West Indies having creamy-white to red-purple bell-shaped flowers followed by unusual horned fruit


pos: n
definition:
in some classifications included in the genus Martynia and hence the two taxonomic names for some of the unicorn plants


pos: n
definition:
a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Polemoniales; includes figwort and snapdragon and foxglove and toadflax and speedwell and mullein; in some classifications placed in the order Scrophulariales


pos: n
definition:
a garden plant of the genus Antirrhinum having showy white or yellow or crimson flowers resembling the face of a dragon


pos: n
definition:
small genus of North American herbs often root-parasitic and bearing golden-yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia


pos: n
definition:
any garden plant of the genus Calceolaria having flowers with large inflated slipper-shaped lower lip


pos: n
definition:
showy perennial of marshlands of eastern and central North America having waxy lanceolate leaves and flower with lower part creamy white and upper parts pale pink to deep purple


pos: n
definition:
white and lavender to pale-blue flowers grow in perfect rings of widely spaced bands around the stems forming a kind of pagoda; California


pos: n
definition:
a tall perennial herb having spikes of small white or purple flowers; common in eastern North America


pos: n
definition:
tall leafy European biennial or perennial having spectacular clusters of large tubular pink-purple flowers; leaves yield drug digitalis and are poisonous to livestock


pos: n
definition:
common European perennial having showy yellow and orange flowers; a naturalized weed in North America


pos: n
definition:
large genus of subshrubs or herbs having showy blue or purple or red or yellow or white flowers; mostly western North America


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Verbascum having large usually woolly leaves and terminal spikes of yellow or white or purplish flowers


pos: n
definition:
tall-stalked very woolly mullein with densely packed yellow flowers; ancient Greeks and Romans dipped the stalks in tallow for funeral torches


pos: n
definition:
plant of western North America and northeastern Asia having prostrate stems with dense racemes of pale violet to lilac flowers


pos: n
definition:
large and economically important family of herbs or shrubs or trees often strongly scented and sometimes narcotic or poisonous; includes the genera Solanum, Atropa, Brugmansia, Capsicum, Datura, Hyoscyamus, Lycopersicon, Nicotiana, Petunia, Physalis, and Solandra


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous shrubs or herbs or vines of the genus Solanum; most are poisonous though many bear edible fruit


pos: n
definition:
Australian annual sometimes cultivated for its racemes of purple flowers and edible yellow egg-shaped fruit


pos: n
definition:
poisonous perennial Old World vine having violet flowers and oval coral-red berries; widespread weed in North America


pos: n
definition:
weedy nightshade with silvery foliage and violet or blue or white flowers; roundish berry widely used to curdle milk; central United States to South America


pos: n
definition:
hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable


pos: n
definition:
Eurasian herb naturalized in America having white flowers and poisonous hairy foliage and bearing black berries that are sometimes poisonous but sometimes edible


pos: n
definition:
small perennial shrub cultivated in uplands of South America for its edible bright orange fruits resembling tomatoes or oranges


pos: n
definition:
annual native to South America having underground stolons bearing edible starchy tubers; widely cultivated as a garden vegetable; vines are poisonous


pos: n
definition:
perennial Eurasian herb with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries; extensively grown in United States; roots and leaves yield atropine


pos: n
definition:
South American arborescent shrub having pale pink blossoms followed by egg-shaped reddish-brown edible fruit somewhat resembling a tomato in flavor


pos: n
definition:
intensely poisonous tall coarse annual tropical weed having rank-smelling foliage, large white or violet trumpet-shaped flowers and prickly fruits


pos: n
definition:
poisonous fetid Old World herb having sticky hairy leaves and yellow-brown flowers; yields hyoscyamine and scopolamine


pos: n
definition:
spiny evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having spreading branches usually blue or mauve flowers and red berries


pos: n
definition:
a plant of southern Europe and North Africa having purple flowers, yellow fruits and a forked root formerly thought to have magical powers


pos: n
definition:
annual of Mexico and southern United States having edible purplish viscid fruit resembling small tomatoes


pos: n
definition:
Mexican annual naturalized in eastern North America having yellow to purple edible fruit resembling small tomatoes


pos: n
definition:
Mexican evergreen climbing plant having large solitary funnel-shaped fragrant yellow flowers with purple-brown ridges in the throat


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous tropical or subtropical American plants of the genus Verbena grown for their showy spikes of variously colored flowers


pos: n
definition:
tall East Indian timber tree now planted in western Africa and tropical America for its hard durable wood


pos: n
definition:
hard strong durable yellowish-brown wood of teak trees; resistant to insects and to warping; used for furniture and in shipbuilding


pos: n
definition:
tropical American plant having poisonous milk and showy tapering usually scarlet petallike leaves surrounding small yellow flowers


pos: n
definition:
evergreen tropical trees and shrubs with thick and colorful leathery leaves; Malaya and Pacific islands


pos: n
definition:
cassava with long tuberous edible roots and soft brittle stems; used especially to make cassiri (an intoxicating drink) and tapioca


pos: n
definition:
large tree native to southeastern Asia; the nuts yield oil used in varnishes; nut kernels strung together are used locally as candles


pos: n
definition:
greenhouse shrub with glossy green leaves and showy fragrant rose-like flowers; cultivated in many varieties


pos: n
definition:
a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree extensively cultivated in e.g. China and Japan and India; source of tea leaves


pos: n
definition:
any of various tall and stout herbs of the genus Angelica having pinnately compound leaves and small white or greenish flowers in compound umbels


pos: n
definition:
aromatic annual Old World herb cultivated for its finely divided and often curly leaves for use especially in soups and salads


pos: n
definition:
large branching biennial herb native to Eurasia and Africa and adventive in North America having large fernlike leaves and white flowers; usually found in damp habitats; all parts extremely poisonous


pos: n
definition:
perennial plant widely cultivated as an annual in many varieties for its long conical orange edible roots; temperate and tropical regions


pos: n
definition:
biennial weed in Europe and America having large pinnate leaves and yellow flowers and a bitter and somewhat poisonous root; the ancestor of cultivated parsnip


pos: n
definition:
native to Egypt but cultivated widely for its aromatic seeds and the oil from them used medicinally and as a flavoring in cookery


pos: n
definition:
a plant of the genus Sanicula having palmately compound leaves and unisexual flowers in panicled umbels followed by bristly fruit; reputed to have healing powers


pos: n
definition:
European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb


pos: n
definition:
a rosid dicot family of the order Umbellales including: genera Aucuba, Cornus, Corokia, Curtisia, Griselinia, Helwingia


pos: n
definition:
a rosid dicot genus of the family Cornaceae including: dogwood; cornel: perennial chiefly deciduous shrubs or small trees of temperate regions of northern hemisphere


pos: n
definition:
creeping perennial herb distinguished by red berries and clustered leaf whorls at the tips of shoots; Greenland to Alaska


pos: n
definition:
evergreen shrubs with intricately twisted wiry stems that in summer are smothered in small yellow flowers; grows in New Zealand


pos: n
definition:
South American shrub or small tree having long shining evergreen leaves and panicles of green or yellow flowers


pos: n
definition:
any fern of the genus Osmunda: large ferns with creeping rhizomes; naked sporangia are on modified fronds that resemble flower clusters


pos: n
definition:
New World fern having woolly cinnamon-colored spore-bearing fronds in early spring later surrounded by green fronds; the early uncurling fronds are edible


pos: n
definition:
type genus of the Schizaeaceae cosmopolitan especially in tropics; small leptosporangiate ferns: curly grass fern


pos: n
definition:
European water fern found around margins of bodies of water or in wet acid soil having small globose sporocarps


pos: n
definition:
a small pore especially one in the reproductive bodies of certain algae and fungi through which spores pass


pos: n
definition:
any of various small particles in the cytoplasm of the cells of plants and some animals containing pigments or starch or oil or protein


pos: n
definition:
large order of ascomycetous fungi usually having a dark hard perithecia with definite ostioles; in more recent classifications often divided among several orders


pos: n
definition:
genus of fungi with black perithecia used extensively in genetic research; includes some forms with orange spore masses that cause severe damage in bakeries


pos: n
definition:
family of fungi having brightly colored fleshy or membranous ascocarps; sometimes placed in its own order Hypocreales


pos: n
definition:
a fungus that infects various cereal plants forming compact black masses of branching filaments that replace many grains of the plant; source of medicinally important alkaloids and of lysergic acid


pos: n
definition:
an order of fungi having a peridium surrounding a gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)


pos: n
definition:
any of various fungi of the genus Scleroderma having hard-skinned subterranean fruiting bodies resembling truffles


pos: n
definition:
an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes; has a distinct basidiocarp with a fleshy or waxy gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)


pos: n
definition:
large family of chiefly saprophytic fungi that includes many common molds destructive to food products


pos: n
definition:
slime molds; organisms having a noncellular and multinucleate creeping vegetative phase and a propagative spore-producing stage: comprises Myxomycetes and Acrasiomycetes; in some classifications placed in the kingdom Protoctista


pos: n
definition:
a large and probably unnatural group of fungi and funguslike organisms comprising the Mastigomycota (including the Oomycetes) and Zygomycota subdivisions of the division Eumycota; a category not used in all systems


pos: n
definition:
fungi in which the spores and gametes are motile; in some systems placed in the Phycomycetes group with the Zygomycota


pos: n
definition:
nonphotosynthetic fungi that resemble algae and that reproduce by forming oospores; sometimes classified as protoctists


pos: n
definition:
simple aquatic fungi mostly saprophytic but some parasitic on higher plants or animals or fresh water fungi; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes


pos: n
definition:
fungi that carry out asexual reproduction by thick-walled resting spores that produce zoospores upon germination; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes


pos: n
definition:
fungi having sporangia usually borne successively and singly at the tips of branching sporangiophores


pos: n
definition:
type genus of Plasmodiophoraceae comprising minute plant parasitic fungi similar to and sometimes included among the slime molds


pos: n
definition:
family of fungi whose ascocarps resemble tubers and vary in size from that of an acorn to that of a large apple


pos: n
definition:
any of various highly prized edible subterranean fungi of the genus Tuber; grow naturally in southwestern Europe


pos: n
definition:
comprising the lichens which grow symbiotically with algae; sometimes treated as an independent group more or less coordinate with algae and fungi


pos: n
definition:
category used especially in former classifications for organisms now constituting the division Lichenes


pos: n
definition:
any thallophytic plant of the division Lichenes; occur as crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks or rocks or bare ground etc.


pos: n
definition:
fruticose lichens having prostrate or erect or pendulous thalli: genera Usnea, Evernia, Ramalina, Alectoria


pos: n
definition:
type genus of Cladoniaceae; lichens characterized by a crustose thallus and capitate fruiting bodies borne on simple or branched podetia


pos: n
definition:
the taxonomic kingdom including yeast, molds, smuts, mushrooms, and toadstools; distinct from the green plants


pos: n
definition:
an organism of the kingdom Fungi lacking chlorophyll and feeding on organic matter; ranging from unicellular or multicellular organisms to spore-bearing syncytia


pos: n
definition:
a small club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the ends of minute projections; unique to basidiomycetes


pos: n
definition:
special cell constituting the base of the basidium in various fungi especially of the order Tremellales


pos: n
definition:
true fungi; eukaryotic heterotrophic walled organisms; distinguished from Myxomycota (funguslike slime molds): comprises subdivisions Mastigomycotina; Zygomycotina; Ascomycotina; Basidiomycotina; Deuteromycotina (imperfect fungi)


pos: n
definition:
large and heterogeneous form division of fungi comprising forms for which no sexually reproductive stage is known


pos: n
definition:
comprises fungi bearing the spores on a basidium; includes Gasteromycetes (puffballs) and Tiliomycetes comprising the orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts) and Hymenomycetes (mushrooms, toadstools, agarics and bracket fungi); in some classification systems considered a division of kingdom Fungi


pos: n
definition:
category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including e.g. mushrooms and puffballs which are usually placed in the classes Gasteromycetes and Hymenomycetes


pos: n
definition:
category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including rusts and smuts


pos: n
definition:
any of various fleshy fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota consisting of a cap at the end of a stem arising from an underground mycelium


pos: n
definition:
used in some classifications; usually coextensive with order Agaricales: mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi


pos: n
definition:
widely distributed edible mushroom rich yellow in color with a smooth cap and a pleasant apricot aroma


pos: n
definition:
genus of black-spotted agarics in which the cap breaks down at maturity into an inky fluid; sometimes placed in its own family Coprinaceae


pos: n
definition:
large genus of agarics that have white spore and contain a white or milky juice when cut or broken; includes both edible and poisonous species


pos: n
definition:
genus of gilled agarics of Europe and North America having brown spores and an annulus; grows on open ground or decaying wood


pos: n
definition:
large genus of fungi with stout stems and white spores and neither annulus nor volva; brittle caps of red or purple or yellow or green or blue; differs from genus Lactarius in lacking milky juice


pos: n
definition:
genus of gill fungi with brown spores that is closely related to Agaricus; here placed in its own family Strophariaceae


pos: n
definition:
any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus


pos: n
definition:
genus of fungi having simple smooth sporophores; some are parasitic on wood or economic crops; some species formerly placed in form genus Rhizoctinia


pos: n
definition:
genus of fungi having the hymenium in the form of a crust; some species formerly placed in form genus Rhizoctinia


pos: n
definition:
agarics with white spores and a fleshy stalk and notched gills; of various colors both edible and inedible


pos: n
definition:
a large genus of fungi belonging to the family Pluteaceae; the shape of the cap resembles a roof; often abundant early in the summer


pos: n
definition:
a genus of agarics with white to pale yellow spore deposits and fleshy stalks centrally attached to the cap and closely attached gills


pos: n
definition:
compact usually dark-colored mass of hardened mycelium constituting a vegetative food-storage body in various true fungi; detaches when mature and can give rise to new growth


pos: n
definition:
a large subdivision of Eumycota including Hemiascomycetes and Plectomycetes and Pyrenomycetes and Discomycetes; sac fungi; in some classification systems considered a division of the kingdom Fungi


pos: n
definition:
any fungus of the class Ascomycetes (or subdivision Ascomycota) in which the spores are formed inside an ascus


pos: n
definition:
class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a cleistothecium (it releases spores only on decay or disintegration)


pos: n
definition:
order of fungi having a closed ascocarp (cleistothecium) with the asci scattered rather than gathered in a hymenium


pos: n
definition:
class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a perithecium; includes powdery mildews and ergot and Neurospora


pos: n
definition:
a large and taxonomically difficult group of Ascomycetes in which the fleshy fruiting body is disklike or cup-shaped


pos: n
definition:
fungi in which the hymenium is enclosed until after spores have matured: puffballs; earth stars; stinkhorn fungi


pos: n
definition:
order of fungi comprising the stinkhorns and related forms whose mature hymenium is slimy and fetid; sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes


pos: n
definition:
closely related to genus Phallus distinguished by an indusium hanging like a skirt from below the pileus


pos: n
definition:
small order of basidiomycetous fungi having fleshy often globose fruiting bodies; includes puffballs and earthstars


pos: n
definition:
any of various fungi of the family Lycoperdaceae whose round fruiting body discharges a cloud of spores when mature


pos: n
definition:
genus of puffballs having outer casings whose upper parts break at maturity into angular pieces to expose the spores


pos: n
definition:
any fungus of the family Geastraceae; in form suggesting a puffball whose outer peridium splits into the shape of a star


pos: n
definition:
a family of fungi that have a stalk and cap and a wrinkled mass of tissue (the gleba) where spores are produced; are often dismissed as misshapen forms of other fungi


pos: n
definition:
a stout-stemmed genus of fungus belonging to the family Secotiaceae having fruiting bodies that never expand completely


pos: n
definition:
a genus of fungi belonging to the family Secotiaceae; they resemble boletes but the spores are not discharged from the basidium


pos: n
definition:
includes chiefly saprophytic fungi typically with shelflike bodies; sometimes placed in class Hymenomycetes or included in Agaricales


pos: n
definition:
woody pore fungi; any fungus of the family Polyporaceae or family Boletaceae having the spore-bearing surface within tubes or pores; the fruiting bodies are usually woody at maturity and persistent


pos: n
definition:
a family of fungi closely related to the family Polyporaceae except that the tubes on the undersurface of the cap are separate from each other


pos: n
definition:
genus of bracket fungi forming corky or woody perennial shelflike sporophores often of large size; includes some that cause destructive heartrot in trees


pos: n
definition:
family of fleshy fungi having the germ pores easily separating from the cup and often from each other


pos: n
definition:
a family of basidiomycetous fungi of the order Tremellales that have the basidium divided longitudinally


pos: n
definition:
a family of basidiomycetous fungi belonging to the order Tremellales having a bifurcate basidium that lacks septa


pos: n
definition:
type genus of the Pucciniaceae; a large genus of parasitic fungi including many that are destructive to various economic plants


pos: n
definition:
genus of fungi that produce galls on cedars and other conifers of genera Juniperus and Libocedrus and causes rust spots on apples and pears and other plants of family Rosaceae


pos: n
definition:
category used in some systems to comprise the two orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts)


pos: n
definition:
type genus of Septobasidiaceae: smooth shelf fungi usually having a well-developed sometimes thick-walled hypobasidium


pos: n
definition:
a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales; the gills of these fungi have a clean waxy appearance


pos: n
definition:
the largest genus in the Agaricales; agarics having rusty spores and prominent cortinae (cobwebby partial veils)


pos: n
definition:
order of imperfect fungi lacking conidiophores of having conidiophores that are superficial and not enclosed in a pycnidium


pos: n
definition:
family of imperfect fungi having white or brightly colored hyphae and spores that are produced directly on the mycelium and not aggregated in fruiting bodies


pos: n
definition:
genus of fungi commonly growing as green or blue molds on decaying food; used in making cheese and as a source of penicillin


pos: n
definition:
any of various yeastlike budding fungi of the genus Blastomyces; cause disease in humans and other animals


pos: n
definition:
type genus of the Tuberculariaceae; fungi with nodules of red or pink conidia; some cause diebacks of woody plants


pos: n
definition:
a plant adapted to arid conditions and characterized by fleshy water-storing tissues that act as water reservoirs


pos: n
definition:
an organism or species surviving as a remnant of an otherwise extinct flora or fauna in an environment much changed from that in which it originated


pos: n
definition:
(botany) a natural swelling or enlargement: at the base of the stalk or seta in certain mosses or on the cone scale of certain conifers


pos: n
definition:
(botany) a usually terminal tuft of bracts (as in the pineapple) or tuft of hairs (especially on certain seeds)


pos: n
definition:
fleshy and usually brightly colored cover of some seeds that develops from the ovule stalk and partially or entirely envelopes the seed


pos: n
definition:
the male sex organ of spore-producing plants; produces antherozoids; equivalent to the anther in flowers


pos: n
definition:
a sporangium formed from a single epidermal cell; characteristic of the Filicales or of almost all modern ferns


pos: n
definition:
a spore-bearing branch or organ: the part of the thallus of a sporophyte that develops spores; in ferns and mosses and liverworts is practically equivalent to the sporophyte


pos: n
definition:
a membrane enclosing and protecting the developing spores especially that covering the sori of a fern


pos: n
definition:
the primary tissue of higher plants composed of thin-walled cells that remain capable of cell division even when mature; constitutes the greater part of leaves, roots, the pulp of fruits, and the pith of stems


pos: n
definition:
a formative one-cell layer of tissue between xylem and phloem in most vascular plants that is responsible for secondary growth


pos: n
definition:
newly formed outer wood lying between the cambium and the heartwood of a tree or woody plant; usually light colored; active in water conduction


pos: n
definition:
the older inactive central wood of a tree or woody plant; usually darker and denser than the surrounding sapwood


pos: n
definition:
any of the vascular bundles or ribs that form the branching framework of conducting and supporting tissues in a leaf or other plant organ


pos: n
definition:
the woody part of plants: the supporting and water-conducting tissue, consisting primarily of tracheids and vessels


pos: n
definition:
(botany) tissue that conducts synthesized food substances (e.g., from leaves) to parts where needed; consists primarily of sieve tubes


pos: n
definition:
a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms


pos: n
definition:
land plant growing in surroundings having an average supply of water; compare xerophyte and hydrophyte


pos: n
definition:
a plant that grows partly or wholly in water whether rooted in the mud, as a lotus, or floating without anchorage, as the water hyacinth


pos: n
definition:
plant that derives moisture and nutrients from the air and rain; usually grows on another plant but not parasitic on it


pos: n
definition:
an epiphytic vine or tree whose aerial roots extend down the trunk of a supporting tree and coalesce around it eventually strangling the tree


pos: n
definition:
(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground


pos: n
definition:
an air-filled root (submerged or exposed) that can function as a respiratory organ of a marsh or swamp plant


pos: n
definition:
a plant or stem onto which a graft is made; especially a plant grown specifically to provide the root part of grafted plants


pos: n
definition:
root or part of a root used for plant propagation; especially that part of a grafted plant that supplies the roots


pos: n
definition:
a part (sometimes a root or leaf or bud) removed from a plant to propagate a new plant through rooting or grafting


pos: n
definition:
supporting stalk or stem-like structure especially of a pistil or fern frond or supporting a mushroom cap


pos: n
definition:
flat-topped or rounded inflorescence characteristic of the family Umbelliferae in which the individual flower stalks arise from about the same point; youngest flowers are at the center


pos: n
definition:
flat-topped or convex inflorescence in which the individual flower stalks grow upward from various points on the main stem to approximately the same height; outer flowers open first


pos: n
definition:
a small stalk bearing a single flower of an inflorescence; an ultimate division of a common peduncle


pos: n
definition:
a dense flower cluster (as of the lilac or horse chestnut) in which the main axis is racemose and the branches are cymose


pos: n
definition:
a modified bud consisting of a thickened globular underground stem serving as a reproductive structure


pos: n
definition:
the fleshy multiple fruit of the fig consisting of an enlarged hollow receptacle containing numerous fruitlets


pos: n
definition:
a small fruit having any of various structures, e.g., simple (grape or blueberry) or aggregate (blackberry or raspberry)


pos: n
definition:
fruit consisting of many individual small fruits or drupes derived from separate ovaries within a common receptacle: e.g. blackberry; raspberry; pineapple


pos: n
definition:
an indehiscent fruit derived from a single ovary having one or many seeds within a fleshy wall or pericarp: e.g. grape; tomato; cranberry


pos: n
definition:
fleshy indehiscent fruit with a single seed: e.g. almond; peach; plum; cherry; elderberry; olive; jujube


pos: n
definition:
seedpods that are constricted between the seeds and that break apart when mature into single-seeded segments


pos: n
definition:
fruit of such plants as the plantain; a capsule whose upper part falls off when the seeds are released


pos: n
definition:
small spiny evergreen shrub of western United States and Mexico with minute flowers and bright red berries


pos: n
definition:
mostly tropical American shrubs or small trees with small yellowish flowers and yellow or red fruits


pos: n
definition:
any of several small to medium-sized trees of Florida and West Indies with thin scaly bark and heavy dark heartwood


pos: n
definition:
the type genus of the family Vitaceae; woody vines with simple leaves and small flowers; includes a wide variety of grapes


pos: n
definition:
climber having dark red berries (peppercorns) when fully ripe; southern India and Sri Lanka; naturalized in northern Burma and Assam


pos: n
definition:
Asian pepper plant whose dried leaves are chewed with betel nut (seed of the betel palm) by southeast Asians


pos: n
definition:
spicy fruit of the cubeb vine; when dried and crushed is used medicinally or in perfumery and sometimes smoked in cigarettes


pos: n
definition:
one of many raised pores on the stems of woody plants that allow the interchange of gas between the atmosphere and the interior tissue


pos: n
definition:
a cluster of leaves growing in crowded circles from a common center or crown (usually at or close to the ground)


pos: n
definition:
a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year


pos: n
definition:
the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber


pos: n
definition:
type genus of Gleicheniaceae: leptosporangiate ferns with sessile sporangia; South Africa to Malaysia and New Zealand


pos: n
definition:
ferns: a large family that in some classification systems has been subdivided into several families (including Aspleniaceae and Blechnaceae and Davalliaceae and Dennstaedtiaceae and Dryopteridaceae and Oleandraceae and Pteridaceae)


pos: n
definition:
any of several bizarre ferns of the genus Lecanopteris having swollen hollow rhizomes that provide homes for symbiotic ants


pos: n
definition:
one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems: genus Vittaria


pos: n
definition:
one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Asplenium, Pleurosorus, Schaffneria


pos: n
definition:
small genus of Old World ferns; superseded in some classification systems which place plants of this genus in e.g. genera Asplenium and Pleurosorus


pos: n
definition:
small genus comprising terrestrial ferns; found in Chile and Spain and Morocco and Australia and New Zealand


pos: n
definition:
a genus of ferns belonging to the family Polypodiaceae (in some classification systems included in genus Asplenium)


pos: n
definition:
one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Blechnum, Doodia, Sadleria, Stenochlaena, and Woodwardia


pos: n
definition:
in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae; terrestrial ferns of cosmopolitan distribution mainly in southern hemisphere: hard ferns


pos: n
definition:
in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae; small terrestrial colony-forming ferns of Australasia


pos: n
definition:
large tropical ferns; some epiphytic climbers and some terrestrial bog ferns; Africa; Asia; Australasia


pos: n
definition:
one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


pos: n
definition:
tree ferns of temperate Australasia having bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid fronds and usually marginal sori; in some classification systems placed in family Cyatheaceae


pos: n
definition:
in some classification systems placed in family Cyatheaceae: ornamental tree ferns with coarse gracefully drooping fronds


pos: n
definition:
includes some plants usually placed in e.g. genus Dicksonia: terrestrial ferns resembling bracken; tropical America; Malaysia to Australia and Polynesia; southwestern Europe and Atlantic islands


pos: n
definition:
alternative names for one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


pos: n
definition:
large widespread genus of medium-sized terrestrial ferns; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae


pos: n
definition:
temperate and tropical lady ferns; in some classifications placed in family Polypodiaceae or in the genus Asplenium


pos: n
definition:
small genus sometimes included in genus Onoclea; in some classifications both genera are placed in Polypodiaceae


pos: n
definition:
tall fern of northern temperate regions having graceful arched fronds and sporophylls resembling ostrich plumes


pos: n
definition:
small to medium-sized terrestrial ferns especially holly ferns; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae


pos: n
definition:
one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; Pteridaceae is itself in turn sometimes further subdivided


pos: n
definition:
cosmopolitan genus of ferns: maidenhair ferns; in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae


pos: n
definition:
any of various small to large terrestrial ferns of the genus Adiantum having delicate palmately branched fronds


pos: n
definition:
small evergreen ferns: lipferns; in some classifications placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae


pos: n
definition:
any of various terrestrial ferns of the genus Cheilanthes; cosmopolitan in arid and semiarid temperate or tropical regions


pos: n
definition:
small terrestrial ferns of Old World tropics and subtropics: clawed ferns; sometimes placed in family Cryptogrammataceae


pos: n
definition:
genus of chiefly small rock-loving ferns; in some classification systems it is placed in the family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae


pos: n
definition:
terrestrial tropical ferns having fronds with powdery yellowish or white undersides; sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae


pos: n
definition:
large genus of terrestrial ferns of tropics and subtropics; sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae


pos: n
definition:
any of various ferns of the genus Pteris having pinnately compound leaves and including several popular houseplants


pos: n
definition:
highly variable species of very large primitive ferns of the Pacific tropical areas with high rainfall


pos: n
definition:
whisk ferns; comprising the family Psilotaceae or Psilotatae: vascular plants with no roots, partial if any leaf differentiation, and rudimentary spore sacs


pos: n
definition:
lower vascular plants having dichotomously branched sporophyte divided into aerial shoot and rhizome and lacking true roots


pos: n
definition:
Paleozoic simple dichotomously branched plants of Europe and eastern Canada including the oldest known vascular land plants


pos: n
definition:
type genus of the Rhyniaceae; small leafless dichotomously branching fossil plants with terminal sporangia and smooth branching rhizomes


pos: n
definition:
Devonian fossil plant considered one of the earliest forms of vascular land plants; similar to genus Rhynia but smaller


pos: n
definition:
perennial rushlike flowerless herbs with jointed hollow stems and narrow toothlike leaves that spread by creeping rhizomes; tend to become weedy; common in northern hemisphere; some in Africa and South America


pos: n
definition:
club mosses and related forms: includes Lycopodiales; Isoetales; Selaginellales; and extinct Lepidodendrales; sometimes considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta


pos: n
definition:
fossil arborescent plants arising during the early Devonian and conspicuous throughout the Carboniferous


pos: n
definition:
lower vascular plants coextensive with the family Lycopodiaceae; in some classifications includes the Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae


pos: n
definition:
type and sole genus of the Lycopodiaceae; erect or creeping evergreen plants often used for Christmas decorations


pos: n
definition:
type and sole genus of the Selaginellaceae; evergreen moss-like plants: spike moss and little club moss


pos: n
definition:
aquatic or marsh-growing fern allies; known to have existed since the Cenozoic; sometimes included in Lycopodiales


pos: n
definition:
any of several spore-bearing aquatic or marsh plants having short rhizomes and leaves resembling quills; worldwide except Polynesia


pos: n
definition:
one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems


pos: n
definition:
marsh ferns: in some classification systems considered part of genus Dryopteris in family Dryopteridaceae


pos: n
definition:
medium to large terrestrial ferns of tropical Asia to Polynesia and Australia; naturalized in Americas


pos: n
definition:
beech ferns: genus is variously classified: considered alternative name for genus Dryopteris or included in genus Thelypteris


pos: n
definition:
genus of edible mushrooms having white spores an annulus and blue juice; some are edible; some cause root rot


pos: n
definition:
a honey-colored diminutive form of genus Armillaria; grows in clusters; edible (when cooked) but most attention has been on how to get rid of it


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous plants of the genus Asclepias having milky juice and pods that split open releasing seeds with downy tufts


pos: n
definition:
tropical herb having orange-red flowers followed by pods suggesting a swallow with outspread wings; a weed throughout the tropics


pos: n
definition:
any of various mostly giant tropical lianas of Africa and Madagascar having greenish or purple flowers and long smooth pods; roots formerly used as an emetic


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Stapelia having succulent leafless toothed stems resembling cacti and large foul-smelling (often star-shaped) flowers


pos: n
definition:
twining woody vine of Madagascar having thick dark waxy evergreen leaves and clusters of large fragrant waxy white flowers along the stems; widely cultivated in warm regions


pos: n
definition:
genus of chiefly tropical American vines having cordate leaves and large purple or greenish cymose flowers; supposedly having powers as an antidote


pos: n
definition:
the relation of an owner to the thing possessed; possession with the right to transfer possession to others


pos: n
definition:
the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is forfeited


pos: n
definition:
a medieval form of land tenure in England; a copyhold was a parcel of land granted to a peasant by the lord of the manor in return for agricultural services


pos: n
definition:
an unincorporated business owned by a single person who is responsible for its liabilities and entitled to its profits


pos: n
definition:
personal as opposed to real property; any tangible movable property (furniture or domestic animals or a car etc)


pos: n
definition:
land acquired from the United States public lands by filing a record and living on and cultivating it under the homestead law


pos: n
definition:
a place where oranges are grown; a plantation of orange trees in warm climes or a greenhouse in cooler areas


pos: n
definition:
a grant (by a sovereign or a legislative body) of resources to maintain a dependent member of a ruling family


pos: n
definition:
income before interest and taxes and depreciation and amortization have been subtracted; an indicator of a company's profitability that is watched by investors (especially in leveraged buyouts)


pos: n
definition:
former measure of the United States economy; the total market value of goods and services produced by all citizens and capital during a given period (usually 1 yr)


pos: n
definition:
the measure of an economy adopted by the United States in 1991; the total market values of goods and services produced by workers and capital within a nation's borders during a given period (usually 1 year)


pos: n
definition:
a statistical factor designed to remove the effect of inflation; inflation adjusted variables are in constant dollars


pos: n
definition:
the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)


pos: n
definition:
that which is inherited; a title or property or estate that passes by law to the heir on the death of the owner


pos: n
definition:
(law) an increase in a beneficiary's share in an estate (as when a co-beneficiary dies or fails to meet some condition or rejects the inheritance)


pos: n
definition:
(law) any property that is considered by law or custom as inseparable from an inheritance is inherited with that inheritance


pos: n
definition:
payment or reward (especially from a government) for acts such as catching criminals or killing predatory animals or enlisting in the military


pos: n
definition:
a prize, bonus, or award given as an inducement to purchase products, enter competitions initiated by business interests, etc.


pos: n
definition:
an adjustment made for the weight of the packaging in order to determine the net weight of the goods


pos: n
definition:
amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)


pos: n
definition:
the expense of maintaining property (e.g., paying property taxes and utilities and insurance); it does not include depreciation or the cost of financing or income taxes


pos: n
definition:
something (such as money) given or received as payment or reparation (as for a service or loss or injury)


pos: n
definition:
a commercial bribe paid by a seller to a purchasing agent in order to induce the agent to enter into the transaction


pos: n
definition:
funds advanced to a prospector or to someone starting a business in return for a share of the profits


pos: n
definition:
compensation received by virtue of holding an office or having employment (usually in the form of wages or fees)


pos: n
definition:
(often plural) a payment that is made to a performer or writer or director of a television show or commercial that is paid for every repeat showing


pos: n
definition:
an annuity scheme wherein participants share certain benefits and on the death of any participant his benefits are redistributed among the remaining participants; can run for a fixed period of time or until the death of all but one participant


pos: n
definition:
a payment or series of payments made by the lessee to an owner for use of some property, facility, equipment, or service


pos: n
definition:
the return derived from cultivated land in excess of that derived from the poorest land cultivated under similar conditions


pos: n
definition:
an incidental benefit awarded for certain types of employment (especially if it is regarded as a right)


pos: n
definition:
repayment of the principal amount of a debt or security at or before maturity (as when a corporation repurchases its own stock)


pos: n
definition:
a deduction allowed to a taxpayer because of his status (having certain dependents or being blind or being over 65 etc.)


pos: n
definition:
a fee for services rendered based on a percentage of an amount received or collected or agreed to be paid (as distinguished from a salary)


pos: n
definition:
a fee (in addition to that marked on the brief) paid to counsel in a case that lasts more than one day


pos: n
definition:
something for something; that which a party receives (or is promised) in return for something he does or gives or promises


pos: n
definition:
a charge required as compensation for the delay of a ship or freight car or other cargo beyond its scheduled time of departure


pos: n
definition:
an additional charge (as for items previously omitted or as a penalty for failure to exercise common caution or common skill)


pos: n
definition:
a reduction in the gross amount on which a tax is calculated; reduces taxes by the percentage fixed for the taxpayer's income bracket


pos: n
definition:
(accounting) an intangible asset valued according to the advantage or reputation a business has acquired (over and above its tangible assets)


pos: n
definition:
the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest (equity)


pos: n
definition:
the ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future


pos: n
definition:
(law) an interest in an estate that reverts to the grantor (or his heirs) at the end of some period (e.g., the death of the grantee)


pos: n
definition:
any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate


pos: n
definition:
(stock market) a series of transactions in which the speculator increases his holdings by using the rising market value of those holdings as margin for further purchases


pos: n
definition:
any technique designed to reduce or eliminate financial risk; for example, taking two positions that will offset each other if prices change


pos: n
definition:
promise of reimbursement in the case of loss; paid to people or companies so concerned about hazards that they have made prepayments to an insurance company


pos: n
definition:
a form of life insurance whereby on the death or default of a participant his share is distributed to the remaining members


pos: n
definition:
sharing the risk by insurance companies; part or all of the insurer's risk is assumed by other companies in return for part of the premium paid by the insured


pos: n
definition:
group insurance that entitles members to services of participating hospitals and clinics and physicians


pos: n
definition:
(law) a security entered into before a court with a condition to perform some act required by law; on failure to perform that act a sum is forfeited


pos: n
definition:
(criminal law) money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial


pos: n
definition:
the amount of collateral a customer deposits with a broker when borrowing from the broker to buy securities


pos: n
definition:
wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value


pos: n
definition:
a state treasury or exchequer or a royal treasury; originally the public treasury of Rome or the emperor's private purse


pos: n
definition:
something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)


pos: n
definition:
(finance) profits that are not paid out as dividends but are added to the capital base of the corporation


pos: n
definition:
a reserve fund created by a charge against profits in order to provide for changes in the value of a company's assets


pos: n
definition:
a monetary standard under which the basic unit of currency is defined by stated amounts of two metals (usually gold and silver) with values set at a predetermined ratio


pos: n
definition:
a card (usually plastic) that assures a seller that the person using it has a satisfactory credit rating and that the issuer will see to it that the seller receives payment for the merchandise delivered


pos: n
definition:
a check given by the British government to someone who is unemployed; it can be cashed either at a bank or at the post office


pos: n
definition:
currency of the major financial and industrial countries held in those countries for the purpose of lending and borrowing


pos: n
definition:
negotiable debt obligations of the United States government which guarantees that interest and principal payments will be paid on time


pos: n
definition:
one percent of the total principal of a loan; it is paid at the time the loan is made and is independent of the interest on the loan


pos: n
definition:
a bookkeeper's chronological list of related debits and credits of a business; forms part of a ledger of accounts


pos: n
definition:
that part of the earnings of a corporation that is distributed to its shareholders; usually paid quarterly


pos: n
definition:
(accounting) a service (less exhaustive than an audit) that provides some assurance to interested parties as to the reliability of financial data


pos: n
definition:
a slip of paper included with your pay that records how much money you have earned and how much tax or insurance etc. has been taken out


pos: n
definition:
(accounting) the value of a firm's current assets including raw materials and work in progress and finished goods


pos: n
definition:
the amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else


pos: n
definition:
a written agreement (or property or money) delivered to a third party or put in trust by one party to a contract to be returned after fulfillment of some condition


pos: n
definition:
a debt instrument with a variable interest rate tied to some other interest rate (e.g. the rate paid by T-bills)


pos: n
definition:
a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends


pos: n
definition:
a certificate whose value is recognized by the payer and payee; scrip is not currency but may be convertible into currency


pos: n
definition:
a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal


pos: n
definition:
a type of security issued by a corporation (usually together with a bond or preferred stock) that gives the holder the right to purchase a certain amount of common stock at a stated price


pos: n
definition:
a corporate security (usually bonds or preferred stock) that can be exchanged for another form of security (usually common stock)


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid


pos: n
definition:
(physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) the formation of a celestial object by the effect of gravity pulling together surrounding objects and gases


pos: n
definition:
the building of words from component morphemes that retain their form and meaning in the process of combining


pos: n
definition:
the coalescing of small particles that are suspended in solution; these larger masses are then (usually) precipitated


pos: n
definition:
the direct method of cell division characterized by simple division of the nucleus without formation of chromosomes


pos: n
definition:
the synthesis in living organisms of more complex substances (e.g., living tissue) from simpler ones together with the storage of energy


pos: n
definition:
the process of producing pictures in contrasting colors that appear three-dimensional when superimposed and viewed through spectacles with one red and one green lens


pos: n
definition:
metamorphism that occurs deep under the earth's surface; changes simple minerals into complex minerals


pos: n
definition:
male parthenogenesis in which the embryo contains only paternal chromosomes due to the failure of the egg nucleus to participate in fertilization


pos: n
definition:
(biology) reproduction by the union or fusion of two differing gametes (especially differing in size)


pos: n
definition:
the absence of ovulation due to immaturity or post-maturity or pregnancy or oral contraceptive pills or dysfunction of the ovary


pos: n
definition:
the gradual disappearance of an initial (usually unstressed) vowel or syllable as in `squire' for `esquire'


pos: n
definition:
(botany) development of an embryo without fertilization; especially the development in some ferns of a sporophyte from the gametophyte without fertilization


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) any process of combination (especially in solution) that depends on relatively weak chemical bonding


pos: n
definition:
the execution of low priority programs while higher priority programs are not using the processing system


pos: n
definition:
reproduction of some unicellular organisms (such as yeasts) by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent


pos: n
definition:
breakdown in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones together with release of energy


pos: n
definition:
acceleration of a chemical reaction induced the presence of material that is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction


pos: n
definition:
introduction during embryonic development of characters or structure not present in the earlier evolutionary history of the strain or species (such as the addition of the placenta in mammalian evolution)


pos: n
definition:
(medicine) the process of removing a heavy metal from the bloodstream by means of a chelate as in treating lead or mercury poisoning


pos: n
definition:
(botany) the process in some plants of parts growing together that are usually separate (such as petals)


pos: n
definition:
combustion that propagates through a gas or along the surface of an explosive at a rapid rate driven by the transfer of heat


pos: n
definition:
(psychiatry) a defense mechanism that conceals your undesirable shortcomings by exaggerating desirable behaviors


pos: n
definition:
(meteorology) the vertical movement of heat or other properties by massive motion within the atmosphere


pos: n
definition:
(psychiatry) a defense mechanism represses emotional conflicts which are then converted into physical symptoms that have no organic basis


pos: n
definition:
the process whereby heavy molecules of naphtha or petroleum are broken down into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight (especially in the oil-refining process)


pos: n
definition:
a process whereby voters are moved toward nonpartisanship thus weakening the structure of political parties


pos: n
definition:
the process of removing a carboxyl group from a chemical compound (usually replacing it with hydrogen)


pos: n
definition:
the spontaneous disintegration of a radioactive substance along with the emission of ionizing radiation


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance


pos: n
definition:
(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires


pos: n
definition:
the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality


pos: n
definition:
(descriptive linguistics) the process whereby new words are formed from existing words or bases by affixation


pos: n
definition:
the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert; is usually caused by climate change or by destructive use of the land


pos: n
definition:
social process of neutralizing the influence of Joseph Stalin by revising his policies and removing monuments dedicated to him and renaming places named in his honor


pos: n
definition:
a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)


pos: n
definition:
(physics) the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration


pos: n
definition:
(psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) a reaction in which an elementary substance displaces and sets free a constituent element from a compound


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) the temporary or reversible process in which a molecule or ion is broken down into smaller molecules or ions


pos: n
definition:
data processing in which some of the functions are performed in different places and connected by transmission facilities


pos: n
definition:
the process of representing intermediate colors by patterns of tiny colored dots that simulate the desired color


pos: n
definition:
a chemical reaction between two compounds in which parts of each are interchanged to form two new compounds (AB+CD=AD+CB)


pos: n
definition:
the linguistic process in which over a period of time a word grows more positive in connotation or more elevated in meaning


pos: n
definition:
a change that occurs in degenerative joint disease in which bone is converted into a dense smooth substance resembling ivory


pos: n
definition:
the escape of blood from ruptured blood vessels into the surrounding tissue to form a purple or black-and-blue spot on the skin


pos: n
definition:
the deposition of a substance on an electrode by the action of electricity (especially by electrolysis)


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) a chemical decomposition reaction produced by passing an electric current through a solution containing ions


pos: n
definition:
the motion of charged particles in a colloid under the influence of an electric field; particles with a positive charge go to the cathode and negative to the anode


pos: n
definition:
omission of a sound between two words (usually a vowel and the end of one word or the beginning of the next)


pos: n
definition:
the process of extracting one material from another by washing with a solvent to remove adsorbed material from an adsorbent (as in washing of loaded ion-exchange resins to remove captured ions); used to obtain uranium ions


pos: n
definition:
growing a crystal layer of one mineral on the crystal base of another mineral in such a manner that its crystalline orientation is the same as that of the substrate


pos: n
definition:
(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)


pos: n
definition:
excessive nutrients in a lake or other body of water, usually caused by runoff of nutrients (animal waste, fertilizers, sewage) from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life; the decomposition of the plants depletes the supply of oxygen, leading to the death of animal life


pos: n
definition:
(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms


pos: n
definition:
the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means


pos: n
definition:
the process of exuding or passing out of a vessel into surrounding tissues; said of blood or lymph or urine


pos: n
definition:
the process in which part of the output of a system is returned to its input in order to regulate its further output


pos: n
definition:
the process of becoming feminized; the development of female characteristics (loss of facial hair or breast enlargement) in a male because of hormonal disorders or castration


pos: n
definition:
a nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy


pos: n
definition:
reproduction of some unicellular organisms by division of the cell into two more or less equal parts


pos: n
definition:
the process of fossilizing a plant or animal that existed in some earlier age; the process of being turned to stone


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) the condition of a file that is broken up and stored in many different locations on a magnetic disk


pos: n
definition:
a method of drying food or blood plasma or pharmaceuticals or tissue without destroying their physical structure; material is frozen and then warmed in a vacuum so that the ice sublimes


pos: n
definition:
a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy


pos: n
definition:
a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and releases energy for the body in the form of ATP


pos: n
definition:
(electronics) the production of (semiconductor) crystals by slow crystallization from the molten state


pos: n
definition:
(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level


pos: n
definition:
female parthenogenesis in which the embryo contains only maternal chromosomes due to the failure of the sperm to fuse with the egg nucleus


pos: n
definition:
the process whereby hydrocarbon molecules of petroleum are broken down into kerosene and gasolene by the addition of hydrogen under high pressure in the presence of a catalyst


pos: n
definition:
a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds; involves the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion from the water


pos: n
definition:
(psychiatry) a defense mechanism that splits something you are ambivalent about into two representations--one good and one bad


pos: n
definition:
(embryology) the organic process whereby a fertilized egg becomes implanted in the lining of the uterus of placental mammals


pos: n
definition:
(medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease


pos: n
definition:
(geology) the erosion of soil as a consequence of sand and dust and loose rocks being removed by the wind


pos: n
definition:
the process of extracting certain active properties (as a drug from a plant) by steeping or soaking (usually in water)


pos: n
definition:
automatic data processing in which data acquisition and other stages or processing are integrated into a coherent system


pos: n
definition:
the increase in volume of certain substances when they are heated (often accompanied by release of water)


pos: n
definition:
(biology) growth in the surface area of a cell by the deposit of new particles between existing particles in the cell wall


pos: n
definition:
a chemical process in which the direction of optical rotation of a substance is reversed from dextrorotatory to levorotary or vice versa


pos: n
definition:
reduction in size of an organ or part (as in the return of the uterus to normal size after childbirth)


pos: n
definition:
the process of ionizing; the formation of ions by separating atoms or molecules or radicals or by adding or subtracting electrons from atoms by strong electric fields in a gas


pos: n
definition:
agglutination of an agglutinogen of one individual by a serum from another individual of the same species


pos: n
definition:
(psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which memory of an unacceptable act or impulse is separated from the emotion originally associated with it


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) executing the same set of instructions a given number of times or until a specified result is obtained


pos: n
definition:
organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells


pos: n
definition:
metamorphism that occurs at or near the earth's surface; breaks down complex minerals into simpler ones


pos: n
definition:
organic process by which keratin is deposited in cells and the cells become horny (as in nails and hair)


pos: n
definition:
evolution on a large scale extending over geologic era and resulting in the formation of new taxonomic groups


pos: n
definition:
the social process of becoming or being made marginal (especially as a group within the larger society)


pos: n
definition:
the abnormal development of male sexual characteristics in a female (usually as the result of hormone therapies or adrenal malfunction)


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms; the nucleus divides into four nuclei each containing half the chromosome number (leading to gametes in animals and spores in plants)


pos: n
definition:
severe overheating of the core of a nuclear reactor resulting in the core melting and radiation escaping


pos: n
definition:
abnormally heavy or prolonged menstruation; can be a symptom of uterine tumors and can lead to anemia if prolonged


pos: n
definition:
change in the structure of rock by natural agencies such as pressure or heat or introduction of new chemical substances


pos: n
definition:
a linguistic process of transposition of sounds or syllables within a word or words within a sentence


pos: n
definition:
regeneration on a reduced scale of a body part; observed especially in invertebrates such as certain lobsters


pos: n
definition:
a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base interact with the formation of a salt; with strong acids and bases the essential reaction is the combination of hydrogen ions with hydroxyl ions to form water


pos: n
definition:
the oxidation of ammonium compounds in dead organic material into nitrates and nitrites by soil bacteria (making nitrogen available to plants)


pos: n
definition:
the chemical process in which a nitro group is added to an organic compound (or substituted for another group in an organic compound)


pos: n
definition:
meiosis in which there is a failure of paired homologous chromosomes to separate; results in an abnormal number of chromosomes in the daughter cells


pos: n
definition:
(physiology) the organic process of nourishing or being nourished; the processes by which an organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and maintenance


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) data processing in which the result is completely specified by a rule (especially the processing that results from a single instruction)


pos: n
definition:
(biology, chemistry) diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal


pos: n
definition:
(psychiatry) an attempt to overcome a real or imagined defect or unwanted trait by overly exaggerating its opposite


pos: n
definition:
the process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons; always occurs accompanied by reduction


pos: n
definition:
emergence during embryonic development of various characters or structures that appeared during the evolutionary history of the strain or species


pos: n
definition:
process in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual; common among insects and some other arthropods


pos: n
definition:
the process of turning some plant material into stone by infiltration with water carrying mineral particles without changing the original shape


pos: n
definition:
process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris; an important defense against infection


pos: n
definition:
a process involving fixation and dehydration and forced impregnation and hardening of biological tissues; water and lipids are replaced by curable polymers (silicone or epoxy or polyester) that are subsequently hardened


pos: n
definition:
(psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your own traits and emotions are attributed to someone else


pos: n
definition:
the development in the life of an individual of some disorder that is caused by psychological rather than physiological factors


pos: n
definition:
asexual reproduction in which a local growth on the surface or in the body of the parent becomes a separate individual


pos: n
definition:
the swelling of the capsule surrounding a microorganism after reaction with an antibody; the basis of certain tests for identifying microorganisms


pos: n
definition:
the process of making a radiograph; producing an image on a radiosensitive surface by radiation other than visible light


pos: n
definition:
(psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your true motivation is concealed by explaining your actions and feelings in a way that is not threatening


pos: n
definition:
any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent


pos: n
definition:
(embryology) the ability of an early embryo to continue normal development after its structure has been somehow damaged or altered


pos: n
definition:
(psychiatry) the classical defense mechanism that protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious


pos: n
definition:
the organic process in which the substance of some differentiated structure that has been produced by the body undergoes lysis and assimilation


pos: n
definition:
retrieval of information from unconnected databases; the situation that exists when it is necessary to climb out of one database in order to climb down into another; sometimes used for protection against wandering hackers


pos: n
definition:
the formation of reddish-brown ferric oxides on iron by low-temperature oxidation in the presence of water


pos: n
definition:
(geology) the leaping movement of sand or soil particles as they are transported in a fluid medium over an uneven surface


pos: n
definition:
a chemical reaction in which an ester is heated with an alkali (especially the alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or oil to make soap)


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) the separation of paired alleles during meiosis so that members of each pair of alleles appear in different gametes


pos: n
definition:
(psychology) the process of becoming highly sensitive to specific events or situations (especially emotional events or situations)


pos: n
definition:
the action of forming a chelate or other stable compound with an ion or atom or molecule so that it is no longer available for reactions


pos: n
definition:
the process of becoming softened and saturated as a consequence of being immersed in water (or other liquid)


pos: n
definition:
a chemical process in which solvent molecules and molecules or ions of the solute combine to form a compound


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) the process of storing information in a computer memory or on a magnetic tape or disk


pos: n
definition:
a geological process in which one edge of a crustal plate is forced sideways and downward into the mantle below another plate


pos: n
definition:
(ecology) the gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established


pos: n
definition:
(physiology) the process whereby multiple stimuli can produce a response (in a muscle or nerve or other part) that one stimulus alone does not produce


pos: n
definition:
the fusion of originally different inflected forms (resulting in a reduction in the use of inflections)


pos: n
definition:
the working together of two things (muscles or drugs for example) to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; the process whereby a base sequence of messenger RNA is synthesized on a template of complementary DNA


pos: n
definition:
the process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) the process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm


pos: n
definition:
an exchange of molecules (and their kinetic energy and momentum) across the boundary between adjacent layers of a fluid or across cell membranes


pos: n
definition:
the process of tumefying; the organic process whereby tissue becomes swollen by the accumulation of fluid within it


pos: n
definition:
healing process involving the growing together of the edges of a wound or the growing together of broken bones


pos: n
definition:
process of treating rubber or rubberlike materials with sulphur at great heat to improve elasticity and strength or to harden them


pos: n
definition:
assimilation of Western culture; the social process of becoming familiar with or converting to the customs and practices of Western civilization


pos: n
definition:
a process in which an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol


pos: n
definition:
a complete metric system of units of measurement for scientists; fundamental quantities are length (meter) and mass (kilogram) and time (second) and electric current (ampere) and temperature (kelvin) and amount of matter (mole) and luminous intensity (candela)


pos: n
definition:
a data transmission rate; the maximum amount of information (bits/second) that can be transmitted along a channel


pos: n
definition:
(in an election with more than 2 options) the number of votes for the candidate or party receiving the greatest number (but less that half of the votes)


pos: n
definition:
the quantity of a particular substance that can dissolve in a particular solvent (yielding a saturated solution)


pos: n
definition:
a unit of measurement of the refractive power of a lens which is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in meters; used by oculists


pos: n
definition:
the unit of measurement for the proportion of gold in an alloy; 18-karat gold is 75% gold; 24-karat gold is pure gold


pos: n
definition:
a measure of the rate of decrease in the intensity of electromagnetic radiation (as light) as it passes through a given substance; the fraction of incident radiant energy absorbed per unit mass or thickness of an absorber


pos: n
definition:
(physics) a coefficient that expresses how much of a specified property is possessed by a specified substance


pos: n
definition:
the fractional change in length or area or volume per unit change in temperature at a given constant pressure


pos: n
definition:
(statistics) a coefficient assigned to elements of a frequency distribution in order to represent their relative importance


pos: n
definition:
(physics) the universal constant in the gas equation: pressure times volume = R times temperature; equal to 8.3143 joules per kelvin per mole


pos: n
definition:
the constant of proportionality relating the energy of a photon to its frequency; approximately 6.626 x 10^-34 joule-second


pos: n
definition:
(numeration system) the positive integer that is equivalent to one in the next higher counting place


pos: n
definition:
a cardinal number represented as 1 followed by a googol of zeros (ten raised to the power of a googol)


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a unit for measuring the execution speed of a computer's CPU (but not the whole system)


pos: n
definition:
a unit of acoustic absorption equivalent to the absorption by a square foot of a surface that absorbs all incident sound


pos: n
definition:
the unit of plane angle adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites; equal to the angle at the center of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the radius (approximately 57.295 degrees)


pos: n
definition:
(physics) a unit of nuclear cross section; the effective circular area that one particle presents to another as a target for an encounter


pos: n
definition:
a British imperial capacity measure (liquid or dry) equal to 1/60th fluid dram or 0.059194 cubic centimeters


pos: n
definition:
a British imperial unit of capacity or volume (liquid or dry) equal to 8 fluid drams or 28.416 cubic centimeters (1.734 cubic inches)


pos: n
definition:
a British imperial capacity unit (liquid or dry) equal to 5 fluid ounces or 142.066 cubic centimeters


pos: n
definition:
a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)


pos: n
definition:
a unit of measurement of information (from binary + digit); the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a bit that is used in an error detection procedure in which a 0 or 1 is added to each group of bits so that it will have either an odd number of 1's or an even number of 1's; e.g., if the parity is odd then any group of bits that arrives with an even number of 1's must contain an error


pos: n
definition:
a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one character of alphanumeric data) processed as a single unit of information


pos: n
definition:
the minimum track length that can be assigned to store information; unless otherwise specified a sector of data consists of 512 bytes


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) the part of a hard disk that is dedicated to a particular operating system or application and accessed as a single unit


pos: n
definition:
the capacitance of a capacitor that has an equal and opposite charge of 1 coulomb on each plate and a voltage difference of 1 volt between the plates


pos: n
definition:
a unit of electrical charge equal to the amount of charge transferred by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second


pos: n
definition:
a cgs unit of magnetic flux equal to the flux perpendicular to an area of 1 square centimeter in a magnetic field of 1 gauss


pos: n
definition:
a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second


pos: n
definition:
a cgs unit of illumination equal to the brightness of a perfectly diffusing surface that emits or reflects one lumen per square centimeter


pos: n
definition:
a luminance unit equal to 1 candle per square meter measured perpendicular to the rays from the source


pos: n
definition:
a unit of luminous flux equal to the amount of light given out through a solid angle of 1 steradian by a point source of 1 candela intensity radiating uniformly in all directions


pos: n
definition:
the basic unit of luminous intensity adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites; equal to 1/60 of the luminous intensity per square centimeter of a black body radiating at the temperature of 2,046 degrees Kelvin


pos: n
definition:
a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt; equivalent to the potential difference across a resistance of 1 ohm when 1 ampere of current flows through it


pos: n
definition:
a power unit equal to the power dissipated when 1 abampere flows across a potential difference of 1 abvolt (one ten-thousandth of a milliwatt)


pos: n
definition:
a unit of power equal to 1 joule per second; the power dissipated by a current of 1 ampere flowing across a resistance of 1 ohm


pos: n
definition:
a unit of electrical power in an AC circuit equal to the power dissipated when 1 volt produces a current of 1 ampere


pos: n
definition:
a unit of radioactivity equal to the amount of a radioactive isotope that decays at the rate of 37,000,000,000 disintegrations per second


pos: n
definition:
the SI unit of energy absorbed from ionizing radiation; equal to the absorption of one joule of radiation energy by one kilogram of matter; one gray equals 100 rad


pos: n
definition:
a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air


pos: n
definition:
(Roentgen Equivalent Man) the dosage of ionizing radiation that will cause the same amount of injury to human tissue as 1 roentgen of X-rays


pos: n
definition:
a unit of electrical resistance equal to the resistance between two points on a conductor when a potential difference of one volt between them produces a current of one ampere


pos: n
definition:
a unit of force equal to the force that imparts an acceleration of 1 m/sec/sec to a mass of 1 kilogram; equal to 100,000 dynes


pos: n
definition:
a unit of force equal to the force that imparts an acceleration of 1 foot/sec/sec to a mass of 1 pound; equal to 0.1382 newtons


pos: n
definition:
a nontechnical unit of force equal to the mass of 1 pound with an acceleration of free fall equal to 32 feet/sec/sec


pos: n
definition:
a unit of force equal to the force exerted by gravity; used to indicate the force to which a body is subjected when it is accelerated


pos: n
definition:
a unit of gravitational acceleration equal to one centimeter per second per second (named after Galileo)


pos: n
definition:
a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride


pos: n
definition:
about seven inches; the breadth of a fist with the thumb stuck out (used especially in archery to give the correct distance of the string from the bow)


pos: n
definition:
a unit of length equal to one thousandth of an inch; used to specify thickness (e.g., of sheets or wire)


pos: n
definition:
a unit of length used for distances within the solar system; equal to the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun (approximately 93 million miles or 150 million kilometers)


pos: n
definition:
a unit of astronomical length based on the distance from Earth at which stellar parallax is 1 second of arc; equivalent to 3.262 light years


pos: n
definition:
a metric unit of length equal to one ten billionth of a meter (or 0.0001 micron); used to specify wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation


pos: n
definition:
the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)


pos: n
definition:
a unit of length used in navigation; exactly 1,852 meters; historically based on the distance spanned by one minute of arc in latitude


pos: n
definition:
a former British unit of length equivalent to 6,080 feet (1,853.184 meters); 800 feet longer than a statute mile


pos: n
definition:
the basic monetary unit of most members of the European Union (introduced in 1999); in 2002 twelve European nations (Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Greece, Austria, Finland) adopted the euro as their basic unit of money and abandoned their traditional currencies


pos: n
definition:
a fractional monetary unit of several countries: El Salvador and Sao Tome and Principe and Brazil and Argentina and Bolivia and Colombia and Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Ecuador and El Salvador and Guatemala and Honduras and Mexico and Nicaragua and Peru and the Philippines and Portugal


pos: n
definition:
a fractional monetary unit of several countries: France and Algeria and Belgium and Burkina Faso and Burundi and Cameroon and Chad and the Congo and Gabon and Haiti and the Ivory Coast and Luxembourg and Mali and Morocco and Niger and Rwanda and Senegal and Switzerland and Togo


pos: n
definition:
a fractional monetary unit in Bahrain and Iraq and Jordan and Kuwait; equal to one thousandth of a dinar


pos: n
definition:
a fractional monetary unit of Japan and Indonesia and Cambodia; equal to one hundredth of a yen or rupiah or riel


pos: n
definition:
a United States dollar deposited in a European bank and used as an international currency to finance trade


pos: n
definition:
a unit of pressure: the pressure that will support a column of mercury 760 mm high at sea level and 0 degrees centigrade


pos: n
definition:
a logarithmic unit of sound intensity; 10 times the logarithm of the ratio of the sound intensity to some reference intensity


pos: n
definition:
a cgs unit of dynamic viscosity equal to one dyne-second per square centimeter; the viscosity of a fluid in which a force of one dyne per square centimeter maintains a velocity of 1 centimeter per second


pos: n
definition:
a system of weights used for precious metals and gemstones; based on a 12-ounce pound and an ounce of 480 grains


pos: n
definition:
any of various units of weight used in southeastern Asia (especially a Chinese measure equal to 500 grams)


pos: n
definition:
a unit of weight used in some parts of Asia; approximately equal to 133 pounds (the load a grown man can carry)


pos: n
definition:
a unit of weight used in some Moslem countries near the Mediterranean; varies between one and five pounds


pos: n
definition:
a unit of mass equal to the mass that accelerates at 1 foot/sec/sec when acted upon by a force of 1 pound; approximately 14.5939 kilograms


pos: n
definition:
the molecular weight of a substance expressed in grams; the basic unit of amount of substance adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites


pos: n
definition:
a cgs unit of work or energy; the work done by a force of one dyne acting over a distance of one centimeter


pos: n
definition:
a unit of energy equal to the work done by an electron accelerated through a potential difference of 1 volt


pos: n
definition:
a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second


pos: n
definition:
unit of heat defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree centigrade at atmospheric pressure


pos: n
definition:
a unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree at one atmosphere pressure; used by nutritionists to characterize the energy-producing potential in food


pos: n
definition:
a unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at one atmosphere pressure; equivalent to 251.997 calories


pos: n
definition:
the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) a number of the form a+bi where a and b are real numbers and i is the square root of -1


pos: n
definition:
(bridge) a pair of playing cards that are the only cards in their suit in the hand dealt to a player


pos: n
definition:
the number that is represented as a one followed by 12 zeros; in the United Kingdom the usage followed in the United States is frequently seen


pos: n
definition:
the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle; approximately equal to 3.14159265358979323846...


pos: n
definition:
the number of inhabitants (either the total number or the number of a particular race or class) in a given place (country or city etc.)


pos: n
definition:
a measure of alcoholic strength expressed as an integer twice the percentage of alcohol present (by volume)


pos: n
definition:
a relation between people; (`relationship' is often used where `relation' would serve, as in `the relationship between inflation and unemployment', but the preferred usage of `relationship' is for human relations or states of relatedness)


pos: n
definition:
a cooperative relationship between people or groups who agree to share responsibility for achieving some specific goal


pos: n
definition:
a close personal relationship that forms between people (as between husband and wife or parent and child)


pos: n
definition:
two propositions are contradictories if both cannot be true (or both cannot be false) at the same time


pos: n
definition:
a logical relation such that two propositions are contraries if both cannot be true but both can be false


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)


pos: n
definition:
a function of a topological space that gives, for any two points in the space, a value equal to the distance between them


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) a transformation in which the coordinate axes are rotated by a fixed angle about the origin


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) a transformation in which the origin of the coordinate system is moved to another position but the direction of each axis remains the same


pos: n
definition:
a one-to-one mapping of one metric space into another metric space that preserves the distances between each pair of points


pos: n
definition:
ratio of the length of the side opposite the given angle to the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) a relation between a pair of integers: if both integers are odd or both are even they have the same parity; if one is odd and the other is even they have different parity


pos: n
definition:
a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)


pos: n
definition:
(electronics) connection of components in such a manner that current flows first through one and then through the other


pos: n
definition:
a relation implicated by virtue of involvement or close connection (especially an incriminating involvement)


pos: n
definition:
a style in speech or writing that arrests attention and has a penetrating or convincing quality or effect


pos: n
definition:
(logic and mathematics) a relation between three elements such that if it holds between the first and second and it also holds between the second and third it must necessarily hold between the first and third


pos: n
definition:
the grammatical relation between linguistic units (words or phrases or clauses) that are connected by a conjunction


pos: n
definition:
a grammatical qualification that makes the meaning more specific (`red hat' has a more specific meaning than `hat')


pos: n
definition:
a classification of propositions on the basis of whether they claim necessity or possibility or impossibility


pos: n
definition:
(linguistics) the grammatical relation (active or passive) of the grammatical subject of a verb to the action that the verb denotes


pos: n
definition:
the voice used to indicate that the grammatical subject of the verb is performing the action or causing the happening denoted by the verb


pos: n
definition:
the voice used to indicate that the grammatical subject of the verb is the recipient (not the source) of the action denoted by the verb


pos: n
definition:
a change in the form of a word (usually by adding a suffix) to indicate a change in its grammatical function


pos: n
definition:
a tense of verbs used in describing action that has been completed (sometimes regarded as perfective aspect)


pos: n
definition:
the semantic relation that holds between two words that can (in a given context) express the same meaning


pos: n
definition:
the semantic relation that holds between two words that can (in a given context) express opposite meanings


pos: n
definition:
the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning or the relation between two words that are pronounced the same way but differ in meaning


pos: n
definition:
an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole


pos: n
definition:
a relation of affinity or harmony between people; whatever affects one correspondingly affects the other


pos: n
definition:
(biology) state of relationship between organisms or groups of organisms resulting in resemblance in structure or structural parts


pos: n
definition:
the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) the ratio of the total mass of an element in the earth's crust to the total mass of the earth's crust; expressed as a percentage or in parts per million


pos: n
definition:
(physics) the ratio of the number of atoms of a specific isotope of an element to the total number of isotopes present


pos: n
definition:
the ratio of the number of observations in a statistical category to the total number of observations


pos: n
definition:
the ratio of the volume occupied by packed red blood cells to the volume of the whole blood as measured by a hematocrit


pos: n
definition:
a measure of a person's intelligence as indicated by an intelligence test; the ratio of a person's mental age to their chronological age (multiplied by 100)


pos: n
definition:
a number assigned to the ratio of two quantities; two quantities are of the same order of magnitude if one is less than 10 times as large as the other; the number of magnitudes that the quantities differ is specified to within a power of 10


pos: n
definition:
(epidemiology) the ratio (for a given time period) of the number of occurrences of a disease or event to the number of units at risk in the population


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) the relation between the quantities of substances that take part in a reaction or form a compound (typically a ratio of whole integers)


pos: n
definition:
the ratio of the number of workers that had to be replaced in a given time period to the average number of workers


pos: n
definition:
position of aircraft or spacecraft relative to a frame of reference (the horizon or direction of motion)


pos: n
definition:
the relation between two different kinds of organisms when one receives benefits from the other without damaging it


pos: n
definition:
the relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it (usually not fatal damage)


pos: n
definition:
the relation between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other


pos: n
definition:
a symbiotic relation in which one organism protects the other in return for some kind of food product


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) one of a pair of numbers whose product is 1: the reciprocal of 2/3 is 3/2; the multiplicative inverse of 7 is 1/7


pos: n
definition:
the interrelation of conscious and unconscious processes and emotions that determine personality and motivation


pos: n
definition:
accepted or approved instance or example of a quantity or quality against which others are judged or measured or compared


pos: n
definition:
opposition in a work of drama or fiction between characters or forces (especially an opposition that motivates the development of the plot)


pos: n
definition:
a logical relation between propositions p and q of the form `if p then q'; if p is true then q cannot be false


pos: n
definition:
a slight convexity in the shaft of a column; compensates for the illusion of concavity that viewers experience when the sides are perfectly straight


pos: n
definition:
a plane figure with rounded sides curving inward at the top and intersecting at the bottom; conventionally used on playing cards and valentines


pos: n
definition:
the curve theoretically assumed by a perfectly flexible and inextensible cord of uniform density and cross section hanging freely from two fixed points


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) the shortest line between two points on a mathematically defined surface (as a straight line on a plane or an arc of a great circle on a sphere)


pos: n
definition:
a straight line or plane that touches a curve or curved surface at a point but does not intersect it at that point


pos: n
definition:
a straight line from the center to the perimeter of a circle (or from the center to the surface of a sphere)


pos: n
definition:
a straight line connecting the center of a circle with two points on its perimeter (or the center of a sphere with two points on its surface)


pos: n
definition:
ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point


pos: n
definition:
one of a series of rounded projections (or the notches between them) formed by curves along an edge (as the edge of a leaf or piece of cloth or the margin of a shell or a shriveled red blood cell observed in a hypertonic solution etc.)


pos: n
definition:
anything with a round or oval shape (formed by a curve that is closed and does not intersect itself)


pos: n
definition:
a plane curve traced by a point circling about the center but at increasing distances from the center


pos: n
definition:
(geometry) a ratio describing the shape of a conic section; the ratio of the distance between the foci to the length of the major axis


pos: n
definition:
a closed plane curve resulting from the intersection of a circular cone and a plane cutting completely through it


pos: n
definition:
(geometry) a plane rectangle with four equal sides and four right angles; a four-sided regular polygon


pos: n
definition:
a regular polygon formed by extending each of the sides of a regular hexagon to form two equilateral triangles


pos: n
definition:
(mineralogy) a star-shaped figure with six rays that is seen in some crystal structures under reflected or transmitted light


pos: n
definition:
a star with 5 points; formed by 5 straight lines between the vertices of a pentagon and enclosing another pentagon


pos: n
definition:
a parallelogram with adjacent sides of unequal lengths; an oblique-angled parallelogram with only the opposite sides equal


pos: n
definition:
a polyhedron with two congruent and parallel faces (the bases) and whose lateral faces are parallelograms


pos: n
definition:
a plane curve formed by the intersection of a right circular cone and a plane parallel to an element of the curve


pos: n
definition:
the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) the angular distance of a celestial point measured westward along the celestial equator from the zenith crossing; the right ascension for an observer at a particular location and time of day


pos: n
definition:
(geometry) the angle formed by the x-axis and a given line (measured counterclockwise from the positive half of the x-axis)


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) the angle between the plane of the orbit and the plane of the ecliptic stated in degrees


pos: n
definition:
(architecture) the exterior angle formed by the junction of a sloping side and a sloping end of a roof


pos: n
definition:
the angle between the direction a gun is aimed and the position of a moving target (correcting for the flight time of the missile)


pos: n
definition:
the azimuth of a celestial body is the angle between the vertical plane containing it and the plane of the meridian


pos: n
definition:
a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record)


pos: n
definition:
a surface having parabolic sections parallel to a single coordinate axis and elliptic sections perpendicular to that axis


pos: n
definition:
the perpendicular distance from the base of a geometric figure to the opposite vertex (or side if parallel)


pos: n
definition:
a three-dimensional closed surface such that every point on the surface is equidistant from the center


pos: n
definition:
a ring-shaped surface generated by rotating a circle around an axis that does not intersect the circle


pos: n
definition:
the lines that form patterns on the skin (especially on the fingertips and the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet)


pos: n
definition:
any of a number of tiny parallel grooves such as: the scratches left by a glacier on rocks or the streaks or ridges in muscle tissue


pos: n
definition:
a circle that rolls around (inside or outside) another circle; generates an epicycloid or hypocycloid


pos: n
definition:
a truncated cone or pyramid; the part that is left when a cone or pyramid is cut by a plane parallel to the base and the apical part is removed


pos: n
definition:
a polyhedron whose vertices all lie in one or the other of two parallel planes; the faces that lie in those planes are the bases of the prismatoid


pos: n
definition:
a prismatoid whose bases are polygons having the same number of sides and whose other faces are trapezoids or parallelograms


pos: n
definition:
(ecology) the status of an organism within its environment and community (affecting its survival as a species)


pos: n
definition:
a formal contractual relationship established to provide for regular banking or brokerage or business services


pos: n
definition:
(psychoanalysis) relationship marked by strong dependence on others; especially a libidinal attachment to e.g. a parental figure


pos: n
definition:
the state of being assimilated; people of different backgrounds come to see themselves as part of a larger national family


pos: n
definition:
a critical situation that arises because of a shortage (as a shortage of time or money or resources)


pos: n
definition:
(optics) condition of an optical system (as a lens) in which light rays from a single point converge in a single focal point


pos: n
definition:
(optics) defect in an optical system in which light rays from a single point fail to converge in a single focal point


pos: n
definition:
the state of being an isomer; the complex of chemical and physical phenomena characteristic of isomers


pos: n
definition:
the state or degree of being ultimate; the final or most extreme in degree or size or time or distance,


pos: n
definition:
(usually plural) the status or rank or office of a Christian clergyman in an ecclesiastical hierarchy


pos: n
definition:
a Shiite tradition of temporary marriage permitted in Iran that allows a couple to specify the terms of their relationship; can last from a few minutes to 99 years


pos: n
definition:
a harmonious state of things in general and of their properties (as of colors and sounds); congruity of parts with one another and with the whole


pos: n
definition:
an abnormal deficiency in all blood cells (red blood cells and white blood cells and platelets); usually associated with bone marrow tumor or with aplastic anemia


pos: n
definition:
immunological disorder in which some part of the body's immune system is inadequate and resistance to infectious diseases is reduced


pos: n
definition:
lowering the body's normal immune response to invasion by foreign substances; can be deliberate (as in lowering the immune response to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ) or incidental (as a side effect of radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer)


pos: n
definition:
(immunology) the degree to which the body's immune system will try to reject foreign material (as transfused blood or transplanted tissue)


pos: n
definition:
a legal state created by a declaration of war and ended by official declaration during which the international rules of war apply


pos: n
definition:
(Hinduism and Buddhism) the beatitude that transcends the cycle of reincarnation; characterized by the extinction of desire and suffering and individual consciousness


pos: n
definition:
the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints


pos: n
definition:
freedom to deviate deliberately from normally applicable rules or practices (especially in behavior or speech)


pos: n
definition:
a balance between and interplay of opposing elements or tendencies (especially in art or literature)


pos: n
definition:
(physiology) metabolic equilibrium actively maintained by several complex biological mechanisms that operate via the autonomic nervous system to offset disrupting changes


pos: n
definition:
(music) a tremulous effect produced by rapid repetition of a single tone or rapid alternation of two tones


pos: n
definition:
the motion of a spinning body (as a top) in which it wobbles so that the axis of rotation sweeps out a cone


pos: n
definition:
the state of the economy declines; a widespread decline in the GDP and employment and trade lasting from six months to a year


pos: n
definition:
cessation from or slowing of activity during the winter; especially slowing of metabolism in some animals


pos: n
definition:
(zoology) cessation or slowing of activity during the summer; especially slowing of metabolism in some animals during a hot or dry period


pos: n
definition:
a tiredness of the eyes caused by prolonged close work by a person with an uncorrected vision problem


pos: n
definition:
a blood disorder characterized by an increased concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which falls below 7 on the pH scale)


pos: n
definition:
a blood disorder characterized by a lower concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which rises above 7.45 on the pH scale)


pos: n
definition:
a condition in which milk is not secreted in the mother's breasts after her child has been delivered


pos: n
definition:
an abnormality involving a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number (one chromosome set is incomplete)


pos: n
definition:
absence of systole; failure of the ventricles of the heart to contract (usually caused by ventricular fibrillation) with consequent absence of the heart beat leading to oxygen lack and eventually to death


pos: n
definition:
a recurring sleep state during which rapid eye movements do not occur and dreaming does not occur; accounts for about 75% of normal sleep time


pos: n
definition:
a recurring sleep state during which dreaming occurs; a state of rapidly shifting eye movements during sleep


pos: n
definition:
(existentialism) a loss of personal identity; a feeling of being an anonymous cog in an impersonal social machine


pos: n
definition:
regional anesthesia resulting from injection of an anesthetic into the epidural space of the spinal cord; sensation is lost in the abdominal and genital and pelvic areas; used in childbirth and gynecological surgery


pos: n
definition:
anesthesia of the lower half of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord or by injecting an anesthetic beneath the arachnoid membrane that surrounds the spinal cord


pos: n
definition:
a state of uncertainty about what should be done (usually following some important event) preceding the establishment of a new direction of action


pos: n
definition:
breakdown of elastic tissue (as the loss of elasticity in the skin of elderly people that results from degeneration of connective tissue)


pos: n
definition:
(of animals having several estrous cycles in one breeding season) a state or interval of sexual inactivity or quiescence between periods of activity


pos: n
definition:
the physical condition of having the presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood


pos: n
definition:
a state in which the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is lower than normal; can result from deep or rapid breathing


pos: n
definition:
a condition in which insufficient or no oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged on a ventilatory basis; caused by choking or drowning or electric shock or poison gas


pos: n
definition:
the state of being unable to produce offspring; in a woman it is an inability to conceive; in a man it is an inability to impregnate


pos: n
definition:
the state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth when a woman carries a developing fetus in her uterus


pos: n
definition:
an abnormal condition in which a normal opening or tube in the body (as the urethra) is closed or absent


pos: n
definition:
the circulating life energy that in Chinese philosophy is thought to be inherent in all things; in traditional Chinese medicine the balance of negative and positive forms in the body is believed to be essential for good health


pos: n
definition:
an abnormal deficiency or absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice; often associated with severe anemias and cancer of the stomach


pos: n
definition:
a condition in which little or no bile is secreted or the flow of bile into the digestive tract is obstructed


pos: n
definition:
acute lung injury characterized by coughing and rales; inflammation of the lungs which become stiff and fibrous and cannot exchange oxygen; occurs among persons exposed to irritants such as corrosive chemical vapors or ammonia or chlorine etc.


pos: n
definition:
a disorder of eating in which the person alternates between strong craving for food and aversion to food; characterized by excessive eating followed by periods of fasting or self-induced vomiting


pos: n
definition:
a disorder of eating seen among young women who go on eating binges and then feel guilt and depression and self-condemnation


pos: n
definition:
a disorder of the lips marked by scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth; caused by a deficiency of riboflavin


pos: n
definition:
defective bone development; usually attributable to renal disease or to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism


pos: n
definition:
being abnormally tolerant to and dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs)


pos: n
definition:
suspended animation in organisms during periods of extreme drought from which they revive when moisture returns


pos: n
definition:
distension of the abdomen that is caused by the accumulation of gas in the intestines or the peritoneal cavity


pos: n
definition:
habitual intoxication; prolonged and excessive intake of alcoholic drinks leading to a breakdown in health and an addiction to alcohol such that abrupt deprivation leads to severe withdrawal symptoms


pos: n
definition:
the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage


pos: n
definition:
a disorder characterized by deposit of amyloid in organs or tissues; often secondary to chronic rheumatoid arthritis or tuberculosis or multiple myeloma


pos: n
definition:
(pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor


pos: n
definition:
a pathological condition resulting from an excessive intake of fluorine (usually from drinking water)


pos: n
definition:
food poisoning from ingesting botulin; not infectious; affects the CNS; can be fatal if not treated promptly


pos: n
definition:
a disturbance in the synthesis of immunoglobulins; proteins having antibody activity increase greatly in the blood


pos: n
definition:
repetitive nonmeaningful speech (especially that associated with a trance state or religious fervor)


pos: n
definition:
a term for food poisoning that is no longer in scientific use; food poisoning was once thought to be caused by ingesting ptomaines


pos: n
definition:
disease especially in agricultural workers caused by inhalation of Aspergillus spores causing lumps in skin and ears and respiratory organs


pos: n
definition:
an acute blood disorder (often caused by radiation or drug therapy) characterized by severe reduction in granulocytes


pos: n
definition:
a disease of humans that is not communicable; caused by infection with Bacillus anthracis followed by septicemia


pos: n
definition:
any of several human or animal diseases characterized by dark urine resulting from rapid breakdown of red blood cells


pos: n
definition:
a disease that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people of a certain class or in people living in a particular location


pos: n
definition:
incompetence of the gonads (especially in the male with low testosterone); results in deficient development of secondary sex characteristics and (in prepubertal males) a body with long legs and a short trunk


pos: n
definition:
excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; can affect many systems of the body (especially causing bone resorption and osteoporosis)


pos: n
definition:
inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood


pos: n
definition:
excessive activity of the pituitary gland (especially overactivity of the anterior lobe which leads to excess secretion of growth hormone)


pos: n
definition:
an infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito; marked by paroxysms of chills and fever


pos: n
definition:
a chronic progressive disease characterized by chronic fatigue and muscular weakness (especially in the face and neck); caused by a deficiency of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions


pos: n
definition:
a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain


pos: n
definition:
(psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness


pos: n
definition:
the occurrence of an abrupt, transient loss or impairment of consciousness (which is not subsequently remembered), sometimes with light twitching, fluttering eyelids, etc.; common in petit mal epilepsy


pos: n
definition:
a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination


pos: n
definition:
any of several degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs


pos: n
definition:
a nervous disorder characterized by an uncontrollable impulse to dance; popularly attributed to bite of the southern European tarantula or wolf spider


pos: n
definition:
a disorder in which a lesion to the central nervous system leaves you unable to formulate a statement or to express yourself in an organized manner


pos: n
definition:
partial or total loss of sight without pathology of the eye; caused by disease of optic nerve or retina or brain


pos: n
definition:
(ophthalmology) the normal refractive condition of the eye in which there is clear focus of light on the retina


pos: n
definition:
rare (usually fatal) brain disease (usually in middle age) caused by an unidentified slow virus; characterized by progressive dementia and gradual loss of muscle control


pos: n
definition:
obstruction of the circulatory system caused by an air bubble as, e.g., accidentally during surgery or hypodermic injection or as a complication from scuba diving


pos: n
definition:
the formation or presence of a thrombus (a clot of coagulated blood attached at the site of its formation) in a blood vessel


pos: n
definition:
a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater)


pos: n
definition:
abnormal condition in which an organ is turned inward or inside out (as when the upper part of the uterus is pulled into the cervical canal after childbirth)


pos: n
definition:
thickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs


pos: n
definition:
a cardiovascular disease characterized by a saclike widening of an artery resulting from weakening of the artery wall


pos: n
definition:
a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls, thus narrowing the arteries


pos: n
definition:
a continuous succession of slow, writhing, involuntary movements of the hands and feet and other body parts


pos: n
definition:
a progressive disease of the central nervous system marked by increasing lack of coordination and advancing to paralysis and death within a year of the appearance of symptoms; thought to have been transmitted by cannibalistic consumption of diseased brain tissue since the disease virtually disappeared when cannibalism was abandoned


pos: n
definition:
abnormally rapid beating of the auricles of the heart (especially in a regular rhythm); can result in heart block


pos: n
definition:
kidney disease that is usually associated with hypertension; sclerosis of the renal arterioles reduces blood flow that can lead to kidney failure and heart failure


pos: n
definition:
kidney disease characterized by enlarged kidneys containing many cysts; often leads to kidney failure


pos: n
definition:
renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine; often associated with diabetes


pos: n
definition:
renal lithiasis in which calcium deposits form in the renal parenchyma and result in reduced kidney function and blood in the urine


pos: n
definition:
nephritis marked by inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; characterized by decreased production of urine and by the presence of blood and protein in the urine and by edema


pos: n
definition:
a chronic disease interfering with the normal functioning of the liver; the major cause is chronic alcoholism


pos: n
definition:
a glandular disorder caused by failure of function of the cortex of the adrenal gland and marked by anemia and prostration with brownish skin


pos: n
definition:
a glandular disorder caused by excessive ACTH resulting in greater than normal functioning of the adrenal gland; characterized by obesity


pos: n
definition:
a polygenic disease characterized by abnormally high glucose levels in the blood; any of several metabolic disorders marked by excessive urination and persistent thirst


pos: n
definition:
severe diabetes mellitus with an early onset; characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease


pos: n
definition:
mild form of diabetes mellitus that develops gradually in adults; can be precipitated by obesity or severe stress or menopause or other factors; can usually be controlled by diet and hypoglycemic agents without injections of insulin


pos: n
definition:
recurrent large circumscribed areas of subcutaneous edema; onset is sudden and it disappears within 24 hours; seen mainly in young women, often as an allergic reaction to food or drugs


pos: n
definition:
an overactive thyroid gland; pathologically excessive production of thyroid hormones or the condition resulting from excessive production of thyroid hormones


pos: n
definition:
an underactive thyroid gland; a glandular disorder resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones


pos: n
definition:
hypothyroidism marked by dry skin and swellings around lips and nose as well as mental deterioration


pos: n
definition:
an inherited skeletal disorder beginning before birth; cartilage is converted to bone resulting in dwarfism


pos: n
definition:
an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash; occurs primarily in children


pos: n
definition:
a contagious viral disease that is a milder form of measles lasting three or four days; can be damaging to a fetus during the first trimester


pos: n
definition:
acute contagious infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae; marked by the formation of a false membrane in the throat and other air passages causing difficulty in breathing


pos: n
definition:
a viral disease of infants and young children; characterized by abrupt high fever and mild sore throat; a few days later there is a faint pinkish rash that lasts for a few hours to a few days


pos: n
definition:
a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars


pos: n
definition:
ringworm infection of the hair follicles of the scalp and beard that usually results in a swelling that is covered with pustules and oozes fluid


pos: n
definition:
a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles


pos: n
definition:
infectious bacterial disease of human beings transmitted by contact with infected animals or infected meat or milk products; characterized by fever and headache


pos: n
definition:
a rare immunological disorder characterized by the virtual absence of gamma globulin in the blood and consequent susceptibility to infection


pos: n
definition:
a congenital disease affecting T cells that can result from a mutation in any one of several different genes; children with it are susceptible to infectious disease; if untreated it is lethal within the first year or two of life


pos: n
definition:
an infectious disease of the tropics transmitted by mosquitoes and characterized by rash and aching head and joints


pos: n
definition:
an acute contagious disease caused by herpes varicella zoster virus; causes a rash of vesicles on the face and body


pos: n
definition:
a common venereal disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are painful urination and pain around the urethra


pos: n
definition:
a common venereal disease caused by the treponema pallidum spirochete; symptoms change through progressive stages; can be congenital (transmitted through the placenta)


pos: n
definition:
an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream; not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing


pos: n
definition:
a severe and often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys and chimpanzees) caused by the Ebola virus; characterized by high fever and severe internal bleeding; can be spread from person to person; is largely limited to Africa


pos: n
definition:
chronic granulomatous communicable disease occurring in tropical and subtropical regions; characterized by inflamed nodules beneath the skin and wasting of body parts; caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae


pos: n
definition:
an acute inflammatory disease occurring in the intestines of premature infants; necrosis of intestinal tissue may follow


pos: n
definition:
an infectious disease of animals and humans (especially newborn or immunosuppressed persons) caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes; in sheep and cattle the infection frequently involves the central nervous system and causes various neurological symptoms


pos: n
definition:
infectious disease caused by a species of chlamydia bacterium; transmitted by sexual contact; characterized by genital lesions and swelling of lymph nodes in the groin


pos: n
definition:
infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the meninges (the tissues that surround the brain or spinal cord) usually caused by a bacterial infection; symptoms include headache and stiff neck and fever and nausea


pos: n
definition:
a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal


pos: n
definition:
mild infectious rickettsial disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Rickettsia transmitted to humans by the bite a mite that lives on rodents; characterized by chills and fever and headache and skin lesions that resemble chickenpox


pos: n
definition:
infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli and manifested in fever and small lesions (usually in the lungs but in various other parts of the body in acute stages)


pos: n
definition:
serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water


pos: n
definition:
an infectious tropical disease resembling syphilis in its early stages; marked by red skin eruptions and ulcerating lesions


pos: n
definition:
a fungal infection characterized by nodular lesions--first in the lungs and spreading to the nervous system


pos: n
definition:
an abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function; associated with smoking or chronic bronchitis or old age


pos: n
definition:
respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants


pos: n
definition:
abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung; may be spontaneous (due to injury to the chest) or induced (as a treatment for tuberculosis)


pos: n
definition:
an atypical pneumonia caused by a rickettsia microorganism and transmitted to humans from infected birds


pos: n
definition:
a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels


pos: n
definition:
a deficiency of color vision in which the person can match any given hue by mixing only two other wavelengths of light (as opposed to the three wavelengths needed by people with normal color vision)


pos: n
definition:
dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to green light resulting in an inability to distinguish green and purplish-red


pos: n
definition:
dichromacy characterized by lowered sensitivity to long wavelengths of light resulting in an inability to distinguish red and purplish blue


pos: n
definition:
a form of dichromacy characterized by lowered sensitivity to yellow light; so rare that its existence has been questioned


pos: n
definition:
rare form of dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to blue light resulting in an inability to distinguish blue and yellow


pos: n
definition:
the most common congenital disease; the child's lungs and intestines and pancreas become clogged with thick mucus; caused by defect in a single gene; no cure is known


pos: n
definition:
a genetic disease (autosomal recessive) in which an enzyme needed to metabolize galactose is deficient or absent; typically develops shortly after birth


pos: n
definition:
hereditary disease (autosomal recessive) consisting of an error is mucopolysaccharide metabolism; characterized by severe abnormalities in development of skeletal cartilage and bone and mental retardation


pos: n
definition:
any of a group of genetic disorders involving a defect in the metabolism of mucopolysaccharides resulting in greater than normal levels of mucopolysaccharides in tissues


pos: n
definition:
autosomal dominant disease characterized by numerous neurofibromas and by spots on the skin and often by developmental abnormalities


pos: n
definition:
a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of beta-lipoproteins and cholesterol; can lead to atherosclerosis at an early age


pos: n
definition:
a congenital disorder characterized by an abnormally large tongue; often seen in cases of Down's syndrome


pos: n
definition:
a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation


pos: n
definition:
any of several hereditary diseases of the muscular system characterized by weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles


pos: n
definition:
hereditary disorder in which ossification of the labyrinth of the inner ear causes tinnitus and eventual deafness


pos: n
definition:
an inborn error of metabolism in which the lack of certain enzymes leads to an inability to metabolize the amino acid lysine; characterized by muscular weakness and mental retardation


pos: n
definition:
anemia resulting from eating fava beans; victims have an inherited blood abnormality and enzyme deficiency


pos: n
definition:
local anemia in a given body part sometimes resulting from vasoconstriction or thrombosis or embolism


pos: n
definition:
brief episode in which the brain gets insufficient blood supply; symptoms depend on the site of the blockage


pos: n
definition:
iron deficiency anemia in young women; characterized by weakness and menstrual disturbances and a green color to the skin


pos: n
definition:
a rare autosomal recessive disease in which the platelets do not produce clots in the normal way and hemorrhage results


pos: n
definition:
autosomal recessive defect in tyrosine metabolism resulting in liver and kidney disturbances and mental retardation


pos: n
definition:
congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son


pos: n
definition:
a form of hemophilia discovered by Erik von Willebrand; a genetic disorder that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait; characterized by a deficiency of the coagulation factor and by mucosal bleeding


pos: n
definition:
inflammation of the female pelvic organs (especially the Fallopian tubes) caused by infection by any of several microorganisms (chiefly gonococci and chlamydia); symptoms are abdominal pain and fever and foul-smelling vaginal discharge


pos: n
definition:
a painful pus filled inflammation of the tonsils and surrounding tissues; usually a complication of tonsillitis


pos: n
definition:
a disease of infants and young children; harsh coughing and hoarseness and fever and difficult breathing


pos: n
definition:
infestation with the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica; liver damage sometimes occurs; related to liver rot


pos: n
definition:
a painful and debilitating infestation contracted by drinking stagnant water contaminated with Guinea worm larvae that can mature inside a human's abdomen until the worm emerges through a painful blister in the person's skin


pos: n
definition:
an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis; occurs especially in children


pos: n
definition:
infection of the intestines with protozoa found in contaminated food and water; characterized by diarrhea and nausea and flatulence and abdominal discomfort


pos: n
definition:
a group of illnesses caused by a viral infection (usually restricted to a specific geographic area); fever and gastrointestinal symptoms are followed by capillary hemorrhage


pos: n
definition:
a viral infection (usually in children) marked by sore throat and fever and papules in the mouth and throat and headache and abdominal pain; usually subsides in a short time


pos: n
definition:
sores resulting from a tropical infection by protozoa of the genus Leishmania which are spread by sandflies


pos: n
definition:
a respiratory disease of unknown etiology that apparently originated in mainland China in 2003; characterized by fever and coughing or difficulty breathing or hypoxia; can be fatal


pos: n
definition:
a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite; characterized by persistent itching and skin irritation


pos: n
definition:
an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma; common in the tropics and Far East; symptoms depend on the part of the body infected


pos: n
definition:
an opportunistic infection by a fungus of the genus Aspergillus; characterized by inflammation and lesions of the ear and other organs


pos: n
definition:
an acute infection of the intestine by shigella bacteria; characterized by diarrhea and fever and abdominal pains


pos: n
definition:
an acute and serious infection of the central nervous system caused by bacterial infection of open wounds; spasms of the jaw and laryngeal muscles may occur during the late stages


pos: n
definition:
infection caused by parasites transmitted to humans from infected cats; if contracted by a pregnant woman it can result in serious damage to the fetus


pos: n
definition:
a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and marked deformities; something (possibly a virus) triggers an attack on the synovium by the immune system, which releases cytokines that stimulate an inflammatory reaction that can lead to the destruction of all components of the joint


pos: n
definition:
chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints; the most common form of arthritis occurring usually after middle age


pos: n
definition:
a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints


pos: n
definition:
a toxic condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma during or immediately after pregnancy


pos: n
definition:
abnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuria; can lead to eclampsia if untreated


pos: n
definition:
coughing up blood from the respiratory tract; usually indicates a severe infection of the bronchi or lungs


pos: n
definition:
a low level of prothrombin (factor II) in the circulating blood; results in long clotting time and poor clot formation and sometimes excessive bleeding; can result from vitamin K deficiency


pos: n
definition:
an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood as a result of infection (as in leukemia)


pos: n
definition:
leukopenia in which the decrease is primarily in number of neutrophils (the chief phagocytic leukocyte)


pos: n
definition:
a blood disorder characterized by the presence of microcytes (abnormally small red blood cells) in the blood; often associated with anemia


pos: n
definition:
an abnormal condition resulting from taking vitamins excessively; can be serious for vitamins A or D or K


pos: n
definition:
abnormally enlarged thyroid gland; can result from underproduction or overproduction of hormone or from a deficiency of iodine in the diet


pos: n
definition:
a state of poor nutrition; can result from insufficient or excessive or unbalanced diet or from inability to absorb foods


pos: n
definition:
severe malnutrition in children resulting from a diet excessively high in carbohydrates and low in protein


pos: n
definition:
extreme malnutrition and emaciation (especially in children); can result from inadequate intake of food or from malabsorption or metabolic disorders


pos: n
definition:
a disease caused by deficiency of niacin or tryptophan (or by a defect in the metabolic conversion of tryptophan to niacin); characterized by gastrointestinal disturbances and erythema and nervous or mental disorders; may be caused by malnutrition or alcoholism or other nutritional impairments


pos: n
definition:
childhood disease caused by deficiency of vitamin D and sunlight associated with impaired metabolism of calcium and phosphorus


pos: n
definition:
a common cyst of the skin; filled with fatty matter (sebum) that is secreted by a sebaceous gland that has been blocked


pos: n
definition:
the state of being dizzy or nauseated because of the motions that occur while traveling in or on a moving vehicle


pos: n
definition:
the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus; causes premenstrual pain and dysmenorrhea


pos: n
definition:
adhesions between the iris and the lens or cornea resulting from trauma or eye surgery or as a complication of glaucoma or cataract; can lead to blindness


pos: n
definition:
pathology in which iron accumulates in the tissues; characterized by bronzed skin and enlarged liver and diabetes mellitus and abnormalities of the pancreas and the joints


pos: n
definition:
myositis characterized by weakness of limb and neck muscles and much muscle pain and swelling accompanied by skin rash affecting cheeks and eyelids and neck and chest and limbs; progression and severity vary among individuals


pos: n
definition:
myositis characterized by weakness of limb and neck muscles and much muscle pain and swelling; progression and severity vary among individuals


pos: n
definition:
an inherited disorder characterized by an increase in bone density; in severe forms the bone marrow cavity may be obliterated


pos: n
definition:
abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium; most common in postmenopausal women


pos: n
definition:
accumulation in the blood of nitrogenous waste products (urea) that are usually excreted in the urine


pos: n
definition:
a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue


pos: n
definition:
acute ulceration of the mucous membranes of the mouth or genitals; often seen in undernourished children


pos: n
definition:
a deformity of the foot characterized by an abnormally high arch and hyperextension of the toes which gives the foot the appearance of a claw


pos: n
definition:
congenital deformity of the foot usually marked by a curled shape or twisted position of the ankle and heel and toes


pos: n
definition:
a chronic skin disease occurring primarily in women between the ages of 20 and 40; characterized by an eruption of red lesions over the cheeks and bridge of the nose


pos: n
definition:
an inflammatory disease of connective tissue with variable features including fever and weakness and fatigability and joint pains and skin lesions on the face or neck or arms


pos: n
definition:
an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones


pos: n
definition:
a skin disease of adults (more often women) in which blood vessels of the face enlarge resulting in a flushed appearance


pos: n
definition:
a severe dermatitis of herbivorous domestic animals attributable to photosensitivity from eating Saint John's wort


pos: n
definition:
dermatitis in which localized areas (especially the forearms or back of the neck or outer part of the ankle) itch persistently; cause is unknown


pos: n
definition:
generic term for inflammatory conditions of the skin; particularly with vesiculation in the acute stages


pos: n
definition:
abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of blood vessels (as in sunburn or inflammation)


pos: n
definition:
an inflammatory complication of leprosy that results in painful skin lesions on the arms and legs and face


pos: n
definition:
a very contagious infection of the skin; common in children; localized redness develops into small blisters that gradually crust and erode


pos: n
definition:
any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks


pos: n
definition:
a skin disease characterized by large thin-walled blisters (bullae) arising from normal skin or mucous membrane


pos: n
definition:
chronic inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by blister capped papules and intense itching


pos: n
definition:
a chronic skin disease characterized by dry red patches covered with scales; occurs especially on the scalp and ears and genitalia and the skin over bony prominences


pos: n
definition:
an acute streptococcal infection characterized by deep-red inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes


pos: n
definition:
an acquired skin disease characterized by patches of unpigmented skin (often surrounded by a heavily pigmented border)


pos: n
definition:
a skin problem marked by the development (on the eyelids and neck and back) of irregular yellow nodules; sometimes attributable to disturbances of cholesterol metabolism


pos: n
definition:
widespread xanthomas (especially on elbows and knees); often associated with a disorder of lipid metabolism


pos: n
definition:
a small tumor (benign or malignant) arising from the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract; usually associated with excessive secretion of serotonin


pos: n
definition:
new connective tissue and tiny blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during the healing process


pos: n
definition:
benign slow-growing tumor of cartilaginous cells at the ends of tubular bones (especially in the hands and feet)


pos: n
definition:
benign and movable and firm and not tender tumor of the breast; common in young women and caused by high levels of estrogen


pos: n
definition:
skin tumor that grows rapidly (especially in older people) and resembles a carcinoma but does not spread; it usually disappears spontaneously, often leaving a scar


pos: n
definition:
a tumor arising in the meninges which surround the brain and spinal cord; usually slow growing and sometimes malignant


pos: n
definition:
any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream


pos: n
definition:
a rare malignant neoplasm arising from vascular tissue; usually occurs in the breast and skin and is believed to originate from the endothelial cells of blood vessels


pos: n
definition:
malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes; one of the four major types of cancer


pos: n
definition:
malignant renal tumor of young children characterized by hypertension and blood in the urine and the presence of a palpable mass


pos: n
definition:
a usually malignant tumor arising from connective tissue (bone or muscle etc.); one of the four major types of cancer


pos: n
definition:
benign tumor of bone and fibrous tissue; occurs in the vertebrae or femur or tibia or arm bones (especially in young adults)


pos: n
definition:
a vascular tumor of the adrenal gland; hypersecretion of epinephrine results in intermittent or sustained hypertension


pos: n
definition:
a tumor derived from fibrous tissue of the meninges or choroid plexus or certain other structures associated with the brain; characterized by sandlike particles


pos: n
definition:
malignant ocular tumor of retinal cells; usually occurs before the third year of life; composed of primitive small round retinal cells


pos: n
definition:
a form of carcinoma of the mesothelium lining lungs or abdomen or heart; usually associated with exposure to asbestos dust


pos: n
definition:
disease of cattle that can be transmitted to humans; results from infection with actinomycetes; characterized by hard swellings that exude pus through long sinuses


pos: n
definition:
a chronic contagious viral disease marked by inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye and the formation of scar tissue


pos: n
definition:
inflammation of the alveoli in the lungs caused by inhaling dust; with repeated exposure the condition may become chronic


pos: n
definition:
inflammation in the socket of a tooth; sometimes occurs after a tooth is extracted and a blood clot fails to form


pos: n
definition:
severe respiratory disease of birds that takes the form of an acute rapidly fatal pneumonia in young chickens and turkeys


pos: n
definition:
an infectious disease of domestic animals often resulting in spontaneous abortion; transmittable to human beings


pos: n
definition:
a viral disease of cattle causing a mild skin disease affecting the udder; formerly used to inoculate humans against smallpox


pos: n
definition:
a disease of cattle and sheep attributed to a dietary deficiency; characterized by anemia and softening of the bones and a slow stiff gait


pos: n
definition:
a disease of the liver (especially in sheep and cattle) caused by liver flukes and their by-products


pos: n
definition:
the presence of excessive protein (chiefly albumin but also globulin) in the urine; usually a symptom of kidney disorder


pos: n
definition:
softening and drying and ulceration of the cornea resulting from vitamin A deficiency; symptom of cystic fibrosis or sprue


pos: n
definition:
increase in the number of platelets in the blood which tends to cause clots to form; associated with many neoplasms and chronic infections and other diseases


pos: n
definition:
an accumulation of dark pigment in cartilage and other connective tissue; usually a symptom of alkaptonuria or phenol poisoning


pos: n
definition:
the presence of abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; usually the result of excessive bone resorption in hyperparathyroidism or Paget's disease


pos: n
definition:
abnormally low level of calcium in the blood; associated with hypoparathyroidism or kidney malfunction or vitamin D deficiency


pos: n
definition:
the presence of abnormally high levels of calcium in the urine; usually the result of excessive bone resorption in hyperparathyroidism or osteoporosis


pos: n
definition:
the presence of an abnormal amount of cholesterol in the cells and plasma of the blood; associated with the risk of atherosclerosis


pos: n
definition:
higher than normal levels of potassium in the circulating blood; associated with kidney failure or sometimes with the use of diuretic drugs


pos: n
definition:
abnormally low level of potassium in the circulating blood leading to weakness and heart abnormalities; associated with adrenal tumors or starvation or taking diuretics


pos: n
definition:
any of various disorders of lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism that result in high levels of lipoprotein and cholesterol in the circulating blood


pos: n
definition:
any of various disorders of lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism that result in low levels of lipoprotein and cholesterol in the circulating blood


pos: n
definition:
abnormally low level of protein in the blood; can indicate inadequate diet or intestinal or renal disorders


pos: n
definition:
an acute viral disease of the nervous system of warm-blooded animals (usually transmitted by the bite of a rabid animal); rabies is fatal if the virus reaches the brain


pos: n
definition:
an acute infectious viral disease of cattle (usually fatal); characterized by fever and diarrhea and inflammation of mucous membranes


pos: n
definition:
a fatal disease of sheep characterized by chronic itching and loss of muscular control and progressive degeneration of the central nervous system


pos: n
definition:
an infectious disease cause by leptospira and transmitted to humans from domestic animals; characterized by jaundice and fever


pos: n
definition:
a disease of livestock caused by locoweed poisoning; characterized by weakness and lack of coordination and trembling and partial paralysis


pos: n
definition:
a persistent and contagious disease of the skin causing inflammation and itching and loss of hair; affects domestic animals (and sometimes people)


pos: n
definition:
a disease of the central nervous system affecting especially horses and cattle; characterized by an unsteady swaying gait and frequent falling


pos: n
definition:
a highly infectious disease of rodents (especially rabbits and squirrels) and sometimes transmitted to humans by ticks or flies or by handling infected animals


pos: n
definition:
a plant disease that produces a reddish-brown discoloration of leaves and stems; caused by various rust fungi


pos: n
definition:
a disease of plants characterized by the gradual dying of the young shoots starting at the tips and progressing to the larger branches


pos: n
definition:
viral disease in solanaceous plants (tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco) resulting in mottling and often shriveling of the leaves


pos: n
definition:
any plant disease characterized by drooping and shriveling; usually caused by parasites attacking the roots


pos: n
definition:
destructive diseases of plants (especially cereal grasses) caused by fungi that produce black powdery masses of spores


pos: n
definition:
disease of wheat characterized by replacement of the grains with greasy masses of smelly smut spores


pos: n
definition:
a minute red or purple spot on the surface of the skin as the result of tiny hemorrhages of blood vessels in the skin (as in typhoid fever)


pos: n
definition:
a displacement of a part (especially a bone) from its normal position (as in the shoulder or the vertebral column)


pos: n
definition:
separation of an epiphysis from the long bone to which it is normally attached without fracture of the bone


pos: n
definition:
hernia in which the urinary bladder protrudes through the wall of the vagina; sometimes occurs after childbirth


pos: n
definition:
protrusion or herniation of the rectum into the vagina; can occur if pelvic muscles are weakened by childbirth


pos: n
definition:
protrusion of the intestine and omentum through a hernia in the abdominal wall near the navel; usually self correcting after birth


pos: n
definition:
an injury to the neck (the cervical vertebrae) resulting from rapid acceleration or deceleration (as in an automobile accident)


pos: n
definition:
a raised mark on the skin (as produced by the blow of a whip); characteristic of many allergic reactions


pos: n
definition:
(medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease


pos: n
definition:
a sensation (as of a cold breeze or bright light) that precedes the onset of certain disorders such as a migraine attack or epileptic seizure


pos: n
definition:
a tan discoloration of a woman's face that is associated with pregnancy or with the use of oral contraceptives


pos: n
definition:
a condition in which the ends of toes and fingers become wide and thick; a symptom of heart or lung disease


pos: n
definition:
a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes; a sign that oxygen in the blood is dangerously diminished (as in carbon monoxide poisoning)


pos: n
definition:
increased secretion of urine; if not due to increased liquid intake or to the action of a diuretic drug it can be a symptom of diabetes mellitus


pos: n
definition:
cyanosis of the extremities; can occur when a spasm of the blood vessels is caused by exposure to cold or by strong emotion


pos: n
definition:
a congenital medical condition in which body deformation occurs or facial development or mental ability is impaired because the mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy


pos: n
definition:
a syndrome characterized by edema and large amounts of protein in the urine and usually increased blood cholesterol; usually associated with glomerulonephritis or with a complication of various systemic diseases


pos: n
definition:
syndrome resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation (e.g., exposure to radioactive chemicals or to nuclear explosions); low doses cause diarrhea and nausea and vomiting and sometimes loss of hair; greater exposure can cause sterility and cataracts and some forms of cancer and other diseases; severe exposure can cause death within hours


pos: n
definition:
clinical neurological syndrome characterized by muscular twitching and cramps and (when severe) seizures; associated with calcium deficiency (hypoparathyroidism) or vitamin D deficiency or alkalosis


pos: n
definition:
involuntary shortening of stride and quickening of gait that occurs in some diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease)


pos: n
definition:
(pathology) gangrene that develops in the presence of arterial obstruction and is characterized by dryness of the dead tissue and a dark brown color


pos: n
definition:
swelling of the optic disc (where the optic nerve enters the eyeball); usually associated with an increase in intraocular pressure


pos: n
definition:
swelling caused by blood collecting in a body cavity (especially a swelling of the membrane covering the testis)


pos: n
definition:
yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood; can be a symptom of gallstones or liver infection or anemia


pos: n
definition:
an abnormal accumulation of bile pigment in the brain and other nerve tissue; causes yellow staining and tissue damage


pos: n
definition:
accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity (the space between the lungs and the walls of the chest) often resulting from disease of the heart or kidneys


pos: n
definition:
accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity (the space between the lungs and the walls of the chest)


pos: n
definition:
an itchy skin eruption characterized by weals with pale interiors and well-defined red margins; usually the result of an allergic response to insect bites or food or drugs


pos: n
definition:
abnormal skin sensations (as tingling or tickling or itching or burning) usually associated with peripheral nerve damage


pos: n
definition:
hallucinated sensation that insects or snakes are crawling over the skin; a common side-effect of extensive use of cocaine or amphetamines


pos: n
definition:
a burning pain in a limb along the course of a peripheral nerve; usually associated with skin changes


pos: n
definition:
pain in the head caused by dilation of cerebral arteries or muscle contractions or a reaction to drugs


pos: n
definition:
backache affecting the lumbar region or lower back; can be caused by muscle strain or arthritis or vascular insufficiency or a ruptured intervertebral disc


pos: n
definition:
an acute infectious disease occurring in epidemic form and featuring paroxysms of pain (usually in the chest)


pos: n
definition:
a painful burning sensation in the chest caused by gastroesophageal reflux (backflow from the stomach irritating the esophagus); symptomatic of an ulcer or a diaphragmatic hernia or other disorder


pos: n
definition:
a response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat


pos: n
definition:
an inflammation of body tissue (especially that below the skin) characterized by fever and swelling and redness and pain


pos: n
definition:
inflammation of a diverticulum in the digestive tract (especially the colon); characterized by painful abdominal cramping and fever and constipation


pos: n
definition:
inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus; symptoms include headache and neck pain and drowsiness and nausea and fever (`phrenitis' is no longer in scientific use)


pos: n
definition:
a rare chronic progressive encephalitis caused by the measles virus and occurring primarily in children and young adults; death usually occurs within three years; characterized by primary measles infection before the age of two years


pos: n
definition:
inflammation of the epiglottis; characterized by fever and a severe sore throat and difficulty in swallowing


pos: n
definition:
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx; characterized by hoarseness or loss of voice and coughing


pos: n
definition:
infestation by trichina larvae that are transmitted by eating inadequately cooked meat (especially pork); larvae migrate from the intestinal tract to the muscles where they become encysted


pos: n
definition:
a chronic disease of the nose characterized by a foul-smelling nasal discharge and atrophy of nasal structures


pos: n
definition:
thrombosis of a vein without prior inflammation of the vein; associated with sluggish blood flow (as in prolonged bedrest or pregnancy or surgery) or with rapid coagulation of the blood


pos: n
definition:
inflammation of the rectum; marked by bloody stools and a frequent urge to defecate; frequently associated with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis


pos: n
definition:
inflammation of the prostate gland characterized by perineal pain and irregular urination and (if severe) chills and fever


pos: n
definition:
inflammation of a Fallopian tube (usually the result of infection spreading from the vagina or uterus) or of a Eustachian tube


pos: n
definition:
a local infection induced in humans by inoculation with the virus causing cowpox in order to confer resistance to smallpox; normally lasts three weeks and leaves a pitted scar


pos: n
definition:
a sudden noisy expulsion of air from the lungs that clears the air passages; a common symptom of upper respiratory infection or bronchitis or pneumonia or tuberculosis


pos: n
definition:
(usually plural) the state of having reflex spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by a rapid closure of the glottis producing an audible sound; sometimes a symptom of indigestion


pos: n
definition:
irregularity of cardiac rhythm; recurrent occurrences can be a precursor of ventricular fibrillation


pos: n
definition:
a hard thickening of the skin (especially on the top or sides of the toes) caused by the pressure of ill-fitting shoes


pos: n
definition:
hypertrophy of certain body parts (usually legs and scrotum); the end state of the disease filariasis


pos: n
definition:
thickening of the skin (usually unilateral on an extremity) caused by congenital enlargement of lymph vessel and lymph vessel obstruction


pos: n
definition:
a disease caused by nematodes in the blood or tissues of the body causing blockage of lymphatic vessels


pos: n
definition:
enlargement of bones of hands and feet and face; often accompanied by headache and muscle pain and emotional disturbances; caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland (due to a tumor)


pos: n
definition:
loss of structural differentiation within a cell or group of cells often with increased capacity for multiplication, as in a malignant tumor


pos: n
definition:
form of dyspnea in which the person can breathe comfortably only when standing or sitting erect; associated with asthma and emphysema and angina pectoris


pos: n
definition:
bleeding from the uterus that is not due to menstruation; usually indicative of disease (as cervical cancer)


pos: n
definition:
irregular and infrequent or difficult evacuation of the bowels; can be a symptom of intestinal obstruction or diverticulitis


pos: n
definition:
difficulty in defecating (usually as a consequence of long continued voluntary suppression of the urge to defecate)


pos: n
definition:
frequent and watery bowel movements; can be a symptom of infection or food poisoning or colitis or a gastrointestinal tumor


pos: n
definition:
presence of abnormal high-pitched sound heard with a stethoscope when an airway is blocked (as in asthma or chronic bronchitis)


pos: n
definition:
a state of individual psychological well-being based upon a sense of confidence and usefulness and purpose


pos: n
definition:
(psychiatry) a relatively permanent state of worry and nervousness occurring in a variety of mental disorders, usually accompanied by compulsive behavior or attacks of panic


pos: n
definition:
the delusion that things (or everything, including the self) do not exist; a sense that everything is unreal


pos: n
definition:
any disease of the mind; the psychological state of someone who has emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to require psychiatric intervention


pos: n
definition:
an anxiety disorder characterized by chronic free-floating anxiety and such symptoms as tension or sweating or trembling or lightheadedness or irritability etc that has lasted for more than six months


pos: n
definition:
an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or social situations


pos: n
definition:
an anxiety disorder associated with serious traumatic events and characterized by such symptoms as survivor guilt, reliving the trauma in dreams, numbness and lack of involvement with reality, or recurrent thoughts and images


pos: n
definition:
the condition of being unable to adapt properly to your environment with resulting emotional instability


pos: n
definition:
a mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violently


pos: n
definition:
a mental or personality disturbance not attributable to any known neurological or organic dysfunction


pos: n
definition:
neurotic disorder characterized by violent emotional outbreaks and disturbances of sensory and motor functions


pos: n
definition:
emotional dissociative disorder in which there is loss of contact with your own personal reality accompanied by feelings of unreality and strangeness


pos: n
definition:
dissociative disorder in which a person forgets who they are and leaves home to creates a new life; during the fugue there is no memory of the former life; after recovering there is no memory for events during the dissociative state


pos: n
definition:
a progressive form of presenile dementia that is similar to senile dementia except that it usually starts in the 40s or 50s; first symptoms are impaired memory which is followed by impaired thought and speech and finally complete helplessness


pos: n
definition:
enlargement of the nose with dilation of follicles and redness and prominent vascularity of the skin; often associated with excessive consumption of alcohol


pos: n
definition:
any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact


pos: n
definition:
a form of schizophrenia characterized by a tendency to remain in a fixed stuporous state for long periods; the catatonia may give way to short periods of extreme excitement


pos: n
definition:
a form of schizophrenia characterized by severe disintegration of personality including erratic speech and childish mannerisms and bizarre behavior; usually becomes evident during puberty; the most common diagnostic category in mental institutions


pos: n
definition:
a form of schizophrenia characterized by delusions (of persecution or grandeur or jealousy); symptoms may include anger and anxiety and aloofness and doubts about gender identity; unlike other types of schizophrenia the patients are usually presentable and (if delusions are not acted on) may function in an apparently normal manner


pos: n
definition:
a chronic disorder that occurs in tropical and non-tropical forms and in both children and adults; nutrients are not absorbed; symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation


pos: n
definition:
impaired articulatory ability resulting from defects in the peripheral motor nerves or in the speech musculature


pos: n
definition:
impaired ability to express ideas verbally; usually resulting from difficulties of reasoning (as in feeblemindedness or certain psychoses)


pos: n
definition:
a condition or state of affairs almost beyond one's ability to deal with and requiring great effort to bear or overcome


pos: n
definition:
the state of having rejected your religious beliefs or your political party or a cause (often in favor of opposing beliefs or causes)


pos: n
definition:
enforced isolation of patients suffering from a contagious disease in order to prevent the spread of disease


pos: n
definition:
a state in which some integrated part of a person's life becomes separated from the rest of the personality and functions independently


pos: n
definition:
the union (or attempted fusion) of different systems of thought or belief (especially in religion or philosophy)


pos: n
definition:
a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess)


pos: n
definition:
improvement (or an intended improvement) in the existing form or condition of institutions or practices etc.; intended to make a striking change for the better in social or political or religious affairs


pos: n
definition:
(economics) a market in which goods or services are offered by several sellers but there is only one buyer


pos: n
definition:
(economics) a market in which control over the supply of a commodity is in the hands of a small number of producers and each one can influence prices and affect competitors


pos: n
definition:
infestation of the body by the larvae of flies (usually through a wound or other opening) or any disease resulting from such infestation


pos: n
definition:
infestation with slender threadlike roundworms (filaria) deposited under the skin by the bite of black fleas; when the eyes are involved it can result in blindness; common in Africa and tropical America


pos: n
definition:
loss of hair (especially on the head) or loss of wool or feathers; in humans it can result from heredity or hormonal imbalance or certain diseases or drugs and treatments (chemotherapy for cancer)


pos: n
definition:
(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence


pos: n
definition:
an imperfection in a plan or theory or legal document that causes it to fail or that reduces its effectiveness


pos: n
definition:
a flaw on a surface resulting when an applied substance does not adhere (as an air bubble in a coat of paint)


pos: n
definition:
an imperfection in someone or something that is suggestive of a wart (especially in smallness or unattractiveness)


pos: n
definition:
an abnormal condition in which cerebrospinal fluid collects in the ventricles of the brain; in infants it can cause abnormally rapid growth of the head and bulging fontanelles and a small face; in adults the symptoms are primarily neurological


pos: n
definition:
an abnormality of development in which the upper part of an arm or leg is missing so the hands or feet are attached to the body like stumps; rare condition that results from taking thalidomide during pregnancy


pos: n
definition:
a congenital anomaly of the central nervous system in which a sac protruding from the brain or the spinal meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid (but no nerve tissue)


pos: n
definition:
a congenital defect of the central nervous system in which a sac containing part of the spinal cord and its meninges protrude through a gap in the vertebral column; frequently accompanied by hydrocephalus and mental retardation


pos: n
definition:
congenital condition in which external genitalia and internal sex organs have both male and female characteristics


pos: n
definition:
congenital condition in which a person has external genitalia of one sex and internal sex organs of the other sex


pos: n
definition:
a rare abnormality marked by premature aging (grey hair and wrinkled skin and stooped posture) in a child


pos: n
definition:
congenital malformation of the skull which is long and narrow; frequently accompanied by mental retardation


pos: n
definition:
a deformity in which there is an abnormal displacement of part of a limb away from the midline of the body


pos: n
definition:
syndrome resulting from a serious acute (sometimes fatal) infection associated with the presence of staphylococcus; characterized by fever and diarrhea and nausea and diffuse erythema and shock; occurs especially in menstruating women using highly absorbent tampons


pos: n
definition:
a not uncommon congenital defect in which a vertebra is malformed; unless several vertebrae are affected or there is myelomeningocele there are few symptoms; can be diagnosed by amniocentesis


pos: n
definition:
a congenital anomaly in which the mucous membrane under the tongue is too short limiting the mobility of the tongue


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container)


pos: n
definition:
(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary


pos: n
definition:
the state in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow with little or no tendency to disperse and relatively high incompressibility


pos: n
definition:
the state in which a substance has no tendency to flow under moderate stress; resists forces (such as compression) that tend to deform it; and retains a definite size and shape


pos: n
definition:
the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity; relatively great expansion and contraction with changes in pressure and temperature; the ability to diffuse readily; and the spontaneous tendency to become distributed uniformly throughout any container


pos: n
definition:
(physical chemistry) a fourth state of matter distinct from solid or liquid or gas and present in stars and fusion reactors; a gas becomes a plasma when it is heated until the atoms lose all their electrons, leaving a highly electrified collection of nuclei and free electrons


pos: n
definition:
a state in which there is a short supply of cash to lend to businesses and consumers and interest rates are high


pos: n
definition:
a long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment


pos: n
definition:
an economic condition that results in the elimination of marginally financed participants in an industry


pos: n
definition:
collapse of an expanded lung (especially in infants); also failure of pulmonary alveoli to expand at birth


pos: n
definition:
excessive development of the breasts in males; usually the result of hormonal imbalance or treatment with certain drugs (including some antihypertensives)


pos: n
definition:
abnormally small production of urine; can be a symptom of kidney disease or obstruction of the urinary tract or edema or an imbalance of fluids and electrolytes in the body


pos: n
definition:
a genetic disorder of metabolism; lack of the enzyme needed to turn phenylalanine into tyrosine results in an accumulation of phenylalanine in the body fluids which causes various degrees of mental deficiency


pos: n
definition:
blockage of the intestine (especially the ileum) that prevents the contents of the intestine from passing to the lower bowel


pos: n
definition:
blockage or closure (as of a wound or body cavity) by (or as if by) a tampon (especially to stop bleeding)


pos: n
definition:
an abnormally large head; differs from hydrocephalus because there is no increased intracranial pressure and the overgrowth is symmetrical


pos: n
definition:
poisoning by ingestion of ergot-infected grain products; characterized by thirst and diarrhea and nausea and cramping and vomiting and abnormal cardiac rhythms; in severe cases it can cause seizures and gangrene of the limbs


pos: n
definition:
the streets of a city viewed as a depressed environment in which there is poverty and crime and prostitution and dereliction


pos: n
definition:
undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities


pos: n
definition:
the environmental condition in a region that lacks a favorable climate or terrain for life or growth


pos: n
definition:
(meteorology) winds spiraling outward from a high pressure center; circling clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern


pos: n
definition:
(meteorology) rapid inward circulation of air masses about a low pressure center; circling counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern


pos: n
definition:
production of antibodies against the tissues of your own body; produces autoimmune disease or hypersensitivity reactions


pos: n
definition:
hypersensitivity reaction to the ingestion or injection of a substance (a protein or drug) resulting from prior contact with a substance


pos: n
definition:
abnormal dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eyes; may be due to a systemic deficiency of vitamin A


pos: n
definition:
the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions


pos: n
definition:
the state of (good) health (especially in the phrases `in condition' or `in shape' or `out of condition' or `out of shape')


pos: n
definition:
any general reduction in vitality and strength of body and mind resulting from a debilitating chronic disease


pos: n
definition:
abnormal acuteness of hearing due to increased irritability of the sensory neural mechanism; characterized by intolerance for ordinary sound levels


pos: n
definition:
absence of the sense of smell (as by damage to olfactory nasal tissue or the olfactory nerve or by obstruction of the nasal passages)


pos: n
definition:
(ophthalmology) eyesight abnormality resulting from the eye's faulty refractive ability; distant objects appear blurred


pos: n
definition:
(ophthalmology) impaired eyesight resulting usually from irregular conformation of the cornea; common in nearsighted people


pos: n
definition:
a reduced ability to focus on near objects caused by loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens after age 45


pos: n
definition:
an unnatural condition in which the head leans to one side because the neck muscles on that side are contracted


pos: n
definition:
(medicine) any disturbance in the functioning of an organ or body part or a disturbance in the functioning of a social group


pos: n
definition:
a chronic disease of unknown cause marked by the formation of nodules in the lungs and liver and lymph glands and salivary glands


pos: n
definition:
an autoimmune disease that affects the blood vessels and connective tissue; fibrous connective tissue is deposited in the skin


pos: n
definition:
the presence of greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces which are frothy and foul smelling and floating; a symptom of disorders of fat metabolism and malabsorption syndrome


pos: n
definition:
a whistling sound when breathing (usually heard on inspiration); indicates obstruction of the trachea or larynx


pos: n
definition:
a ringing or booming sensation in one or both ears; a symptom of an ear infection or Meniere's disease


pos: n
definition:
(biology) the normal rigid state of fullness of a cell or blood vessel or capillary resulting from pressure of the contents against the wall or membrane


pos: n
definition:
(toxicology) the state of being capable of counteracting more than one toxin or antigen or kind of microorganism


pos: n
definition:
painful spasm of the anal sphincter along with an urgent desire to defecate without the significant production of feces; associated with irritable bowel syndrome


pos: n
definition:
condition in which a person assumes the identity and permanently acts the part of the gender opposite to his or her biological sex


pos: n
definition:
abnormal twisting of the intestines (usually in the area of the ileum or sigmoid colon) resulting in intestinal obstruction


pos: n
definition:
visual defect in which objects appear to have a yellowish hue; sometimes occurs in cases of jaundice


pos: n
definition:
the condition of being dissociated into ions (as by heat or radiation or chemical reaction or electrical discharge)


pos: n
definition:
(cosmology) the original matter that (according to the big bang theory) existed before the formation of the chemical elements


pos: n
definition:
matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those making up normal substances


pos: n
definition:
a hypothetical substance once believed to be present in all combustible materials and to be released during burning


pos: n
definition:
a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum


pos: n
definition:
any of a class of highly reactive chemical compounds; used in making resins and dyes and organic acids


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)


pos: n
definition:
a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten


pos: n
definition:
a neurotoxin (trade name Botox) that is used clinically in small quantities to treat strabismus and facial spasms and other neurological disorders characterized by abnormal muscle contractions; is also used by cosmetic surgeons to smooth frown lines temporarily


pos: n
definition:
any of a class of composite plastics used to make car bodies and cases for computers and other appliances


pos: n
definition:
a synthetic material resembling clay but remaining soft; used as a substitute for clay or wax in modeling (especially in schools)


pos: n
definition:
generic name for certain synthetic or semisynthetic materials that can be molded or extruded into objects or films or filaments or used for making e.g. coatings and adhesives


pos: n
definition:
a thermosetting plastic used as electric insulators and for making plastic ware and telephone receivers etc.


pos: n
definition:
a material used to coat cooking utensils and in industrial applications where sticking is to be avoided


pos: n
definition:
a material that has been or is capable of being taken up by another substance by either absorption or adsorption


pos: n
definition:
a material that sorbs another substance; i.e. that has the capacity or tendency to take it up by either absorption or adsorption


pos: n
definition:
a porous mass of interlacing fibers that forms the internal skeleton of various marine animals and usable to absorb water or any porous rubber or cellulose product similarly used


pos: n
definition:
the simplest ketone; a highly inflammable liquid widely used as an organic solvent and as material for making plastics


pos: n
definition:
a colorless volatile flammable liquid with an almond odor that is made from chlorine and benzene; used as a solvent and in the production of phenol and DDT and other organic compounds


pos: n
definition:
a tear gas that is stronger than CN gas but wears off faster; can be deployed by grenades or cluster bombs; can cause skin burns and fatal pulmonary edema


pos: n
definition:
an amino acid that does not occur in proteins but is an intermediate in the conversion of ornithine to arginine


pos: n
definition:
an amino acid containing sulfur that is found in most proteins; oxidizes on exposure to air to form cystine


pos: n
definition:
the levorotatory form of dopa (trade names Bendopa and Brocadopa and Larodopa); as a drug it is used to treat Parkinson's disease


pos: n
definition:
an organic compound that contains a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom which in turn is doubly bonded to another carbon atom


pos: n
definition:
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt


pos: n
definition:
a radioactive isotope of hydrogen; atoms of tritium have three times the mass of ordinary hydrogen atoms


pos: n
definition:
a fluorocarbon that is replacing chlorofluorocarbon as a refrigerant and propellant in aerosol cans; considered to be somewhat less destructive to the atmosphere


pos: n
definition:
a toxic white lustrous crystalline phenol used to treat certain skin diseases and as a photographic developer


pos: n
definition:
any of a series of univalent groups of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons


pos: n
definition:
any of various water-soluble compounds capable of turning litmus blue and reacting with an acid to form a salt and water


pos: n
definition:
a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions


pos: n
definition:
(physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element


pos: n
definition:
a radioactive isotope that is used in a compound in order to trace the mechanism of a chemical reaction


pos: n
definition:
a compound in which the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon have been replaced by bromine and other halogen atoms; very stable; used in fire extinguishers although it is thought to release bromine that depletes the ozone layer


pos: n
definition:
any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter


pos: n
definition:
any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.


pos: n
definition:
a metallic element having four allotropic forms; used in a wide variety of alloys; found in stibnite


pos: n
definition:
a colorless and odorless inert gas; one of the six inert gases; comprises approximately 1% of the earth's atmosphere


pos: n
definition:
a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar


pos: n
definition:
a highly unstable radioactive element (the heaviest of the halogen series); a decay product of uranium and thorium


pos: n
definition:
a heavy brittle diamagnetic trivalent metallic element (resembles arsenic and antimony chemically); usually recovered as a by-product from ores of other metals


pos: n
definition:
a trivalent metalloid element; occurs both in a hard black crystal and in the form of a yellow or brown powder


pos: n
definition:
a nonmetallic heavy volatile corrosive dark brown liquid element belonging to the halogens; found in sea water


pos: n
definition:
a soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores


pos: n
definition:
a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals


pos: n
definition:
an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds


pos: n
definition:
a ductile grey metallic element of the lanthanide series; used in lighter flints; the most abundant of the rare-earth group


pos: n
definition:
a soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal


pos: n
definition:
a common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water)


pos: n
definition:
a hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition


pos: n
definition:
a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor


pos: n
definition:
a nonmetallic univalent element belonging to the halogens; usually a yellow irritating toxic flammable gas; a powerful oxidizing agent; recovered from fluorite or cryolite or fluorapatite


pos: n
definition:
a rare silvery (usually trivalent) metallic element; brittle at low temperatures but liquid above room temperature; occurs in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores


pos: n
definition:
a brittle grey crystalline element that is a semiconducting metalloid (resembling silicon) used in transistors; occurs in germanite and argyrodite


pos: n
definition:
a soft yellow malleable ductile (trivalent and univalent) metallic element; occurs mainly as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits; does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine and aqua regia


pos: n
definition:
a grey tetravalent metallic element that resembles zirconium chemically and is found in zirconium minerals; used in filaments for its ready emission of electrons


pos: n
definition:
a very light colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; the most difficult gas to liquefy; occurs in economically extractable amounts in certain natural gases (as those found in Texas and Kansas)


pos: n
definition:
a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs together with yttrium; forms highly magnetic compounds


pos: n
definition:
a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe


pos: n
definition:
a nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; used especially in medicine and photography and in dyes; occurs naturally only in combination in small quantities (as in sea water or rocks)


pos: n
definition:
a heavy brittle metallic element of the platinum group; used in alloys; occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium


pos: n
definition:
a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood


pos: n
definition:
a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth


pos: n
definition:
a soft heavy toxic malleable metallic element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey


pos: n
definition:
a soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals


pos: n
definition:
a light silver-white ductile bivalent metallic element; in pure form it burns with brilliant white flame; occurs naturally only in combination (as in magnesite and dolomite and carnallite and spinel and olivine)


pos: n
definition:
a hard brittle grey polyvalent metallic element that resembles iron but is not magnetic; used in making steel; occurs in many minerals


pos: n
definition:
a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles (Md is the current symbol for mendelevium but Mv was formerly the symbol)


pos: n
definition:
a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures


pos: n
definition:
a polyvalent metallic element that resembles chromium and tungsten in its properties; used to strengthen and harden steel


pos: n
definition:
a yellow trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs in monazite and bastnasite in association with cerium and lanthanum and praseodymium


pos: n
definition:
a colorless odorless gaseous element that give a red glow in a vacuum tube; one of the six inert gasses; occurs in the air in small amounts


pos: n
definition:
a radioactive transuranic metallic element; found in trace amounts in uranium ores; a by-product of the production of plutonium


pos: n
definition:
a hard malleable ductile silvery metallic element that is resistant to corrosion; used in alloys; occurs in pentlandite and smaltite and garnierite and millerite


pos: n
definition:
a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues


pos: n
definition:
a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding curium with carbon ions; 7 isotopes are known


pos: n
definition:
a hard brittle blue-grey or blue-black metallic element that is one of the platinum metals; the heaviest metal known


pos: n
definition:
a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust


pos: n
definition:
a bluish translucent magnetic liquid obtained by compressing gaseous oxygen and then cooling it below its boiling point; used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants


pos: n
definition:
a silver-white metallic element of the platinum group that resembles platinum; occurs in some copper and nickel ores; does not tarnish at ordinary temperatures and is used (alloyed with gold) in jewelry


pos: n
definition:
a synthetic substance that is fluorescent or phosphorescent; used to coat the screens of cathode ray tubes


pos: n
definition:
a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms


pos: n
definition:
a heavy precious metallic element; grey-white and resistant to corroding; occurs in some nickel and copper ores and is also found native in some deposits


pos: n
definition:
a solid silvery grey radioactive transuranic element whose atoms can be split when bombarded with neutrons; found in minute quantities in uranium ores but is usually synthesized in nuclear reactors; 13 isotopes are known with the most important being plutonium 239


pos: n
definition:
a radioactive metallic element that is similar to tellurium and bismuth; occurs in uranium ores but can be produced by bombarding bismuth with neutrons in a nuclear reactor


pos: n
definition:
a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite


pos: n
definition:
a soft yellowish-white trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; can be recovered from bastnasite or monazite by an ion-exchange process


pos: n
definition:
a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group having no stable isotope; was discovered in radioactive form as a fission product of uranium


pos: n
definition:
a short-lived radioactive metallic element formed from uranium and disintegrating into actinium and then into lead


pos: n
definition:
a radioactive gaseous element formed by the disintegration of radium; the heaviest of the inert gasses; occurs naturally (especially in areas over granite) and is considered a hazard to health


pos: n
definition:
a rare heavy polyvalent metallic element that resembles manganese chemically and is used in some alloys; is obtained as a by-product in refining molybdenum


pos: n
definition:
a white hard metallic element that is one of the platinum group and is found in platinum ores; used in alloys with platinum


pos: n
definition:
a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali metal group; burns in air and reacts violently in water; occurs in carnallite and lepidolite and pollucite


pos: n
definition:
a grey lustrous metallic element of the rare earth group; is used in special alloys; occurs in monazite and bastnasite


pos: n
definition:
a white trivalent metallic element; sometimes classified in the rare earth group; occurs in the Scandinavian mineral thortveitite


pos: n
definition:
a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium; occurs in several allotropic forms; a stable grey metallike allotrope conducts electricity better in the light than in the dark and is used in photocells; occurs in sulfide ores (as pyrite)


pos: n
definition:
a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors


pos: n
definition:
a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography


pos: n
definition:
a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt)


pos: n
definition:
a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element of the alkali metal group; turns yellow in air; occurs in celestite and strontianite


pos: n
definition:
an abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form (especially in volcanic regions)


pos: n
definition:
a hard grey lustrous metallic element that is highly resistant to corrosion; occurs in niobite and fergusonite and tantalite


pos: n
definition:
a crystalline metallic element not found in nature; occurs as one of the fission products of uranium


pos: n
definition:
a brittle silver-white metalloid element that is related to selenium and sulfur; it is used in alloys and as a semiconductor; occurs mainly as tellurides in ores of copper and nickel and silver and gold


pos: n
definition:
a metallic element of the rare earth group; used in lasers; occurs in apatite and monazite and xenotime and ytterbite


pos: n
definition:
a soft grey malleable metallic element that resembles tin but discolors on exposure to air; it is highly toxic and is used in rodent and insect poisons; occurs in zinc blende and some iron ores


pos: n
definition:
a soft silvery-white tetravalent radioactive metallic element; isotope 232 is used as a power source in nuclear reactors; occurs in thorite and in monazite sands


pos: n
definition:
a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group; isotope 170 emits X-rays and is used in small portable X-ray machines; it occurs in monazite and apatite and xenotime


pos: n
definition:
a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide


pos: n
definition:
a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite


pos: n
definition:
a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite


pos: n
definition:
a heavy toxic silvery-white radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons


pos: n
definition:
a soft silvery white toxic metallic element used in steel alloys; it occurs in several complex minerals including carnotite and vanadinite


pos: n
definition:
a soft silvery metallic element; a rare earth of the lanthanide series; it occurs in gadolinite and monazite and xenotime


pos: n
definition:
a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys


pos: n
definition:
a bluish-white lustrous metallic element; brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs naturally as zinc sulphide in zinc blende


pos: n
definition:
a lustrous grey strong metallic element resembling titanium; it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon


pos: n
definition:
a waxy mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and occurs in association with petroleum; some varieties are used in making ceresin and candles


pos: n
definition:
a common complex mineral consisting of calcium fluoride phosphate or calcium chloride phosphate; a source of phosphorus


pos: n
definition:
a sedimentary rock differing from shale in being bound by silica and from slate in having no slate cleavages


pos: n
definition:
a dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons


pos: n
definition:
dark-green to black glassy mineral of the pyroxene group containing large amounts of aluminum and iron and magnesium


pos: n
definition:
a clay-like mineral; the chief ore of aluminum; composed of aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides; used as an abrasive and catalyst


pos: n
definition:
a white or reddish mineral consisting of hydrous chlorides of potassium and magnesium; used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and magnesium


pos: n
definition:
a fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (as feldspar); used in ceramics and as an absorbent and as a filler (e.g., in paper)


pos: n
definition:
a generally green or black mineral; it occurs as a constituent of many rocks typically in the form of a flat crystal


pos: n
definition:
a rare hard yellow green mineral consisting of beryllium aluminate in crystal form; used as a gemstone


pos: n
definition:
(biochemistry) a waxy transparent material that occurs in the cuticle of plants and consists of highly polymerized esters of fatty acids


pos: n
definition:
a light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer


pos: n
definition:
a hard grey-black mineral consisting of corundum and either hematite or magnetite; used as an abrasive (especially as a coating on paper)


pos: n
definition:
a reddish mineral consisting of hydrated cobalt arsenate in monoclinic crystalline form and used in coloring glass; usually found in veins bearing cobalt and arsenic


pos: n
definition:
a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine


pos: n
definition:
a mineral that is a source of rare earths; consists of silicates of iron and beryllium and cerium and yttrium and erbium


pos: n
definition:
any of a group of hard glassy minerals (silicates of various metals) used as gemstones and as an abrasive


pos: n
definition:
gypsum or plaster of Paris spread on a surface to make it suitable for painting or gilding (or a surface so prepared)


pos: n
definition:
white crystalline mineral consisting of aluminum hydroxide; a constituent of bauxite and a source of alumina


pos: n
definition:
a green mineral consisting of hydrated silicate of potassium or iron or magnesium or aluminum; found in greensand


pos: n
definition:
a common white or colorless mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) used to make cements and plasters (especially plaster of Paris)


pos: n
definition:
a weakly magnetic black mineral found in metamorphic and plutonic rocks; an iron titanium oxide in crystalline form; a source of titanium


pos: n
definition:
a hard green mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade; found principally in Burma


pos: n
definition:
a white mineral consisting of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride; a source of potassium salts; used as a fertilizer


pos: n
definition:
a light soft mineral consisting of hydrated sodium borate in crystalline form; an important source of boron


pos: n
definition:
a grey or greenish-blue mineral consisting of aluminum silicate in crystalline form; occurs in metaphoric rock, used as a refractory


pos: n
definition:
a yellow phospholipid essential for the metabolism of fats; found in egg yolk and in many plant and animal cells; used commercially as an emulsifier


pos: n
definition:
a loose and crumbling earthy deposit consisting mainly of calcite or dolomite; used as a fertilizer for soils deficient in lime


pos: n
definition:
any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity


pos: n
definition:
a whitish mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate or potassium aluminum silicate in crystalline form; used in the manufacture of ceramics and enamels


pos: n
definition:
an amphibole mineral consisting of calcium magnesium silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade that is less valuable than from jadeite; once believed to cure kidney disorders


pos: n
definition:
any of a class of unstable chemical compounds resulting from the addition of ozone to a double bond in an unsaturated compound


pos: n
definition:
a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines


pos: n
definition:
a light volatile flammable poisonous liquid alcohol; used as an antifreeze and solvent and fuel and as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol


pos: n
definition:
a translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones


pos: n
definition:
a hard and corrosion resistant mineral that is a natural alloy of osmium and iridium (usually containing small amounts of rhodium and platinum); used in needles and pen nibs etc.


pos: n
definition:
any of various water-soluble compounds that form by hydrolysis in the digestion of proteins to amino acids


pos: n
definition:
any of a group of compounds that are inactive precursors of enzymes and require some change (such as the hydrolysis of a fragment that masks an active enzyme) to become active


pos: n
definition:
a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; present in most rocks (especially sandstone and granite); yellow sand is quartz with iron oxide impurities


pos: n
definition:
the granitelike rocks that form the outermost layer of the earth's crust; rich in silicon and aluminum


pos: n
definition:
coarse beach gravel of small waterworn stones and pebbles (or a stretch of shore covered with such gravel)


pos: n
definition:
waxy substance secreted by the sperm whale and found floating at sea or washed ashore; used in perfume


pos: n
definition:
lac purified by heating and filtering; usually in thin orange or yellow flakes but sometimes bleached white


pos: n
definition:
a dough-like mixture of whiting and boiled linseed oil; used especially to patch woodwork or secure panes of glass


pos: n
definition:
a kind of sealing material that is used to form a hard coating on a porous surface (as a coat of paint or varnish used to size a surface)


pos: n
definition:
a colorless crystalline organic base containing nitrogen; the parent compound of various biologically important substances


pos: n
definition:
(biochemistry) a nucleoside that is a structural component of nucleic acids; it is present in all living cells in a combined form as a constituent of DNA and RNA and ADP and ATP and AMP


pos: n
definition:
a nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism; reversibly convertible to ADP and ATP


pos: n
definition:
a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions


pos: n
definition:
an impure form of quartz consisting of banded chalcedony; used as a gemstone and for making mortars and pestles


pos: n
definition:
a chemical sprayed on fruit trees to regulate their growth so the entire crop can be harvested at one time


pos: n
definition:
the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel; proposed as a renewable clean-burning additive to gasoline


pos: n
definition:
a colorless volatile water-soluble liquid aldehyde used chiefly in the manufacture of acetic acid and perfumes and drugs


pos: n
definition:
a white crystalline amide of propenoic acid can damage the nervous system and is carcinogenic in laboratory animals


pos: n
definition:
an oily colorless liquid obtained by the condensation of two molecules of acetaldehyde; contains an alcohol group (-OH) and an aldehyde group (-CHO)


pos: n
definition:
white odorless powdered or crystalline alkaloid from plants of the genus Ephedra (especially Ephedra sinica) or made synthetically; used as a bronchodilator to treat bronchitis and asthma


pos: n
definition:
an alkaloid derived from ergot (trade name Ergotrate Maleate) that is less toxic than ergot; induces muscular contraction of the uterus and is administered after childbirth or abortion


pos: n
definition:
an alkaloid derived from ergot that is less toxic than ergot; causes constriction of blood vessels and is used to treat migraine


pos: n
definition:
trade name for an alloy used to make high-energy permanent magnets; contains aluminum and iron and nickel plus cobalt or copper or titanium


pos: n
definition:
an alloy of mercury with another metal (usually silver) used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth; except for iron and platinum all metals dissolve in mercury and chemists refer to the resulting mercury mixtures as amalgams


pos: n
definition:
an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements; also any copper-base alloy containing other elements in place of tin


pos: n
definition:
yellow carotenoid (isomeric with lutein and occurs widely with it) that is the main pigment in yellow Indian corn


pos: n
definition:
volcanic rock in which rounded cavities formed by expanding gas have subsequently become filled with mineral deposits


pos: n
definition:
(biology) any agency bringing about activation; a molecule that increases the activity of an enzyme or a protein that increases the production of a gene product in DNA transcription


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected


pos: n
definition:
a fibrous amphibole; used for making fireproof articles; inhaling fibers can cause asbestosis or lung cancer


pos: n
definition:
a white or pale green mineral (calcium magnesium silicate) of the amphibole group used as a form of asbestos


pos: n
definition:
a green to black mineral of the amphibole group; consists of silicates of calcium and sodium and magnesium and iron


pos: n
definition:
a toxic mixture of gases (including carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide and nitrogen) after an explosion of firedamp in a mine


pos: n
definition:
a mixture of gases (mostly methane) that form in coal mines and become explosive when mixed with air


pos: n
definition:
an inactive substance that is a vehicle for a radioactive tracer of the same substance and that assists in its recovery after some chemical reaction


pos: n
definition:
any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes


pos: n
definition:
a protein complex in muscle fibers; composed of myosin and actin; shortens when stimulated and causes muscle contractions


pos: n
definition:
(pathology) a waxy translucent complex protein resembling starch that results from degeneration of tissue


pos: n
definition:
one of the proteins into which actomyosin can be split; can exist in either a globular or a fibrous form


pos: n
definition:
a byproduct of inflammation; a globulin that is found in the blood in some cases of acute inflammation


pos: n
definition:
a fibrous scleroprotein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and in horny tissues such as hair, feathers, nails, and hooves


pos: n
definition:
a tough semitransparent horny substance; the principal component of the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of certain fungi


pos: n
definition:
any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions


pos: n
definition:
a white insoluble fibrous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen when blood clots; it forms a network that traps red cells and platelets


pos: n
definition:
any of several substances found in the nuclei of all living cells; consists of a protein bound to a nucleic acid


pos: n
definition:
any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar


pos: n
definition:
a protein manufactured exclusively by the prostate gland; PSA is produced for the ejaculate where it liquifies the semen and allows sperm cells to swim freely; elevated levels of PSA in blood serum are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer


pos: n
definition:
a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by white blood cells (monocytes and macrophages); has an antineoplastic effect but causes inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis)


pos: n
definition:
enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst; decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water


pos: n
definition:
either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin


pos: n
definition:
peptide released from the amino end of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin to form fibrin during clotting of the blood


pos: n
definition:
amide combining the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another; usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of protein


pos: n
definition:
a plastic (synthetic resin) made from amino compounds; used as an adhesive and as a coating for paper and textiles


pos: n
definition:
a steroid hormone (trade name Lipo-Lutin) produced in the ovary; prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy


pos: n
definition:
a synthetic progestational hormone (trade name Norlutin) used in oral contraceptives and to treat endometriosis


pos: n
definition:
a progesterone derivative used in oral contraceptives and in the control of menstruation and the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding


pos: n
definition:
male sex hormone that is produced in the testes and responsible for typical male sexual characteristics


pos: n
definition:
an androgenic compound contained in drugs that are used to treat testosterone deficiency and female breast cancer and to stimulate growth and weight gain


pos: n
definition:
an androgen (trade names Durabolin or Kabolin) that is used to treat testosterone deficiency or breast cancer or osteoporosis


pos: n
definition:
a potent androgenic hormone produced chiefly by the testes; responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics


pos: n
definition:
a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals, and activates the cells in male mammals that form sperm


pos: n
definition:
hormone produced early in pregnancy by the placenta; detection in the urine and serum is the basis for one kind of pregnancy test


pos: n
definition:
a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates ovulation in female mammals and stimulates androgen release in male mammals


pos: n
definition:
gonadotropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; in females it stimulates growth of the mammary glands and lactation after parturition


pos: n
definition:
a general term for female steroid sex hormones that are secreted by the ovary and responsible for typical female sexual characteristics


pos: n
definition:
the most powerful female hormone that occurs naturally; synthesized and used to treat estrogen deficiency and breast cancer


pos: n
definition:
a naturally occurring weak estrogenic hormone secreted by the mammalian ovary; synthesized (trade name Estronol) and used to treat estrogen deficiency


pos: n
definition:
estrogen compound used to treat menstrual irregularities and menopausal symptoms and to prevent pregnancy


pos: n
definition:
a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthesized; administered as drugs they reduce swelling and decrease the body's immune response


pos: n
definition:
hormone that is one of the steroids of the adrenal cortex that influences the metabolism of sodium and potassium


pos: n
definition:
a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex of animals; affects functioning of gonads and has anti-inflammatory activity


pos: n
definition:
a corticosteroid hormone that is secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland; regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance


pos: n
definition:
an adrenal-cortex hormone (trade names Hydrocortone or Cortef) that is active in carbohydrate and protein metabolism


pos: n
definition:
a corticosteroid hormone (trade name Cortone Acetate) normally produced by the adrenal cortex; is converted to hydrocortisone


pos: n
definition:
a dehydrogenated analogue of cortisol (trade names Orasone or Deltasone or Liquid Pred or Meticorten); used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of arthritis and as an immunosuppressant


pos: n
definition:
a corticosteroid drug (trade names Decadron or Dexamethasone Intensol or Dexone or Hexadrol or Oradexon) used to treat allergies or inflammation


pos: n
definition:
oily poisonous liquid amine obtained from nitrobenzene and used to make dyes and plastics and medicines


pos: n
definition:
a poisonous colorless flammable gas used in organic synthesis and to dope transistors and as a poison gas in warfare


pos: n
definition:
an orange-yellow pigment in the bile that forms as a product of hemoglobin; excess amounts in the blood produce the yellow appearance observed in jaundice


pos: n
definition:
a chromogen formed in the intestine from the breakdown of bilirubin; yields urobilins on oxidation; some is excreted in the feces and some is resorbed and excreted in bile or urine


pos: n
definition:
pigment occurring in luminescent organisms (as fireflies); emits heatless light when undergoing oxidation


pos: n
definition:
the material (mostly keratin) that covers the horns of ungulates and forms hooves and claws and nails


pos: n
definition:
a horny material from the upper jaws of certain whales; used as the ribs of fans or as stays in corsets


pos: n
definition:
a starch made by leaching and drying the root of the cassava plant; the source of tapioca; a staple food in the tropics


pos: n
definition:
a bitter tasting amino acid found in proteins and necessary for nutrition; its absence from the diet leads to a reduced production of spermatozoa


pos: n
definition:
a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer


pos: n
definition:
the brownish gum resin of various plants; has strong taste and odor; formerly used as an antispasmodic


pos: n
definition:
the univalent cation R-N:N- (where R is an aromatic hydrocarbon); found in salts that are used in manufacturing azo dyes


pos: n
definition:
the commonest type of solidified lava; a dense dark grey fine-grained igneous rock that is composed chiefly of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene


pos: n
definition:
a colorless liquid hydrocarbon; highly inflammable; carcinogenic; the simplest of the aromatic compounds


pos: n
definition:
a salt of carbonic acid (containing the anion HCO3) in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced; an acid carbonate


pos: n
definition:
a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) used in effervescent drinks and in baking powders and as an antacid


pos: n
definition:
a substance capable of bringing about the reduction of another substance as it itself is oxidized; used in photography to lessen the density of a negative or print by oxidizing some of the loose silver


pos: n
definition:
a viscous liquid with strong oxidizing properties; a powerful bleaching agent; also used (in aqueous solutions) as a mild disinfectant and (in strong concentrations) as an oxidant in rocket fuels


pos: n
definition:
an insulating layer of fat under the skin of whales and other large marine mammals; used as a source of oil


pos: n
definition:
any of the salts of hydrobromic acid; formerly used as a sedative but now generally replaced by safer drugs


pos: n
definition:
colorless soluble flammable liquid ketone used as a solvent for resins and as a paint remover and in lacquers and cements and adhesives and cleaning fluids and celluloid


pos: n
definition:
a poisonous oily liquid with a garlicky odor composed of 2 cacodyl groups; undergoes spontaneous combustion in dry air


pos: n
definition:
an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain


pos: n
definition:
a black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink


pos: n
definition:
a colorless syrupy solution of pyroxylin in ether and alcohol; used as a coating for wounds or photographic films


pos: n
definition:
one form in which body fuel is stored; stored primarily in the liver and broken down into glucose when needed by the body


pos: n
definition:
a toxic white soluble crystalline acidic derivative of benzene; used in manufacturing and as a disinfectant and antiseptic; poisonous if taken internally


pos: n
definition:
the atmosphere in a mine following an explosion; high in carbon dioxide and incapable of supporting life


pos: n
definition:
a thin paper coated on one side with a dark waxy substance (often containing carbon); used to transfer characters from the original to an under sheet of paper


pos: n
definition:
a colorless nonflammable liquid used as a solvent for fats and oils; because of its toxicity its use as a cleaning fluid or fire extinguisher has declined


pos: n
definition:
an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range


pos: n
definition:
a building material that is a powder made of a mixture of calcined limestone and clay; used with water and sand or gravel to make concrete and mortar


pos: n
definition:
a small piece of paper that is supposed to be removed when a hole is punched in a card or paper tape


pos: n
definition:
material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds


pos: n
definition:
any of a group of chemicals including epinephrine and norepinephrine that are produced in the medulla of the adrenal gland


pos: n
definition:
a neurotransmitter that is a derivative of choline; released at the ends of nerve fibers in the somatic and parasympathetic nervous systems


pos: n
definition:
a heavy colorless insoluble liquid compound that causes tears and vomiting; used as a pesticide and as tear gas


pos: n
definition:
Elinvar is a trademark for a kind of steel used for watch springs because its elasticity is constant over a wide range of temperatures


pos: n
definition:
a microscopic particle of triglycerides produced in the intestines during digestion; in the bloodstream they release their fatty acids into the blood


pos: n
definition:
a yellow viscous animal oil extracted from wool; a mixture of fatty acids and esters; used in some ointments and cosmetics


pos: n
definition:
a specific sequence of three adjacent nucleotides on a strand of DNA or RNA that specifies the genetic code information for synthesizing a particular amino acid


pos: n
definition:
single-stranded DNA that is complementary to messenger RNA or DNA that has been synthesized from messenger RNA by reverse transcriptase


pos: n
definition:
cDNA copy of the RNA genome of a retrovirus; the genetic material of a virus as incorporated into and able to replicate with the genome of a host cell


pos: n
definition:
DNA that is not incorporated into the genome but is replicated together with the genome (especially in bacterial cells)


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight


pos: n
definition:
a mixture of two partially miscible liquids A and B produces two conjugate solutions: one of A in B and another of B in A


pos: n
definition:
an alloy of copper and nickel with high electrical resistance and a low temperature coefficient; used as resistance wire


pos: n
definition:
a substance as germanium or silicon whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator; its conductivity increases with temperature and in the presence of impurities


pos: n
definition:
a fluid agent (gas or liquid) that produces cooling; especially one used to cool a system by transferring heat away from one part to another


pos: n
definition:
the hard stony skeleton of a Mediterranean coral that has a delicate red or pink color and is used for jewelry


pos: n
definition:
a heat-insulating building material consisting of cork granules that are made into sheets by compressing and baking


pos: n
definition:
a colorless liquid hydrocarbon extracted from petroleum or coal tar and used in making synthetic resins


pos: n
definition:
an amino acid that does not occur in proteins but is found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates both in the free form and as phosphocreatine; supplies energy for muscle contraction


pos: n
definition:
any of three poisonous colorless isomeric phenols; derived from coal or wood tar; used as a disinfectant


pos: n
definition:
any organic compound in which the cyano radical -CN and the hydroxyl radical -OH are attached to the same carbon atom


pos: n
definition:
any of three isotopes of a colorless aromatic liquid hydrocarbon occurring in the volatile oil of cumin and thyme and used in the manufacture of synthetic resins


pos: n
definition:
any of various protein molecules secreted by cells of the immune system that serve to regulate the immune system


pos: n
definition:
a garnet consisting of calcium iron silicate and having any color ranging from yellow and green to brown and black; used as gemstone


pos: n
definition:
one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose)


pos: n
definition:
(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information


pos: n
definition:
a segment of DNA that can become integrated at many different sites along a chromosome (especially a segment of bacterial DNA that can be translocated as a whole)


pos: n
definition:
(biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell


pos: n
definition:
the template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell


pos: n
definition:
RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)


pos: n
definition:
any of various polysaccharides obtained by hydrolysis of starch; a tasteless and odorless gummy substance that is used as a thickening agent and in adhesives and in dietary supplements


pos: n
definition:
a purified liquid produced by condensation from a vapor during distilling; the product of distilling


pos: n
definition:
a monoamine neurotransmitter found in the brain and essential for the normal functioning of the central nervous system; as a drug (trade names Dopastat and Intropin) it is used to treat shock and hypotension


pos: n
definition:
a small discrete mass of solid or liquid matter that remains individually dispersed in gas or liquid emissions (usually considered to be an atmospheric pollutant)


pos: n
definition:
any of various elastic materials that resemble rubber (resumes its original shape when a deforming force is removed)


pos: n
definition:
one of four substances thought in ancient and medieval cosmology to constitute the physical universe


pos: n
definition:
a sweet flavored liquid (usually containing a small amount of alcohol) used in compounding medicines to be taken by mouth in order to mask an unpleasant taste


pos: n
definition:
crust or layer of hard subsoil encrusted with calcium-carbonate occurring in arid or semiarid regions


pos: n
definition:
binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent


pos: n
definition:
a chemical substance secreted externally by some animals (especially insects) that influences the physiology or behavior of other animals of the same species


pos: n
definition:
the fifth and highest element after air and earth and fire and water; was believed to be the substance composing all heavenly bodies


pos: n
definition:
extract from the pancreas of animals that contains pancreatic enzymes; used to treat pancreatitis and other conditions involving insufficient pancreatic secretions


pos: n
definition:
a flammable colorless gaseous alkene; obtained from petroleum and natural gas and used in manufacturing many other chemicals; sometimes used as an anesthetic


pos: n
definition:
a heavy colorless highly toxic liquid used as a solvent to clean electronic components and for dry cleaning and as a fumigant; causes cancer and liver and lung damage


pos: n
definition:
a sweet colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in brake fluid and also as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items although it can be absorbed through the skin with harmful effects


pos: n
definition:
dust consisting of a mixture of small coal fragments and coal dust and dirt that sifts out when coal is passed over a sieve


pos: n
definition:
(usually plural) waste water from a kitchen or bathroom or chamber pot that has to be emptied by hand


pos: n
definition:
neuromuscular blocking agent (trade name Flaxedil) used as a muscle relaxant in the administration of anesthesia


pos: n
definition:
salt of potassium (KCl) (trade names K-Dur 20, Kaochlor and K-lor and Klorvess and K-lyte); taken in tablet form to treat potassium deficiency


pos: n
definition:
any animal or plant material used to fertilize land especially animal excreta usually with litter material


pos: n
definition:
a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides)


pos: n
definition:
any of a group of hard crystalline minerals that consist of aluminum silicates of potassium or sodium or calcium or barium


pos: n
definition:
a protein containing 20% iron that is found in the intestines and liver and spleen; it is one of the chief forms in which iron is stored in the body


pos: n
definition:
a tough piece of fiber in vegetables, meat, or other food (especially the tough fibers connecting the two halves of a bean pod)


pos: n
definition:
a halocarbon in which some hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine; used in refrigerators and aerosols


pos: n
definition:
an aromatic gum resin obtained from various Arabian or East African trees; formerly valued for worship and for embalming and fumigation


pos: n
definition:
an atom or group of atoms with at least one unpaired electron; in the body it is usually an oxygen molecule that has lost an electron and will stabilize itself by stealing an electron from a nearby molecule


pos: n
definition:
any one or more chlorofluorocarbons (or related compounds) that are used as an aerosol propellant, organic solvent, or refrigerant


pos: n
definition:
a liquid aldehyde with a penetrating odor; made from plant hulls and corncobs; used in making furan and as a solvent


pos: n
definition:
a fluid in the gaseous state having neither independent shape nor volume and being able to expand indefinitely


pos: n
definition:
acid or granitic glass formed by the rapid cooling of lava without crystallization; usually dark, but transparent in thin pieces


pos: n
definition:
either one of a pair of compounds (crystals or molecules) that are mirror images on each other but are not identical


pos: n
definition:
glyceride occurring naturally in animal and vegetable tissues; it consists of three individual fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored by the body


pos: n
definition:
a heavy yellow poisonous oily explosive liquid obtained by nitrating glycerol; used in making explosives and medically as a vasodilator (trade names Nitrospan and Nitrostat)


pos: n
definition:
a substance derived from amygdalin; publicized as an antineoplastic drug although there is no supporting evidence


pos: n
definition:
any of various plant glucosides that form soapy lathers when mixed and agitated with water; used in detergents and foaming agents and emulsifiers


pos: n
definition:
any of several plant glycoproteins that act like specific antibodies but are not antibodies in that they are not evoked by an antigenic stimulus


pos: n
definition:
plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; generally composed of feldspar and mica and quartz


pos: n
definition:
volatile liquid distilled from turpentine oleoresin; used as paint thinner and solvent and medicinally


pos: n
definition:
any of a class of solid or semisolid viscous substances obtained either as exudations from certain plants or prepared by polymerization of simple molecules


pos: n
definition:
resin of the kauri trees of New Zealand; found usually as a fossil; also collected for making varnishes and linoleum


pos: n
definition:
any of various hard resins from trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae and of the genus Agathis; especially the amboyna pine


pos: n
definition:
translucent brittle substance produced from pine oleoresin; used especially in varnishes and inks and on the bows of stringed instruments


pos: n
definition:
any of various substances (soluble in water) that exude from certain plants; they are gelatinous when moist but harden on drying


pos: n
definition:
any of various polymers containing the urethane radical; a wide variety of synthetic forms are made and used as adhesives or plastics or paints or rubber


pos: n
definition:
any of various fine-grained silty soils that become waxy and very sticky mud when saturated with water


pos: n
definition:
a gummy orange mixture of uranium oxides and silicates occurring naturally in the hydration and oxidation of pitchblende


pos: n
definition:
any of five related nonmetallic elements (fluorine or chlorine or bromine or iodine or astatine) that are all monovalent and readily form negative ions


pos: n
definition:
the principal form of iron ore; consists of ferric oxide in crystalline form; occurs in a red earthy form


pos: n
definition:
an organic compound usually formed as an intermediate product in the preparation of acetals from aldehydes or ketones


pos: n
definition:
any substance that can cause lysis (destruction) of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and the release of their hemoglobin


pos: n
definition:
a colorless volatile highly flammable liquid obtained from petroleum and used as an anesthetic or a solvent or in determining octane ratings


pos: n
definition:
a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of a high proportion of protein and relatively little cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis


pos: n
definition:
an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance; can be used to indicate the completion of a chemical reaction or (in medicine) to test for a particular reaction


pos: n
definition:
a substance (a virus or toxin or immune serum) that is introduced into the body to produce or increase immunity to a particular disease


pos: n
definition:
a nucleoside that is formed by the deamination of adenosine; used in kidney transplantation to provide a temporary source of sugar


pos: n
definition:
any of several lymphokines that promote macrophages and killer T cells and B cells and other components of the immune system


pos: n
definition:
an alloy of iron and nickel having a low coefficient of thermal expansion; used in tuning forks and measuring tapes and other instruments


pos: n
definition:
an iodine containing protein that is obtained from the thyroid gland and exhibits the general properties of the globulins


pos: n
definition:
a compound that exists in forms having different arrangements of atoms but the same molecular weight


pos: n
definition:
a semiprecious gemstone that takes a high polish; is usually green but sometimes whitish; consists of jadeite or nephrite


pos: n
definition:
an opaque form of quartz; red or yellow or brown or dark green in color; used for ornamentation or as a gemstone


pos: n
definition:
any of a class of organic compounds having a carbonyl group linked to a carbon atom in each of two hydrocarbon radicals


pos: n
definition:
a preparation of lindane (trade name Kwell) that is used to kill lice and itch mites; available in cream or shampoo


pos: n
definition:
a dark brown to greenish oleoresin that has a fragrant odor and is used as a fixative in perfumes; obtained as a juice from certain rockroses


pos: n
definition:
brass (or a yellow alloy resembling brass) that was hammered into thin sheets; formerly used for church utensils


pos: n
definition:
rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos; lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface


pos: n
definition:
a form of igneous rock consisting of extremely coarse granite resulting from the crystallization of magma rich in rare elements


pos: n
definition:
a red to reddish brown mineral consisting of iron oxide hydroxide; often found in iron ores together with goethite


pos: n
definition:
a white crystalline amino acid occurring in proteins that is essential for nutrition; obtained by the hydrolysis of most dietary proteins


pos: n
definition:
a complex polymer; the chief constituent of wood other than carbohydrates; binds to cellulose fibers to harden and strengthen cell walls of plants


pos: n
definition:
an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream


pos: n
definition:
an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates)


pos: n
definition:
a conjugated protein having a lipid component; the principal means for transporting lipids in the blood


pos: n
definition:
continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas


pos: n
definition:
a liquid substance that is a solution (or emulsion or suspension) used or obtained in an industrial process


pos: n
definition:
a coloring material (obtained from lichens) that turns red in acid solutions and blue in alkaline solutions; used as a very rough acid-base indicator


pos: n
definition:
a white powder (LiCO3) used in manufacturing glass and ceramics and as a drug; the drug (trade names Lithane or Lithonate or Eskalith) is used to treat some forms of depression and manic episodes of manic-depressive disorder


pos: n
definition:
a permanent magnet consisting of magnetite that possess polarity and has the power to attract as well as to be attracted magnetically


pos: n
definition:
a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of moderate amount of protein and a large amount of cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis


pos: n
definition:
a cytokine secreted by helper T cells in response to stimulation by antigens and that acts on other cells of the immune system (as by activating macrophages)


pos: n
definition:
(trademark) a liquid that temporarily disables a person; prepared as an aerosol and sprayed in the face, it irritates the eyes and causes dizziness and immobilization


pos: n
definition:
a salt or ester of maleic acid; used as a nontricyclic antidepressant drug for psychomotor activation


pos: n
definition:
a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material


pos: n
definition:
a solid solution of carbon in alpha-iron that is formed when steel is cooled so rapidly that the change from austenite to pearlite is suppressed; responsible for the hardness of quenched steel


pos: n
definition:
a crystalline compound that has the cool and minty taste and odor that occurs naturally in peppermint oil; used as a flavoring and in medicine to relieve itching, pain, and nasal congestion


pos: n
definition:
(trademark) a microscopic and traceable identification particle used to trace explosives or other hazardous materials or to prevent counterfeiting


pos: n
definition:
an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin)


pos: n
definition:
a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates


pos: n
definition:
a transparent or translucent gemstone with a pearly luster; some specimens are orthoclase feldspar and others are plagioclase feldspar


pos: n
definition:
a white crystalline strong-smelling hydrocarbon made from coal tar or petroleum and used in organic synthesis and as a fumigant in mothballs


pos: n
definition:
an alloy of nickel and chromium with high electrical resistance and an ability to withstand high temperatures; used for resistance heating elements


pos: n
definition:
a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; serves as a reductant in various metabolic processes


pos: n
definition:
a coenzyme similar to NAD and present in most living cells but serves as a reductant in different metabolic processes


pos: n
definition:
general term for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleic acid by cleaving chains of nucleotides into smaller units


pos: n
definition:
cellulose acetate that is relatively slow to burn; used instead of celluloid for motion-picture film


pos: n
definition:
highly flammable substance made from cellulose nitrate and camphor; used in e.g. motion-picture and X-ray film; its use has decreased with the development of nonflammable thermoplastics


pos: n
definition:
loose hemp or jute fiber obtained by unravelling old ropes; when impregnated with tar it was used to caulk seams and pack joints in wooden ships


pos: n
definition:
a colorless gas (O3) soluble in alkalis and cold water; a strong oxidizing agent; can be produced by electric discharge in oxygen or by the action of ultraviolet radiation on oxygen in the stratosphere (where it acts as a screen for ultraviolet radiation)


pos: n
definition:
a vitamin of the vitamin B complex that performs an important role in the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates and certain amino acids; occurs in many foods


pos: n
definition:
paper made from the papyrus plant by cutting it in strips and pressing it flat; used by ancient Egyptians and Greeks and Romans


pos: n
definition:
a lamellar mixture of cementite and ferrite formed during the cooling of austenite; a constituent of steel and cast iron


pos: n
definition:
any of various water-soluble colloidal carbohydrates that occur in ripe fruit and vegetables; used in making fruit jellies and jams


pos: n
definition:
enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic


pos: n
definition:
precursor of pepsin; stored in the stomach walls and converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid in the stomach


pos: n
definition:
a dark purple salt of permanganic acid; in water solution it is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic


pos: n
definition:
any of a group of enzymes (occurring especially in plant cells) that catalyze the oxidation of a compound by a peroxide


pos: n
definition:
a semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum; used in medicinal ointments and for lubrication


pos: n
definition:
an essential amino acid found in proteins and needed for growth of children and for protein metabolism in children and adults; abundant in milk and eggs; it is normally converted to tyrosine in the human body


pos: n
definition:
an organic compound of creatine and phosphoric acid; found in the muscles of vertebrates where its hydrolysis releases energy for muscular contraction


pos: n
definition:
any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base; an important constituent of membranes


pos: n
definition:
a red fluorescent dye resulting from the action of bromine on fluorescein; used in cosmetics and as a biological stain for studying cell structures


pos: n
definition:
a yellow dye that is visible even when highly diluted; used as an absorption indicator when silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride in order to precipitate silver chloride (turns pink when no chloride ions are left in solution and negative fluorescein ions are then absorbed)


pos: n
definition:
a mixture of lime or gypsum with sand and water; hardens into a smooth solid; used to cover walls and ceilings


pos: n
definition:
any of several gypsum cements; a white powder (a form of calcium sulphate) that forms a paste when mixed with water and hardens into a solid; used in making molds and sculptures and casts for broken limbs


pos: n
definition:
a mixture of wet clay and sand that can be used to line a pond and that is impervious to water when dry


pos: n
definition:
a soil that develops in temperate to cold moist climates under coniferous or heath vegetation; an organic mat over a grey leached layer


pos: n
definition:
a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers


pos: n
definition:
any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis


pos: n
definition:
any of various amines (such as putrescine or cadaverine) formed by the action of putrefactive bacteria


pos: n
definition:
a borosilicate glass with a low coefficient of expansion; used for heat-resistant glassware in cooking and chemistry


pos: n
definition:
a bitter compound used as an insecticide and tonic and vermifuge; extracted from the wood and bark of trees of the genera Quassia and Picrasma


pos: n
definition:
any of a class of aromatic yellow compounds including several that are biologically important as coenzymes or acceptors or vitamins; used in making dyes


pos: n
definition:
a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the kidneys; catalyzes the formation of angiotensin and thus affects blood pressure


pos: n
definition:
a crystalline phenol obtained from various resins; used in ointments for acne and in dandruff shampoos


pos: n
definition:
a chemical that is added to a photographic developer in order to retard development and reduce the amount of fog on a film


pos: n
definition:
an elastic material obtained from the latex sap of trees (especially trees of the genera Hevea and Ficus) that can be vulcanized and finished into a variety of products


pos: n
definition:
a mineral consisting of titanium dioxide in crystalline form; occurs in metamorphic and plutonic rocks and is a major source of titanium


pos: n
definition:
a white powder with a pleasant taste and odor; used to absorb light in sun tan lotions or as a preservative or an antiseptic or a coating for pills in which the medicine is intended for enteric release


pos: n
definition:
a white crystalline insecticide that has low toxicity for mammals; is used in home gardens; extracted from the roots of derris and cube


pos: n
definition:
a rare light blue or green mineral; consists of aluminum and magnesium silicate and occurs as small grains in some metamorphic rocks


pos: n
definition:
a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur in a 75:15:10 ratio which is used in gunnery, time fuses, and fireworks


pos: n
definition:
an explosive (trade name Ballistite) that burns with relatively little smoke; contains pyrocellulose and is used as a propellant


pos: n
definition:
a powerful neurotoxin produced by certain dinoflagellates found in red tides; it can accumulate in mollusks that feed on the dinoflagellates and cause food poisoning to humans


pos: n
definition:
a set of enzymes believed to snip pieces off a longer protein producing fragments of amyloid protein that bunch up and create amyloid protein plaques in brain tissue (the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's)


pos: n
definition:
a substance produced by the hypothalamus that is capable of accelerating the secretion of a given hormone by the anterior pituitary gland


pos: n
definition:
a hemoprotein composed of globin and heme that gives red blood cells their characteristic color; function primarily to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues


pos: n
definition:
a reddish-brown chloride of heme; produced from hemoglobin in laboratory tests for the presence of blood


pos: n
definition:
(biochemistry) a class of hemoprotein whose principal biological function is electron transfer (especially in cellular respiration)


pos: n
definition:
a colorless protein obtained by removing heme from hemoglobin; the oxygen carrying compound in red blood cells


pos: n
definition:
a simple protein containing mainly basic amino acids; present in cell nuclei in association with nucleic acids


pos: n
definition:
a simple protein found in fish sperm; rich in arginine; simpler in composition than globulin or albumin; counteracts the anticoagulant effect of heparin


pos: n
definition:
a granular brown substance composed of ferric oxide; left from the breakdown of hemoglobin; can be a sign of disturbed iron metabolism


pos: n
definition:
any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response


pos: n
definition:
an antitoxin that counteracts the effects of venom from the bite of a snake or insect or other animal


pos: n
definition:
an antibody produced by one individual that causes agglutination of red blood cells in other individuals of the same species


pos: n
definition:
any of a class of antibodies produced in the laboratory by a single clone of cells or a cell line and consisting of identical antibody molecules


pos: n
definition:
a monoclonal antibody (trade name Remicade) used to treat Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis; administered by infusion; use and dosage must be determined by a physician


pos: n
definition:
an antibody in blood serum that attaches to invading microorganisms and other antigens to make them more susceptible to the action of phagocytes


pos: n
definition:
a class of proteins produced in lymph tissue in vertebrates and that function as antibodies in the immune response


pos: n
definition:
one of the most common of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; the chief antibody in the membranes of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts


pos: n
definition:
one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; present primarily in the skin and mucous membranes


pos: n
definition:
an immunoglobulin E that is formed as an antibody against allergens (such as pollen); attaches to cell membranes causing the release of histamine and other substances responsible for the local inflammation characteristic of an allergy


pos: n
definition:
one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins; involved in fighting blood infections and in triggering production of immunoglobulin G


pos: n
definition:
colorless pungent crystalline compound derived from capsicum; source of the hotness of hot peppers of the genus Capsicum such as chili and cayenne and jalapeno


pos: n
definition:
a family of compounds derived from horseradish and radishes and onions and mustards; source of the hotness of those plants and preparations


pos: n
definition:
an abnormally large amount of this fetoprotein in the fetus can signal an abnormality of the neural tube (as spina bifida or anencephaly)


pos: n
definition:
a poisonous substance produced during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species


pos: n
definition:
a bacterial toxin that has been weakened until it is no longer toxic but is strong enough to induce the formation of antibodies and immunity to the specific disease caused by the toxin


pos: n
definition:
a toxin resembling bacterial toxins in its antigenic properties that is found in the fluids of certain animals


pos: n
definition:
potent bacterial toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum that causes botulism; can be used as a bioweapon


pos: n
definition:
a toxin that is confined inside the microorganisms and is released only when the microorganisms are broken down or die


pos: n
definition:
toxin secreted by animals; secreted by certain snakes and poisonous insects (e.g., spiders and scorpions)


pos: n
definition:
any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates an immune response in the body (especially the production of antibodies)


pos: n
definition:
a blood group antigen possessed by Rh-positive people; if an Rh-negative person receives a blood transfusion from an Rh-positive person it can result in hemolysis and anemia


pos: n
definition:
a watery solution of sugars, salts, and minerals that circulates through the vascular system of a plant


pos: n
definition:
any of a large class of siloxanes that are unusually stable over a wide range of temperatures; used in lubricants and adhesives and coatings and synthetic rubber and electrical insulation


pos: n
definition:
a white or colorless vitreous insoluble solid (SiO2); various forms occur widely in the earth's crust as quartz or cristobalite or tridymite or lechatelierite


pos: n
definition:
a soft heavy compact variety of talc having a soapy feel; used to make hearths and tabletops and ornaments


pos: n
definition:
a vitreous mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate and sodium chloride in crystalline form; occurs in igneous rocks


pos: n
definition:
a caustic detergent useful for removing grease; although commonly included in personal care items (shampoos and toothpastes etc.) it can irritate skin and should not be swallowed


pos: n
definition:
a compound formed by solvation (the combination of solvent molecules with molecules or ions of the solute)


pos: n
definition:
powder (containing gypsum plaster and glue) that when mixed with water forms a plastic paste used to fill cracks and holes in plaster


pos: n
definition:
any of various nonmetallic minerals (calcite or feldspar) that are light in color and transparent or translucent and cleavable


pos: n
definition:
pig iron containing manganese; used as a deoxidizing agent and to raise the manganese content in making steel


pos: n
definition:
impure zinc containing about three percent lead and other impurities (especially in the form of ingots)


pos: n
definition:
building material consisting of plaster and hair; used to cover external surfaces of temporary structure (as at an exposition) or for decoration


pos: n
definition:
a form of staphylococcal enterotoxin that has been used as an incapacitating agent in biological warfare


pos: n
definition:
a hard glassy mineral consisting of an oxide of magnesium and aluminum; occurs in various colors that are used as gemstones


pos: n
definition:
a chemical that is added to a solution or mixture or suspension to maintain it in a stable or unchanging state


pos: n
definition:
a stain of contrasting color that is used when the principal stain does not show the structure clearly


pos: n
definition:
a complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants, notably in corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice; an important foodstuff and used otherwise especially in adhesives and as fillers and stiffeners for paper and textiles


pos: n
definition:
a nerve agent easily absorbed into the body; a lethal cholinesterase inhibitor that is highly toxic when inhaled


pos: n
definition:
a very hard alloy of cobalt and chromium with cobalt as the principal ingredient; used to make cutting tools and for surfaces subject to heavy wear


pos: n
definition:
any of several fat-soluble organic compounds having as a basis 17 carbon atoms in four rings; many have important physiological effects


pos: n
definition:
any of a group of natural steroid alcohols derived from plants or animals; they are waxy insoluble substances


pos: n
definition:
an animal sterol that is normally synthesized by the liver; the most abundant steroid in animal tissues


pos: n
definition:
an enzyme produced by some hemolytic strains of streptococcus that dissolves fibrinous secretions from infections; used medicinally (often in combination with streptokinase)


pos: n
definition:
an enzyme produced by some strains of streptococcus that can liquefy blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin; used medicinally in some cases of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism


pos: n
definition:
a bitter and very toxic glycoside derived from plants of the genus Strophanthus; in moderate doses it is a cardiac stimulant but in larger doses it is a powerful poison; used in Africa as an arrow poison


pos: n
definition:
a plaster now made mostly from Portland cement and sand and lime; applied while soft to cover exterior walls or surfaces


pos: n
definition:
a silver-white mineral consisting of silver gold telluride; a source of gold in Australia and America


pos: n
definition:
a mineral consisting of native potassium chloride; an important ore of potassium that is found in sedimentary beds


pos: n
definition:
the first known nerve agent, synthesized by German chemists in 1936; a highly toxic combustible liquid that is soluble in organic solvents and is used as a nerve gas in chemical warfare


pos: n
definition:
a fine grained mineral having a soft soapy feel and consisting of hydrated magnesium silicate; used in a variety of products including talcum powder


pos: n
definition:
a mineral consisting of tantalum oxide of iron and manganese that occurs with niobite or in coarse granite; an ore of tantalum


pos: n
definition:
a radioactive mineral consisting of thorium silicate; it is a source of thorium that is found in coarse granite


pos: n
definition:
a colorless crystalline amino acid found in protein; occurs in the hydrolysates of certain proteins; an essential component of human nutrition


pos: n
definition:
an enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot


pos: n
definition:
coagulation factor that is converted to an enzyme that converts prothrombin to thrombin in a reaction that depends on calcium ions and other coagulation factors


pos: n
definition:
in the clotting of blood thrombin catalyzes factor XIII into its active form (fibrinase) which causes fibrin to form a stable clot


pos: n
definition:
a colorless crystalline solid used in perfume or preserving biological specimens or in embalming or medically as a fungicide or antiseptic


pos: n
definition:
a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that controls the degree of pigmentation in melanocytes


pos: n
definition:
hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary


pos: n
definition:
unstratified soil deposited by a glacier; consists of sand and clay and gravel and boulders mixed together


pos: n
definition:
a colorless flammable liquid obtained from petroleum or coal tar; used as a solvent for gums and lacquers and in high-octane fuels


pos: n
definition:
an alloy of copper and zinc (and sometimes arsenic) used to imitate gold in cheap jewelry and for gilding


pos: n
definition:
a mineral (fluosilicate of aluminum) that occurs in crystals of various colors and is used as a gemstone


pos: n
definition:
a mineral that is a complex borosilicate and hydroxide of aluminum containing iron and magnesium and calcium and lithium and sodium; it is usually black but occurs in transparent colored forms that are used as gemstones


pos: n
definition:
a class of transferases that catalyze transamination (that transfer an amino group from an amino acid to another compound)


pos: n
definition:
a synthetic corticosteroid (trade names Aristocort or Aristopak or Kenalog) used as an anti-inflammatory agent


pos: n
definition:
inactive precursor of trypsin; a substance secreted by the pancreas and converted to active trypsin by enterokinase in the small intestine


pos: n
definition:
an amino acid that occurs in proteins; is essential for growth and normal metabolism; a precursor of niacin


pos: n
definition:
amino acid derived from tyrosine; has a sympathomimetic action; found in chocolate and cola drinks and ripe cheese and beer


pos: n
definition:
any of several quinones found in living cells and that function as coenzymes that transfer electrons from one molecule to another in cell respiration


pos: n
definition:
an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia; is present in intestinal bacteria


pos: n
definition:
a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine


pos: n
definition:
a mineral consisting of uranium oxide and trace amounts of radium and thorium and polonium and lead and helium; uraninite in massive form is called pitchblende which is the chief uranium ore


pos: n
definition:
the chief solid component of mammalian urine; synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide and used as fertilizer and in animal feed and in plastics


pos: n
definition:
an essential amino acid found in proteins; important for growth in children and nitrogen balance in adults


pos: n
definition:
large lipoproteins rich in triglycerides; VLDLs circulate through the blood giving up their triglycerides to fat and muscle tissue until the VLDL remnants are modified and converted into LDL


pos: n
definition:
a green or yellow or brown mineral consisting of a hydrated silicate; it occurs as crystals in limestone and is used a gemstone


pos: n
definition:
a violet photopigment in the retinal cones of the eyes of most vertebrates; plays a role in daylight vision


pos: n
definition:
any of several fat-soluble vitamins essential for normal vision; prevents night blindness or inflammation or dryness of the eyes


pos: n
definition:
an unsaturated alcohol that occurs in marine fish-liver oils and is synthesized biologically from carotene


pos: n
definition:
an orange isomer of an unsaturated hydrocarbon found in many plants; is converted into vitamin A in the liver


pos: n
definition:
a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body


pos: n
definition:
any of various substances of either mineral origin or plant or animal origin; they are solid at normal temperatures and insoluble in water


pos: n
definition:
a dark meadow soil rich in organic material; developed through poor drainage in humid grassy or sedge regions


pos: n
definition:
an aromatic oil that smells like lemon and is widely used in Asian cooking and in perfumes and medicines


pos: n
definition:
a long thin board with one edge thicker than the other; used as siding by lapping one board over the board below


pos: n
definition:
a mineral consisting of iron and manganese tungstate in crystalline form; the principal ore of tungsten; found in quartz veins associated with granitic rocks


pos: n
definition:
a commercial leavening agent containing yeast cells; used to raise the dough in making bread and for fermenting beer or whiskey


pos: n
definition:
a stringy slimy substance consisting of yeast cells and bacteria; forms during fermentation and is added to cider or wine to produce vinegar


pos: n
definition:
any of a family of glassy minerals analogous to feldspar containing hydrated aluminum silicates of calcium or sodium or potassium; formed in cavities in lava flows and in plutonic rocks


pos: n
definition:
a group of minerals of the zeolite family consisting of a hydrous aluminum silicate of sodium and calcium


pos: n
definition:
a group of white or reddish crystalline minerals of the zeolite family consisting of a hydrous silicate of calcium and potassium and aluminum


pos: n
definition:
a common mineral occurring in small crystals; chief source of zirconium; used as a refractory when opaque and as a gem when transparent


pos: n
definition:
a white crystalline oxide; used in refractories and in insulation and abrasives and enamels and glazes


pos: n
definition:
a complex of enzymes that cause glycolysis; originally found in yeast but also present in higher organisms


pos: n
definition:
any substance possessing to a high degree the predominant properties of a plant or drug or other natural product from which it is extracted


pos: n
definition:
a colored glassy compound (opaque or partially opaque) that is fused to the surface of metal or glass or pottery for decoration or protection


pos: n
definition:
any substance involved in metabolism (either as a product of metabolism or as necessary for metabolism)


pos: n
definition:
a compound found in women's urine during certain phases of the menstrual cycle and in the urine of pregnant women


pos: n
definition:
a toxic alkaloid found in certain tropical South American trees that is a powerful relaxant for striated muscles


pos: n
definition:
a sterile liquid containing a purified protein derivative of the tuberculosis bacterium; used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis


pos: n
definition:
crystalline oxidation product of the metabolism of nucleoproteins; precursor of uric acid; found in many organs and in urine


pos: n
definition:
a period of time when something (as a machine or factory) is not operating (especially as a result of malfunctions)


pos: n
definition:
the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech


pos: n
definition:
a continuous nonspatial whole or extent or succession in which no part or portion is distinct or distinguishable from adjacent parts


pos: n
definition:
the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future


pos: n
definition:
from two million to 11 thousand years ago; extensive glaciation of the northern hemisphere; the time of human evolution


pos: n
definition:
from 13 million to 2 million years ago; growth of mountains; cooling of climate; more and larger mammals


pos: n
definition:
from 135 million to 63 million years ago; end of the age of reptiles; appearance of modern insects and flowering plants


pos: n
definition:
from 345 million to 310 million years ago; increase of land areas; primitive ammonites; winged insects


pos: n
definition:
from 405 million to 345 million years ago; preponderance of fishes and appearance of amphibians and ammonites


pos: n
definition:
the eon following the Hadean time and preceding the Phanerozoic eon; from about 3,800 million years ago until 544 million years ago


pos: n
definition:
the time from 3,800 million years to 2,500 million years ago; earth's crust formed; unicellular organisms are earliest forms of life


pos: n
definition:
the earliest eon in the history of the Earth from the first accretion of planetary material (around 4,600 million years ago) until the date of the oldest known rocks (about 3,800 million years ago); no evidence of life


pos: n
definition:
the elapsed time it takes for light (or radio signals) to travel between the Earth and a celestial object


pos: n
definition:
the elapsed time it takes for a signal to travel from Earth to a spacecraft (or other body) and back to the starting point


pos: n
definition:
the coordinated universal time when a transmission is sent from Earth to a spacecraft or other celestial body


pos: n
definition:
standard time in the 5th time zone west of Greenwich, reckoned at the 75th meridian; used in the eastern United States


pos: n
definition:
standard time in the 6th time zone west of Greenwich, reckoned at the 90th meridian; used in the central United States


pos: n
definition:
standard time in the 7th time zone west of Greenwich, reckoned at the 105th meridian west; used in the mountain states of the United States


pos: n
definition:
standard time in the 8th time zone west of Greenwich, reckoned at the 120th meridian west; used in far western states of the United States


pos: n
definition:
the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event


pos: n
definition:
time period following childbirth when the mother's uterus shrinks and the other functional and anatomic changes of pregnancy are resolved


pos: n
definition:
a period of two years immediately prior to the onset of puberty when growth and changes leading to sexual maturity occur


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) a measure of time defined by Earth's orbital motion; terrestrial time is mean solar time corrected for the irregularities of the Earth's motions


pos: n
definition:
the particular day, month, or year (usually according to the Gregorian calendar) that an event occurred


pos: n
definition:
a major Jewish festival beginning on the eve of the 15th of Tishri and commemorating the shelter of the Israelites during their 40 years in the wilderness


pos: n
definition:
a day of rest and worship: Sunday for most Christians; Saturday for the Jews and a few Christians; Friday for Muslims


pos: n
definition:
a time period usually extending from Friday night through Sunday; more loosely defined as any period of successive days including one and only one Sunday


pos: n
definition:
a week at British universities during which side-shows and processions of floats are organized to raise money for charities


pos: n
definition:
(New Testament) day at the end of time following Armageddon when God will decree the fates of all individual humans according to the good and evil of their earthly lives


pos: n
definition:
a festival commemorating the announcement of the Incarnation by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary; a quarter day in England, Wales, and Ireland


pos: n
definition:
a Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox


pos: n
definition:
commemorates Saint Peter's miraculous deliverance from prison; a quarter day in Scotland; a harvest festival in England


pos: n
definition:
(Christianity) celebration of the Ascension of Christ into heaven; observed on the 40th day after Easter


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church and Anglican Church) feast day celebrating the circumcision of Jesus; celebrated on January 1st


pos: n
definition:
celebration in the Roman Catholic Church of the Virgin Mary's being taken up into heaven when her earthly life ended; corresponds to the Dormition in the Eastern Orthodox Church


pos: n
definition:
celebration in the Eastern Orthodox Church of the Virgin Mary's being taken up into heaven when her earthly life ended; corresponds to the Assumption in the Roman Catholic Church and is also celebrated on August 15th


pos: n
definition:
(Judaism) a Jewish festival (traditionally 8 days from Nissan 15) celebrating the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt


pos: n
definition:
(Judaism) Jewish holy day celebrated on the sixth of Sivan to celebrate Moses receiving the Ten Commandments


pos: n
definition:
(Judaism) an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem in 165 BC


pos: n
definition:
fourth Thursday in November in the United States; second Monday in October in Canada; commemorates a feast held in 1621 by the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag


pos: n
definition:
the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun


pos: n
definition:
a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity


pos: n
definition:
one of the four-year intervals between Olympic Games; used to reckon time in ancient Greece for twelve centuries beginning in 776 BC


pos: n
definition:
the time for one complete rotation of the earth relative to a particular star, about 4 minutes shorter than a mean solar day


pos: n
definition:
the first month of the civil year; the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar (in September and October)


pos: n
definition:
the second month of the civil year; the eighth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar (in October and November)


pos: n
definition:
the third month of the civil year; the ninth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar (in November and December)


pos: n
definition:
the fourth month of the civil year; the tenth month of the ecclesiastical year (in December and January)


pos: n
definition:
the fifth month of the civil year: the eleventh month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar (in January and February)


pos: n
definition:
the sixth month of the civil year; the twelfth month of the ecclesiastic year in the Jewish calendar (in February and March)


pos: n
definition:
the ninth month of the civil year; the third month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar (in May and June)


pos: n
definition:
the eleventh month of the civil year; the fifth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar (in July and August)


pos: n
definition:
the twelfth month of the civil year; the sixth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar (in August and September)


pos: n
definition:
the ninth month of the Islamic calendar; the month of fasting; the holiest period for the Islamic faith


pos: n
definition:
Hindu solar holiday at the beginning of the new astrological year when the sun enters the constellation Aries


pos: n
definition:
either of the two times of the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator


pos: n
definition:
either of two times of the year when the sun crosses the plane of the earth's equator and day and night are of equal length


pos: n
definition:
(Persian) the new year holiday in Iran and Azerbaijan and Afghanistan and Pakistan and parts of India and among the Kurds; comes at the vernal equinox


pos: n
definition:
a period of three months; especially one of the three three-month periods into which human pregnancy is divided


pos: n
definition:
(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m.


pos: n
definition:
the sixth of the seven canonical hours of the divine office; early evening; now often made a public service on Sundays


pos: n
definition:
second part of the Stone Age beginning about 750,00 to 500,000 years BC and lasting until the end of the last ice age about 8,500 years BC


pos: n
definition:
one of the natural periods into which the year is divided by the equinoxes and solstices or atmospheric conditions


pos: n
definition:
the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox


pos: n
definition:
the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox


pos: n
definition:
seventh Sunday after Easter; commemorates the emanation of the Holy Spirit to the Apostles; a quarter day in Scotland


pos: n
definition:
the era of Islam's ascendancy from the death of Mohammed until the 13th century; some Moslems still maintain that the Moslem world must always have a calif as head of the community


pos: n
definition:
one of two divisions into which some games or performances are divided: the two divisions are separated by an interval


pos: n
definition:
(cricket) the division of play during which six balls are bowled at the batsman by one player from the other team from the same end of the pitch


pos: n
definition:
the historic period from about 1600 until 1750 when the baroque style of art, architecture, and music flourished in Europe


pos: n
definition:
the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world; a cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries


pos: n
definition:
the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union; 1865-1877


pos: n
definition:
the continuous period of time during which something (a machine or a factory) operates or continues in operation


pos: n
definition:
(New Testament) in Revelations it is foretold that those faithful to Jesus will reign with Jesus over the earth for a thousand years; the meaning of these words have been much debated; some denominations (e.g. Jehovah's Witnesses) expect it to be a thousand years of justice and peace and happiness


pos: n
definition:
the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year


pos: n
definition:
the rate at which red blood cells settle out in a tube of blood under standardized conditions; a high rate usually indicates the presence of inflammation


pos: n
definition:
the rate at which the heart beats; usually measured to obtain a quick evaluation of a person's health


pos: n
definition:
(corporate finance) the amount, expressed as a percentage, that is earned on a company's total capital calculated by dividing the total capital into earnings before interest, taxes, or dividends are paid


pos: n
definition:
the speed at which light travels in a vacuum; the constancy and universality of the speed of light is recognized by defining it to be exactly 299,792,458 meters per second


pos: n
definition:
(pathology) the phase in the development of an infection between the time a pathogen enters the body and the time the first symptoms appear


pos: n
definition:
an annual phase of heightened sexual excitement in the males of certain large mammals (especially elephants); is associated with discharge from a gland between the eye and ear


pos: n
definition:
a particular point in the time of a cycle; measured from some arbitrary zero and expressed as an angle


pos: n
definition:
the period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment


pos: n
definition:
the period from 1811-1820 when the Prince of Wales was regent during George III's periods of insanity


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) an arbitrarily fixed date that is the point in time relative to which information (as coordinates of a celestial body) is recorded


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) the time it takes for a specific block of data on a data track to rotate around to the read/write head


pos: n
definition:
a trial period during which your character and abilities are tested to see whether you are suitable for work or for membership


pos: n
definition:
the period of time permitted by commercial usage for the payment of a bill of exchange (especially a foreign bill of exchange)


pos: v
definition:
undergo the biomedical and metabolic processes of respiration by taking up oxygen and producing carbon monoxide


pos: v
definition:
supply with a constant flow or sprinkling of some liquid, for the purpose of cooling, cleansing, or disinfecting


pos: v
definition:
treat the body or any part of it by wrapping it, as with blankets or sheets, and applying compresses to it, or stuffing it to provide cover, containment, or therapy, or to absorb blood


pos: v
definition:
convert (metallic mercury) into a grey powder consisting of minute globules, as by shaking with chalk or fatty oil


pos: v
definition:
become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence


pos: v
definition:
reverse the direction of (an alternating electric current) each half cycle so as to produce a unidirectional current


pos: v
definition:
flatten, stretch, or mold metal or glass, by rolling or by pulling it through a die or by stretching


pos: v
definition:
substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected)


pos: v
definition:
make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of


pos: v
definition:
put clothes in a tumbling barrel, where they are whirled about in hot air, usually with the purpose of drying


pos: v
definition:
place (flax, hemp, or jute) in liquid so as to promote loosening of the fibers from the woody tissue


pos: v
definition:
increase the effect of or act synergistically with (a drug or a physiological or biochemical phenomenon)


pos: v
definition:
to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons


pos: v
definition:
grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment


pos: v
definition:
combine or treat with or expose to hydrogen; add hydrogen to the molecule of (an unsaturated organic compound)


pos: v
definition:
change (a compound) by increasing the proportion of the electronegative part; or change (an element or ion) from a lower to a higher positive valence: remove one or more electrons from (an atom, ion, or molecule)


pos: v
definition:
crack and acquire the appearance of alligator hide, as from weathering or improper application; of paint and varnishes


pos: v
definition:
change (a bacterial cell) into a genetically distinct cell by the introduction of DNA from another cell of the same or closely related species


pos: v
definition:
amplify (an electron current) by causing part of the power in the output circuit to act upon the input circuit


pos: v
definition:
incorporate a food ingredient into a mixture by repeatedly turning it over without stirring or beating


pos: v
definition:
elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme


pos: v
definition:
denationalize and subject (a territory) to the supervision of an agency of a European community of nations


pos: v
definition:
reduce the degree of (luminescence or phosphorescence) in (excited molecules or a material) by adding a suitable substance


pos: v
definition:
selectively dissolve the surface of (a semiconductor or printed circuit) with a solvent, laser, or stream of electrons


pos: v
definition:
cause (a chemical compound, vapour, solution, magnetic material) to unite with the greatest possible amount of another substance


pos: v
definition:
reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities


pos: v
definition:
remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation


pos: v
definition:
purify by means of a ritual; also used in post-Communist countries to refer to the political cleansing of former officials


pos: v
definition:
corrupt, debase, or make impure by adding a foreign or inferior substance; often by replacing valuable ingredients with inferior ones


pos: v
definition:
measure the time or duration of an event or action or the person who performs an action in a certain period of time


pos: v
definition:
excite to some characteristic action or condition, such as motion, contraction, or nervous impulse, by the application of a stimulus


pos: v
definition:
subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition


pos: v
definition:
convert into soap by hydrolizing an ester into an acid and alcohol as a result of treating it with an alkali


pos: v
definition:
become converted into soap by being hydrolized into an acid and alcohol as a result of being treated with an alkali


pos: v
definition:
modify (as a native protein) especially by heat, acid, alkali, or ultraviolet radiation so that all of the original properties are removed or diminished


pos: v
definition:
add nonfissionable material to (fissionable material) so as to make unsuitable for use in an atomic bomb


pos: v
definition:
convert into a simple soluble fermentable sugar by hydrolyzing a sugar derivative or complex carbohydrate


pos: v
definition:
produce virilism in or cause to assume masculine characteristics, as through a hormonal imbalance or hormone therapy


pos: v
definition:
make (a material) sensitive to light, often of a particular colour, by coating it with a photographic emulsion


pos: v
definition:
make the chemically affected part of (a negative) denser or more opaque in order produce a stronger contrast between light and dark


pos: v
definition:
become professional or proceed in a professional manner or in an activity for pay or as a means of livelihood


pos: v
definition:
be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about


pos: v
definition:
be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt


pos: v
definition:
use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments


pos: v
definition:
apply quantum theory to; restrict the number of possible values of (a quantity) or states of (a physical entity or system) so that certain variables can assume only certain discrete magnitudes that are integral multiples of a common factor


pos: v
definition:
perform mathematical and logical operations on (data) according to programmed instructions in order to obtain the required information


pos: v
definition:
make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features


pos: v
definition:
distinguish (an element or atom) by using a radioactive isotope or an isotope of unusual mass for tracing through chemical reactions


pos: v
definition:
think of, regard, or classify under a subsuming principle or with a general group or in relation to another


pos: v
definition:
distribute (players or teams) so that outstanding teams or players will not meet in the early rounds


pos: v
definition:
approximate (a signal varying continuously in amplitude) by one whose amplitude is restricted to a prescribed set of discrete values


pos: v
definition:
discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state


pos: v
definition:
lose clarity or turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument in writing, thinking, or speaking


pos: v
definition:
conceal one's true motives from especially by elaborately feigning good intentions so as to gain an end


pos: v
definition:
assist (somebody acting or reciting) by suggesting the next words of something forgotten or imperfectly learned


pos: v
definition:
make an oral contract or agreement in the verbal form of question and answer that is necessary to give it legal force


pos: v
definition:
insure again by assuming all or a part of the liability of an insurance company already covering a risk


pos: v
definition:
determine the amino-acid sequence of a protein during its synthesis by using information on the messenger RNA


pos: v
definition:
talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion


pos: v
definition:
make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret


pos: v
definition:
add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing


pos: v
definition:
distribute (multimedia files) over the internet for playback on a mobile device or a personal computer


pos: v
definition:
cater to popular taste to make popular and present to the general public; bring into general or common use


pos: v
definition:
make an allegation in an action or other legal proceeding, especially answer the previous pleading of the other party by denying facts therein stated or by alleging new facts


pos: v
definition:
specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement


pos: v
definition:
give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property


pos: v
definition:
send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message


pos: v
definition:
determine (what is to happen in certain contingencies), especially by including a proviso condition or stipulation


pos: v
definition:
printing: direct that a matter marked for omission or correction is to be retained (used in the imperative)


pos: v
definition:
play the cards of (a suit) so that the last trick on which a hand can follow suit will be taken by a higher card in the hand of a partner who has the remaining cards of a combined holding


pos: v
definition:
deceive an opponent by a bold bet on an inferior hand with the result that the opponent withdraws a winning hand


pos: v
definition:
move the king two squares toward a rook and in the same move the rook to the square next past the king


pos: v
definition:
change a pawn for a better piece by advancing it to the eighth row, or change a checker piece for a more valuable piece by moving it to the row closest to your opponent


pos: v
definition:
score an extra point or points after touchdown by kicking the ball through the uprights or advancing the ball into the end zone


pos: v
definition:
attempt to forecast the winner (especially in a horse race) and assign odds for or against a contestant


pos: v
definition:
show strong objection or repugnance; manifest vigorous opposition or resistance; be obstinately disobedient


pos: v
definition:
perform a movement in military or naval tactics in order to secure an advantage in attack or defense


pos: v
definition:
march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation


pos: v
definition:
put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose


