# las_synset

pos: n
definition:
a city of southern Poland whose church contains the statue of the black Madonna which attracts many pilgrims


pos: n
definition:
a port city of northern Poland near the mouth of the Vistula River on a gulf of the Baltic Sea; a member of the Hanseatic League in the 14th century


pos: n
definition:
a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)


pos: n
definition:
a group of volcanic islands in the Atlantic Ocean to the west of Morocco; the group forms an autonomous region of Portugal


pos: n
definition:
capital and largest city and economic and cultural center of Portugal; a major port in western Portugal on Tagus River where it broadens and empties into the Atlantic


pos: n
definition:
an Arab country on the peninsula of Qatar; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1971; the economy is dominated by oil


pos: n
definition:
an island in the south Pacific; the most important island in French Polynesia; made famous by Robert Louis Stevenson and Paul Gauguin


pos: n
definition:
a group of volcanic islands in the South Pacific midway between Hawaii and Australia; its climate and scenery and Polynesian culture make it a popular tourist stop


pos: n
definition:
joint capital (with Mecca) of Saudi Arabia located in the central oasis; largest city in Saudi Arabia


pos: n
definition:
joint capital (with Riyadh) of Saudi Arabia; located in western Saudi Arabia; as the birthplace of Muhammad it is the holiest city of Islam


pos: n
definition:
an oil town in eastern Saudi Arabia on an inlet from the Persian Gulf; in June 1996 terrorists bombed an apartment complex in Dhahran killing 19 United States soldiers and wounding more than 300 people


pos: n
definition:
a central plateau region of the Arabian Peninsula; formerly an independent sultanate until 1932 when it united with Hejaz to form the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia


pos: n
definition:
a coastal region of the western Arabian Peninsula bordering on the Red Sea; includes both Mecca and Medina; formerly an independent kingdom until it united with Nejd to form the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia


pos: n
definition:
a republic in northwestern Africa on the coast of the Atlantic; formerly a French colony but achieved independence in 1960


pos: n
definition:
a country in southeastern Asia on the island of Singapore; achieved independence from Malaysia in 1965


pos: n
definition:
the northernmost islands are part of Papua New Guinea; the remainder form an independent state within the British Commonwealth


pos: n
definition:
city in the northeastern part of South Africa near Pretoria; commercial center for diamond and gold industries


pos: n
definition:
a province of northeastern South Africa originally inhabited by Africans who spoke Bantu; colonized by the Boers


pos: n
definition:
a rocky region in the southern Transvaal in northeastern South Africa; contains rich gold deposits and coal and manganese


pos: n
definition:
a large collection of African townships to the southwest of Johannesburg in South Africa; inhabited solely by Black Africans


pos: n
definition:
the medieval Russian state established by Scandinavian traders in the 9th century; the capital was first in Novgorod and then in Kiev


pos: n
definition:
a former empire in eastern Europe and northern Asia created in the 14th century with Moscow as the capital; powerful in the 17th and 18th centuries under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great when Saint Petersburg was the capital; overthrown by revolution in 1917


pos: n
definition:
a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991


pos: n
definition:
a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation


pos: n
definition:
an autonomous republic in southwestern Russia in the northern Caucasus Mountains bordering on Georgia; declared independence from the USSR in 1991 but Russian troops invaded and continue to prosecute a relentless military campaign in the largely Muslim republic


pos: n
definition:
a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state


pos: n
definition:
formerly the largest Soviet Socialist Republic in the USSR occupying eastern Europe and northern Asia


pos: n
definition:
a city in the European part of Russia; 2nd largest Russian city; located at the head of the Gulf of Finland; former capital of Russia


pos: n
definition:
a port city in northwestern Russia on the Kola Peninsula; the largest city to the north of the Arctic Circle; an important supply line to Russia in World War I and World War II


pos: n
definition:
a city in southwestern Russia in a valley of the Caucasus Mountains; an industrial center and health resort


pos: n
definition:
a city in northwestern Russia on the Volkhov River; Russia's oldest city and an important trading center in the Middle Ages


pos: n
definition:
a city in the European part of Russia on the Volga; site of German defeat in World War II in the winter of 1942-43


pos: n
definition:
a town in Belarus that was the center of the Chabad movement for a brief period during the 19th century


pos: n
definition:
a port city on the Gulf of Riga that is the capital and largest city of Latvia; formerly a member of the Hanseatic League


pos: n
definition:
a city in western Lithuania on the Baltic Sea; formerly an important trading town of the Hanseatic League


pos: n
definition:
a landlocked republic in eastern Europe; formerly a European soviet but achieved independence in 1991


pos: n
definition:
a republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian state which came into existence in the ninth century


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a region on the Black Sea to the south of the Caucasus that was the site of an ancient country where (according to Greek mythology) Jason sought the Golden Fleece


pos: n
definition:
a resort city in Crimea in the southern Ukraine on the Black Sea; site of the Allied conference between Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill in February 1945


pos: n
definition:
a landlocked republic in southwestern Asia; formerly an Asian soviet; modern Armenia is but a fragment of ancient Armenia which was one of the world's oldest civilizations; throughout 2500 years the Armenian people have been invaded and oppressed by their neighbors


pos: n
definition:
a port city on the Caspian Sea that is the capital of Azerbaijan and an important center for oil production


pos: n
definition:
an ancient geographical region to the south of the Caucasus Mountains that corresponded approximately to the present-day Georgia


pos: n
definition:
a republic in Asia Minor on the Black Sea separated from Russia by the Caucasus mountains; formerly an Asian soviet but became independent in 1991


pos: n
definition:
an autonomous province of Georgia on the Black Sea; a strong independence movement has resulted in much instability


pos: n
definition:
a landlocked republic to the south of Russia and to the northeast of the Caspian Sea; the original Turkic-speaking inhabitants were overrun by Mongols in the 13th century; an Asian soviet from 1936 to 1991


pos: n
definition:
a landlocked republic in west central Asia bordering on northwestern China; formerly an Asian soviet but became independent in 1991


pos: n
definition:
a landlocked mountainous republic in southeast central Asia to the north of Afghanistan; formerly an Asian soviet


pos: n
definition:
a republic in Asia to the east of the Caspian Sea and to the south of Kazakhstan and to the north of Iran; an Asian soviet from 1925 to 1991


pos: n
definition:
a group of mountainous islands in the Atlantic off the northwest coast of Africa forming Spanish provinces


pos: n
definition:
a city in northeastern Spain on the Mediterranean; 2nd largest Spanish city and the largest port and commercial center; has been a center for radical political beliefs


pos: n
definition:
a city in southeastern Spain that was the capital of the Moorish kingdom until it was captured by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492; site of the Alhambra (a palace and fortress built by Moors in the Middle Ages) which is now a major tourist attraction


pos: n
definition:
a city in southwestern Spain; a major port and cultural center; the capital of bullfighting in Spain


pos: n
definition:
a region of northeastern Spain; a former kingdom that united with Castile in 1479 to form Spain (after the marriage of Ferdinand V and Isabella I)


pos: n
definition:
a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479


pos: n
definition:
a Spanish island in the Atlantic off the northwestern coast of Africa; the largest of the Canary Islands


pos: n
definition:
location of a colony of the United Kingdom on a limestone promontory at the southern tip of Spain; strategically important because it can control the entrance of ships into the Mediterranean; one of the Pillars of Hercules


pos: n
definition:
a region of northern Africa to the south of the Sahara and Libyan deserts; extends from the Atlantic to the Red Sea


pos: n
definition:
a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956


pos: n
definition:
a republic in northeastern South America on the Atlantic; achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1975


pos: n
definition:
a landlocked monarchy in southeastern Africa; member of the commonwealth that achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1968


pos: n
definition:
a city in southwestern Switzerland at the western end of Lake Geneva; it is the headquarters of various international organizations


pos: n
definition:
an Asian republic in the Middle East at the east end of the Mediterranean; site of some of the world's most ancient centers of civilization


pos: n
definition:
an ancient city (widely regarded as the world's oldest) and present capital and largest city of Syria; according to the New Testament, the Apostle Paul (then known as Saul) underwent a dramatic conversion on the road to Damascus


pos: n
definition:
a country of southeastern Asia that extends southward along the Isthmus of Kra to the Malay Peninsula


pos: n
definition:
the capital and largest city and chief port of Thailand; a leading city in southeastern Asia; noted for Buddhist architecture


pos: n
definition:
a monarchy on a Polynesian archipelago in the South Pacific; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1970


pos: n
definition:
a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean coast; achieved independence from France in 1956


pos: n
definition:
a Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans; on the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, the Young Turks, led by Kemal Ataturk, established a republic in 1923


pos: n
definition:
an ancient Greek colony on the Asiatic side of the Dardanelles; scene of the legend of Hero and Leander


pos: n
definition:
the capital of Turkey; located in west-central Turkey; it was formerly known as Angora and is the home of Angora goats


pos: n
definition:
a town in southern Turkey; ancient commercial center and capital of Syria; an early center of Christianity


pos: n
definition:
the strait between the Aegean and the Sea of Marmara that separates European Turkey from Asian Turkey


pos: n
definition:
an ancient Greek city on the southwestern coast of Asia Minor in what is now Turkey; site of the mausoleum at Halicarnassus


pos: n
definition:
the largest city and former capital of Turkey; rebuilt on the site of ancient Byzantium by Constantine I in the fourth century; renamed Constantinople by Constantine who made it the capital of the Byzantine Empire; now the seat of the Eastern Orthodox Church


pos: n
definition:
an ancient Greek city located in the western part of what is now modern Turkey; the technique of preparing sheepskins as parchment was developed here


pos: n
definition:
an ancient Greek city located in the western part of what is now modern Turkey; as the capital of Lydia it was the cultural center of Asia Minor; destroyed by Tamerlane in 1402


pos: n
definition:
a town in southern Uganda on Lake Victoria; site of an international airport (where in 1976 Israeli commandos rescued hostages held aboard a plane by Palestinian hijackers)


pos: n
definition:
North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776


pos: n
definition:
the coastal plain of the South: eastern parts of Virginia and North Carolina and South Carolina and Georgia


pos: n
definition:
the plateau between the coastal plain and the Appalachian Mountains: parts of Virginia and North and South Carolina and Georgia and Alabama


pos: n
definition:
a state in the southeastern United States on the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War


pos: n
definition:
a town in central Alabama on the Alabama river; in 1965 it was the center of a drive to register Black voters


pos: n
definition:
a town in western Alaska on the southern coast of the Seward Peninsula; an important center of an Alaskan gold rush at the beginning of the 20th century


pos: n
definition:
a town in southeastern Alaska that was the capital of Russian America and served as the capital of Alaska from 1867 until 1906


pos: n
definition:
a town in southeastern Alaska at the northern end of the Inside Passage; a gateway to the Klondike during the Alaskan gold rush


pos: n
definition:
the state capital and largest city located in south central Arizona; situated in a former desert that has become a prosperous agricultural area thanks to irrigation


pos: n
definition:
a city in southeastern Arizona ringed by mountain ranges; long known as a winter and health resort but the population shift from industrial states to the Sunbelt resulted in rapid growth late in the 20th century


pos: n
definition:
a city in California on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay; site of the University of California at Berkeley


pos: n
definition:
a city in south central California in the San Joaquin Valley; center of an important agricultural area and gateway to the Sierra Nevada Mountains


pos: n
definition:
a town in western California to the south of San Francisco on a peninsula at the southern end of Monterey Bay


pos: n
definition:
a city in western California on San Francisco Bay opposite San Francisco; primarily and industrial urban center


pos: n
definition:
a city in north central California 75 miles to the northeast of San Francisco on the Sacramento River; capital of California


pos: n
definition:
the state capital and largest city of Colorado; located in central Colorado on the South Platte river


pos: n
definition:
the state capital of Connecticut; located in central Connecticut on the Connecticut river; a center of the insurance business


pos: n
definition:
the district occupied entirely by the city of Washington; chosen by George Washington as the site of the capital of the United States and created out of land ceded by Maryland and Virginia


pos: n
definition:
the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791


pos: n
definition:
a state in southeastern United States between the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War


pos: n
definition:
a city and resort in southeastern Florida on Biscayne Bay; the best known city in Florida; a haven for retirees and a refuge for Cubans fleeing Castro


pos: n
definition:
state capital and largest city of Georgia; chief commercial center of the southeastern United States; was plundered and burned by Sherman's army during the American Civil War


pos: n
definition:
largest city in Illinois; a bustling Great Lakes port that extends 26 miles along the southwestern shoreline of Lake Michigan


pos: n
definition:
the capital and largest city of Indiana; a major commercial center in the country's heartland; site of an annual 500-mile automobile race


pos: n
definition:
a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses


pos: n
definition:
the largest city in Kentucky; located in north central Kentucky on the Ohio river; site of the Kentucky Derby


pos: n
definition:
a state in southern United States on the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War


pos: n
definition:
a city in Massachusetts just to the north of Boston; site of Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology


pos: n
definition:
town in eastern Massachusetts near Boston where the first battle of the American Revolution was fought


pos: n
definition:
a town in northeastern Massachusetts on Cape Ann to the northeast of Boston; the harbor has been a fishing center for centuries


pos: n
definition:
the largest city in Michigan and a major Great Lakes port; center of the United States automobile industry; located in southeastern Michigan on the Detroit river across from Windsor


pos: n
definition:
largest city in Minnesota; located in southeastern Minnesota on the Mississippi river; noted for flour mills; one of the Twin Cities


pos: n
definition:
a state in the Deep South on the gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate States during the American Civil War


pos: n
definition:
a town in western Mississippi on bluffs above the Mississippi River to the west of Jackson; focus of an important campaign during the American Civil War as the Union fought to control the Mississippi River and so to cut the Confederacy into two halves


pos: n
definition:
a midwestern state in central United States; a border state during the American Civil War, Missouri was admitted to the Confederacy without actually seceding from the Union


pos: n
definition:
capital of the state of Nebraska; located in southeastern Nebraska; site of the University of Nebraska


pos: n
definition:
largest city in Nebraska; located in eastern Nebraska on the Missouri river; a major transportation center of the Midwest


pos: n
definition:
a city in western Nevada at the foot of the Sierra Nevada Mountains; known for gambling casinos and easy divorce and remarriage


pos: n
definition:
capital of the state of New Hampshire; located in south central New Hampshire on the Merrimack river


pos: n
definition:
a district in southwestern Manhattan noted for its shops and restaurants and galleries and artist's lofts


pos: n
definition:
a mainly residential district of Manhattan; `the Village' became a home for many writers and artists in the 20th century


pos: n
definition:
capital of the state of North Dakota; located in south central North Dakota overlooking the Missouri river


pos: n
definition:
a major city of northeastern Oklahoma on the Arkansas river; once known as the oil capital of the world and still heavily involved in the oil and gas industries


pos: n
definition:
freshwater port and largest city in Oregon; located in northwestern Oregon on the Willamette River which divides the city into east and west sections; renowned for its beautiful natural setting among the mountains


pos: n
definition:
a town in eastern Pennsylvania on the Lehigh River to the northwest of Philadelphia; an important center for steel production


pos: n
definition:
the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania


pos: n
definition:
a city in southwestern Pennsylvania where the confluence of the Allegheny River and Monongahela River forms the Ohio River; long an important urban industrial area; site of Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh


pos: n
definition:
the capital and largest city of Rhode Island; located in northeastern Rhode Island on Narragansett Bay; site of Brown University


pos: n
definition:
a resort city in southeastern Rhode Island; known for the summer homes of millionaires; important yachting center


pos: n
definition:
largest city of Tennessee; located in southwestern Tennessee on bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River


pos: n
definition:
capital of the state of Tennessee; located in the north central part of the state on the Cumberland River; known for country music


pos: n
definition:
a city in southern Texas on the Rio Grande near its mouth into the Gulf of Mexico; has a channel that accommodates oceangoing ships


pos: n
definition:
a large commercial and industrial city in northeastern Texas located in the heart of the northern Texas oil fields


pos: n
definition:
the largest city in Texas; located in southeastern Texas near the Gulf of Mexico; site of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration


pos: n
definition:
the largest city in Vermont; located in northwestern Vermont on Lake Champlain; site of the University of Vermont


pos: n
definition:
a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War


pos: n
definition:
capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War


pos: n
definition:
a former village on the James River in Virginia to the north of Norfolk; site of the first permanent English settlement in America in 1607


pos: n
definition:
port city located in southeastern Virginia on the Elizabeth River at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay; headquarters of the Atlantic fleet of the United States Navy


pos: n
definition:
a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War


pos: n
definition:
a historic village in southeastern Virginia to the north of Newport News; site of the last battle of the American Revolution


pos: n
definition:
a major port of entry and the largest city in Washington; located in west central Washington on the protected waters of Puget Sound with the snow-capped peaks of the Cascade Range and Mount Ranier visible to the south and east; an aerospace and computer center; site of the University of Washington


pos: n
definition:
a city in northern West Virginia on the Monongahela river near the Pennsylvania border; site of the University of West Virginia


pos: n
definition:
capital of the state of Wisconsin; located in the southern part of state; site of the main branch of the University of Wisconsin


pos: n
definition:
largest city of Wisconsin; located in southeastern Wisconsin on the western shore of Lake Michigan; a flourishing agricultural center known for its breweries


pos: n
definition:
a state in the western United States; mountainous in the west and north with the Great Plains in the east


pos: n
definition:
a South American republic on the southeast coast of South America; achieved independence from Brazil in 1825


pos: n
definition:
the capital and largest city of Uruguay; a cosmopolitan city and one of the busiest ports in South America


pos: n
definition:
a republic in northern South America on the Caribbean; achieved independence from Spain in 1811; rich in oil


pos: n
definition:
a port city in northeastern Venezuela on the Caribbean Sea; founded in 1523, it is the oldest European settlement in South America


pos: n
definition:
an important port of Yemen; located on the Gulf of Aden; its strategic location has made it a major trading center of southern Arabia since ancient times


pos: n
definition:
a republic in central Africa; formerly controlled by Great Britain and called Northern Rhodesia until it gained independence within the commonwealth in 1964


pos: n
definition:
ancient region and Roman province on the Iberian Peninsula; corresponds roughly to modern Portugal and parts of Spain


pos: n
definition:
a region of central Europe rich in deposits of coal and iron ore; annexed by Prussia in 1742 but now largely in Poland


pos: n
definition:
a landlocked republic in south central Africa formerly called Rhodesia; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1980


pos: n
definition:
an extinct volcano in southern Mexico between Mexico City and Veracruz; the highest peak in Mexico (18,695 feet)


pos: n
definition:
an extinct volcano in south central Honshu that is the highest peak in Japan; last erupted in 1707; famous for its symmetrical snow-capped peak; a sacred mountain and site for pilgrimages


pos: n
definition:
a small volcanic island in Indonesia between Java and Sumatra; its violent eruption in 1883 was the greatest in recorded history


pos: n
definition:
an ancient area of Eurasia extending from the Black Sea to the Aral Sea that was populated by Scythians from the eighth to the fourth century BC


pos: n
definition:
a volcano in southwestern Italy on the Mediterranean coast; a Plinian eruption in 79 AD buried Pompeii and killed Pliny the Elder; last erupted in 1944


pos: n
definition:
the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase `the whys and wherefores'


pos: n
definition:
obsession with a particular word which the person uses repeatedly or which intrudes into consciousness


pos: n
definition:
motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions


pos: n
definition:
(psychoanalysis) a lack of cathexis; a condition in which significant objects or memories arouse no emotion in an individual


pos: n
definition:
a bottomless gulf or pit; any unfathomable (or apparently unfathomable) cavity or chasm or void extending below (often used figuratively)


pos: n
definition:
the highest mountain in the western hemisphere; located in the Andes in western Argentina (22,834 feet high)


pos: n
definition:
an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west


pos: n
definition:
an arm of the Mediterranean between Greece and Turkey; a main trade route for the ancient civilizations of Crete and Greece and Rome and Persia


pos: n
definition:
a creek emptying into the Hellespont in present-day Turkey; at its mouth in 405 BC the Spartan fleet under Lysander defeated the Athenians and ended the Peloponnesian War


pos: n
definition:
the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean


pos: n
definition:
a river in Alabama formed by the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers near Montgomery; flows southwestward to become a tributary of the Mobile River


pos: n
definition:
the western part of the Appalachian Mountains; extending from northern Pennsylvania to southwestern Virginia


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in Pennsylvania and flows north into New York and then back south through Pennsylvania again to join the Monongahela River at Pittsburgh which is the beginning of the Ohio River


pos: n
definition:
a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction


pos: n
definition:
a major South American river; arises in the Andes and flows eastward into the South Atlantic; the world's 2nd longest river (4000 miles)


pos: n
definition:
a constellation in the northern hemisphere between Cassiopeia and Pegasus; contains the Andromeda galaxy


pos: n
definition:
a river in southeastern Siberia that flows northwest from Lake Baikal to become a tributary of the Yenisei River


pos: n
definition:
an extremely cold continent at the south pole almost entirely below the Antarctic Circle; covered by an ice cap up to 13,000 feet deep


pos: n
definition:
a particle that has the same mass as another particle but has opposite values for its other properties; interaction of a particle and its antiparticle results in annihilation and the production of radiant energy


pos: n
definition:
a river in northwestern Florida formed by the confluence of the Chattahoochee River and the Flint River at the Florida border


pos: n
definition:
a mountain range in the eastern United States extending from Quebec to the Gulf of Mexico; a historic barrier to early westward expansion of the United States


pos: n
definition:
a river in central Brazil that flows generally northward (with many falls) to join the Tocantins River


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in northeastern Turkey (near the source of the Euphrates) and flows generally eastward through Armenia to the Caspian Sea; ancient name was Araxes


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in northern Colombia and flows generally eastward to the Orinoco in central Venezuela


pos: n
definition:
the 4th brightest star and the brightest star in the constellation Bootes; 36 light-years from Earth


pos: n
definition:
formerly a large constellation in the southern hemisphere between Canis Major and the Southern Cross; now divided into Carina and Pyxis and Puppis and Vela


pos: n
definition:
a river in eastern Asia that arises in China and flows northeast along the border between China and Russia to become a tributary of the Amur River


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and flows southeast through Kansas and Oklahoma and through Arkansas to become a tributary of the Mississippi River


pos: n
definition:
a river in central Italy rising in the Apennines and flowing through Florence and Pisa to the Ligurian Sea


pos: n
definition:
the largest continent with 60% of the earth's population; it is joined to Europe on the west to form Eurasia; it is the site of some of the world's earliest civilizations


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous small celestial bodies composed of rock and metal that move around the sun (mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter)


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definition:
the 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east


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definition:
a conspicuous constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Great Bear and Orion at edge of Milky Way


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definition:
a river in southwestern England rising in Gloucestershire and flowing through Bristol to empty into the estuary of the Severn


pos: n
definition:
a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force


pos: n
definition:
any of the elementary particles having a mass equal to or greater than that of a proton and that participate in strong interactions; a hadron with a baryon number of +1


pos: n
definition:
a structure of small hexagonal cells constructed from beeswax by bees and used to store honey and larvae


pos: n
definition:
wet spongy ground of decomposing vegetation; has poorer drainage than a swamp; soil is unfit for cultivation but can be cut and dried and used for fuel


pos: n
definition:
any particle that obeys Bose-Einstein statistics but not the Pauli exclusion principle; all nuclei with an even mass number are bosons


pos: n
definition:
a strait connecting the Mediterranean and the Black Sea; separates the European and Asian parts of Turkey; an important shipping route


pos: n
definition:
a hard lump produced by the concretion of mineral salts; found in hollow organs or ducts of the body


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definition:
a river in southern Florida that flows westerly to the Gulf of Mexico; forms the western end of the Cross-Florida Waterway


pos: n
definition:
a river rising in northeastern New Mexico and flowing eastward across the Texas panhandle to become a tributary of the Arkansas River in Oklahoma


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definition:
(astronomy) an indistinct surface feature of Mars once thought to be a system of channels; they are now believed to be an optical illusion


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definition:
a mountain range in central Europe that extends from Slovakia and southern Poland southeastward through western Ukraine to northeastern Romania; a popular resort area


pos: n
definition:
a mountain range in the northwestern United States extending through Washington and Oregon and northern California; a part of the Coast Range


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definition:
a large saltwater lake between Iran and Russia fed by the Volga River; the largest inland body of water in the world


pos: n
definition:
a range of the Appalachians to the west of the Hudson in southeastern New York; includes many popular resort areas


pos: n
definition:
the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia


pos: n
definition:
a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea


pos: n
definition:
a deep and relatively narrow body of water (as in a river or a harbor or a strait linking two larger bodies) that allows the best passage for vessels


pos: n
definition:
a river in eastern Massachusetts that empties into Boston Harbor and that separates Cambridge from Boston


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definition:
a river rising in northern Georgia and flowing southwest and south to join the Flint River at the Florida border where they form the Apalachicola River


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definition:
an asteroid discovered in 1977; it is unique in having an orbit lying mainly between the orbits of Saturn and Uranus


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definition:
a gaseous layer of the sun's atmosphere (extending from the photosphere to the corona) that is visible during a total eclipse of the sun


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in northeastern New Mexico and flows eastward into Oklahoma where it becomes a tributary of the Arkansas River


pos: n
definition:
a cloud at a high altitude consisting of a series of regularly arranged small clouds resembling ripples


pos: n
definition:
a river in western Scotland that flows from the southern uplands into the Firth of Clyde; navigable by oceangoing vessels as far as Glasgow


pos: n
definition:
an important river in the southwestern United States; rises in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado and flows southwest through Utah into Arizona (where it flows through the Grand Canyon) and then southward through the southern tip of Nevada, then forming the border between California and Arizona and finally into Mexico where it empties into the Gulf of California; the main source of water in the southwestern United States


pos: n
definition:
a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) the luminous cloud of particles surrounding the frozen nucleus of a comet; forms as the comet approaches the sun and is warmed


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit


pos: n
definition:
a river in the northeastern United States; flows south from northern New Hampshire along the border between New Hampshire and Vermont and through Massachusetts and Connecticut where it empties into Long Island Sound


pos: n
definition:
a lake in southeastern Germany on the northern side of the Swiss Alps; forms part of the Rhine River


pos: n
definition:
an artificial cloud created by an aircraft; caused either by condensation due to the reduction in air pressure above the wing surface or by water vapor in the engine exhaust


pos: n
definition:
river that rises in northwestern Georgia and flows southwest through eastern Alabama to join the Tallapoosa River near Montgomery and form the Alabama River


pos: n
definition:
the part of a continent that is stable and forms the central mass of the continent; typically Precambrian


pos: n
definition:
a rock formed by the solidification of a substance; has regularly repeating internal structure; external plane faces


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous minute rudimentary crystalline bodies of unknown composition found in glassy igneous rock


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in southeastern Kentucky and flows westward through northern Tennessee to become a tributary of the Ohio River in southwestern Kentucky


pos: n
definition:
a constellation in the northern hemisphere between Pegasus and Draco in the Milky Way; contains a black hole


pos: n
definition:
small scales from animal skins or hair or bird feathers that can cause allergic reactions in some people


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in the Catskills in southeastern New York and flows southward along the border of Pennsylvania with New York and New Jersey to northern Delaware where it empties into Delaware Bay


pos: n
definition:
a low triangular area of alluvial deposits where a river divides before entering a larger body of water


pos: n
definition:
the nucleus of deuterium; consists of one proton and one neutron; used as a bombarding particle in accelerators


pos: n
definition:
a domed rock formation where a core of rock has moved upward and pierced through the more brittle overlying strata


pos: n
definition:
(golf) the cavity left when a piece of turf is cut from the ground by the club head in making a stroke


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in Russia near Smolensk and flowing south through Belarus and Ukraine to empty into the Black Sea


pos: n
definition:
a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Reticulum and Pictor; contains most of the Large Magellanic Cloud


pos: n
definition:
a faint constellation twisting around the north celestial pole and lying between Ursa Major and Cepheus


pos: n
definition:
a river in central Europe that arises in northwestern Czechoslovakia and flows northward through Germany to empty into the North Sea


pos: n
definition:
(geology) a long winding ridge of post glacial gravel and other sediment; deposited by meltwater from glaciers or ice sheets


pos: n
definition:
a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several great civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia


pos: n
definition:
the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles


pos: n
definition:
a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal; the highest mountain peak in the world (29,028 feet high)


pos: n
definition:
a shallow salt lake in south central Australia about 35 feet below sea level; the largest lake in the country and the lowest point on the continent


pos: n
definition:
(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other


pos: n
definition:
a river in western Georgia that flows generally south to join the Chattahoochee River at the Florida border where they form the Apalachicola River


pos: n
definition:
any inanimate object (as a towel or money or clothing or dishes or books or toys etc.) that can transmit infectious agents from one person to another


pos: n
definition:
the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil


pos: n
definition:
an Asian river; rises in the Himalayas and flows east into the Bay of Bengal; a sacred river of the Hindus


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in western New Mexico and flows westward through southern Arizona to become a tributary of the Colorado River


pos: n
definition:
a hypothetical continent that (according to plate tectonic theory) broke up later into India and Australia and Africa and South America and Antarctica


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in western Wyoming and flows southward through Utah to become a tributary of the Colorado River


pos: n
definition:
a compact mass of hair that forms in the alimentary canal (especially in the stomach of animals as a result of licking fur)


pos: n
definition:
a ring of atoms of more than one kind; especially a ring of carbon atoms containing at least one atom that is not carbon


pos: n
definition:
a mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet; this range contains the world's highest mountain


pos: n
definition:
a ridge of the earth's crust that has been forced upward between two faults and so is higher than the surrounding land


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in western Massachusetts and flows south through Connecticut to empty into Long Island Sound


pos: n
definition:
a New York river; flows southward into New York Bay; explored by Henry Hudson early in the 17th century


pos: n
definition:
a long faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near the equator stretching between Virgo and Cancer


pos: n
definition:
a mass of ice and snow that permanently covers a large area of land (e.g., the polar regions or a mountain peak)


pos: n
definition:
a shallow lake in northwestern Netherlands created in 1932 by building a dam across the entrance to the Zuider Zee


pos: n
definition:
an Asian river that rises in Tibet and flows through northern India and then southwest through Kashmir and Pakistan to the Arabian Sea


pos: n
definition:
a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative); an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electrons


pos: n
definition:
the main river of Myanmar rising in the north and flowing south through the length of Burma to empty into the Andaman Sea


pos: n
definition:
an Asian river that rises in the Altai Mountains in northern China and flows generally northwest to become a tributary of the Ob River


pos: n
definition:
the largest planet and the 5th from the sun; has many satellites and is one of the brightest objects in the night sky


pos: n
definition:
a mountain peak in the Karakoram Range in northern Kashmir; the 2nd highest peak in the world (28,250 feet high)


pos: n
definition:
a river of southwestern Africa that rises in central Angola and flows east and then north (forming part of the border between Angola and Congo) and continuing northwest through Congo to empty into the Congo River on the border between Congo and Republic of the Congo


pos: n
definition:
a strait of the North Sea between Jutland and Sweden; connects with the North Sea through the Skagerrak


pos: n
definition:
(geology) a hollow (typically filled by a lake) that results from the melting of a mass of ice trapped in glacial deposits


pos: n
definition:
an island off southern Alaska in the Gulf of Alaska; site of the first European settlement in the area which was founded by the Russians in 1784


pos: n
definition:
any of many minor planets in the Kuiper belt outside the orbit of Neptune at the edge of the solar system


pos: n
definition:
a lake in northeastern New York, northwestern Vermont and southern Quebec; site of many battles in the French and Indian War and in the American Revolution and in the War of 1812


pos: n
definition:
the 4th largest of the Great Lakes; it is linked to the Hudson River by the New York State Barge Canal


pos: n
definition:
a lake in northwestern Russia to the north of St. Petersburg; the largest lake in Europe; drains through the Neva River into the Gulf of Finland


pos: n
definition:
the 3rd largest of the Great Lakes; the largest freshwater lake entirely within the United States borders


pos: n
definition:
material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with reference to its quality or use)


pos: n
definition:
a hypothetical continent that (according to plate tectonic theory) broke up later into North America and Europe and Asia


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a river in Hades; the souls of the dead had to drink from it, which made them forget all they had done and suffered when they were alive


pos: n
definition:
a mountain peak in the St. Elias Range in the southwestern Yukon Territory in Canada (19,850 feet high)


pos: n
definition:
the longest French river; rises in the Massif Central and flows north and west to the Atlantic Ocean


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in the Andes mountains in southwestern Colombia and flows generally northward to empty into the Caribbean Sea at Barranquilla


pos: n
definition:
an inland sea in northwestern Turkey; linked to the Black Sea by the Bosporus and linked to the Aegean by the Dardanelles


pos: n
definition:
a small reddish planet that is the 4th from the sun and is periodically visible to the naked eye; minerals rich in iron cover its surface and are responsible for its characteristic color


pos: n
definition:
a mountain in the Alps on the border between Switzerland and Italy (14,780 feet high); noted for its distinctive shape


pos: n
definition:
a faint constellation in the polar region of the southern hemisphere and containing part of the Large Magellanic Cloud


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in south central New Hampshire and flows through Concord and Manchester into Massachusetts and empties into the Atlantic Ocean


pos: n
definition:
an elementary particle responsible for the forces in the atomic nucleus; a hadron with a baryon number of 0


pos: n
definition:
an electrically charged particle built up from polymeric molecules or ions and occurring in certain colloidal electrolytic solutions like soaps and detergents


pos: n
definition:
a meteorite or meteoroid so small that it drifts down to earth without becoming intensely heated in the atmosphere


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in the Rockies in northwestern Montana and flows eastward to become a tributary of the Missouri River


pos: n
definition:
a major North American river and the chief river of the United States; rises in northern Minnesota and flows southward into the Gulf of Mexico


pos: n
definition:
the longest river in the United States; arises in Montana and flows southeastward to become a tributary of the Mississippi at Saint Louis


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in northern West Virginia and flows north into Pennsylvania where it joins the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh to form the Ohio River


pos: n
definition:
an elementary particle with a negative charge and a half-life of 2 microsecond; decays to electron and neutrino and antineutrino


pos: n
definition:
a small constellation in the polar region of the southern hemisphere near the Southern Cross and Chamaeleon


pos: n
definition:
any agent (physical or environmental) that can induce a genetic mutation or can increase the rate of mutation


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in eastern Kansas and flows eastward into Oklahoma to become a tributary of the Arkansas River


pos: n
definition:
a giant planet with a ring of ice particles; the 8th planet from the sun is the most remote of the gas giants


pos: n
definition:
an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton; enters into the structure of the atomic nucleus


pos: n
definition:
the world's longest river (4150 miles); flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization


pos: n
definition:
(mineralogy) a small rounded lump of mineral substance (usually harder than the surrounding rock or sediment)


pos: n
definition:
a star that ejects some of its material in the form of a cloud and become more luminous in the process


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail


pos: n
definition:
a major river of western Siberia; flows generally northward and westward to the Gulf of Ob and the Kara Sea


pos: n
definition:
a river that is formed in western Pennsylvania and flows westward to become a tributary of the Mississippi River


pos: n
definition:
a mountain peak in northeast Greece near the Aegean coast; believed by ancient Greeks to be the dwelling place of the gods (9,570 feet high)


pos: n
definition:
a river in southeastern Canada that flows along the boundary between Quebec and Ontario to the Saint Lawrence River near Montreal


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in western Arkansas and flows southeast into eastern Louisiana to become a tributary of the Red River


pos: n
definition:
a river in northeastern England that flows generally southeastward to join the Trent River and form the Humber


pos: n
definition:
an area of low mountains in northwestern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma


pos: n
definition:
a layer in the stratosphere (at approximately 20 miles) that contains a concentration of ozone sufficient to block most ultraviolet radiation from the sun


pos: n
definition:
(plate tectonics) a hypothetical continent including all the landmass of the earth prior to the Triassic period when it split into Laurasia and Gondwanaland


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a mountain in central Greece where (according to Greek mythology) the Muses lived; known as the mythological home of music and poetry


pos: n
definition:
the location in a range of mountains of a geological formation that is lower than the surrounding peaks


pos: n
definition:
a more or less level land surface representing an advanced stage of erosion undisturbed by crustal movements


pos: n
definition:
a conspicuous constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Auriga and Cassiopeia and crossed by the Milky Way


pos: n
definition:
a rock created by petrifaction; an organic object infiltrated with mineral matter and preserved in its original form


pos: n
definition:
a meson involved in holding the nucleus together; produced as the result of high-energy particle collision


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto in order of their proximity to the sun; viewed from the constellation Hercules, all the planets rotate around the sun in a counterclockwise direction


pos: n
definition:
one of many small solid celestial bodies thought to have existed at an early stage in the development of the solar system


pos: n
definition:
a small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication


pos: n
definition:
a small planet and the farthest known planet from the sun; it has the most elliptical orbit of all the planets


pos: n
definition:
the brightest star in Ursa Minor; at the end of the handle of the Little Dipper; the northern axis of the earth points toward it


pos: n
definition:
an elementary particle with positive charge; interaction of a positron and an electron results in annihilation


pos: n
definition:
a river in the east central United States; rises in West Virginia in the Appalachian Mountains and flows eastward, forming the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, to the Chesapeake Bay


pos: n
definition:
(microbiology) an infectious protein particle similar to a virus but lacking nucleic acid; thought to be the agent responsible for scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the nervous system


pos: n
definition:
(microbiology) a hypothetical infectious particle thought to be the cause of scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system; consists of nucleic acid in a protective coat of host cell proteins


pos: n
definition:
a degenerate neutron star; small and extremely dense; rotates very fast and emits regular pulses of polarized radiation


pos: n
definition:
a constellation in the southern hemisphere between Vela and Canis Major that shaped like the stern of a boat


pos: n
definition:
(physics) hypothetical truly fundamental particle in mesons and baryons; there are supposed to be six flavors of quarks (and their antiquarks), which come in pairs; each has an electric charge of +2/3 or -1/3


pos: n
definition:
a starlike object that may send out radio waves and other forms of energy; many have large red shifts


pos: n
definition:
a tributary of the Mississippi River that flows eastward from Texas along the southern boundary of Oklahoma and through Louisiana


pos: n
definition:
a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas


pos: n
definition:
anything (a person or animal or plant or substance) in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies


pos: n
definition:
a major European river carrying more traffic than any other river in the world; flows into the North Sea


pos: n
definition:
the chief mountain range of western North America; extends from British Columbia to northern New Mexico; forms the continental divide


pos: n
definition:
a mountain in the Black Hills of South Dakota; the likenesses of Washington and Jefferson and Lincoln and Roosevelt are carved on it


pos: n
definition:
a small constellation in the northern hemisphere between Cygnus and Aquila and crossed by the Milky Way


pos: n
definition:
a shallow basin in a desert region; contains salt and gypsum that was deposited by an evaporated salt lake


pos: n
definition:
a river in western Europe that rises in northern France and flows generally east into Belgium where it joins the Meuse at Namur


pos: n
definition:
a river in eastern France; rises in Lorraine and flows south to become the chief tributary of the Rhone


pos: n
definition:
a giant planet that is surrounded by three planar concentric rings of ice particles; the 6th planet from the sun


pos: n
definition:
(geology) flat elevated land with poor soil and little vegetation that is scarred by dry channels of glacial origin (especially in eastern Washington)


pos: n
definition:
a planetoid of rock and ice about three-quarters the size of Pluto discovered in 2003; the most distant object known to orbit around the sun


pos: n
definition:
a constellation in the equatorial region of the northern hemisphere near Ophiuchus and Corona Borealis


pos: n
definition:
(geology) a flat (usually horizontal) mass of igneous rock between two layers of older sedimentary rock


pos: n
definition:
a mountain peak in the southern Sinai Peninsula (7,500 feet high); it is believed to be the peak on which Moses received the Ten Commandments


pos: n
definition:
a depression in the ground communicating with a subterranean passage (especially in limestone) and formed by solution or by collapse of a cavern roof


pos: n
definition:
a tributary of the Columbia River that rises in Wyoming and flows westward; discovered in 1805 by the Lewis and Clark Expedition


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior


pos: n
definition:
a quark with an electric charge of -1/3 and a mass 988 times that of an electron and a strangeness of -1


pos: n
definition:
(cosmology) a hypothetical one-dimensional subatomic particle having a concentration of energy and the dynamic properties of a flexible loop


pos: n
definition:
a river in the northeastern United States that rises in New York and flows southward through Pennsylvania and Maryland into Chesapeake Bay


pos: n
definition:
low land that is seasonally flooded; has more woody plants than a marsh and better drainage than a bog


pos: n
definition:
river that rises in northwestern Georgia and flows southwest through central Alabama to join the Coosa River near Montgomery and form the Alabama River


pos: n
definition:
a river formed by the confluence of two other rivers near Knoxville; it follows a U-shaped course to become a tributary of the Ohio River in western Kentucky


pos: n
definition:
any agent that interferes with normal embryonic development: alcohol or thalidomide or X-rays or rubella are examples


pos: n
definition:
a rounded projecting mass of a cumulus cloud with shining edges; often appears before a thunderstorm


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in northeastern Mississippi and flows southward through western Alabama to join the Alabama River and form the Mobile River


pos: n
definition:
a river in central England that flows generally northeastward to join with the Ouse River and form the Humber


pos: n
definition:
a large faint constellation in the southern hemisphere containing most of the Small Magellanic Cloud


pos: n
definition:
a mountain range in western Russia extending from the Arctic to the Caspian Sea; forms part of the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia


pos: n
definition:
a giant planet with a ring of ice particles; the 7th planet from the sun has a blue-green color and many satellites


pos: n
definition:
a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt


pos: n
definition:
the second nearest planet to the sun; it is peculiar in that its rotation is slow and retrograde (in the opposite sense of the Earth and all other planets except Uranus); it is visible from Earth as an early `morning star' or an `evening star'


pos: n
definition:
gully or streambed in northern Africa and the Middle East that remains dry except during rainy season


pos: n
definition:
a hypothetical subatomic particle of large mass that interacts weakly with ordinary matter through gravitation; postulated as a constituent of the dark matter of the universe


pos: n
definition:
a tributary of the Mississippi River that flows southeastward through northern Arkansas and southern Missouri


pos: n
definition:
a wooded region in northeastern Virginia near Spotsylvania where bloody but inconclusive battles were fought in the American Civil War


pos: n
definition:
river in eastern Asia; rises in North Korea and flows southwest to Korea Bay (forming part of the border between North Korea and China)


pos: n
definition:
a river that rises in west central Mississippi and flows southwest to empty into the Mississippi River above Vicksburg


pos: n
definition:
a Russian river in Siberia; rises in mountains near the Mongolian border and flows generally northward into the Kara Sea


pos: n
definition:
a series of waterfalls in Yosemite National Park in California; is reduced to a trickle for part of each year


pos: n
definition:
a North American river that flows westward from the Yukon Territory through central Alaska to the Bering Sea


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the mythical Greek king who for 30 years did not clean his stables which contained his vast herd of cattle


pos: n
definition:
(Hindu mythology) the warrior prince in the Bhagavad-Gita to whom Krishna explains the nature of being and of God and how humans can come to know God


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a sea nymph transformed into a sea monster who lived on one side of a narrow strait; drowned and devoured sailors who tried to escape Charybdis (a whirlpool) on the other side of the strait


pos: n
definition:
the mythical Greek warrior with an unusually loud voice who died after losing a shouting contest with Hermes


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the ferryman who brought the souls of the dead across the river Styx or the river Acheron to Hades


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) fire-breathing female monster with a lion's head and a goat's body and a serpent's tail; daughter of Typhon


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the learned centaur who tutored Achilles, Asclepius, Hercules, Jason, and other heroes


pos: n
definition:
a creature of Teutonic mythology; usually represented as breathing fire and having a reptilian body and sometimes wings


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a Trojan boy who was so beautiful that Zeus carried him away to serve as cupbearer to the gods


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) any of three winged sister monsters and the mortal Medusa who had live snakes for hair; a glance at Medusa turned the beholder to stone


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) one of three sisters who were the givers of beauty and charm; a favorite subject for sculptors


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) one of a people that the ancient Greeks believed lived in a warm and sunny land north of the source of the north wind


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the daughter of Tantalus whose boasting about her children provoked Apollo and Artemis to slay them all; Niobe was turned to stone while bewailing her loss


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the son of Zeus who slew Medusa (with the help of Athena and Hermes) and rescued Andromeda from a sea monster


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) an Ethiopian princess and daughter of Cassiopeia; she was fastened to a rock and exposed to a sea monster that was sent by Poseidon, but she was rescued by Perseus and became his wife


pos: n
definition:
a mythical monster having the head of man (with horns) and the body of a lion and the tail of a scorpion


pos: n
definition:
(Greek legend) the greedy king of Phrygia who Dionysus gave the power to turn everything he touched into gold


pos: n
definition:
(Greek legend) a king in ancient Greece who offended Zeus and whose punishment was to roll a huge boulder to the top of a steep hill; each time the boulder neared the top it rolled back down and Sisyphus was forced to start again


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a mythical monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man; slain by Theseus


pos: n
definition:
(German mythology) any of the race of dwarfs who possessed a treasure hoard that was stolen by Siegfried


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a mythical hero of Corinth who performed miracles on the winged horse Pegasus (especially killing the monster Chimera)


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the prince of Troy who abducted Helen from her husband Menelaus and provoked the Trojan War


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a friend of Achilles who was killed in the Trojan War; his death led Achilles to return to the fight after his quarrel with Agamemnon


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the immortal winged horse that sprang from the blood of the slain Medusa; was tamed by Bellerophon with the help of a bridle given him by Athena; as the flying horse of the Muses it is a symbol of highflying imagination


pos: n
definition:
a legendary Arabian bird said to periodically burn itself to death and emerge from the ashes as a new phoenix; according to most versions only one phoenix lived at a time and it renewed itself every 500 years


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a son of Zeus who became king of Lycia; fought on behalf of the Trojans in the Trojan War and was killed by Patroclus


pos: n
definition:
(German mythology) mythical German warrior hero of the Nibelungenlied who takes possession of the accursed treasure of the Nibelungs by slaying the dragon that guards it and awakens Brynhild and is eventually killed; Sigurd is the Norse counterpart


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) mythical Norse warrior hero who gains an accursed hoard of gold and was killed by Brynhild; Siegfried is the German counterpart


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a riddling winged monster with a woman's head and breast on a lion's body; daughter of Typhon


pos: n
definition:
(Scandanavian folklore) a supernatural creature (either a dwarf or a giant) that is supposed to live in caves or in the mountains


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) son of Gaea and Tartarus who created the whirlwinds; had a terrifying voice and 100 dragon heads that spurted fire


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a monster with a hundred heads who breathed out flames; son of Typhoeus and father of Cerberus and the Chimera and the Sphinx


pos: n
definition:
a fire-breathing dragon used in medieval heraldry; had the head of a dragon and the tail of a snake and a body with wings and two legs


pos: n
definition:
any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force


pos: n
definition:
(classical mythology) the hideous snake-haired monsters (usually three in number) who pursued unpunished criminals


pos: n
definition:
Celtic goddess of fire and fertility and agriculture and household arts and wisdom; later associated with Saint Bridget


pos: n
definition:
Egyptian god of tombs and ruler of the underworld; usually depicted as a man with the head of a jackal


pos: n
definition:
ancient Egyptian sun god with the head of a hawk; a universal creator; he merged with the god Amen as Amen-Ra to become the king of the gods


pos: n
definition:
evil Egyptian god with the head of a beast that has high square ears and a long snout; brother and murderer of Osiris


pos: n
definition:
Egyptian Moon deity with the head of an ibis; god of wisdom and learning and the arts; scribe of the gods


pos: n
definition:
the Babylonian father of the gods; identified with Assyrian Ashur; in Sumerian the name signifies `the totality of the upper world'


pos: n
definition:
Babylonian and Assyrian goddess of love and fertility and war; counterpart to the Phoenician Astarte


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous local fertility and nature deities worshipped by ancient Semitic peoples; the Hebrews considered Baal a false god


pos: n
definition:
Babylonian god of the earth; one of the supreme triad including Anu and Ea; earlier identified with En-lil


pos: n
definition:
the Babylonian god of wisdom; son of Apsu and father of Marduk; counterpart of the Sumerian Enki; as one of the supreme triad including Anu and Bel he was assigned control of the watery element


pos: n
definition:
a demon personifying death; messenger of the underworld goddess Ereshkigal bringing death to mankind


pos: n
definition:
a solar deity; firstborn of Bel and consort was Gula; god of war and the chase and agriculture; sometimes identified with biblical Nimrod


pos: n
definition:
the chief sun god; drives away winter and storms and brightens the earth with greenery; drives away evil and brings justice and compassion


pos: n
definition:
(Sanskrit) Hindu god of fire in ancient and traditional India; one of the three chief deities of the Vedas


pos: n
definition:
Hindu mother goddess; supreme power in the universe; wife or embodiment of the female energy of Siva having both beneficent and malevolent forms or aspects


pos: n
definition:
basic principles of the cosmos; also: an ancient sage in Hindu mythology worshipped as a god by some lower castes


pos: n
definition:
Hindu god of friendship and alliances; usually invoked together with Varuna as a supporter of heaven and earth


pos: n
definition:
an important god of later Hinduism; the sun god or the sun itself worshipped as the source of warmth and light


pos: n
definition:
in Vedism, god of the night sky who with his thousand eyes watches over human conduct and judges good and evil and punishes evildoers; often considered king of the Hindu gods and frequently paired with Mitra as an upholder of the world


pos: n
definition:
avatar of Vishnu whose name is synonymous with God; any of three incarnations: Ramachandra or Parashurama or Balarama


pos: n
definition:
one the Shinto deities (including mythological beings, spirits of distinguished men, forces of nature)


pos: n
definition:
the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions


pos: n
definition:
(Gnosticism) a divine power or nature emanating from the Supreme Being and playing various roles in the operation of the universe


pos: n
definition:
the third person in the Trinity; Jesus promised the Apostles that he would send the Holy Spirit after his Crucifixion and Resurrection; it came on Pentecost


pos: n
definition:
any of the three persons of the Godhead constituting the Trinity especially the person of Christ in which divine and human natures are united


pos: n
definition:
ancient Italian deity in human shape, with horns, pointed ears and a goat's tail; equivalent to Greek satyr


pos: n
definition:
a legendary creature resembling a tiny old man; lives in the depths of the earth and guards buried treasure


pos: n
definition:
(Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell


pos: n
definition:
(Islam) an invisible spirit mentioned in the Koran and believed by Muslims to inhabit the earth and influence mankind by appearing in the form of humans or animals


pos: n
definition:
(Islam) one of the dark-eyed virgins of perfect beauty believed to live with the blessed in Paradise


pos: n
definition:
a mischievous supernatural being found in the folklore of many primitive people; sometimes distinguished by prodigious biological drives and exaggerated bodily parts


pos: n
definition:
(Persian folklore) a supernatural being descended from fallen angels and excluded from paradise until penance is done


pos: n
definition:
the chief satyr in the service of Bacchus; father of Dionysus; usually depicted as drunk and jolly and riding a donkey


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) group of 3 to 7 nymphs who guarded the golden apples that Gaea gave as a wedding gift to Hera


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) 7 daughters of Atlas and half-sisters of the Pleiades; they nurtured the infant Dionysus and Zeus placed them among the stars as a reward


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) 7 daughters of Atlas and half-sisters of the Hyades; placed among the stars to save them from the pursuit of Orion


pos: n
definition:
personification of the sky or upper air breathed by the Olympians; son of Erebus and night or of Chaos and darkness


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) Greek god of light; god of prophecy and poetry and music and healing; son of Zeus and Leto; twin brother of Artemis


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) priestess of Aphrodite who killed herself when her lover Leander drowned while trying to swim the Hellespont to see her


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a youth beloved of Hero who drowned in a storm in the Hellespont on one of his nightly visits to see her


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a king who created a statue of a woman and fell in love with it; Aphrodite brought the sculpture to life as Galatea


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a maiden who was first a sculpture created by Pygmalion and was brought to life by Aphrodite in answer to Pygmalion's prayers


pos: n
definition:
(Roman mythology) Roman god of war and agriculture; father of Romulus and Remus; counterpart of Greek Ares


pos: n
definition:
(Roman mythology) founder of Rome; suckled with his twin brother Remus by a wolf after their parents (Mars and Rhea Silvia) abandoned them; Romulus killed Remus in an argument over the building of Rome


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the virgin goddess of the hunt and the Moon; daughter of Leto and twin sister of Apollo; identified with Roman Diana


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) goddess of wisdom and useful arts and prudent warfare; guardian of Athens; identified with Roman Minerva


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the most ancient of gods; the personification of the infinity of space preceding creation of the universe


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the supreme god until Zeus dethroned him; son of Uranus and Gaea in ancient Greek mythology; identified with Roman Saturn


pos: n
definition:
(Roman mythology) a princess of Tyre who was the founder and queen of Carthage; Virgil tells of her suicide when she was abandoned by Aeneas


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) goddess of fertility and protector of marriage in ancient mythology; counterpart of Roman Ceres


pos: n
definition:
son of Apollo; a hero and the Roman god of medicine and healing; his daughters were Hygeia and Panacea


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) Greek god of darkness who dwelt in the underworld; son of Chaos; brother of Nox; father of Aether and Day


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) an Athenian inventor who built the labyrinth of Minos; to escape the labyrinth he fashioned wings for himself and his son Icarus


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the goddess of youth and spring; wife of Hercules; daughter of Zeus and Hera; cupbearer to the Olympian gods


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) ancient god of the sun; drove his chariot across the sky each day; identified with Roman Sol


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) son of Daedalus; while escaping from Crete with his father (using the wings Daedalus had made) he flew too close to the sun and the wax melted and he fell into the Aegean and drowned


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) Greek goddess of fertility who later became associated with Persephone as goddess of the underworld and protector of witches


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the lame god of fire and metalworking in ancient mythology; identified with Roman Vulcan


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) messenger and herald of the gods; god of commerce and cunning and invention and theft; identified with Roman Mercury


pos: n
definition:
queen of the Olympian gods in ancient Greek mythology; sister and wife of Zeus remembered for her jealously of the many mortal women Zeus fell in love with; identified with Roman Juno


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a maiden seduced by Zeus; when Hera was about to discover them together Zeus turned her into a white heifer


pos: n
definition:
(Roman mythology) the Roman god of doorways and passages; is depicted with two faces on opposite sides of his head


pos: n
definition:
(Roman mythology) queen of the Olympian gods who protected marriage; wife and sister of Jupiter; counterpart of Greek Hera


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the goddess of the hearth and its fire in ancient mythology; identified with Roman Vesta


pos: n
definition:
(Roman mythology) goddess of the hearth and its fire whose flame was tended by vestal virgins; counterpart of Greek Hestia


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a Titan who was the son of Gaea and Uranus and the father of Helios and Selene and Eos in ancient mythology


pos: n
definition:
son of Zeus and Europa; king of ancient Crete; ordered Daedalus to build the labyrinth; after death Minos became a judge in the underworld


pos: n
definition:
beautiful daughter of Minos and Pasiphae; she fell in love with Theseus and gave him the thread with which he found his way out of the Minotaur's labyrinth


pos: n
definition:
any of the three Greek goddesses of fate or destiny; identified with the Roman Parcae and similar to the Norse Norns


pos: n
definition:
any of the three Roman goddesses of fate or destiny; identified with the Greek Moirai and similar to the Norse Norns


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a sea god son of Pontus and Gaea; lived in the depths of the sea with his wife Doris and their daughters the Nereids


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) god of the heavens; son and husband of Gaea and father of the Titans in ancient mythology


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) god of fields and woods and shepherds and flocks; represented as a man with goat's legs and horns and ears; identified with Roman Sylvanus or Faunus


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the god of the sea and earthquakes in ancient mythology; brother of Zeus and Hades and Hera; identified with Roman Neptune


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) daughter of Zeus and Demeter; made queen of the underworld by Pluto in ancient mythology; identified with Roman Proserpina


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a mythical giant who was a thief and murderer; he would capture people and tie them to an iron bed, stretching them or hacking off their legs to make them fit; was killed by Theseus


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) son of Helios; killed when trying to drive his father's chariot and came too close to earth


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the god of the underworld in ancient mythology; brother of Zeus and husband of Persephone


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the winged goddess of the dawn in ancient mythology; daughter of Hyperion; identified with Roman Aurora


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a giant Boeotian hunter who pursued the Pleiades and was eventually slain by Artemis; was then placed in the sky as a constellation


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a great musician; when his wife Eurydice died he went to Hades to get her back but failed


pos: n
definition:
(Roman mythology) goddess of the earth; protector of marriage and fertility; identified with Greek Gaea


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) any of the primordial giant gods who ruled the Earth until overthrown by Zeus; the Titans were offspring of Uranus (Heaven) and Gaea (Earth)


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) any of the primordial giant goddesses who were offspring of Uranus (heaven) and Gaea (earth) in ancient mythology


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the supreme god of ancient Greek mythology; son of Rhea and Cronus whom he dethroned; husband and brother of Hera; brother of Poseidon and Hades; father of many gods; counterpart of Roman Jupiter


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the Titan who was father of Atlas and Epimetheus and Prometheus in ancient mythology


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) brother of Prometheus; despite Prometheus's warning against gifts from Zeus he accepted Pandora as his wife


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the Titan who stole fire from Olympus and gave it to mankind; Zeus punished him by chaining him to a rock where an eagle gnawed at his liver until Hercules rescued him


pos: n
definition:
fertility goddess in ancient Greek mythology; wife of Cronus and mother of Zeus; identified with Roman Ops and Cybele of ancient Asia Minor


pos: n
definition:
(Roman mythology) goddess of abundance and fertility; wife of Saturn; counterpart of Greek Rhea and Cybele of ancient Asia Minor


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a beautiful princess loved by Cupid who visited her at night and told her she must not try to see him; became the personification of the soul


pos: n
definition:
wife or mistress of Zeus and mother of Apollo and Artemis in ancient mythology; called Latona in Roman mythology


pos: n
definition:
(classical mythology) a hero noted for his strength; performed 12 immense labors to gain immortality


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the first woman; created by Hephaestus on orders from Zeus who presented her to Epimetheus along with a box filled with evils


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) god of light and peace and noted for his beauty and sweet nature; son of Odin and Frigg and husband of Nanna; killed by Hoth


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) god of earth's fertility and peace and prosperity; son of Njorth and brother of Freya; originally of the Vanir; later with the Aesir


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) a blind god; misled by Loki, he kills his brother Balder by throwing a shaft of mistletoe


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) goddess of spring and wife of Bragi; guarded the apples that kept the gods eternally young


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) trickster; god of discord and mischief; contrived death of Balder and was overcome by Thor


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) chief of the Vanir; god of the sea and winds and prosperity; father of Frey and Freya; sometimes subsumes Teutonic Nerthus


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) any of the three goddesses of destiny; identified with Anglo-Saxon Wyrd; similar to Greek Moirae and Roman Parcae


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) ruler of the Aesir; supreme god of war and poetry and knowledge and wisdom (for which he gave an eye) and husband of Frigg; identified with the Teutonic Wotan


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) wife of Loki; held a cup over him during his punishment to spare him the pain of drops of poison


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) god of thunder and rain and farming; pictured as wielding a hammer emblematic of the thunderbolt; identified with Teutonic Donar


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) one of the Aesir known for his beauty and skill with bow and skis; son of Sif and stepson of Thor


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) a huge ash tree whose roots and branches hold the earth and Heaven and Hell together


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) the primeval giant slain by Odin and his brothers and from whose body they created the world: the sea from his blood; the earth from his flesh; the mountains from his bones; the sky from his skull


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) in Judeo-Christian mythology; the first man and the husband of Eve and the progenitor of the human race


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) Adam's wife in Judeo-Christian mythology: the first woman and mother of the human race; God created Eve from Adam's rib and placed Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) Cain and Abel were the first children of Adam and Eve born after the Fall of Man; Cain killed Abel out of jealousy and was exiled by God


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) Cain and Abel were the first children of Adam and Eve born after the Fall of Man; Abel was killed by Cain


pos: n
definition:
the legendary hero of an anonymous Old English epic poem composed in the early 8th century; he slays a monster and becomes king but dies fighting a dragon


pos: n
definition:
a Valkyrie or a queen in the Nibelungenlied who loved the hero Siegfried; when he deceived her she had him killed and then committed suicide


pos: n
definition:
(Norse mythology) one of the maidens of Odin who chose heroes to be slain in battle and conducted them to Valhalla


pos: n
definition:
a fictional young girl who is saved from her stepmother and stepsisters by her fairy godmother and a handsome prince


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the husband of Medea and leader of the Argonauts who sailed in quest of the Golden Fleece


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a famous mythical Greek hero; his return to Ithaca after the siege of Troy was described in the Odyssey


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the wife of Odysseus and a symbol of devotion and fidelity; for 10 years while Odysseus fought the Trojan War she resisted numerous suitors until Odysseus returned and killed them


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a hero and king of Athens who was noted for his many great deeds: killed Procrustes and the Minotaur and defeated the Amazons and united Attica


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a wicked king and son of Zeus; condemned in Hades to stand in water that receded when he tried to drink and beneath fruit that receded when he reached for it


pos: n
definition:
a mythical Greek hero of the Iliad; a foremost Greek warrior at the siege of Troy; when he was a baby his mother tried to make him immortal by bathing him in a magical river but the heel by which she held him remained vulnerable--his `Achilles' heel'


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the king of Sparta at the time of the Trojan War; brother of Agamemnon; husband of Helen


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the daughter of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon; Agamemnon was obliged to offer her as a sacrifice to Artemis when the Greek fleet was becalmed on its way to Troy; Artemis rescued her and she later became a priestess


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the seducer of Clytemnestra and murderer of Agamemnon who usurped the throne of Mycenae until Agamemnon's son Orestes returned home and killed him


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; his sister Electra persuaded him to avenge Agamemnon's death by killing Clytemnestra and Aegisthus


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a prophetess in Troy during the Trojan War whose predictions were true but were never believed


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the brother of Jocasta and uncle of Antigone who became king of Thebes after the fall of Oedipus


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; persuaded her brother (Orestes) to avenge Agamemnon's death by helping her to kill Clytemnestra and her lover (Aegisthus)


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the priest of Apollo who warned the Trojans to beware of Greeks bearing gifts when they wanted to accept the Trojan Horse; a god who favored the Greeks (Poseidon or Athena) sent snakes who coiled around Laocoon and his two twin sons killing them


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a tragic king of Thebes who unknowingly killed his father Laius and married his mother Jocasta; the subject of the drama `Oedipus Rex' by Sophocles


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the blind prophet of Thebes who revealed to Oedipus that Oedipus had murdered his father and married his mother


pos: n
definition:
the fictional Swiss scientist who was the protagonist in a gothic novel by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley; he created a monster from parts of corpses


pos: n
definition:
the monster created by Frankenstein in a gothic novel by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (the creator's name is commonly used to refer to his creation)


pos: n
definition:
a fictional Englishman who travels to the imaginary land of Lilliput in a satirical novel by Jonathan Swift


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) the beautiful daughter of Zeus and Leda who was abducted by Paris; the Greek army sailed to Troy to get her back which resulted in the Trojan War


pos: n
definition:
the hero of William Shakespeare's tragedy who was betrayed and mistreated by two of his scheming daughters


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a queen of Sparta who was raped by Zeus who had taken the form of a swan; Helen of Troy was conceived in the rape of Leda


pos: n
definition:
tough cynical detective (one of the early detective heroes in American fiction) created by Raymond Chandler


pos: n
definition:
someone appointed by a court to assume responsibility for the interests of a minor or incompetent person


pos: n
definition:
a member of a constituency; a citizen who is represented in a government by officials for whom he or she votes


pos: n
definition:
a signer in addition to the principal signer (to verify the authenticity of the principal signature or to provide surety)


pos: n
definition:
a person who holds a commissioned rank in the United States Navy or the United States Coast Guard; below lieutenant junior grade


pos: n
definition:
(ethnic slur) offensive and derogatory name for a Black man who is abjectly servile and deferential to Whites


pos: n
definition:
a member of an Oriental race; the term is regarded as offensive by Asians (especially by Asian Americans)


pos: n
definition:
(slang) a disparaging term for an Asian person (especially for North Vietnamese soldiers in the Vietnam War)


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Turkic-speaking people living from the Volga to the Ural Mountains (the name has been attributed to many other groups)


pos: n
definition:
a member of any of the North American Indian groups speaking an Algonquian language and originally living in the subarctic regions of eastern Canada; many Algonquian tribes migrated south into the woodlands from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic coast


pos: n
definition:
a Native American who lived in what is now southern Colorado and Utah and northern Arizona and New Mexico and who built cliff dwellings


pos: n
definition:
a member of any of the North American Indian groups speaking an Athapaskan language and living in the subarctic regions of western Canada and central Alaska


pos: n
definition:
a member of an American Indian people of Yucatan and Belize and Guatemala who had a culture (which reached its peak between AD 300 and 900) characterized by outstanding architecture and pottery and astronomy


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Nahuatl people who established an empire in Mexico that was overthrown by Cortes in 1519


pos: n
definition:
a member of an early Mesoamerican civilization centered around Veracruz that flourished between 1300 and 400 BC


pos: n
definition:
a member of a large tribe of Mesoamericans living in southern Mexico whose civilization flourished around 300 to 900


pos: n
definition:
any member of Athapaskan tribes that migrated to the southwestern desert (from Arizona to Texas and south into Mexico); fought a losing battle from 1861 to 1886 with the United States and were resettled in Oklahoma


pos: n
definition:
a member of a tribe of Plains Indians formerly inhabiting eastern Colorado and Wyoming (now living in Oklahoma and Wyoming)


pos: n
definition:
a group of Plains Indians formerly living in what is now North and South Dakota and Nebraska and Kansas and Arkansas and Louisiana and Oklahoma and Texas


pos: n
definition:
a member of an Iroquoian people formerly living in the Appalachian Mountains but now chiefly in Oklahoma


pos: n
definition:
a member of a North American Indian people living on the western plains (now living in Oklahoma and Montana)


pos: n
definition:
a member of an important North American Indian people who controlled the mouth of the Columbia river; they were organized into settlements rather than tribes


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Shoshonean people who formerly lived between Wyoming and the Mexican border but are now chiefly in Oklahoma


pos: n
definition:
a member of an Algonquian people formerly living in Maryland between Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac river; allies of the Nanticoke people


pos: n
definition:
a member of a North American Indian people living in coastal California between Monterey and San Francisco Bay


pos: n
definition:
any member of the Creek Confederacy (especially the Muskogee) formerly living in Georgia and Alabama but now chiefly in Oklahoma


pos: n
definition:
a member of an Algonquian people formerly living in New Jersey and New York and parts of Delaware and Pennsylvania


pos: n
definition:
a member of an Iroquoian people formerly living on the south shore of Lake Erie in northern Ohio and northwest Pennsylvania and western New York


pos: n
definition:
a member of a seafaring group of North American Indians who lived on the Pacific coast of British Columbia and southwestern Alaska


pos: n
definition:
a member of a North American Indian people of the Colorado river valley near the mouth of the Gila river; allied to the Maricopa


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Sioux people formerly inhabiting an area along the Missouri river in western North Dakota


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Siouan people who constituted a division of the Teton Sioux and who formerly lived in the western Dakotas; they were prominent in resisting the white encroachment into the northern Great Plains


pos: n
definition:
any member of the warlike North American Indian peoples formerly living in New York State; the Iroquois League were allies of the British during the American Revolution


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Muskhogean people formerly living in northern Alabama; a member of the Creek Confederacy


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Wakashan people living around Queen Charlotte Sound and on northern Vancouver Island


pos: n
definition:
a member of the federally recognized tribe of Algonquian people living on a reservation in central Wisconsin


pos: n
definition:
a member of the North American Indian people formerly living in the Colorado river valley in Arizona and Nevada and California


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Algonquian people formerly living in the Hudson valley and eastward to the Housatonic


pos: n
definition:
a member of any of the peoples formerly living in southeastern United States and speaking Muskhogean languages


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Muskhogean people formerly living in Georgia and eastern Alabama and constituting the core of the Creek Confederacy


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Wakashan people living on Vancouver Island and in the Cape Flattery region of northwestern Washington


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Siouan people who constituted a division of the Teton Sioux and who formerly inhabited the Black Hills of western South Dakota


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Siouan people formerly living in Missouri in the valleys of the Missouri and Osage rivers; oil was found on Osage lands early in the 20th century


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living between Lake Champlain and the Saint Lawrence River


pos: n
definition:
a member of either of two Shoshonean peoples (northern Paiute and southern Paiute) related to the Aztecs and living in the southwestern United States


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Algonquian people related to the Malecite and living in northeastern Maine and New Brunswick


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Algonquian people belonging to the Abnaki confederacy and living in the Penobscot valley in northern Maine


pos: n
definition:
a member of an Indian people of northern California living along the Russian River valley and adjacent Pacific coast


pos: n
definition:
a member of any of about two dozen Native American peoples called `Pueblos' by the Spanish because they live in pueblos (villages built of adobe and rock)


pos: n
definition:
a member of a group of North American Indians speaking a Salishan language and living on the northwest coast of North America


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Algonquian people formerly living in Wisconsin in the Fox River valley and on the shores of Green Bay


pos: n
definition:
a member of a North American Indian people who lived in Oregon along the Columbia river and its tributaries in Washington and northern Idaho


pos: n
definition:
a member of the North American Indian people (related to the Aztecs) of the southwestern United States


pos: n
definition:
a member of a group of North American Indian peoples who spoke a Siouan language and who ranged from Lake Michigan to the Rocky Mountains


pos: n
definition:
a member of the large western branch of Sioux people which was made up of several groups that lived on the plains


pos: n
definition:
a member of an Iroquois people who formerly lived in North Carolina and then moved to New York State and joined the Iroquois


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Siouan-speaking people formerly living in eastern Wisconsin south of Green Bay; ally of the Menomini and enemy of the Fox and Sauk people


pos: n
definition:
a member of one of the aboriginal races of India (pushed south by Caucasians and now mixed with them)


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Religious Society of Friends founded by George Fox (the Friends have never called themselves Quakers)


pos: n
definition:
an offensive term for Roman Catholics; originally, a Roman Catholic who was a strong advocate of the papacy


pos: n
definition:
a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties


pos: n
definition:
a member of a Muslim dynasty of Berber warriors that flourished from 1049 to 1145 and that established political dominance over northwestern Africa and Spain


pos: n
definition:
a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs


pos: n
definition:
a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad


pos: n
definition:
a native or inhabitant of Galatia in Asia Minor (especially a member of a people believed to have been Gauls who conquered Galatia in the 3rd century BC)


pos: n
definition:
a member of the ancient Germanic peoples who spread from the Rhine into the Roman Empire in the 4th century


pos: n
definition:
a member of the ancient Germanic people who migrated from Jutland to southern Gaul and were annihilated by the Romans


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Bantu people who inhabit Botswana, Lesotho, and northern South Africa and who speak the Sotho languages


pos: n
definition:
a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Saxons and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons


pos: n
definition:
a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest


pos: n
definition:
a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Saxons to become Anglo-Saxons


pos: n
definition:
a member of a pastoral and nomadic people of western Africa; they are traditionally cattle herders of Muslim faith


pos: n
definition:
a member of western Finnish people formerly living in the Baltic province where Saint Petersburg was built


pos: n
definition:
a member of a people inhabiting the northern Malay Peninsula and Malaysia and parts of the western Malay Archipelago


pos: n
definition:
a people living traditionally in mountain villages in southern China and adjacent areas of Vietnam and Laos and Thailand; many have emigrated to the United States


pos: n
definition:
a native or inhabitant of ancient Etruria; the Etruscans influenced the Romans (who had suppressed them by about 200 BC)


pos: n
definition:
a member of an ancient Oscan-speaking people of the central Apennines north of Rome who were conquered and assimilated into the Roman state in 290 BC


pos: n
definition:
an Oscan-speaking member of an ancient people of Campania who clashed repeatedly with the early Romans


pos: n
definition:
a member of a largely pastoral Islamic people who live in Kurdistan; the largest ethnic group without their own state


pos: n
definition:
a member of a Buddhist people inhabiting the area of the Mekong River in Laos and Thailand and speaking the Lao language; related to the Thais


pos: n
definition:
one of the Muslim people of north Africa; of mixed Arab and Berber descent; converted to Islam in the 8th century; conqueror of Spain in the 8th century


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Nepalese force that has been part of the British army for 200 years; known for fierceness in combat


pos: n
definition:
a member of a South American Indian people in Peru who were formerly the ruling class of the Inca empire


pos: n
definition:
a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Himalayan people living in Nepal and Tibet who are famous for their skill as mountaineers


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Tungus speaking people of Mongolian race who are a nomadic people widely spread over eastern Siberia; related to the Manchu


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Manchu speaking people of Mongolian race of Manchuria; related to the Tungus; conquered China in the 17th century


pos: n
definition:
a member of a Slavic people who settled in Serbia and neighboring areas in the 6th and 7th centuries


pos: n
definition:
a member of the tall Negroid people of eastern South Africa; some live in KwaZulu-Natal under the traditional clan system but many now work in the cities


pos: n
definition:
a signer of a 1679 address to Charles II in which those who petitioned for the reconvening of parliament were condemned and abhorred


pos: n
definition:
a person who descends down a nearly vertical face by using a doubled rope that is wrapped around the body and attached to some high point


pos: n
definition:
the person (or institution) who accepts a check or draft and becomes responsible for paying the party named in the draft when it matures


pos: n
definition:
a person or institution against whom an action is brought in a court of law; the person being sued or accused


pos: n
definition:
someone who assists a priest or minister in a liturgical service; a cleric ordained in the highest of the minor orders in the Roman Catholic Church but not in the Anglican Church or the Eastern Orthodox Churches


pos: n
definition:
someone who is physiologically dependent on a substance; abrupt deprivation of the substance produces withdrawal symptoms


pos: n
definition:
the party appointed by a probate court to distribute the estate of someone who dies without a will or without naming an executor


pos: n
definition:
a subordinate or subsidiary associate; a person who is affiliated with another or with an organization


pos: n
definition:
a person who claims that they cannot have true knowledge about the existence of God (but does not deny that God might exist)


pos: n
definition:
one who was versed in the practice of alchemy and who sought an elixir of life and a panacea and an alkahest and the philosopher's stone


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) one of a nation of women warriors of Scythia (who burned off the right breast in order to use a bow and arrow more effectively)


pos: n
definition:
one of a group of rabbis (active AD 250-500) who discussed the Mishnaic law in the law schools of Palestine and Mesopotamia where they explained and applied earlier teachings and whose discussions are recorded in the Talmud; they emphasized the study of Torah and the importance of personal action and the fulfillment of the commandments


pos: n
definition:
a cleric in the minor orders of the Eastern Orthodox Church who reads the lessons aloud in the liturgy (analogous to the lector in the Roman Catholic Church)


pos: n
definition:
an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions


pos: n
definition:
a humorous but derogatory term for an official of a large organization (especially a political organization)


pos: n
definition:
a member of one of a group of Semitic peoples inhabiting Aram and parts of Mesopotamia from the 11th to the 8th century BC


pos: n
definition:
someone who engages in arbitrage (who purchases securities in one market for immediate resale in another in the hope of profiting from the price differential)


pos: n
definition:
a musician who adapts a composition for particular voices or instruments or for another style of performance


pos: n
definition:
a person who through conceit makes pretentious claims to rights or advantages that he or she is not entitled to or to qualities that he or she does not possess


pos: n
definition:
a murderer (especially one who kills a prominent political figure) who kills by a surprise attack and often is hired to do the deed


pos: n
definition:
a member of a secret order of Muslims (founded in the 12th century) who terrorized and killed Christian Crusaders


pos: n
definition:
(law) the party to whom something is assigned (e.g., someone to whom a right or property is legally transferred)


pos: n
definition:
a qualified accountant who inspects the accounting records and practices of a business or other organization


pos: n
definition:
a high-ranking Shiite religious leader who is regarded as an authority on religious law and its interpretation and who has political power as well


pos: n
definition:
a person who looks after babies (usually in the person's own home) while the babys' parents are working


pos: n
definition:
the bullfighter who implants decorated darts (banderillas) into the neck or shoulders of the bull during a bull fight


pos: n
definition:
the horseman who pricks the bull with a lance early in the bullfight to goad the bull and to make it keep its head low


pos: n
definition:
someone who stands in front of a show (as at a carnival) and gives a loud colorful sales talk to potential customers


pos: n
definition:
a British or Canadian lawyer who speaks in the higher courts of law on behalf of either the defense or prosecution


pos: n
definition:
an investor with a pessimistic market outlook; an investor who expects prices to fall and so sells now in order to buy later at a lower price


pos: n
definition:
a person who diverts suspicion from someone (especially a woman who accompanies a male homosexual in order to conceal his homosexuality)


pos: n
definition:
one of the ancient Norse warriors legendary for working themselves into a frenzy before a battle and fighting with reckless savagery and insane fury


pos: n
definition:
a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ


pos: n
definition:
a criminal who extorts money from someone by threatening to expose embarrassing information about them


pos: n
definition:
a Russian member of the left-wing majority group that followed Lenin and eventually became the Russian communist party


pos: n
definition:
the member of a bomber crew responsible for using the bombsight and releasing the bombs on the target


pos: n
definition:
a member of a nationalistic Chinese secret society that led an unsuccessful rebellion in 1900 against foreign interests in China


pos: n
definition:
a Mexican laborer who worked in the United States on farms and railroads in order to ease labor shortages during World War II


pos: n
definition:
an investor with an optimistic market outlook; an investor who expects prices to rise and so buys now for resale later


pos: n
definition:
a person who entertains people for money in public places (as by singing or dancing), usually while asking for money


pos: n
definition:
the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth


pos: n
definition:
the official of a synagogue who conducts the liturgical part of the service and sings or chants the prayers intended to be performed as solos


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes


pos: n
definition:
a professional who is intent on furthering his or her career by any possible means and often at the expense of their own integrity


pos: n
definition:
(medicine) a person (or animal) who has some pathogen to which he is immune but who can pass it on to others


pos: n
definition:
a person who is authorized to read publications or correspondence or to watch theatrical performances and suppress in whole or in part anything considered obscene or politically unacceptable


pos: n
definition:
(football) the person who plays center on the line of scrimmage and snaps the ball to the quarterback


pos: n
definition:
an accountant who has passed certain examinations and met all other statutory and licensing requirements of a United States state to be certified by that state


pos: n
definition:
a stock market analyst who tries to predict market trends from graphs of recent prices of securities


pos: n
definition:
a 19th century English reformer who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people


pos: n
definition:
the corporate executive responsible for the operations of the firm; reports to a board of directors; may appoint other managers (including a president)


pos: n
definition:
the corporate executive having financial authority to make appropriations and authorize expenditures for a firm


pos: n
definition:
(Christianity) any of about 70 theologians in the period from the 2nd to the 7th century whose writing established and confirmed official church doctrine; in the Roman Catholic Church some were later declared saints and became Doctor of the Church; the best known Latin Church Fathers are Ambrose, Augustine, Gregory the Great, and Jerome; those who wrote in Greek include Athanasius, Basil, Gregory Nazianzen, and John Chrysostom


pos: n
definition:
a secret agent who was one of the Navajos who devised and used a code based on their native language; the code was unbroken by the Japanese during World War II


pos: n
definition:
a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general


pos: n
definition:
any elderly pompous reactionary ultranationalistic person (after the cartoon character created by Sir David Low)


pos: n
definition:
a commissioned naval officer who ranks above a captain and below a rear admiral; the lowest grade of admiral


pos: n
definition:
a French caretaker of apartments or a hotel; lives on the premises and oversees people entering and leaving and handles mail and acts as janitor or porter


pos: n
definition:
(usually plural) a person who is influential and to whom you are connected in some way (as by family or friendship)


pos: n
definition:
a diplomat appointed by a government to protect its commercial interests and help its citizens in a foreign country


pos: n
definition:
the bridge player in contract bridge who wins the bidding and can declare which suit is to be trumps


pos: n
definition:
(medieval Spain and Portugal) a Jew or Moor who professed to convert to Christianity in order to avoid persecution or expulsion


pos: n
definition:
a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia


pos: n
definition:
a huntsman who hunts small animals with fast dogs that use sight rather than scent to follow their prey


pos: n
definition:
local names for a cowboy (`vaquero' is used especially in southwestern and central Texas and `buckaroo' is used especially in California)


pos: n
definition:
a forest fire fighter who is sent to battle remote and severe forest fires (often for days at a time)


pos: n
definition:
a person who is controlled by others and is used to perform unpleasant or dishonest tasks for someone else


pos: n
definition:
a member of the House of Commons who does not vote regularly with either the government or the Opposition


pos: n
definition:
a voter who is registered as a member of one political party but who votes in the primary of another party


pos: n
definition:
a member of an unorthodox cult who generally lives outside of conventional society under the direction of a charismatic leader


pos: n
definition:
the attendant (usually an officer of a nobleman's household) whose duty is to fill and serve cups of wine


pos: n
definition:
a writer of science fiction set in a lawless subculture of an oppressive society dominated by computer technology


pos: n
definition:
a member of a group of ancient Greek philosophers who advocated the doctrine that virtue is the only good and that the essence of virtue is self-control


pos: n
definition:
an ascetic Muslim monk; a member of an order noted for devotional exercises involving bodily movements


pos: n
definition:
someone who develops real estate (especially someone who prepares a site for residential or commercial use)


pos: n
definition:
medical specialist whose competence has been certified by a diploma granted by an appropriate professional group


pos: n
definition:
the head of the United States Intelligence Community and director of the Central Intelligence Agency


pos: n
definition:
employee of a transportation company who controls the departures of vehicles according to weather conditions and in the interest of efficient service


pos: n
definition:
a troubler who interrupts or interferes with peace and quiet; someone who causes disorder and commotion


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) a title conferred on 33 saints who distinguished themselves through the orthodoxy of their theological teaching


pos: n
definition:
the lowest of the minor Holy Orders in the unreformed Western Church but now suppressed by the Roman Catholic Church


pos: n
definition:
an interpreter and guide in the Near East; in the Ottoman Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries a translator of European languages for the Turkish and Arab authorities and most dragomans were Greek (many reached high positions in the government)


pos: n
definition:
an adherent of an esoteric monotheistic religious sect living in the relative security of the mountains of Syria and Lebanon who believes that Al-hakim was an incarnation of God


pos: n
definition:
a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)


pos: n
definition:
physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the endocrine system


pos: n
definition:
a person who transfers his ownership interest in something by signing a check or negotiable security


pos: n
definition:
a member of a people inhabiting the Arctic (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberia); the Algonquians called them Eskimo (`eaters of raw flesh') but they call themselves the Inuit (`the people')


pos: n
definition:
a title of respect for a member of the English gentry ranking just below a knight; placed after the name


pos: n
definition:
the ruler of a province (as in the Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire) or certain religious rulers with secular authority


pos: n
definition:
(when capitalized) any of the spiritual leaders who are assumed to be authors of the Gospels in the New Testament: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John


pos: n
definition:
a title used to address dignitaries (such as ambassadors or governors); usually preceded by `Your' or `His' or `Her'


pos: n
definition:
a philosopher who emphasizes freedom of choice and personal responsibility but who regards human existence in a hostile universe as unexplainable


pos: n
definition:
one of the minor orders in the unreformed Western Church but now suppressed in the Roman Catholic Church


pos: n
definition:
someone who exterminates (especially someone whose occupation is the extermination of troublesome rodents and insects)


pos: n
definition:
a person attached to the household of a high official (as a pope or bishop) who renders service in return for support


pos: n
definition:
`Father' is a term of address for priests in some churches (especially the Roman Catholic Church or the Orthodox Catholic Church); `Padre' is frequently used in the military


pos: n
definition:
a member of a former political party in the United States that favored a strong centralized federal government


pos: n
definition:
a legislator who gives long speeches in an effort to delay or obstruct legislation that he (or she) opposes


pos: n
definition:
someone who intervenes with authorities for a person in trouble (usually using underhand or illegal methods for a fee)


pos: n
definition:
the person who plays the position of forward in certain games, such as basketball, soccer, or hockey


pos: n
definition:
a writer or artist who sells services to different employers without a long-term contract with any of them


pos: n
definition:
a member of the House of Commons who is a minister in the government or who holds an official position in an opposition party


pos: n
definition:
a theologian who believes that the Scripture prophecies of the Apocalypse (the Book of Revelation) will be fulfilled in the future


pos: n
definition:
a member of the moderate republican party that was in power during the French Revolution; the Girondists were overthrown by their more radical rivals the Jacobins


pos: n
definition:
(ancient Rome) a professional combatant or a captive who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat


pos: n
definition:
a wandering scholar in medieval Europe; famed for intemperance and riotous behavior and the composition of satirical and ribald Latin songs


pos: n
definition:
a member of a people with dark skin and hair who speak Romany and who traditionally live by seasonal work and fortunetelling; they are believed to have originated in northern India but now are living on all continents (but mostly in Europe, North Africa, and North America)


pos: n
definition:
a programmer for whom computing is its own reward; may enjoy the challenge of breaking into other computers but does no harm


pos: n
definition:
a programmer who breaks into computer systems in order to steal or change or destroy information as a form of cyber-terrorism


pos: n
definition:
a member of a people of southeastern China (especially Hong Kong, Canton, and Taiwan) who migrated from the north in the 12th century


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) the minister of the Persian emperor who hated the Jews and was hanged for plotting to massacre them


pos: n
definition:
someone who counterbalances one transaction (as a bet) against another in order to protect against loss


pos: n
definition:
one having both male and female sexual characteristics and organs; at birth an unambiguous assignment of male or female cannot be made


pos: n
definition:
(classical mythology) a being of great strength and courage celebrated for bold exploits; often the offspring of a mortal and a god


pos: n
definition:
someone who uses force to take over a vehicle (especially an airplane) in order to reach an alternative destination


pos: n
definition:
the person who is in possession of a check or note or bond or document of title that is endorsed to him or to whoever holds it


pos: n
definition:
a tiny fully formed individual that (according to the discredited theory of preformation) is supposed to be present in the sperm cell


pos: n
definition:
(rugby) the player in the middle of the front row of the scrum who tries to capture the ball with the foot


pos: n
definition:
an expert in the science of cultivating plants (fruit or flowers or vegetables or ornamental plants)


pos: n
definition:
a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there


pos: n
definition:
a physician (especially an intern) who lives in a hospital and cares for hospitalized patients under the supervision of the medical staff of the hospital


pos: n
definition:
an advocate of the principles of humanism; someone concerned with the interests and welfare of humans


pos: n
definition:
a person who professes beliefs and opinions that he or she does not hold in order to conceal his or her real feelings or motives


pos: n
definition:
(Islam) the man who leads prayers in a mosque; for Shiites an imam is a recognized authority on Islamic theology and law and a spiritual guide


pos: n
definition:
an officer of a corporation or others who have access to private information about the corporation's operations


pos: n
definition:
a person whose interests are protected by an insurance policy; a person who contracts for an insurance policy that indemnifies him against loss of property or life or health etc.


pos: n
definition:
a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)


pos: n
definition:
an advanced student or graduate in medicine gaining supervised practical experience (`houseman' is a British term)


pos: n
definition:
(psychology) a person who tends to shrink from social contacts and to become preoccupied with their own thoughts


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) son of Isaac; brother of Esau; father of the twelve patriarchs of Israel; Jacob wrestled with God and forced God to bless him, so God gave Jacob the new name of Israel (meaning `one who has been strong against God')


pos: n
definition:
a member of an Indo-European people widely scattered throughout the northwest of the Indian subcontinent and consisting of Muslims and Hindus and Sikhs


pos: n
definition:
someone who buys large quantities of goods and resells to merchants rather than to the ultimate customers


pos: n
definition:
Jewish heroine in one of the books of the Apocrypha; she saved her people by decapitating the Assyrian general Holofernes


pos: n
definition:
originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit


pos: n
definition:
a knight of a religious military order established in 1118 to protect pilgrims and the Holy Sepulcher


pos: n
definition:
an assistant (often the father of the soon-to-be-born child) who provides support for a woman in labor by encouraging her to use techniques learned in childbirth-preparation classes


pos: n
definition:
the person who Jesus raised from the dead after four days in the tomb; this miracle caused the enemies of Jesus to begin the plan to put him to death


pos: n
definition:
someone who reads the lessons in a church service; someone ordained in a minor order of the Roman Catholic Church


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi (especially the branch that provided male assistants to the temple priests)


pos: n
definition:
a person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties


pos: n
definition:
an official who can issue a license or give authoritative permission (especially one who licenses publications)


pos: n
definition:
an officer holding a commissioned rank in the United States Navy or the United States Coast Guard; below lieutenant commander and above lieutenant junior grade


pos: n
definition:
official (in tennis, soccer, football, etc.) who assists the referee in some way (especially by watching for out of bounds or offside)


pos: n
definition:
(law) a person (usually appointed by a court of law) who liquidates assets or preserves them for the benefit of affected parties


pos: n
definition:
someone who is employed to persuade legislators to vote for legislation that favors the lobbyist's employer


pos: n
definition:
someone (physician or clergyman) who substitutes temporarily for another member of the same profession


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) nephew of Abraham; God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah but chose to spare Lot and his family who were told to flee without looking back at the destruction


pos: n
definition:
one of the 19th century English workmen who destroyed laborsaving machinery that they thought would cause unemployment


pos: n
definition:
a politician who belongs to a small clique that controls a political party for private rather than public ends


pos: n
definition:
a lay judge or civil authority who administers the law (especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses)


pos: n
definition:
(Islam) a messianic leader who (according to popular Muslim belief) will appear before the end of the world and restore justice and religion


pos: n
definition:
a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines; below lieutenant colonel and above captain


pos: n
definition:
a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman


pos: n
definition:
a member of a small Gnostic sect that originated in Jordan and survives in Iraq and who believes that John the Baptist was the Messiah


pos: n
definition:
(medieval Spain and Portugal) a disparaging term for a Jew who converted to Christianity in order to avoid persecution but continued to practice their religion secretly


pos: n
definition:
a law officer having duties similar to those of a sheriff in carrying out the judgments of a court of law


pos: n
definition:
a scholar who is expert on the Masorah (especially one of the Jewish scribes who contributed to the Masorah)


pos: n
definition:
a person who acts as host at formal occasions (makes an introductory speech and introduces other speakers)


pos: n
definition:
an informal use of the Latin word for mother; sometimes used by British schoolboys or used facetiously


pos: n
definition:
an Orthodox Christian or Uniate Christian belonging to the patriarchate of Alexandria or Antioch or Jerusalem


pos: n
definition:
an eastern Christian in Egypt or Syria who adheres to the Orthodox faith as defined by the council of Chalcedon in 451 and as accepted by the Byzantine emperor


pos: n
definition:
one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)


pos: n
definition:
a Russian member of the liberal minority group that advocated gradual reform and opposed the Bolsheviks before and during the Russian Revolution


pos: n
definition:
in the Eastern Orthodox Church this title is given to a position between bishop and patriarch; equivalent to archbishop in western Christianity


pos: n
definition:
a magician who seems to discern the thoughts of another person (usually by clever signals from an accomplice)


pos: n
definition:
a British teenager or young adult in the 1960s; noted for their clothes consciousness and opposition to the rockers


pos: n
definition:
an advocate of the theory that economic fluctuations are caused by increases or decreases in the supply of money


pos: n
definition:
a robber who takes property by threatening or performing violence on the person who is robbed (usually on the street)


pos: n
definition:
an Islamic scholar who engages in ijtihad, the effort to derive rules of divine law from Muslim sacred texts


pos: n
definition:
a criminal who commits homicide (who performs the unlawful premeditated killing of another human being)


pos: n
definition:
a member of a group of Jews who (during the early history of the Christian Church) accepted Jesus as the Messiah; they accepted the Gospel According to Matthew but rejected the Epistles of St. Paul and continued to follow Jewish law and celebrate Jewish holidays; they were later declared heretic by the Church of Rome


pos: n
definition:
derogatory term for a person who is fanatically dedicated to, or seeks to control, some activity, practice, etc.


pos: n
definition:
someone trained in neuroscience and linguistics who studies brain processes during language production and reception


pos: n
definition:
member of a secret mounted band in United States South after the American Civil War; committed acts of intimidation and revenge


pos: n
definition:
someone who objects to siting something in their own neighborhood but does not object to it being sited elsewhere; an acronym for not in my backyard


pos: n
definition:
a member of the ninja who were trained in martial arts and hired for espionage or sabotage or assassinations; a person skilled in ninjutsu


pos: n
definition:
an observant Muslim woman who covers her face and hands when in public or in the presence of any man outside her immediate family


pos: n
definition:
someone who has announced they are not a candidate; especially a politician who has announced that he or she is not a candidate for some political office


pos: n
definition:
a person regarded as nonexistent and having no rights; a person whose existence is systematically ignored (especially for ideological or political reasons)


pos: n
definition:
someone legally empowered to witness signatures and certify a document's validity and to take depositions


pos: n
definition:
a spirit believed to inhabit an object or preside over a place (especially in ancient Roman religion)


pos: n
definition:
a registered nurse who has received special training and can perform many of the duties of a physician


pos: n
definition:
someone who sets the betting odds based on calculations of the outcome of a contest (especially a horse race)


pos: n
definition:
a male hospital attendant who has general duties that do not involve the medical treatment of patients


pos: n
definition:
a supporter of the Orleans branch of the Bourbons that was descended from a younger brother of Louis XIV


pos: n
definition:
a practitioner of orthoepy (especially one of the 17th or 18th century scholars who proposed to reform English spelling so it would reflect pronunciation more closely)


pos: n
definition:
a person who refuses to face reality or recognize the truth (a reference to the popular notion that the ostrich hides from danger by burying its head in the sand)


pos: n
definition:
in medieval times a youth acting as a knight's attendant as the first stage in training for knighthood


pos: n
definition:
a person who serves or caters to the vulgar passions or plans of others (especially in order to make money)


pos: n
definition:
a freelance photographer who pursues celebrities trying to take candid photographs of them to sell to newspapers or magazines


pos: n
definition:
someone who studies the evidence for such psychological phenomena as psychokinesis and telepathy and clairvoyance


pos: n
definition:
a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian


pos: n
definition:
a maid in a private home whose duties are to care for the parlor and the table and to answer the door


pos: n
definition:
a member of a monotheistic sect of Zoroastrian origin; descended from the Persians; now found in western India


pos: n
definition:
an informal use of the Latin word for father; sometimes used by British schoolboys or used facetiously


pos: n
definition:
a person who has the right to be considered legally a British citizen (by virtue of the birth of a parent or grandparent)


pos: n
definition:
title for the heads of the Eastern Orthodox Churches (in Istanbul and Alexandria and Moscow and Jerusalem)


pos: n
definition:
a person who lends money at interest in exchange for personal property that is deposited as security


pos: n
definition:
a member of a military force that is assigned (often with international sanction) to preserve peace in a trouble area


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) a person who repents for wrongdoing (a Roman Catholic may be admitted to penance under the direction of a confessor)


pos: n
definition:
therapist who treats injury or dysfunction with exercises and other physical treatments of the disorder


pos: n
definition:
one of the colonists from England who sailed to America on the Mayflower and founded the colony of Plymouth in New England in 1620


pos: n
definition:
someone who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without having a commission from any sovereign nation


pos: n
definition:
someone who believes that distinct ethnic or cultural or religious groups can exist together in society


pos: n
definition:
a person who holds an insurance policy; usually, the client in whose name an insurance policy is written


pos: n
definition:
someone who presents shows or sells writing or pictures that are sexually explicit in violation of the community mores


pos: n
definition:
someone who emphasizes observable facts and excludes metaphysical speculation about origins or ultimate causes


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) someone who proposes or pleads for a candidate for beatification or canonization


pos: n
definition:
a thinker who focuses on the problem as stated and tries to synthesize information and knowledge to achieve a solution


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) an official in charge of an ecclesiastical province acting under the superior general of a religious order


pos: n
definition:
someone who rides the near horse of a pair in order to guide the horses pulling a carriage (especially a carriage without a coachman)


pos: n
definition:
a person who takes a practical approach to problems and is concerned primarily with the success or failure of her actions


pos: n
definition:
a person with presbyopia; someone who is farsighted resulting from the progressive loss with aging of the elasticity of the crystalline lens


pos: n
definition:
someone who presents a message of some sort (as a petition or an address or a check or a memorial etc.)


pos: n
definition:
a theologian who believes that the Scripture prophecies of the Apocalypse (the Book of Revelation) are being fulfilled at the present time


pos: n
definition:
a theologian who believes that the Scripture prophecies of the Apocalypse (the Book of Revelation) have already been fulfilled


pos: n
definition:
a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence


pos: n
definition:
a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders


pos: n
definition:
any of the German princes who were entitled to vote in the election of new emperor of the Holy Roman Empire


pos: n
definition:
(criminal law) any person involved in a criminal offense, regardless of whether the person profits from such involvement


pos: n
definition:
an unusually gifted or intelligent (young) person; someone whose talents excite wonder and admiration


pos: n
definition:
someone who finds financing for and supervises the making and presentation of a show (play or film or program or similar work)


pos: n
definition:
a person who receives support and protection from an influential patron who furthers the protege's career


pos: n
definition:
someone having external genitalia of one sex and internal sex organs of the other sex; not a true hermaphrodite because there is no ambiguity in the sex of the external genitalia and hence no question about gender at birth


pos: n
definition:
a person (usually a psychologist but sometimes a linguist) who studies the psychological basis of human language


pos: n
definition:
someone with a sociopathic personality; a person with an antisocial personality disorder (`psychopath' was once widely used but has now been superseded by `sociopath')


pos: n
definition:
a teenager or young adult who is a performer (or enthusiast) of punk rock and a member of the punk youth subculture


pos: n
definition:
(football) a person who kicks the football by dropping it from the hands and contacting it with the foot before it hits the ground


pos: n
definition:
a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship


pos: n
definition:
a contestant who meets certain requirements and so qualifies to take part in the next stage of competition


pos: n
definition:
a fictional character in Dostoevsky's novel `Crime and Punishment'; he kills old women because he believes he is beyond the bounds of good or evil


pos: n
definition:
a philosopher who believes that universals are real and exist independently of anyone thinking of them


pos: n
definition:
someone who is repeatedly arrested for criminal behavior (especially for the same criminal behavior)


pos: n
definition:
a person who is formally entered (along with others) in a register (and who obtains certain rights thereby)


pos: n
definition:
an official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest


pos: n
definition:
a modern scholar who is in a position to acquire more than superficial knowledge about many different interests


pos: n
definition:
the codefendant (especially in a divorce proceeding) who is accused of adultery with the corespondent


pos: n
definition:
a government agent responsible for collecting revenue (especially one responsible for stopping bootlegging)


pos: n
definition:
a writer who composes rhymes; a maker of poor verses (usually used as terms of contempt for minor or inferior poets)


pos: n
definition:
troublemaker who participates in a violent disturbance of the peace; someone who rises up against the constituted authority


pos: n
definition:
a member of a secret 17th-century society of philosophers and scholars versed in mystical and metaphysical and alchemical lore


pos: n
definition:
a dwarf in one of the fairy stories of the brothers Grimm; tells a woman he will not hold her to a promise if she can guess his name and when she discovers it he is so furious that he destroys himself


pos: n
definition:
a person employed to represent a business and to sell its merchandise (as to customers in a store or to customers who are visited)


pos: n
definition:
a graduating student with the second highest academic rank; may deliver the opening address at graduation exercises


pos: n
definition:
the legendary patron saint of children; an imaginary being who is thought to bring presents to children at Christmas


pos: n
definition:
(Middle Ages) the nephew of the king of Cornwall who (according to legend) fell in love with his uncle's bride (Iseult) after they mistakenly drank a love potion that left them eternally in love with each other


pos: n
definition:
(Middle Ages) the bride of the king of Cornwall who (according to legend) fell in love with the king's nephew (Tristan) after they mistakenly drank a love potion that left them eternally in love with each other


pos: n
definition:
(historically) a member of the nomadic people of the Syrian and Arabian deserts at the time of the Roman Empire


pos: n
definition:
a white Southerner who supported Reconstruction policies after the American Civil War (usually for self-interest)


pos: n
definition:
a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines


pos: n
definition:
a scholar who writes explanatory notes on an author (especially an ancient commentator on a classical author)


pos: n
definition:
someone employed to discover and recruit talented persons (especially in the worlds of entertainment or sports)


pos: n
definition:
a customs official whose job is to search baggage or goods or vehicles for contraband or dutiable items


pos: n
definition:
an advocate of secularism; someone who believes that religion should be excluded from government and education


pos: n
definition:
a senior noncommissioned officer in the Navy or Coast Guard with a rank comparable to master sergeant in the Army


pos: n
definition:
a senior noncommissioned officer in the Air Force with a rank comparable to master sergeant in the Army


pos: n
definition:
an advocate of secession or separation from a larger group (such as an established church or a national union)


pos: n
definition:
any of several noncommissioned officer ranks in the Army or Air Force or Marines ranking above a corporal


pos: n
definition:
(law) a person who creates a trust by giving real or personal property in trust to a trustee for the benefit of a beneficiary; a person who gives such property is said to settle it on the trustee


pos: n
definition:
a member of Christian group practicing celibacy and communal living and common possession of property and separation from the world


pos: n
definition:
(sports) a player who drives or kicks a ball at the goal (or a basketball player who shoots at the basket)


pos: n
definition:
a commercial agent who shops at the competitor's store in order to compare their prices and merchandise with those of the store that employs her


pos: n
definition:
an Italian title of respect for a man; equivalent to the English `sir'; used separately (not prefixed to his name)


pos: n
definition:
an Italian courtesy title for an unmarried woman; equivalent to `Miss', it is either used alone or before a name


pos: n
definition:
a sea nymph (part woman and part bird) supposed to lure sailors to destruction on the rocks where the nymphs lived


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) a member of a lay sisterhood (one of several founded in the Netherlands in the 12th and 13th centuries); though not taking religious vows the sisters followed an austere life


pos: n
definition:
an underwater swimmer equipped with a face mask and foot fins and either a snorkel or an air cylinder


pos: n
definition:
a young person who belongs to a British or American group that shave their heads and gather at rock concerts or engage in white supremacist demonstrations


pos: n
definition:
a person who jumps from a plane and performs various gymnastic maneuvers before pulling the parachute cord


pos: n
definition:
a person who shirks his work or duty (especially one who tries to evade military service in wartime)


pos: n
definition:
a spy or saboteur or terrorist planted in an enemy country who lives there as a law-abiding citizen until activated by a prearranged signal


pos: n
definition:
one of a group of brahmans who uphold nonsectarian orthodoxy according to the Vedanta school of Hinduism


pos: n
definition:
an adherent of the teachings of Socinus; a Christian who rejects the divinity of Christ and the Trinity and original sin; influenced the development of Unitarian theology


pos: n
definition:
someone who engages in anal copulation (especially a male who engages in anal copulation with another male)


pos: n
definition:
any of a group of Greek philosophers and teachers in the 5th century BC who speculated on a wide range of subjects


pos: n
definition:
in societies practicing shamanism: one acting as a medium between the visible and spirit worlds; practices sorcery for healing or divination


pos: n
definition:
a technician in charge of amplifying sound or producing sound effects (as for a TV or radio broadcast)


pos: n
definition:
`Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Confederate uniforms


pos: n
definition:
someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous)


pos: n
definition:
a public relations person who tries to forestall negative publicity by publicizing a favorable interpretation of the words or actions of a company or political party or famous person


pos: n
definition:
a person without employment who makes money by various dubious schemes; goes about smartly dressed and having a good time


pos: n
definition:
a taxonomist who classifies organisms into many groups on the basis of relatively minor characteristics


pos: n
definition:
a candidate with no chance of winning but who may draw enough votes to prevent one of the leading candidates from winning


pos: n
definition:
a person known for the way she (or he) behaves when teased or defeated or subjected to trying circumstances


pos: n
definition:
(military) a secret agent hired by a state to obtain information about its enemies or by a business to obtain industrial secrets from competitors


pos: n
definition:
an employee who is a member of a staff of workers (especially a member of the staff that works for the President of the United States)


pos: n
definition:
someone who supervises the physical aspects in the production of a show and who is in charge of the stage when the show is being performed


pos: n
definition:
someone entrusted to hold the stakes for two or more persons betting against one another; must deliver the stakes to the winner


pos: n
definition:
a workman whose job is to form or cut out by applying a mold or die (either by hand or by operating a stamping machine)


pos: n
definition:
someone who stands in a place where one might otherwise sit (as a spectator who uses standing room in a theater or a passenger on a crowded bus or train)


pos: n
definition:
someone versed in the collection and interpretation of numerical data (especially someone who uses statistics to calculate insurance premiums)


pos: n
definition:
a person whose body is marked by religious stigmata (such as marks resembling the wounds of the crucified Christ)


pos: n
definition:
a person at a racetrack who searches for winning parimutuel tickets that have been carelessly discarded by others


pos: n
definition:
someone who learned to fight in the streets rather than being formally trained in the sport of boxing


pos: n
definition:
a worker who strips the stems from moistened tobacco leaves and binds the leaves together into books


pos: n
definition:
a clergyman an order below deacon; one of the Holy Orders in the unreformed western Christian church and the eastern Catholic Churches but now suppressed in the Roman Catholic Church


pos: n
definition:
a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation


pos: n
definition:
someone who submits something (as an application for a job or a manuscript for publication etc.) for the judgment of others


pos: n
definition:
someone who contracts to receive and pay for a service or a certain number of issues of a publication


pos: n
definition:
a Muslim who represents the mystical dimension of Islam; a Muslim who seeks direct experience of Allah; mainly in Iran


pos: n
definition:
a woman advocate of women's right to vote (especially a militant advocate in the United Kingdom at the beginning of the 20th century)


pos: n
definition:
an itinerant Australian laborer who carries his personal belongings in a bundle as he travels around in search of work


pos: n
definition:
a member of a people native to the Philippines chiefly inhabiting central Luzon around and including Manila


pos: n
definition:
(sometimes used ironically) a man of great strength and agility (after the hero of a series of novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs)


pos: n
definition:
a biologist who specializes in the classification of organisms into groups on the basis of their structure and origin and behavior


pos: n
definition:
a technician who is highly proficient and enthusiastic about some technical field (especially computing)


pos: n
definition:
a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer; according to legend an Austrian governor compelled him to shoot an apple from his son's head with his crossbow (which he did successfully without mishap)


pos: n
definition:
a radical who employs terror as a political weapon; usually organizes with other terrorists in small cells; often uses religion as a cover for terrorist activities


pos: n
definition:
a specialist in the history of the Teutonic people or language (especially with respect to the Teutonic influence on the history of England)


pos: n
definition:
a member of the Texas state highway patrol; formerly a mounted lawman who maintained order on the frontier


pos: n
definition:
a man ranking above an ordinary freeman and below a noble in Anglo-Saxon England (especially one who gave military service in exchange for land)


pos: n
definition:
a criminal who takes property belonging to someone else with the intention of keeping it or selling it


pos: n
definition:
(mythology) the spirit of thunder and lightning believed by some Native Americans to take the shape of a great bird


pos: n
definition:
formerly a person (traditionally a Gypsy) who traveled from place to place mending pots and kettles and other metal utensils as a way to earn a living


pos: n
definition:
someone who proposes a toast; someone who drinks to the health of success of someone or some venture


pos: n
definition:
a supporter of traditional political and social institutions against the forces of reform; a political conservative


pos: n
definition:
a member of political party in Great Britain that has been known as the Conservative Party since 1832; was the opposition party to the Whigs


pos: n
definition:
a follower of Tractarianism and supporter of the Oxford movement (which was expounded in pamphlets called `Tracts for the Times')


pos: n
definition:
someone (not an orthodox Christian) who believes that the Father and Son and Holy Ghost are three separate gods


pos: n
definition:
radicals who support Trotsky's theory that socialism must be established throughout the world by continuing revolution


pos: n
definition:
a person who has suddenly risen to a higher economic status but has not gained social acceptance of others in that class


pos: n
definition:
eater of fruits and grains and nuts; someone who eats no meat or fish or (often) any animal products


pos: n
definition:
a church officer who takes care of the interior of the building and acts as an attendant (carries the verge) during ceremonies


pos: n
definition:
a member of the western group of Goths who sacked Rome and created a kingdom in present-day Spain and southern France


pos: n
definition:
a person given to fanciful speculations and enthusiasms with little regard for what is actually possible


pos: n
definition:
a member of a strictly orthodox Sunni Muslim sect from Saudi Arabia; strives to purify Islamic beliefs and rejects any innovation occurring after the 3rd century of Islam


pos: n
definition:
supreme military leader exercising civil power in a region especially one accountable to nobody when the central government is weak


pos: n
definition:
a member of the women's reserve of the United States Navy; originally organized during World War II but now no longer a separate branch


pos: n
definition:
a member of the political party that urged social reform in 18th and 19th century England; was the opposition party to the Tories


pos: n
definition:
the pilot who positions his aircraft outside and behind (on the wing of) the leader of a flying formation


pos: n
definition:
(law) a person who attests to the genuineness of a document or signature by adding their own signature


pos: n
definition:
a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man


pos: n
definition:
(Yiddish) a woman who talks too much; a gossip unable to keep a secret; a woman who spreads rumors and scandal


pos: n
definition:
a young upwardly mobile professional individual; a well-paid middle-class professional who works in a city and has a luxurious life style


pos: n
definition:
a member of an ancient Jewish sect in Judea in the first century who fought to the death against the Romans and who killed or persecuted Jews who collaborated with the Romans


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) elder brother of Moses and first high priest of the Israelites; created the golden calf


pos: n
definition:
the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son


pos: n
definition:
American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803)


pos: n
definition:
English physiologist who conducted research into the function of neurons; 1st baron of Cambridge (1889-1997)


pos: n
definition:
United States naturalist (born in Switzerland) who studied fossil fish; recognized geological evidence that ice ages had occurred in North America (1807-1873)


pos: n
definition:
Roman general who was governor of Britain and extended Roman rule north to the Firth of Forth (37-93)


pos: n
definition:
Roman general who commanded the fleet that defeated the forces of Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (63-12 BC)


pos: n
definition:
wife who poisoned Claudius after her son Nero was declared heir and who was then put to death by Nero


pos: n
definition:
according to the Old Testament he was a pagan king of Israel and husband of Jezebel (9th century BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States painter born in Germany; works characterized by simple geometrical patterns in various colors (1888-1976)


pos: n
definition:
United States author of inspirational adventure stories for boys; virtue and hard work overcome poverty (1832-1899)


pos: n
definition:
an Egyptian polymath (born in Iraq) whose research in geometry and optics was influential into the 17th century; established experiments as the norm of proof in physics (died in 1040)


pos: n
definition:
the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites; he was a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; after his assassination Islam was divided into Shiite and Sunnite sects


pos: n
definition:
a soldier of the American Revolution whose troops helped capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British (1738-1789)


pos: n
definition:
United States comedienne remembered as the confused but imperturbable partner of her husband, George Burns (1906-1964)


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) Roman priest who became bishop of Milan; the first Church Father born and raised in the Christian faith; composer of hymns; imposed orthodoxy on the early Christian church and built up its secular power; a saint and Doctor of the Church (340?-397)


pos: n
definition:
Norwegian explorer who was the first to traverse the Northwest Passage and in 1911 the first to reach the South Pole (1872-1928)


pos: n
definition:
a presocratic Athenian philosopher who maintained that everything is composed of very small particles that were arranged by some eternal intelligence (500-428 BC)


pos: n
definition:
a presocratic Greek philosopher and student of Thales who believed the universal substance to be infinity rather than something resembling ordinary objects (611-547 BC)


pos: n
definition:
a presocratic Greek philosopher and associate of Anaximander who believed that all things are made of air in different degrees of density (6th century BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist who discovered antimatter in the form of an antielectron that is called the positron (1905-1991)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist who studied the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems (1923-)


pos: n
definition:
Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; daughter if James II and the last of the Stuart monarchs; in 1707 she was the last English ruler to exercise the royal veto over parliament (1665-1714)


pos: n
definition:
an Italian who was a Benedictine monk; was archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109; one of the founders of scholasticism; best known for his proof of the existence of God


pos: n
definition:
(Christianity) the adversary of Christ (or Christianity) mentioned in the New Testament; the Antichrist will rule the world until overthrown by the Second Coming of Christ


pos: n
definition:
a general of Alexander the Great and king of Macedonia; lost one eye; killed in a battle at Ipsus (382-301 BC)


pos: n
definition:
Emperor of Rome; nephew and son-in-law and adoptive son of Antonius Pius; Stoic philosopher; the decline of the Roman Empire began under Marcus Aurelius (121-180)


pos: n
definition:
Roman general under Julius Caesar in the Gallic wars; repudiated his wife for the Egyptian queen Cleopatra; they were defeated by Octavian at Actium (83-30 BC)


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology; presented philosophical proofs of the existence of God (1225-1274)


pos: n
definition:
Greek mathematician and physicist noted for his work in hydrostatics and mechanics and geometry (287-212 BC)


pos: n
definition:
an ancient Greek grammarian remembered for his commentary on the Iliad and Odyssey (circa 217-145 BC)


pos: n
definition:
one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great (384-322 BC)


pos: n
definition:
a Greek who was a Christian theologian active in Alexandria and who was declared a heretic for his doctrines about God (which came to be known as Arianism) (256?-336)


pos: n
definition:
Dutch Protestant theologian who founded Arminianism which opposed the absolute predestinarianism of John Calvin (1559-1609)


pos: n
definition:
United States general and traitor in the American Revolution; in 1780 his plan to surrender West Point to the British was foiled (1741-1801)


pos: n
definition:
Alsatian artist and poet who was cofounder of dadaism in Zurich; noted for abstract organic sculptures (1887-1966)


pos: n
definition:
a legendary king of the Britons (possibly based on a historical figure in the 6th century but the story has been retold too many times to be sure); said to have led the Knights of the Round Table at Camelot


pos: n
definition:
elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)


pos: n
definition:
United States tennis player who was the first Black to win United States and English singles championships (1943-1993)


pos: n
definition:
British politician (born in the United States) who was the first woman to sit in the British House of Commons (1879-1964)


pos: n
definition:
Turkish statesman who abolished the caliphate and founded Turkey as a modern secular state (1881-1938)


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) Greek patriarch of Alexandria who championed Christian orthodoxy against Arianism; a church father, saint, and Doctor of the Church (293-373)


pos: n
definition:
British statesman and leader of the Labour Party who instituted the welfare state in Britain (1883-1967)


pos: n
definition:
United States ornithologist and artist (born in Haiti) noted for his paintings of birds of America (1785-1851)


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great Fathers of the early Christian church; after a dramatic conversion to Christianity he became bishop of Hippo Regius in North Africa; St. Augustine emphasized man's need for grace (354-430)


pos: n
definition:
Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)


pos: n
definition:
Arabian philosopher born in Spain; wrote detailed commentaries on Aristotle that were admired by the Schoolmen (1126-1198)


pos: n
definition:
Arabian physician and influential Islamic philosopher; his interpretation of Aristotle influenced St. Thomas Aquinas; writings on medicine were important for almost 500 years (980-1037)


pos: n
definition:
Italian physicist noted for his work on gases; proposed what has come to be called Avogadro's law (1776-1856)


pos: n
definition:
German baroque organist and contrapuntist; composed mostly keyboard music; one of the greatest creators of western music (1685-1750)


pos: n
definition:
English statesman and philosopher; precursor of British empiricism; advocated inductive reasoning (1561-1626)


pos: n
definition:
English scientist and Franciscan monk who stressed the importance of experimentation; first showed that air is required for combustion and first used lenses to correct vision (1220-1292)


pos: n
definition:
English lexicographer who was the first to treat etymology consistently; his work was used as a reference by Samuel Johnson (died in 1742)


pos: n
definition:
United States dancer and choreographer (born in Russia) noted for his abstract and formal works (1904-1983)


pos: n
definition:
Spanish explorer who in 1513 crossed the Isthmus of Darien and became the first European to see the eastern shores of the Pacific Ocean (1475-1519)


pos: n
definition:
English runner who in 1954 became the first person to run a mile in less than four minutes (born in 1929)


pos: n
definition:
Canadian physiologist who discovered insulin with C. H. Best and who used it to treat diabetes(1891-1941)


pos: n
definition:
United States actor; husband of Georgiana Emma Barrymore and father of Ethel Barrymore and John Barrymore and Lionel Barrymore (1847-1905)


pos: n
definition:
United States actress; daughter of John Drew and wife of Maurice Barrymore; mother of Ethel Barrymore and John Barrymore and Lionel Barrymore (1854-1893)


pos: n
definition:
United States explorer who accompanied Peary's expedition to the North Pole and who led many other Arctic trips (1875-1946)


pos: n
definition:
Hungarian composer and pianist who collected Hungarian folk music; in 1940 he moved to the United States (1881-1945)


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) the bishop of Caesarea who defended the Roman Catholic Church against the heresies of the 4th century; a saint and Doctor of the Church (329-379)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) the wife of Uriah and later the wife of king David; Solomon was her son by David (circa 10th century BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States biologist who discovered how hereditary characteristics are transmitted by genes (1903-1989)


pos: n
definition:
British newspaper publisher and politician (born in Canada); confidant of Winston Churchill (1879-1964)


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170; murdered following his opposition to Henry II's attempts to control the clergy (1118-1170)


pos: n
definition:
a playwright and novelist (born in Ireland) who lived in France; wrote plays for the theater of the absurd (1906-1989)


pos: n
definition:
French physicist who discovered that rays emitted by uranium salts affect photographic plates (1852-1908)


pos: n
definition:
German composer of instrumental music (especially symphonic and chamber music); continued to compose after he lost his hearing (1770-1827)


pos: n
definition:
Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)


pos: n
definition:
Byzantine general under Justinian I; he recovered former Roman territories in northern Africa and fought against the Persians


pos: n
definition:
United States author (born in Canada) whose novels influenced American literature after World War II (1915-2005)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) Babylonian general and son of Nebuchadnezzar II; according to the Old Testament he was warned of his doom by divine handwriting on the wall that was interpreted by Daniel (6th century BC)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) the youngest and best-loved son of Jacob and Rachel and one of the twelve forebears of the tribes of Israel


pos: n
definition:
United States aviator who (with Richard E. Byrd) piloted the first flight over the North Pole (1890-1928)


pos: n
definition:
Swedish film director who used heavy symbolism and explored the psychology of the characters (born 1918)


pos: n
definition:
Soviet chief of secret police under Joseph Stalin; was executed by his associates in the power struggle following Stalin's death (1899-1953)


pos: n
definition:
Danish explorer who explored the northern Pacific Ocean for the Russians and discovered the Bering Strait (1681-1741)


pos: n
definition:
United States songwriter (born in Russia) who wrote more than 1500 songs and several musical comedies (1888-1989)


pos: n
definition:
French physiologist noted for research on secretions of the alimentary canal and the glycogenic function of the liver (1813-1878)


pos: n
definition:
Italian sculptor and architect of the baroque period in Italy; designed many churches and chapels and tombs and fountains (1598-1680)


pos: n
definition:
Swedish chemist who discovered three new elements and determined the atomic weights of many others (1779-1848)


pos: n
definition:
German mathematician and astronomer who made accurate measurements of stellar distances and who predicted the existence on an 8th planet (1784-1846)


pos: n
definition:
Canadian physiologist (born in the United States) who assisted F. G. Banting in research leading to the discovery of insulin (1899-1978)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist (born in Germany) noted for research in astrophysics and nuclear physics (1906-2005)


pos: n
definition:
United States educator who worked to improve race relations and educational opportunities for Black Americans (1875-1955)


pos: n
definition:
British economist (born in India) whose report on social insurance provided the basis for most of the social legislation on which the welfare state in the United Kingdom is based (1879-1963)


pos: n
definition:
British labor leader and statesman who played an important role in diplomacy after World War II (1884-1951)


pos: n
definition:
French psychologist remembered for his studies of the intellectual development of children (1857-1911)


pos: n
definition:
British chemist who identified carbon dioxide and who formulated the concepts of specific heat and latent heat (1728-1799)


pos: n
definition:
British admiral; was captain of the H.M.S. Bounty in 1789 when part of the crew mutinied and set him afloat in an open boat; a few weeks later he arrived safely in Timor 4,000 miles away (1754-1817)


pos: n
definition:
United States composer (born in Switzerland) who composed symphonies and chamber music and choral music and a piano sonata and an opera (1880-1959)


pos: n
definition:
a Roman who was an early Christian philosopher and statesman who was executed for treason; Boethius had a decisive influence on medieval logic (circa 480-524)


pos: n
definition:
Danish physicist who studied atomic structure and radiations; the Bohr theory of the atom accounted for the spectrum of hydrogen (1885-1962)


pos: n
definition:
the second wife of Henry VIII and mother of Elizabeth I; was executed on a charge of adultery (1507-1536)


pos: n
definition:
Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule; founded Bolivia in 1825 (1783-1830)


pos: n
definition:
United States civil rights leader who was elected to the legislature in Georgia but was barred from taking his seat because he opposed the Vietnam War (born 1940)


pos: n
definition:
German Lutheran theologian and pastor whose works concern Christianity in the modern world; an active opponent of Nazism, he was arrested and sent to Buchenwald and later executed (1906-1945)


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) Anglo-Saxon missionary who was sent to Frisia and Germany to spread the Christian faith; was martyred in Frisia (680-754)


pos: n
definition:
British nuclear physicist (born in Germany) honored for his contributions to quantum mechanics (1882-1970)


pos: n
definition:
Indian physicist who with Albert Einstein proposed statistical laws based on the indistinguishability of particles; led to the description of fundamental particles that later came to be known as bosons


pos: n
definition:
United States pioneer and hero of the Texas revolt against Mexico; he shared command of the garrison that resisted the Mexican attack on the Alamo where he died (1796-1836)


pos: n
definition:
Irish chemist who established that air has weight and whose definitions of chemical elements and chemical reactions helped to dissociate chemistry from alchemy (1627-1691)


pos: n
definition:
United States printer (born in England) whose press produced the first American prayer book and the New York City's first newspaper (1663-1752)


pos: n
definition:
United States general who played an important role in the Allied victory in World War II (1893-1981)


pos: n
definition:
United States pioneer photographer famous for his portraits; was the official Union photographer for the American Civil War (1823-1896)


pos: n
definition:
Confederate general during the American Civil War who was defeated by Grant in the battle of Chattanooga (1817-1876)


pos: n
definition:
Danish astronomer whose observations of the planets provided the basis for Kepler's laws of planetary motion (1546-1601)


pos: n
definition:
French educator who lost his sight at the age of three and who invented a system of writing and printing for sightless people (1809-1852)


pos: n
definition:
German statesman who as chancellor of West Germany worked to reduce tensions with eastern Europe (1913-1992)


pos: n
definition:
United States rocket engineer (born in Germany where he designed a missile used against England); he led the United States Army team that put the first American satellite into space (1912-1977)


pos: n
definition:
United States architect (born in Hungary) who was associated with the Bauhaus in the 1920's (1902-1981)


pos: n
definition:
United States anthropologist who was the first to attempt a systematic classification of Native American languages (1837-1899)


pos: n
definition:
French anthropologist who studied the craniums and brains of different races of people; remembered for his discovery that articulate speech depends on an area of the brain now known as Broca's area (1824-1880)


pos: n
definition:
Canadian physicist who bounced neutron beams off of atomic nuclei to study the structure of matter (1918-2003)


pos: n
definition:
French nuclear physicist who generalized the wave-particle duality by proposing that particles of matter exhibit wavelike properties (1892-1987)


pos: n
definition:
abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1859)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish botanist who first observed the movement of small particles in fluids now known a Brownian motion (1773-1858)


pos: n
definition:
English poet and husband of Elizabeth Barrett Browning noted for his dramatic monologues (1812-1889)


pos: n
definition:
United States inventor of firearms (especially automatic pistols and repeating rifles and a machine gun called the Peacemaker) (1855-1926)


pos: n
definition:
king of Scotland from 1306 to 1329; defeated the English army under Edward II at Bannockburn and gained recognition of Scottish independence (1274-1329)


pos: n
definition:
Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)


pos: n
definition:
Italian philosopher who used Copernican principles to develop a pantheistic monistic philosophy; condemned for heresy by the Inquisition and burned at the stake (1548-1600)


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) a French cleric (born in Germany) who founded the Carthusian order in 1084 (1032-1101)


pos: n
definition:
statesman of ancient Rome who (with Cassius) led a conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar (85-42 BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925)


pos: n
definition:
Israeli religious philosopher (born in Austria); as a Zionist he promoted understanding between Jews and Arabs; his writings affected Christian thinkers as well as Jews (1878-1965)


pos: n
definition:
United States tennis player who in 1938 was the first to win the Australian and French and English and United States singles championship in the same year (1915-2000)


pos: n
definition:
Bolshevik leader in Russia who advocated gradual collectivism of the farms; was executed in a purge by Stalin (1888-1938)


pos: n
definition:
United States architect who designed the Capitol Building in Washington which served as a model for state capitols throughout the United States (1763-1844)


pos: n
definition:
German chemist who with Kirchhoff pioneered spectrum analysis but is remembered mainly for his invention of the Bunsen burner (1811-1899)


pos: n
definition:
English actor who was the first to play the leading role in several of Shakespeare's tragedies (1567-1619)


pos: n
definition:
United States horticulturist who developed many new varieties of fruits and vegetables and flowers (1849-1926)


pos: n
definition:
United States jurist appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court by Richard Nixon (1907-1995)


pos: n
definition:
British general in the American Revolution who captured Fort Ticonderoga but lost the battle of Saratoga in 1777 (1722-1792)


pos: n
definition:
United States frontierswoman and legendary figure of the Wild West noted for her marksmanship (1852-1903)


pos: n
definition:
British statesman famous for his oratory; pleaded the cause of the American colonists in British Parliament and defended the parliamentary system (1729-1797)


pos: n
definition:
United States general in the American Civil War who was defeated by Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Fredericksburg (1824-1881)


pos: n
definition:
United States politician who served as vice president under Jefferson; he mortally wounded his political rival Alexander Hamilton in a duel and fled south (1756-1836)


pos: n
definition:
English psychologist whose studies of twins were later said to have used fabricated data (1883-1971)


pos: n
definition:
United States electrical engineer who designed an early analogue computer and who led the scientific program of the United States during World War II (1890-1974)


pos: n
definition:
American inventor who in 1775 designed a man-propelled submarine that was ineffectual but subsequently earned him recognition as a submarine pioneer (1742-1824)


pos: n
definition:
English organist and composer of church music; master of 16th century polyphony; was granted a monopoly in music printing with Thomas Tallis (1543-1623)


pos: n
definition:
Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland (ca. 1450-1498)


pos: n
definition:
son of John Cabot who was born in Italy and who led an English expedition in search of the Northwest Passage and a Spanish expedition that explored the La Plata region of Brazil; in 1544 he published a map of the world (1476-1557)


pos: n
definition:
Roman Emperor who succeeded Tiberius and whose uncontrolled passions resulted in manifest insanity; noted for his cruelty and tyranny; was assassinated (12-41)


pos: n
definition:
Greek coloratura soprano (born in the United States) known for her dramatic intensity in operatic roles (1923-1977)


pos: n
definition:
Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564)


pos: n
definition:
United States chemist noted for discovering the series of chemical reactions in photosynthesis (1911-)


pos: n
definition:
king of Denmark and Norway who forced Edmund II to divide England with him; on the death of Edmund II, Canute became king of all England (994-1035)


pos: n
definition:
United States gangster who terrorized Chicago during prohibition until arrested for tax evasion (1899-1947)


pos: n
definition:
Italian painter noted for his realistic depiction of religious subjects and his novel use of light (1573-1610)


pos: n
definition:
United States industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education and public libraries and research trusts (1835-1919)


pos: n
definition:
United States educator famous for writing a book about how to win friends and influence people (1888-1955)


pos: n
definition:
United States architect who with his partner Thomas Hastings designed many important public buildings (1858-1911)


pos: n
definition:
English author; Charles Dodgson was an Oxford don of mathematics who is remembered for the children's stories he wrote under the pen name Lewis Carroll (1832-1898)


pos: n
definition:
United States frontiersman who guided Fremont's expeditions in the 1840s and served as a Union general in the American Civil War (1809-1868)


pos: n
definition:
United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964)


pos: n
definition:
Englishman and Egyptologist who in 1922 discovered and excavated the tomb of Tutankhamen (1873-1939)


pos: n
definition:
French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)


pos: n
definition:
United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes (1864-1943)


pos: n
definition:
German philosopher concerned with concept formation in the human mind and with symbolic forms in human culture generally (1874-1945)


pos: n
definition:
Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)


pos: n
definition:
first wife of Henry VIII; Henry VIII's divorce from her was the initial step of the Reformation in England (1485-1536)


pos: n
definition:
English nurse who remained in Brussels after the German occupation in order to help Allied prisoners escape; was caught and executed by the Germans (1865-1915)


pos: n
definition:
British chemist and physicist who established that water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen and who calculated the density of the earth (1731-1810)


pos: n
definition:
Spanish writer best remembered for `Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616)


pos: n
definition:
French Post-impressionist painter who influenced modern art (especially cubism) by stressing the structural components latent in nature (1839-1906)


pos: n
definition:
British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940)


pos: n
definition:
French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635)


pos: n
definition:
Frenchman and Egyptologist who studied the Rosetta Stone and in 1821 became the first person to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics (1790-1832)


pos: n
definition:
English comedian and film maker; portrayed a downtrodden little man in baggy pants and bowler hat (1889-1977)


pos: n
definition:
British biochemist (born in Germany) who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1906-1979)


pos: n
definition:
American psychologist (born in England) who developed a broad theory of human behavior based on multivariate research (1905-1998)


pos: n
definition:
son of James I who was King of England and Scotland and Ireland; was deposed and executed by Oliver Cromwell (1600-1649)


pos: n
definition:
King of France who began his reign with most of northern France under English control; after the intervention of Jeanne d'Arc the French were able to defeat the English and end the Hundred Years' War (1403-1461)


pos: n
definition:
King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)


pos: n
definition:
United States politician and jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1808-1873)


pos: n
definition:
Russian dramatist whose plays are concerned with the difficulty of communication between people (1860-1904)


pos: n
definition:
conservative English writer of the Roman Catholic persuasion; in addition to volumes of criticism and polemics he wrote detective novels featuring Father Brown (1874-1936)


pos: n
definition:
a British cabinetmaker remembered for his graceful designs (especially of chairs) which influenced his contemporaries (1718-1779)


pos: n
definition:
Italian painter (born in Greece) whose deep shadows and barren landscapes strongly influenced the surrealists (1888-1978)


pos: n
definition:
United States linguist whose theory of generative grammar redefined the field of linguistics (born 1928)


pos: n
definition:
British statesman and leader during World War II; received Nobel prize for literature in 1953 (1874-1965)


pos: n
definition:
painter of the Florentine school; anticipated the move from Byzantine to naturalistic art (1240-1302)


pos: n
definition:
Roman statesman regarded as a model of simple virtue; he twice was called to assume dictatorship of Rome and each time retired to his farm (519-438 BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States psychologist (born in Panama) whose research persuaded the Supreme Court that segregated schools were discriminatory (1914-2005)


pos: n
definition:
United States general who was Allied commander in Africa and Italy in World War II and was commander of the United Nations forces in Korea (1896-1984)


pos: n
definition:
United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)


pos: n
definition:
Roman Emperor after his nephew Caligula was murdered; consolidated the Roman Empire and conquered southern Britain; was poisoned by his fourth wife Agrippina after her son Nero was named as Claudius' heir (10 BC to AD 54)


pos: n
definition:
Prussian general and military theorist who proposed a doctrine of total war and war as an extension of diplomacy (1780-1831)


pos: n
definition:
United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852)


pos: n
definition:
United States general who commanded United States forces in Europe from 1945 to 1949 and who oversaw the Berlin airlift (1897-1978)


pos: n
definition:
ancient Greek philosopher who succeeded Zeno of Citium as the leader of the Stoic school (300-232 BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1835-1910)


pos: n
definition:
beautiful and charismatic queen of Egypt; mistress of Julius Caesar and later of Mark Antony; killed herself to avoid capture by Octavian (69-30 BC)


pos: n
definition:
American geneticist who succeeded in transferring a functioning gene from one mouse to another (born in 1934)


pos: n
definition:
United States politician who as governor of New York supported the project to build the Erie Canal (1769-1828)


pos: n
definition:
British general and statesman whose victory at Plassey in 1757 strengthened British control of India (1725-1774)


pos: n
definition:
king of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy; his name was rendered as Gallic `Louis' (466-511)


pos: n
definition:
United States aviator who held several speed records and headed the women's Air Force pilots in World War II (1910-1980)


pos: n
definition:
German botanist who is generally recognized as founding bacteriology when he recognized bacteria as plants


pos: n
definition:
Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist noted for research on x-rays and gamma rays and nuclear energy; his observation that X-rays behave like miniature bowling balls in their interactions with electrons provided evidence for the quantal nature of light (1892-1962)


pos: n
definition:
United States reformer who led moral crusades against art and literature that he considered obscene (1844-1915)


pos: n
definition:
French philosopher remembered as the founder of positivism; he also established sociology as a systematic field of study


pos: n
definition:
Chinese philosopher whose ideas and sayings were collected after his death and became the basis of a philosophical doctrine known a Confucianism (circa 551-478 BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States tennis player who was the first woman to win the United States, British, French, and Australian championships in the same year (1953) (1934-1969)


pos: n
definition:
Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire; in 330 he moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople (280-337)


pos: n
definition:
English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779)


pos: n
definition:
United States financier who marketed Union bonds to finance the American Civil War; the failure of his bank resulted in a financial panic in 1873 (1821-1905)


pos: n
definition:
elected vice president and succeeded as 30th President of the United States when Harding died in 1923 (1872-1933)


pos: n
definition:
United States industrialist who built the first American locomotive; founded Cooper Union in New York City to offer free courses in the arts and sciences (1791-1883)


pos: n
definition:
Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)


pos: n
definition:
American painter who did portraits of Paul Revere and John Hancock before fleeing to England to avoid the American Revolution (1738-1815)


pos: n
definition:
United States businessman who unified the telegraph system in the United States and who in 1865 (with Andrew D. White) founded Cornell University (1807-1874)


pos: n
definition:
commander of the British forces in the American War of Independence; was defeated by American and French troops at Yorktown (1738-1805)


pos: n
definition:
French psychotherapist who claimed that if one imagined one was getting better, one would get better (1857-1926)


pos: n
definition:
French physicist famous for his discoveries in the field of electricity and magnetism; formulated Coulomb's Law (1736-1806)


pos: n
definition:
English biochemist who (with Watson in 1953) helped discover the helical structure of DNA (1916-2004)


pos: n
definition:
patron saint of shoemakers; he and his brother were martyred for trying to spread Christianity (3rd century)


pos: n
definition:
United States physician who specialized in diseases of the intestines; he was the first to describe regional ileitis which is now known as Crohn's disease (1884-1983)


pos: n
definition:
English chemist and physicist; discovered thallium; invented the radiometer and studied cathode rays (1832-1919)


pos: n
definition:
French chemist (born in Poland) who won two Nobel prizes; one (with her husband and Henri Becquerel) for research on radioactivity and another for her discovery of radium and polonium (1867-1934)


pos: n
definition:
American chemist who with Richard Smalley and Harold Kroto discovered fullerenes and opened a new branch of chemistry (born in 1933)


pos: n
definition:
United States lithographer who (with his partner James Ives) produced thousands of prints signed `Currier & Ives' (1813-1888)


pos: n
definition:
United States neurologist noted for his study of the brain and pituitary gland and who identified Cushing's syndrome (1869-1939)


pos: n
definition:
United States general who was killed along with all his command by the Sioux at the Battle of Little Bighorn (1839-1876)


pos: n
definition:
Austrian virtuoso pianist and composer of many works for the piano; studied with Beethoven and was a teacher of Liszt (1791-1857)


pos: n
definition:
Portuguese navigator who led an expedition around the Cape of Good Hope in 1497; he sighted and named Natal on Christmas Day before crossing the Indian Ocean (1469-1524)


pos: n
definition:
German engineer and automobile manufacturer who produced the first high-speed internal combustion engine (1834-1900)


pos: n
definition:
English chemist and physicist who formulated atomic theory and the law of partial pressures; gave the first description of red-green color blindness (1766-1844)


pos: n
definition:
the Greek courtier to Dionysius the Elder who (according to legend) was condemned to sit under a naked sword that was suspended by a hair in order to demonstrate to him that being a king was not the happy state Damocles had said it was (4th century BC)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) a youth who was taken into the court of Nebuchadnezzar and given divine protection when thrown into a den of lions (6th century BC)


pos: n
definition:
an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)


pos: n
definition:
French revolutionary leader who stormed the Paris bastille and who supported the execution of Louis XVI but was guillotined by Robespierre for his opposition to the Reign of Terror (1759-1794)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) the 2nd king of the Israelites; as a young shepherd he fought Goliath (a giant Philistine warrior) and killed him by hitting him in the head with a stone flung from a sling; he united Israel with Jerusalem as its capital; many of the Psalms are attributed to David (circa 1000-962 BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States tennis player who donated the Davis Cup for international team tennis competition (1879-1945)


pos: n
definition:
American statesman; president of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War (1808-1889)


pos: n
definition:
English chemist who was a pioneer in electrochemistry and who used it to isolate elements sodium and potassium and barium and boron and calcium and magnesium and chlorine (1778-1829)


pos: n
definition:
American patriot who rode with Paul Revere to warn that the British were advancing on Lexington and Concord (1745-1799)


pos: n
definition:
Emperor of Rome who was proclaimed emperor against his will; his reign was notable for his severe persecution of Christians (201-251)


pos: n
definition:
United States industrialist who manufactured plows suitable for working the prairie soil (1804-1886)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) the Philistine mistress of Samson who betrayed him by cutting off his hair and so deprived him of his strength


pos: n
definition:
French royal architect who built the Tuileries Palace and Gardens in Paris for Catherine de Medicis (1515-1570)


pos: n
definition:
son of Antigonus Cyclops and king of Macedonia; he and his father were defeated at the battle of Ipsus (337-283 BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States film maker remembered for his extravagant and spectacular epic productions (1881-1959)


pos: n
definition:
Swiss linguist and expert in historical linguistics whose lectures laid the foundations for synchronic linguistics (1857-1913)


pos: n
definition:
French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter; introduced the use of coordinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions (1596-1650)


pos: n
definition:
Dutch botanist who rediscovered Mendel's laws and developed the mutation theory of evolution (1848-1935)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish chemist and physicist noted for his work in cryogenics and his invention of the Dewar flask (1842-1923)


pos: n
definition:
Russian ballet impresario who founded the Russian ballet and later introduced it to the West (1872-1929)


pos: n
definition:
English aristocrat who was the first wife of Prince Charles; her death in an automobile accident in Paris produced intense national mourning (1961-1997)


pos: n
definition:
Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500)


pos: n
definition:
French philosopher who was a leading figure of the Enlightenment in France; principal editor of an encyclopedia that disseminated the scientific and philosophical knowledge of the time (1713-1784)


pos: n
definition:
United States film actress (born in Germany) who made many films with Josef von Sternberg and later was a successful cabaret star (1901-1992)


pos: n
definition:
Danish writer who lived in Kenya for 19 years and is remembered for her writings about Africa (1885-1962)


pos: n
definition:
Roman Emperor who when faced with military problems decided in 286 to divide the Roman Empire between himself in the east and Maximian in the west; he initiated the last persecution of the Christians in 303 (245-313)


pos: n
definition:
French couturier whose first collection in 1947 created a style that became known as the New Look (1905-1957)


pos: n
definition:
English theoretical physicist who applied relativity theory to quantum mechanics and predicted the existence of antimatter and the positron (1902-1984)


pos: n
definition:
United States film maker who pioneered animated cartoons and created such characters as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck; founded Disneyland (1901-1966)


pos: n
definition:
British statesman who as Prime Minister bought controlling interest in the Suez Canal and made Queen Victoria the empress of India (1804-1881)


pos: n
definition:
United States social reformer who pioneered in the reform of prisons and in the treatment of the mentally ill; superintended women army nurses during the American Civil War (1802-1887)


pos: n
definition:
United States electrical engineer who devised the Dolby system used to reduce background noise in tape recording


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) Spanish priest who founded an order whose members became known as Dominicans or Black Friars (circa 1170-1221)


pos: n
definition:
Emperor of Rome; son of Vespasian who succeeded his brother Titus; instigated a reign of terror and was assassinated as a tyrant (51-96)


pos: n
definition:
Roman grammarian whose textbook on Latin grammar was used throughout the Middle Ages (fourth century)


pos: n
definition:
English engineer who developed a method of preserving food by sterilizing it with heat and sealing it inside a steel container--the first tin can (1768-1855)


pos: n
definition:
United States Air Force officer who electrified the world in 1942 by leading a squadron of 16 bombers on a daylight raid over Tokyo (1896-1993)


pos: n
definition:
United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)


pos: n
definition:
United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895)


pos: n
definition:
British marshal of the RAF who commanded the British air defense forces that defeated the Luftwaffe during the Battle of Britain (1882-1970)


pos: n
definition:
United States landscape architect who designed the grounds of the White House and the Capitol Building (1815-1852)


pos: n
definition:
Athenian lawmaker whose code of laws prescribed death for almost every offense (circa 7th century BC)


pos: n
definition:
English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)


pos: n
definition:
French army officer of Jewish descent whose false imprisonment for treason in 1894 raised issues of anti-Semitism that dominated French politics until his release in 1906 (1859-1935)


pos: n
definition:
French artist who immigrated to the United States; a leader in the dada movement in New York City; was first to exhibit commonplace objects as art (1887-1968)


pos: n
definition:
United States diplomat who (as Secretary of State) pursued a policy of opposition to the USSR by providing aid to American allies (1888-1959)


pos: n
definition:
son and successor of Francois Duvalier as president of Haiti; he was overthrown by a mass uprising in 1986 (born in 1951)


pos: n
definition:
first woman aviator to fly solo nonstop across the Atlantic (1928); while attempting to fly around the world she disappeared over the Pacific (1898-1937)


pos: n
definition:
United States inventor of a dry-plate process of developing photographic film and of flexible film (his firm introduced roll film) and of the box camera and of a process for color photography (1854-1932)


pos: n
definition:
Australian physiologist noted for his research on the conduction of impulses by nerve cells (1903-1997)


pos: n
definition:
the younger brother of Edwy who became king of Northumbria when it renounced Edwy; on Edwy's death he succeeded to the throne of England (944-975)


pos: n
definition:
United States inventor; inventions included the phonograph and incandescent electric light and the microphone and the Kinetoscope (1847-1931)


pos: n
definition:
son of Edward III who defeated the French at Crecy and Poitiers in the Hundred Years' War (1330-1376)


pos: n
definition:
King of England from 1307 to 1327 and son of Edward I; was defeated at Bannockburn by the Scots led by Robert the Bruce; was deposed and died in prison (1284-1327)


pos: n
definition:
son of Edward II and King of England from 1327-1377; his claim to the French throne provoked the Hundred Years' War; his reign was marked by an epidemic of the Black Plague and by the emergence of the House of Commons as the powerful arm of British Parliament (1312-1377)


pos: n
definition:
King of England from 1461 to 1470 and from 1471 to 1483; was dethroned in 1470 but regained the throne in 1471 by his victory at the battle of Tewkesbury (1442-1483)


pos: n
definition:
King of England who was crowned at the age of 13 on the death of his father Edward IV but was immediately confined to the Tower of London where he and his younger brother were murdered (1470-1483)


pos: n
definition:
King of England and Ireland from 1547 to 1553; son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour; died of tuberculosis (1537-1553)


pos: n
definition:
King of England from 1901 to 1910; son of Victoria and Prince Albert; famous for his elegant sporting ways (1841-1910)


pos: n
definition:
King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)


pos: n
definition:
American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758)


pos: n
definition:
king of Wessex whose military victories made Wessex the most powerful kingdom in England (died in 839)


pos: n
definition:
German bacteriologist who found a `magic bullet' to cure syphilis and was a pioneer in the study of immunology (1854-1915)


pos: n
definition:
Austrian who became the Nazi official who administered the concentration camps where millions of Jews were murdered during World War II (1906-1962)


pos: n
definition:
physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity; Einstein also proposed that light consists of discrete quantized bundles of energy (later called photons) (1879-1955)


pos: n
definition:
United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany; 34th President of the United States (1890-1961)


pos: n
definition:
United States photographer (born in Germany) whose unposed documentary photographs created photojournalism (born in 1898)


pos: n
definition:
Russian film maker who pioneered the use of montage and is considered among the most influential film makers in the history of motion pictures (1898-1948)


pos: n
definition:
British composer of choral and orchestral works including two symphonies as well as songs and chamber music and music for brass band (1857-1934)


pos: n
definition:
Spanish painter (born in Greece) remembered for his religious works characterized by elongated human forms and dramatic use of color (1541-1614)


pos: n
definition:
a Hebrew prophet in the Old Testament who opposed the worship of idols; he was persecuted for rebuking Ahab and Jezebel (king and queen of Israel); he was taken up to heaven in a chariot of fire (circa 9th century BC)


pos: n
definition:
British writer of novels characterized by realistic analysis of provincial Victorian society (1819-1880)


pos: n
definition:
British poet (born in the United States) who won the Nobel prize for literature; his plays are outstanding examples of modern verse drama (1888-1965)


pos: n
definition:
Queen of England from 1558 to 1603; daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; she succeeded Mary I (who was a Catholic) and restored Protestantism to England; during her reign Mary Queen of Scots was executed and the Spanish Armada was defeated; her reign was marked by prosperity and literary genius (1533-1603)


pos: n
definition:
daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)


pos: n
definition:
United States novelist who wrote about a young Black man and his struggles in American society (1914-1994)


pos: n
definition:
Greek philosopher who taught that all matter is composed of particles of fire and water and air and earth (fifth century BC)


pos: n
definition:
Greek philosopher who believed that the world is a random combination of atoms and that pleasure is the highest good (341-270 BC)


pos: n
definition:
British sculptor (born in the United States) noted for busts and large controversial works (1880-1959)


pos: n
definition:
Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe; although his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther (1466-1536)


pos: n
definition:
Greek mathematician and astronomer who estimated the circumference of the earth and the distances to the Moon and sun (276-194 BC)


pos: n
definition:
painter (born in Germany, resident of France and the United States) who was a cofounder of dadaism; developed the technique of collage (1891-1976)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) the eldest son of Isaac who would have inherited the covenant that God made with Abraham and that Abraham passed on to Isaac; he traded his birthright to his twin brother Jacob for a mess of pottage


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) a beautiful Jewess chosen by the king of Persia to be his queen; she stopped a plot to massacre all the Jews in Persia (an event celebrated by Jews as the feast of Purim)


pos: n
definition:
Anglo-Saxon king of Kent who was converted to Christianity by Saint Augustine; codified English law (552-616)


pos: n
definition:
king of Wessex and Kent and elder brother of Alfred; Alfred joined Ethelred's battle against the invading Danes and succeeded him on his death (died in 871)


pos: n
definition:
king of the English who succeeded to the throne after his half-brother Edward the Martyr was murdered; he struggled unsuccessfully against the invading Danes (969-1016)


pos: n
definition:
Austrian general in the service of the Holy Roman Empire during the War of the Spanish Succession (1663-1736)


pos: n
definition:
Christian bishop of Caesarea in Palestine; a church historian and a leading early Christian exegete (circa 270-340)


pos: n
definition:
Italian anatomist who was one of the fathers of modern anatomy; noted for descriptions of the ear and the heart (1520-1574)


pos: n
definition:
British archaeologist who excavated the palace of Knossos in Crete to find what he called Minoan civilization (1851-1941)


pos: n
definition:
United States tennis player who won women's singles titles in the United States and at Wimbledon (born in 1954)


pos: n
definition:
Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)


pos: n
definition:
a British psychologist (born in Germany) noted for his theories of intelligence and personality and for his strong criticism of Freudian psychoanalysis


pos: n
definition:
Russian goldsmith noted for creating a series of jeweled and enameled Easter eggs for European royalty (1846-1920)


pos: n
definition:
German physicist who invented the mercury thermometer and developed the scale of temperature that bears his name (1686-1736)


pos: n
definition:
United States civil rights leader who in 1942 founded the Congress of Racial Equality (born in 1920)


pos: n
definition:
youngest daughter of the prophet Mohammed and wife of the fourth calif Ali; revered especially by Shiite Muslims (606-632)


pos: n
definition:
United States novelist (originally Falkner) who wrote about people in the southern United States (1897-1962)


pos: n
definition:
English conspirator who was executed for his role in a plot to blow up James I and the Houses of Parliament (1570-1606)


pos: n
definition:
German physicist who founded psychophysics; derived Fechner's law on the basis of early work by E. H. Weber (1801-1887)


pos: n
definition:
the king of Castile and Aragon who ruled jointly with his wife Isabella; his marriage to Isabella I in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain and their capture of Granada from the Moors in 1492 united Spain as one country; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and supported the expedition of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1452-1516)


pos: n
definition:
French mathematician who founded number theory; contributed (with Pascal) to the theory of probability (1601-1665)


pos: n
definition:
Italian nuclear physicist (in the United States after 1939) who worked on artificial radioactivity caused by neutron bombardment and who headed the group that in 1942 produced the first controlled nuclear reaction (1901-1954)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist who contributed to the theory of the interaction of photons and electrons (1918-1988)


pos: n
definition:
elected vice president and became the 13th President of the United States when Zachary Taylor died in office (1800-1874)


pos: n
definition:
English linguist who contributed to linguistic semantics and to prosodic phonology and who was noted for his insistence on studying both sound and meaning in context (1890-1960)


pos: n
definition:
English poet remembered primarily for his free translation of the poetry of Omar Khayyam (1809-1883)


pos: n
definition:
Roman statesman and general who built the Flaminian Way; died when he was defeated by Hannibal (died 217 BC)


pos: n
definition:
prolific English dramatist who collaborated with Francis Beaumont and many other dramatists (1579-1625)


pos: n
definition:
British pathologist who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1898-1968)


pos: n
definition:
United States actress (born in England) who married Alfred Lunt and performed with him in many plays (1887-1983)


pos: n
definition:
38th President of the United States; appointed vice president and succeeded Nixon when Nixon resigned (1913-)


pos: n
definition:
United States athlete who revolutionized the high jump by introducing the Fosbury flop in the 1968 Olympics (born in 1947)


pos: n
definition:
United States songwriter whose songs embody the sentiment of the South before the American Civil War (1826-1864)


pos: n
definition:
French physicist who determined the speed of light and showed that it travels slower in water than in air; invented the Foucault pendulum and the gyroscope (1819-1868)


pos: n
definition:
French sociologist and reformer who hoped to achieve universal harmony by reorganizing society (1772-1837)


pos: n
definition:
French artist whose rococo paintings typified the frivolity of life in the royal court of France in the 18th century (1732-1806)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist (born in Germany) who with Gustav Hertz performed an electron scattering experiment that proved the existence of the stationary energy states postulated by Niels Bohr (1882-1964)


pos: n
definition:
Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975)


pos: n
definition:
printer whose success as an author led him to take up politics; he helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists; as a scientist he is remembered particularly for his research in electricity (1706-1790)


pos: n
definition:
Holy Roman Emperor from 1152 to 1190; conceded supremacy to the pope; drowned leading the Third Crusade (1123-1190)


pos: n
definition:
United States sculptor who created the seated marble figure of Abraham Lincoln in the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. (1850-1931)


pos: n
definition:
United States economist noted as a proponent of monetarism and for his opposition to government intervention in the economy (born in 1912)


pos: n
definition:
British physicist (born in Austria) who with Lise Meitner recognized that Otto Hahn had produced a new kind of nuclear reaction which they named nuclear fission; Frisch described the explosive potential of a chain nuclear reaction (1904-1979)


pos: n
definition:
English explorer who led an expedition in search of the Northwest Passage to the orient; served under Drake and helped defeat the Spanish Armada (1535-1594)


pos: n
definition:
British physicist who was born in Germany and fled Nazi persecution; in the 1940s he passed secret information to the USSR about the development of the atom bomb in the United States (1911-1988)


pos: n
definition:
South African playwright whose plays feature the racial tensions in South Africa during apartheid (born in 1932)


pos: n
definition:
United States senator who is remembered for his creation of grants that fund exchange programs of teachers and students between the United States and other countries (1905-1995)


pos: n
definition:
American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)


pos: n
definition:
United States biochemist (born in Poland) who showed that several diseases were caused by dietary deficiencies and who coined the term `vitamin' for the chemicals involved (1884-1967)


pos: n
definition:
Greek anatomist whose theories formed the basis of European medicine until the Renaissance (circa 130-200)


pos: n
definition:
Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642)


pos: n
definition:
United States educator who established the first free school in the United States for the hearing impaired (1787-1851)


pos: n
definition:
French mathematician who described the conditions for solving polynomial equations; was killed in a duel at the age of 21 (1811-1832)


pos: n
definition:
English scientist (cousin of Charles Darwin) who explored many fields including heredity, meteorology, statistics, psychology, and anthropology; founder of eugenics and first to use fingerprints for identification (1822-1911)


pos: n
definition:
Italian physiologist noted for his discovery that frogs' muscles contracted in an electric field (which led to the galvanic cell) (1737-1798)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist (born in Russia) who was a proponent of the big-bang theory and who did research in radioactivity and suggested the triplet code for DNA (1904-1968)


pos: n
definition:
political and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule; an advocate of passive resistance (1869-1948)


pos: n
definition:
Spanish poet and dramatist who was shot dead by Franco's soldiers soon after the start of the Spanish Civil War (1898-1936)


pos: n
definition:
United States collector and patron of art who built a museum in Boston to house her collection and opened it to the public in 1903 (1840-1924)


pos: n
definition:
Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882)


pos: n
definition:
United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)


pos: n
definition:
German mathematician who developed the theory of numbers and who applied mathematics to electricity and magnetism and astronomy and geodesy (1777-1855)


pos: n
definition:
French diplomat who in 1793 tried to draw the United States into the war between France and England (1763-1834)


pos: n
definition:
Elector of Hanover and the first Hanoverian King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1714 to 1727 (1660-1727)


pos: n
definition:
King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760 to 1820; the American colonies were lost during his reign; he became insane in 1811 and his son (later George IV) acted as regent until 1820 (1738-1820)


pos: n
definition:
King of Great Britain and Ireland and Hanover from 1820 to 1830; his attempt to divorce his estranged wife undermined the prestige of the Crown (1762-1830)


pos: n
definition:
King of Great Britain and Ireland and emperor of India from 1910 to 1936; gave up his German title in 1917 during World War I (1865-1936)


pos: n
definition:
King of Great Britain and Ireland and emperor of India from 1936 to 1947; he succeeded Edward VIII (1895-1952)


pos: n
definition:
Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)


pos: n
definition:
Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest as resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909)


pos: n
definition:
United States composer who incorporated jazz into classical forms and composed scores for musical comedies (1898-1937)


pos: n
definition:
United States tennis player who was the first Black woman player to win all the major world singles titles (1927-2003)


pos: n
definition:
English navigator who in 1583 established in Newfoundland the first English colony in North America (1539-1583)


pos: n
definition:
a librettist who was a collaborator with Sir Arthur Sullivan in a famous series of comic operettas (1836-1911)


pos: n
definition:
Florentine painter who gave up the stiff Byzantine style and developed a more naturalistic style; considered the greatest Italian painter prior to the Renaissance (1267-1337)


pos: n
definition:
made the first orbital rocket-powered flight by a United States astronaut in 1962; later in United States Senate (1921-)


pos: n
definition:
French film maker influenced by surrealism; early work explored the documentary use of film; noted for innovative techniques (born in 1930)


pos: n
definition:
United States mathematician (born in Austria) who is remembered principally for demonstrating the limitations of axiomatic systems (1906-1978)


pos: n
definition:
according to legend she rode naked through Coventry in order to persuade her husband not to tax the townspeople so heavily; the only person to look at her as she rode by was a man named Tom and Peeping Tom has become a synonym for voyeur (circa 1040-1080)


pos: n
definition:
United States army officer and engineer who supervised the construction of the Panama Canal (1858-1928)


pos: n
definition:
United States cartoonist who drew intricate diagrams of very complicated and impractical contraptions that accomplished little or nothing (1883-1970)


pos: n
definition:
United States anarchist (born in Russia) who opposed conscription; was deported to the Soviet Union in 1919 (1869-1940)


pos: n
definition:
United States inventor (born in Hungary) who made the first TV broadcast in 1940 and invented the long-playing record in 1948 and pioneered videocassette recording (1906-1977)


pos: n
definition:
United States film maker (born in Poland) who founded his own film company and later merged with Louis B. Mayer (1882-1974)


pos: n
definition:
Italian histologist noted for work on the structure of the nervous system and for his discovery of Golgi bodies (1844-1926)


pos: n
definition:
United States labor leader (born in England) who was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1886 to 1924 (1850-1924)


pos: n
definition:
French writer who collaborated with his brother Jules de Goncourt on many books and who in his will established the Prix Goncourt (1822-1896)


pos: n
definition:
United States clarinetist who in 1934 formed a big band (including black as well as white musicians) and introduced a kind of jazz known as swing (1909-1986)


pos: n
definition:
Soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms (born in 1931)


pos: n
definition:
South African novelist and short-story writer whose work describes the effects of apartheid (born in 1923)


pos: n
definition:
United States Army surgeon who suppressed yellow fever in Havana and in the Panama Canal Zone (1854-1920)


pos: n
definition:
United States financier who gained control of the Erie Canal and who caused a financial panic in 1869 when he attempted to corner the gold market (1836-1892)


pos: n
definition:
United States dancer and choreographer whose work was noted for its austerity and technical rigor (1893-1991)


pos: n
definition:
United States composer (born in Australia) who lived in London and collected English folk songs (1882-1961)


pos: n
definition:
Danish physician and bacteriologist who developed a method of staining bacteria to distinguish among them (1853-1938)


pos: n
definition:
18th President of the United States; commander of the Union armies in the American Civil War (1822-1885)


pos: n
definition:
United States botanist who specialized in North American flora and who was an early supporter of Darwin's theories of evolution (1810-1888)


pos: n
definition:
American navigator who twice circumnavigated the globe and who discovered the Columbia River (1755-1806)


pos: n
definition:
English radiobiologist in whose honor the gray (the SI unit of energy for the absorbed dose of radiation) was named (1905-1965)


pos: n
definition:
United States labor leader who was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1924 to 1952 and who led the struggle with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (1873-1952)


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) an Italian pope distinguished for his spiritual and temporal leadership; a saint and Doctor of the Church (540?-604)


pos: n
definition:
the Italian pope who fought to establish the supremacy of the pope over the Roman Catholic Church and the supremacy of the church over the state (1020-1085)


pos: n
definition:
the Italian pope from 1406 to 1415 who worked to end the Great Schism and who retired to make it possible (1327-1417)


pos: n
definition:
Italian pope from 1831 to 1846; conservative in politics and theology; worked to propagate Catholicism in England and the United States (1765-1846)


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) a church father known for his constant fight against perceived heresies; a saint and Doctor of the Church (329-391)


pos: n
definition:
Englishman who as Prime Minister implemented social reforms including the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire (1764-1845)


pos: n
definition:
Queen of England for nine days in 1553; she was quickly replaced by Mary Tudor and beheaded for treason (1537-1554)


pos: n
definition:
the older of the two Grimm brothers remembered best for their fairy stories; also author of Grimm's law describing consonant changes in Germanic languages (1785-1863)


pos: n
definition:
Dutch jurist and diplomat whose writings established the basis of modern international law (1583-1645)


pos: n
definition:
an Argentine revolutionary leader who was Fidel Castro's chief lieutenant in the Cuban revolution; active in other Latin American countries; was captured and executed by the Bolivian army (1928-1967)


pos: n
definition:
(Arthurian legend) wife of King Arthur; in some versions of the legend she became Lancelot's lover and that led to the end of the Knights of the Round Table


pos: n
definition:
United States industrialist (born in Switzerland) who with his sons established vast mining and metal processing companies (1828-1905)


pos: n
definition:
United States philanthropist; son of Meyer Guggenheim who created several foundations to support the arts (1861-1949)


pos: n
definition:
king of Sweden whose victories in battle made Sweden a European power; his domestic reforms made Sweden a modern state; in 1630 he intervened on the Protestant side of the Thirty Years' War and was killed in the battle of Lutzen (1594-1632)


pos: n
definition:
German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)


pos: n
definition:
Roman Emperor who was the adoptive son of Trajan; travelled throughout his empire to strengthen its frontiers and encourage learning and architecture; on a visit to Britain in 122 he ordered the construction of Hadrian's Wall (76-138)


pos: n
definition:
German biologist and philosopher; advocated Darwinism and formulated the theory of recapitulation; was an exponent of materialistic monism (1834-1919)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish physiologist and brother of Richard Haldane and Elizabeth Haldane; noted for research into industrial diseases (1860-1936)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish geneticist (son of John Haldane) who contributed to the development of population genetics; a popularizer of science and a Marxist (1892-1964)


pos: n
definition:
United States astronomer who discovered that sunspots are associated with strong magnetic fields (1868-1938)


pos: n
definition:
a soldier of the American Revolution who was hanged as a spy by the British; his last words were supposed to have been `I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country' (1755-1776)


pos: n
definition:
United States writer and Afro-American who wrote a fictionalized account of tracing his family roots back to Africa (1921-1992)


pos: n
definition:
United States chemist who developed an economical method of producing aluminum from bauxite (1863-1914)


pos: n
definition:
United States child psychologist whose theories of child psychology strongly influenced educational psychology (1844-1924)


pos: n
definition:
English writer whose novel about a lesbian relationship was banned in Britain for many years (1883-1943)


pos: n
definition:
United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank; was mortally wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr (1755-1804)


pos: n
definition:
Swedish diplomat who greatly extended the influence of the United Nations in peacekeeping matters (1905-1961)


pos: n
definition:
United States lyricist who collaborated on many musical comedies (most successfully with Richard Rodgers) (1895-1960)


pos: n
definition:
American revolutionary patriot who was president of the Continental Congress; was the first signer of the Declaration of Independence (1737-1793)


pos: n
definition:
a prolific British baroque composer (born in Germany) remembered best for his oratorio Messiah (1685-1759)


pos: n
definition:
general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War; crossed the Alps and defeated the Romans but was recalled to defend Carthage and was defeated (247-182 BC)


pos: n
definition:
29th President of the United States; two of his appointees were involved in the Teapot Dome scandal (1865-1823)


pos: n
definition:
United States slapstick comedian who played the pompous and overbearing member of the Laurel and Hardy duo who made many films (1892-1957)


pos: n
definition:
United States financier who negotiated a treaty with the Soviet Union banning tests of nuclear weapons (1891-1986)


pos: n
definition:
British marshal of the Royal Air Force; during World War II he directed mass bombing raids against German cities that resulted in heavy civilian casualties (1892-1984)


pos: n
definition:
United States linguist (born in Ukraine) who developed mathematical linguistics and interpreted speech and writing in a social context (1909-1992)


pos: n
definition:
9th President of the United States; caught pneumonia during his inauguration and died shortly after (1773-1841)


pos: n
definition:
English merchant who took over a shop in London that was expanded by his son into a prestigious department store (1800-1885)


pos: n
definition:
English merchant who expanded his father's shop in London into a prestigious department store (1841-1905)


pos: n
definition:
American philanthropist who left his library and half his estate to the Massachusetts college that now bears his name (1607-1638)


pos: n
definition:
English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood; he later proposed that all animals originate from an ovum produced by the female of the species (1578-1657)


pos: n
definition:
general who commanded a Carthaginian army in Spain; joined his brother Hannibal in Italy and was killed by the Romans at the battle of Metaurus River (died 207 BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States architect who formed and important architectural firm with John Merven Carrere (1860-1929)


pos: n
definition:
Czech dramatist and statesman whose plays opposed totalitarianism and who served as president of Czechoslovakia from 1989 to 1992 and president of the Czech Republic since 1993 (born in 1936)


pos: n
definition:
English privateer involved in the slave trade; later helped build the fleet that in 1588 defeated the Spanish Armada (1532-1595)


pos: n
definition:
English biochemist who was a pioneer in research on carbohydrates; when he synthesized vitamin C he became the first person to synthesize a vitamin artificially (1883-1950)


pos: n
definition:
English economist (born in Austria) noted for work on the optimum allocation of resources (1899-1992)


pos: n
definition:
19th President of the United States; his administration removed federal troops from the South and so ended the Reconstruction Period (1822-1893)


pos: n
definition:
United States lawyer and politician who formulated a production code that prescribed the moral content of United States films from 1930 to 1966 (1879-1954)


pos: n
definition:
United States labor leader and militant socialist who was one of the founders of the Industrial Workers of the World (1869-1928)


pos: n
definition:
United States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism (1863-1951)


pos: n
definition:
English physicist and electrical engineer who helped develop telegraphic and telephonic communications; in 1902 (independent of A. E. Kennelly) he suggested the existence of an atmospheric layer that reflects radio waves back to earth (1850-1925)


pos: n
definition:
German philosopher whose three stage process of dialectical reasoning was adopted by Karl Marx (1770-1831)


pos: n
definition:
German philosopher whose views on human existence in a world of objects and on Angst influenced the existential philosophers (1889-1976)


pos: n
definition:
United States novelist whose best known work was a black comedy inspired by his experiences in the Air Force during World War II (1923-1999)


pos: n
definition:
United States guitarist whose innovative style with electric guitars influenced the development of rock music (1942-1970)


pos: n
definition:
a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799)


pos: n
definition:
English chemist who studied the quantities of gas absorbed by water at different temperatures and under different pressures (1775-1836)


pos: n
definition:
the first Lancastrian king of England from 1399 to 1413; deposed Richard II and suppressed rebellions (1367-1413)


pos: n
definition:
a presocratic Greek philosopher who said that fire is the origin of all things and that permanence is an illusion as all things are in perpetual flux (circa 500 BC)


pos: n
definition:
Greek mathematician and inventor who devised a way to determine the area of a triangle and who described various mechanical devices (first century)


pos: n
definition:
king of Judea who (according to the New Testament) tried to kill Jesus by ordering the death of all children under age two in Bethlehem (73-4 BC)


pos: n
definition:
the ancient Greek known as the father of history; his accounts of the wars between the Greeks and Persians are the first known examples of historical writing (485-425 BC)


pos: n
definition:
English astronomer (born in Germany) who discovered infrared light and who catalogued the stars and discovered the planet Uranus (1738-1822)


pos: n
definition:
English astronomer (son of William Herschel) who extended the catalogue of stars to the southern hemisphere and did pioneering work in photography (1792-1871)


pos: n
definition:
United States confectioner and philanthropist who created the model industrial town of Hershey, Pennsylvania; founded an industrial school for orphan boys (1857-1945)


pos: n
definition:
German physicist who with James Franck proved the existence of the stationary energy states postulated by Bohr (1887-1975)


pos: n
definition:
Canadian physicist (born in Germany) noted for contributions to understanding the structure of molecules (born in 1904)


pos: n
definition:
Greek poet whose existing works describe rural life and the genealogies of the gods and the beginning of the world (eighth century BC)


pos: n
definition:
Nazi leader who in 1941 flew a solo flight to Scotland in an apparent attempt to negotiate a peace treaty with Great Britain but was imprisoned for life (1894-1987)


pos: n
definition:
Swiss writer (born in Germany) whose novels and poems express his interests in eastern spiritual values (1877-1962)


pos: n
definition:
Hungarian chemist who studied radioisotopes and was one of the discoverers of the element hafnium (1885-1966)


pos: n
definition:
New Zealand mountaineer who in 1953 first attained the summit of Mount Everest with his Sherpa guide Tenzing Norgay (born in 1919)


pos: n
definition:
German Nazi who was chief of the SS and the Gestapo and who oversaw the genocide of six million Jews (1900-1945)


pos: n
definition:
German neoclassical composer and conductor who believed that music should have a social purpose (1895-1963)


pos: n
definition:
German field marshal and statesman; as president of the Weimar Republic he reluctantly appointed Hitler as chancellor in 1933 (1847-1934)


pos: n
definition:
Greek astronomer and mathematician who discovered the precession of the equinoxes and made the first known star chart and is said to have invented trigonometry (second century BC)


pos: n
definition:
medical practitioner who is regarded as the father of medicine; author of the Hippocratic oath (circa 460-377 BC)


pos: n
definition:
emperor of Japan who renounced his divinity and became a constitutional monarch after Japan surrendered at the end of World War II (1901-1989)


pos: n
definition:
English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)


pos: n
definition:
English physiologist who, with Andrew Huxley, discovered the role of potassium and sodium atoms in the transmission of the nerve impulse (1914-1998)


pos: n
definition:
English chemist (born in Egypt) who used crystallography to study the structure of organic compounds (1910-1994)


pos: n
definition:
United States labor leader who was president of the Teamsters Union; he was jailed for trying to bribe a judge and later disappeared and is assumed to have been murdered (1913-1975)


pos: n
definition:
United States chemist (born in Poland) who used quantum mechanics to understand chemical reactions (born in 1937)


pos: n
definition:
English artist noted for a series of engravings that satirized the affectations of his time (1697-1764)


pos: n
definition:
German painter and engraver noted for his portraits; he was commissioned by Henry VIII to provide portraits of the English king's prospective brides (1497-1543)


pos: n
definition:
United States inventor who invented a system for recording alphanumeric information on punched cards (1860-1929)


pos: n
definition:
Swiss composer (born in France) who was the founding member of a group in Paris that included Erik Satie and Darius Milhaud and Francis Poulenc and Jean Cocteau (1892-1955)


pos: n
definition:
English scientist who formulated the law of elasticity and proposed a wave theory of light and formulated a theory of planetary motion and proposed the inverse square law of gravitational attraction and discovered the cellular structure of cork and introduced the term `cell' into biology and invented a balance spring for watches (1635-1703)


pos: n
definition:
United States general in the Union Army who was defeated at Chancellorsville by Robert E. Lee (1814-1879)


pos: n
definition:
31st President of the United States; in 1929 the stock market crashed and the economy collapsed and Hoover was defeated for reelection by Franklin Roosevelt (1874-1964)


pos: n
definition:
United States financier and philanthropist who left money to found the university and hospital that bear his name in Baltimore (1795-1873)


pos: n
definition:
United States magician (born in Hungary) famous for his ability to escape from chains or handcuffs or straitjackets or padlocked containers (1874-1926)


pos: n
definition:
United States publisher who founded a printing shop that became an important book publisher (1823-1895)


pos: n
definition:
United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863)


pos: n
definition:
Queen of England as the fifth wife of Henry VIII who was accused of adultery and executed (1520-1542)


pos: n
definition:
United States inventor who built early sewing machines and won suits for patent infringement against other manufacturers (including Isaac M. Singer) (1819-1867)


pos: n
definition:
an English astrophysicist and advocate of the steady state theory of cosmology; described processes of nucleosynthesis inside stars (1915-2001)


pos: n
definition:
United States astronomer who discovered that (as the universe expands) the speed with which nebulae recede increases with their distance from the observer (1889-1953)


pos: n
definition:
English navigator who discovered the Hudson River; in 1610 he attempted to winter in Hudson Bay but his crew mutinied and set him adrift to die (1565-1611)


pos: n
definition:
English astronomer who pioneered spectroscopic analysis in astronomy and who discovered the red shift (1824-1910)


pos: n
definition:
United States industrialist who was an aviator and a film producer; during the last years of his life he was a total recluse (1905-1976)


pos: n
definition:
United States naval officer who commanded the `Constitution' during the War of 1812 and won a series of brilliant victories against the British (1773-1843)


pos: n
definition:
German naturalist who explored Central and South America and provided a comprehensive description of the physical universe (1769-1859)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish philosopher whose sceptical philosophy restricted human knowledge to that which can be perceived by the senses (1711-1776)


pos: n
definition:
United States railroad executive who built the western section of the first United States transcontinental railroad (1821-1900)


pos: n
definition:
American revolutionary leader who signed the Declaration of Independence and was president of the Continental Congress (1731-1796)


pos: n
definition:
Czechoslovakian religious reformer who anticipated the Reformation; he questioned the infallibility of the Catholic Church was excommunicated (1409) for attacking the corruption of the clergy; he was burned at the stake (1372-1415)


pos: n
definition:
American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views (1591-1643)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish geologist who described the processes that have shaped the surface of the earth (1726-1797)


pos: n
definition:
English writer; grandson of Thomas Huxley who is remembered mainly for his depiction of a scientifically controlled utopia (1894-1963)


pos: n
definition:
English physiologist who, with Alan Hodgkin, discovered the role of potassium and sodium ions in the transmission of the nerve impulse (born in 1917)


pos: n
definition:
Spaniard and Roman Catholic theologian and founder of the Society of Jesus; a leading opponent of the Reformation (1491-1556)


pos: n
definition:
French dramatist (born in Romania) who was a leading exponent of the theater of the absurd (1912-1994)


pos: n
definition:
Greek theologian who was bishop of Lyons and an antiheretical writer; a saint and Doctor of the Church (circa 130-200)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) the second patriarch; son of Abraham and Sarah who was offered by Abraham as a sacrifice to God; father of Jacob and Esau


pos: n
definition:
the queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1451-1504)


pos: n
definition:
United States writer (born in England) whose best known novels portray Berlin in the 1930's and who collaborated with W. H. Auden in writing plays in verse (1904-1986)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) the son of Abraham who was cast out after the birth of Isaac; considered the forebear of 12 Arabian tribes


pos: n
definition:
United States lithographer who (with his partner Nathaniel Currier) produced thousands of prints signed `Currier & Ives' (1824-1895)


pos: n
definition:
7th president of the US; successfully defended New Orleans from the British in 1815; expanded the power of the presidency (1767-1845)


pos: n
definition:
general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863)


pos: n
definition:
United States civil rights leader who led a national campaign against racial discrimination and ran for presidential nomination (born in 1941)


pos: n
definition:
United States singer who began singing with his four brothers and later became a highly successful star during the 1980s (born in 1958)


pos: n
definition:
French inventor of the Jacquard loom that could automatically weave complicated patterns (1752-1834)


pos: n
definition:
Indonesian terrorist and Islamic militant who commands the Laskar Jihad; uses violence to achieve political ends (1965-2000)


pos: n
definition:
United States linguist (born in Russia) noted for his description of the universals of phonology (1896-1982)


pos: n
definition:
(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of John; author of the Epistle of James in the New Testament


pos: n
definition:
United States outlaw who fought as a Confederate soldier and later led a band of outlaws that robbed trains and banks in the West until he was murdered by a member of his own gang (1847-1882)


pos: n
definition:
the first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1625 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625; he was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and he succeeded Elizabeth I; he alienated the British Parliament by claiming the divine right of kings (1566-1625)


pos: n
definition:
a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)


pos: n
definition:
United States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829)


pos: n
definition:
3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826)


pos: n
definition:
English physician who pioneered vaccination; Jenner inoculated people with small amounts of cowpox to prevent them from getting smallpox (1749-1823)


pos: n
definition:
United States architect who designed the first skyscraper in which a metal skeleton was used (1832-1907)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) first king of the northern kingdom of Israel who led Israel into sin (10th century BC)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) an Israelite prophet who is remembered for his angry lamentations (jeremiads) about the wickedness of his people (circa 626-587 BC)


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great Fathers of the early Christian Church whose major work was his translation of the Scriptures from Hebrew and Greek into Latin (which became the Vulgate); a saint and Doctor of the Church (347-420)


pos: n
definition:
a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)


pos: n
definition:
English economist and logician who contributed to the development of the theory of marginal utility (1835-1882)


pos: n
definition:
wife of Ahab who was king of Israel; according to the Old Testament she was a cruel immoral queen who fostered the worship of Baal and tried to kill Elijah and other prophets of Israel (9th century BC)


pos: n
definition:
a Jewish hero in the Old Testament who maintained his faith in God in spite of afflictions that tested him


pos: n
definition:
(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditionally said to be the author of the 4th Gospel and three epistles and the book of Revelation


pos: n
definition:
youngest son of Henry II; King of England from 1199 to 1216; succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother Richard I; lost his French possessions; in 1215 John was compelled by the barons to sign the Magna Carta (1167-1216)


pos: n
definition:
17th President of the United States; was elected vice president and succeeded Lincoln when Lincoln was assassinated; was impeached but acquitted by one vote (1808-1875)


pos: n
definition:
36th President of the United States; was elected vice president and succeeded Kennedy when Kennedy was assassinated (1908-1973)


pos: n
definition:
French nuclear physicist who was Marie Curie's assistant and who worked with Marie Curie's daughter who he married (taking the name Joliot-Curie); he and his wife discovered how to synthesize new radioactive elements (1900-1958)


pos: n
definition:
United States singer (born in Russia) who appeared in the first full-length talking film (1886-1950)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) Jonah did not wish to become a prophet so God caused a great storm to throw him overboard from a ship; he was saved by being swallowed by a whale that vomited him out onto dry land


pos: n
definition:
United States railroad engineer who died trying to stop his train from crashing into another train; a friend wrote a famous ballad describing the incident (1864-1900)


pos: n
definition:
United States labor leader (born in Ireland) who helped to found the Industrial Workers of the World (1830-1930)


pos: n
definition:
United States composer who was the first creator of ragtime to write down his compositions (1868-1917)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) the 11th son of Jacob and one of the 12 patriarchs of Israel; Jacob gave Joseph a coat of many colors, which made his brothers jealous and they sold him into slavery in Egypt


pos: n
definition:
Jewish general who led the revolt of the Jews against the Romans and then wrote a history of those events (37-100)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) Moses' successor who led the Israelites into the Promised Land; best remembered for his destruction of Jericho


pos: n
definition:
English physicist who established the mechanical theory of heat and discovered the first law of thermodynamics (1818-1889)


pos: n
definition:
influential Irish writer noted for his many innovations (such as stream of consciousness writing) (1882-1941)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) the fourth son of Jacob who was forebear of one of the tribes of Israel; one of his descendants was to be the Messiah


pos: n
definition:
(New Testament) supposed brother of St. James; one of the Apostles who is invoked in prayer when a situation seems hopeless


pos: n
definition:
Roman Emperor and nephew of Constantine; he restored paganism as the official religion of the Roman Empire and destroyed Christian temples but his decision was reversed after his death (331?-363)


pos: n
definition:
French botanist who categorized plants into families and developed a system of plant classification (1748-1836)


pos: n
definition:
Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman law in 529; his general Belisarius regained North Africa and Spain (483-565)


pos: n
definition:
Roman satirist who denounced the vice and folly of Roman society during the reign of the emperor Domitian (60-140)


pos: n
definition:
Czech novelist who wrote in German about a nightmarish world of isolated and troubled individuals (1883-1924)


pos: n
definition:
Russian chess master who was world champion from 1975 until 1985 when he was defeated by Gary Kasparov (born in 1951)


pos: n
definition:
Azerbaijani chess master who became world champion in 1985 by defeating Anatoli Karpov (born in 1963)


pos: n
definition:
statesman who led Northern Rhodesia to full independence as Zambia in 1964 and served as Zambia's first president (1924-1999)


pos: n
definition:
United States comedian and actor in silent films noted for his acrobatic skills and deadpan face (1895-1966)


pos: n
definition:
English clergyman who (with John Henry Newman and Edward Pusey) founded the Oxford movement (1792-1866)


pos: n
definition:
United States lecturer and writer who was blind and deaf from the age of 19 months; Anne Sullivan taught her to read and write and speak; Helen Keller graduated from college and went on to champion the cause of blind and deaf people (1880-1968)


pos: n
definition:
United States food manufacturer who (with his brother) developed a breakfast cereal of crisp flakes of rolled and toasted wheat and corn; he established a company to manufacture the cereal (1860-1951)


pos: n
definition:
British physicist who invented the Kelvin scale of temperature and pioneered undersea telegraphy (1824-1907)


pos: n
definition:
United States diplomat who recommended a policy of containment in dealing with Soviet aggression (1904-2005)


pos: n
definition:
35th President of the United States; established the Peace Corps; assassinated in Dallas (1917-1963)


pos: n
definition:
United States electrical engineer noted for his work on the theory of alternating currents; independently of Oliver Heaviside he discovered the existence of an atmospheric layer that reflects radio waves back to earth (1861-1939)


pos: n
definition:
Russian revolutionary who was head of state after Nicholas II abdicated but was overthrown by the Bolsheviks (1881-1970)


pos: n
definition:
United States writer whose best-known novel was based on his experiences as an attendant in a mental hospital (1935-2001)


pos: n
definition:
United States electrical engineer who made numerous automotive improvements (including the electric starter) (1876-1958)


pos: n
definition:
United States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812; the poem was later set to music and entitled `The Star-Spangled Banner' (1779-1843)


pos: n
definition:
English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946)


pos: n
definition:
Russian composer (born in Armenia) whose works are romantic and reflect his interest in folk music (1903-1978)


pos: n
definition:
Iranian religious leader of the Shiites; when Shah Pahlavi's regime fell Khomeini established a new constitution giving himself supreme powers (1900-1989)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish sea captain who was hired to protect British shipping in the Indian Ocean and then was accused of piracy and hanged (1645-1701)


pos: n
definition:
Danish philosopher who is generally considered. along with Nietzsche, to be a founder of existentialism (1813-1855)


pos: n
definition:
United States charismatic civil rights leader and Baptist minister who campaigned against the segregation of Blacks (1929-1968)


pos: n
definition:
German physicist who with Bunsen pioneered spectrum analysis and formulated two laws governing electric networks (1824-1887)


pos: n
definition:
United States psychoanalyst (born in Austria) who was the first to specialize in the psychoanalysis of small children (1882-1960)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish theologian who founded Presbyterianism in Scotland and wrote a history of the Reformation in Scotland (1514-1572)


pos: n
definition:
German bacteriologist who isolated the anthrax bacillus and the tubercle bacillus and the cholera bacillus (1843-1910)


pos: n
definition:
British writer (born in Hungary) who wrote a novel exposing the Stalinist purges during the 1930s (1905-1983)


pos: n
definition:
Japanese statesman who set Japan's expansionist policies and formed an alliance with Germany and Italy (1891-1945)


pos: n
definition:
United States conductor (born in Russia) who was noted for performing the works of contemporary composers (1874-1951)


pos: n
definition:
United States artist remembered for her spontaneous approach to painting; she was a founder of the New York school of abstract expressionism (1908-1984)


pos: n
definition:
British chemist who with Robert Curl and Richard Smalley discovered fullerenes and opened a new branch of chemistry (born in 1939)


pos: n
definition:
German arms manufacturer and son of Friedrich Krupp; his firm provided ordnance for German armies from the 1840s through World War II (1812-1887)


pos: n
definition:
United States astronomer (born in the Netherlands) who studied the solar system and suggested in 1951 that there is a belt of comet-like debris at the edge of the solar system (1905-1973)


pos: n
definition:
United States economist (born in Russia) who developed a method for using a country's gross national product to estimate its economic growth (1901-1985)


pos: n
definition:
French pirate who aided the United States in the War of 1812 and received an official pardon for his crimes (1780-1826)


pos: n
definition:
French naturalist who proposed that evolution resulted from the inheritance of acquired characteristics (1744-1829)


pos: n
definition:
(Arthurian legend) one of the knights of the Round Table; friend of King Arthur until (according to some versions of the legend) he became the lover of Arthur's wife Guinevere


pos: n
definition:
United States inventor who incorporated Polaroid film into lenses and invented the one step photographic process (1909-1991)


pos: n
definition:
United States harpsichordist (born in Poland) who helped to revive modern interest in the harpsichord (1879-1959)


pos: n
definition:
United States educator who founded the first private school for Black students in Augusta, Georgia (1854-1933)


pos: n
definition:
United States photographer remembered for her portraits of rural workers during the Depression (1895-1965)


pos: n
definition:
United States astronomer and aviation pioneer who invented the bolometer and contributed to the design of early aircraft (1834-1906)


pos: n
definition:
United States chemist who studied surface chemistry and developed the gas-filled tungsten lamp and worked on high temperature electrical discharges (1881-1957)


pos: n
definition:
French mathematician and astronomer who formulated the nebular hypothesis concerning the origins of the solar system and who developed the theory of probability (1749-1827)


pos: n
definition:
United States architect (born in England) whose works include the chambers of the United States Congress and the Supreme Court; considered the first professional architect in the United States (1764-1820)


pos: n
definition:
United States slapstick comedian (born in England) who played the scatterbrained and often tearful member of the Laurel and Hardy duo who made many films (1890-1965)


pos: n
definition:
Australian tennis player who in 1962 was the second man to win the Australian and French and English and United States singles titles in the same year; in 1969 he repeated this feat (born in 1938)


pos: n
definition:
French chemist known as the father of modern chemistry; discovered oxygen and disproved the theory of phlogiston (1743-1794)


pos: n
definition:
English novelist and poet and essayist whose work condemned industrial society and explored sexual relationships (1885-1930)


pos: n
definition:
English portrait painter remembered for the series of portraits of the leaders of the alliance against Napoleon (1769-1830)


pos: n
definition:
Welsh soldier who from 1916 to 1918 organized the Arab revolt against the Turks; he later wrote an account of his adventures (1888-1935)


pos: n
definition:
Roman martyr; supposedly Lawrence was ordered by the police to give up the church's treasure and when he responded by presenting the poor people of Rome he was roasted to death on a gridiron (died in 258)


pos: n
definition:
English paleontologist whose account of fossil discoveries in Tanzania changed theories of human evolution (1903-1972)


pos: n
definition:
English paleontologist (the wife of Louis Leakey) who discovered the Zinjanthropus skull that was 1,750,000 years old (1913-1996)


pos: n
definition:
English paleontologist (son of Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey) who continued the work of his parents; he was appointed director of a wildlife preserve in Kenya but resigned under political pressure (born in 1944)


pos: n
definition:
United States psychologist who experimented with psychoactive drugs (including LSD) and became a well-known advocate of their use (1920-1996)


pos: n
definition:
leader of the American Revolution who proposed the resolution calling for independence of the American Colonies (1732-1794)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist (born in China) who collaborated with Yang Chen Ning in disproving the principle of conservation of parity (born in 1926)


pos: n
definition:
German philosopher and mathematician who thought of the universe as consisting of independent monads and who devised a system of the calculus independent of Newton (1646-1716)


pos: n
definition:
United States tennis player (born in Czechoslovakia) who won several singles championships; in 1992 he became a United States citizen (born in 1960)


pos: n
definition:
Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)


pos: n
definition:
English rock star and guitarist and songwriter who with Paul McCartney wrote most of the music for the Beatles (1940-1980)


pos: n
definition:
German pope from 1049 to 1054 whose papacy was the beginning of papal reforms in the 11th century (1002-1054)


pos: n
definition:
Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect; the most versatile genius of the Italian Renaissance (1452-1519)


pos: n
definition:
king of Sparta and hero of the battle of Thermopylae where he was killed by the Persians (died in 480 BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States economist (born in Russia) who devised an input-output method of economic analysis (1906-1999)


pos: n
definition:
Dutch pioneer microscopist who was among the first to recognize cells in animals and who gave the first accurate descriptions of microbes and spermatozoa and blood corpuscles (1632-1723)


pos: n
definition:
United States labor leader who was president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1920 to 1960 and president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations from 1935 to 1940 (1880-1969)


pos: n
definition:
United States explorer and soldier who lead led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River (1774-1809)


pos: n
definition:
United States athlete who won gold medals at the Olympics for his skill in sprinting and jumping (born in 1961)


pos: n
definition:
United States sculptor and architect whose public works include the memorial to veterans of the Vietnam War in Washington (born in 1959)


pos: n
definition:
16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)


pos: n
definition:
United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)


pos: n
definition:
United States prizefighter who lost his world heavyweight championship to Cassius Clay in 1964 (1932-1970)


pos: n
definition:
American Revolutionary leader who served in the Continental Congress and as minister to France (1746-1813)


pos: n
definition:
Roman historian whose history of Rome filled 142 volumes (of which only 35 survive) including the earliest history of the war with Hannibal (59 BC to AD 17)


pos: n
definition:
United States comic actor in silent films; he used physical danger as a source of comedy (1893-1971)


pos: n
definition:
English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)


pos: n
definition:
English physicist who studied electromagnetic radiation and was a pioneer of radiotelegraphy (1851-1940)


pos: n
definition:
United States composer (born in Austria) who collaborated with Lerner on several musicals (1901-1987)


pos: n
definition:
United States pharmacologist (born in Germany) who was the first to show that acetylcholine is produced at the junction between a parasympathetic nerve and a muscle (1873-1961)


pos: n
definition:
Austrian zoologist who studied the behavior of birds and emphasized the importance of innate as opposed to learned behaviors (1903-1989)


pos: n
definition:
British political cartoonist (born in New Zealand) who created the character Colonel Blimp (1891-1963)


pos: n
definition:
United States astronomer whose studies of Mars led him to conclude that Mars was inhabited (1855-1916)


pos: n
definition:
Roman philosopher and poet; in a long didactic poem he tried to provide a scientific explanation of the universe (96-55 BC)


pos: n
definition:
(New Testament) the Apostle closely associated with St. Paul and traditionally assumed to be the author of the third Gospel


pos: n
definition:
French composer (born in Italy) who was the court composer to Louis XIV and founded the national French opera (1632-1687)


pos: n
definition:
German theologian who led the Reformation; believed that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds (1483-1546)


pos: n
definition:
Spartan general who defeated the Athenians in the final battle of the Peloponnesian War (died in 395 BC)


pos: n
definition:
Soviet geneticist whose adherence to Lamarck's theory of evolution was favored by Stalin (1898-1976)


pos: n
definition:
Macedonian general under Alexander the Great; with Seleucus he defeated Antigonus and Demetrius at the battle of Ipsus (circa 355-281 BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II; he accepted the surrender of Japan (1880-1964)


pos: n
definition:
Austrian physicist and philosopher who introduced the Mach number and who founded logical positivism (1838-1916)


pos: n
definition:
Canadian explorer (born in England) who explored the Mackenzie River and who was first to cross North America by land north of Mexico (1764-1820)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish physiologist who directed the research by F. G. Banting and C. H. Best that led to the discovery of insulin (1876-1935)


pos: n
definition:
4th President of the United States; member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776; helped frame the Bill of Rights (1751-1836)


pos: n
definition:
Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain; he commanded an expedition that was the first to circumnavigate the world (1480-1521)


pos: n
definition:
Spanish philosopher considered the greatest Jewish scholar of the Middle Ages who codified Jewish law in the Talmud (1135-1204)


pos: n
definition:
French consort of Louis XIV who secretly married the king after the death of his first wife (1635-1719)


pos: n
definition:
British anthropologist (born in Poland) who introduced the technique of the participant observer (1884-1942)


pos: n
definition:
United States cook who was an immune carrier of typhoid fever and who infected dozens of people (1870-1938)


pos: n
definition:
English scholar remembered for his chronology of Shakespeare's plays and his editions of Shakespeare and Dryden (1741-1812)


pos: n
definition:
English writer who published a translation of romances about King Arthur taken from French and other sources (died in 1471)


pos: n
definition:
Italian anatomist who was the first to use a microscope to study anatomy and was among the first to recognize cells in animals (1628-1694)


pos: n
definition:
an English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence (1766-1834)


pos: n
definition:
South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 (born in 1918)


pos: n
definition:
United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish physician who discovered that elephantiasis is spread by mosquitos and suggested that mosquitos also spread malaria (1844-1922)


pos: n
definition:
English geologist remembered as the first person to recognize that dinosaurs were reptiles (1790-1852)


pos: n
definition:
French revolutionary leader (born in Switzerland) who was a leader in overthrowing the Girondists and was stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday (1743-1793)


pos: n
definition:
Italian electrical engineer who invented wireless telegraphy and in 1901 transmitted radio signals across the Atlantic Ocean (1874-1937)


pos: n
definition:
United States political philosopher (born in Germany) concerned about the dehumanizing effects of capitalism and modern technology (1898-1979)


pos: n
definition:
English poet and playwright who introduced blank verse as a form of dramatic expression; was stabbed to death in a tavern brawl (1564-1593)


pos: n
definition:
United States writer who created the Japanese detective Mr. Moto and wrote other novels as well (1893-1960)


pos: n
definition:
French missionary who accompanied Louis Joliet in exploring the upper Mississippi River valley (1637-1675)


pos: n
definition:
United States jurist; as chief justice of the Supreme Court he established the principles of United States constitutional law (1755-1835)


pos: n
definition:
United States general and statesman who as Secretary of State organized the European Recovery Program (1880-1959)


pos: n
definition:
founder of modern communism; wrote the Communist Manifesto with Engels in 1848; wrote Das Kapital in 1867 (1818-1883)


pos: n
definition:
the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics


pos: n
definition:
American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)


pos: n
definition:
Afghan leader of forces opposed to the Taliban; won fame by successfully resisting the Soviets in the 1980s; was assassinated by men posing as journalists (1953-2001)


pos: n
definition:
English inventor (born in the United States) who invented the Maxim gun that was used in World War I (1840-1916)


pos: n
definition:
Roman Emperor from 286 until he abdicated in 305; when Diocletian divided the Roman Empire in 286 Maximian became emperor in the west (died in 311)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish physicist whose equations unified electricity and magnetism and who recognized the electromagnetic nature of light (1831-1879)


pos: n
definition:
United States filmmaker (born in Russia) who founded his own film company and later merged with Samuel Goldwyn (1885-1957)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist (born in Germany) noted for her research on the structure of the atom (1906-1972)


pos: n
definition:
Italian nationalist whose writings spurred the movement for a unified and independent Italy (1805-1872)


pos: n
definition:
English rock star and bass guitarist and songwriter who with John Lennon wrote most of the music for the Beatles (born in 1942)


pos: n
definition:
heroine of the American Revolution who carried water to soldiers during the Battle of Monmouth Court House and took over her husband's gun when he was overcome by heat (1754-1832)


pos: n
definition:
United States historian who wrote a nine volume history of the people of the United States (1852-1932)


pos: n
definition:
United States anthropologist noted for her claims about adolescence and sexual behavior in Polynesian cultures (1901-1978)


pos: n
definition:
British immunologist (born in Brazil) who studied tissue transplants and discovered that the rejection of grafts was an immune response (1915-1987)


pos: n
definition:
Swedish physicist (born in Austria) who worked in the field of radiochemistry with Otto Hahn and formulated the concept of nuclear fission with Otto Frisch (1878-1968)


pos: n
definition:
(New Testament) one of the three sages from the east who came bearing gifts for the infant Jesus; usually represented as a king of Nubia


pos: n
definition:
Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)


pos: n
definition:
Russian chemist who developed a periodic table of the chemical elements and predicted the discovery of several new elements (1834-1907)


pos: n
definition:
French otologist who first described a form of vertigo now known as Meniere's disease and identified the semicircular canals as the site of the lesion (1799-1862)


pos: n
definition:
United States psychiatrist who with his sons founded a famous psychiatric clinic in Topeka (1862-1953)


pos: n
definition:
British violinist (born in the United States) who began his career as a child prodigy in the 1920s (1916-1999)


pos: n
definition:
Flemish geographer who lived in Germany; he invented the Mercator projection of maps of the globe (1512-1594)


pos: n
definition:
United States civil rights leader whose college registration caused riots in traditionally segregated Mississippi (born in 1933)


pos: n
definition:
Florentine sculptor and painter and architect; one of the outstanding figures of the Renaissance (1475-1564)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist (born in Germany) who collaborated with Morley in the Michelson-Morley experiment (1852-1931)


pos: n
definition:
English philosopher and economist remembered for his interpretations of empiricism and utilitarianism (1806-1873)


pos: n
definition:
United States architect who was the presidentially appointed architect of Washington D.C. (1781-1855)


pos: n
definition:
English poet; remembered primarily as the author of an epic poem describing humanity's fall from grace (1608-1674)


pos: n
definition:
German mathematician (born in Russia) who suggested the concept of four-dimensional space-time (1864-1909)


pos: n
definition:
United States labor leader; president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1898 to 1908 (1870-1919)


pos: n
definition:
ancient king of Pontus who expanded his kingdom by defeating the Romans but was later driven out by Pompey (132-63 BC)


pos: n
definition:
Dutch painter whose work (intersecting lines at right angles and planes in primary colors) influenced the development of abstract art (1872-1944)


pos: n
definition:
French biochemist who (with Francois Jacob) explained how genes are activated and suggested the existence of messenger RNA (1910-1976)


pos: n
definition:
French noblewoman who was mistress to Louis XIV until he became attracted to Madame de Maintenon (1641-1707)


pos: n
definition:
French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)


pos: n
definition:
Italian educator who developed a method of teaching mentally handicapped children and advocated a child-centered approach (1870-1952)


pos: n
definition:
French inventor who (with his brother Jacques Etienne Montgolfier) pioneered hot-air ballooning (1740-1810)


pos: n
definition:
French inventor who (with his brother Josef Michel Montgolfier) pioneered hot-air ballooning (1745-1799)


pos: n
definition:
English general during World War II; won victories over Rommel in North Africa and led British ground forces in the invasion of Normandy (1887-1976)


pos: n
definition:
United States religious leader (born in Korea) who founded the Unification Church in 1954; was found guilty of conspiracy to evade taxes (born in 1920)


pos: n
definition:
English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded; recalled for his concept of Utopia, the ideal state


pos: n
definition:
soldier in the American Revolution who defeated the British in the battle of Cowpens, South Carolina (1736-1802)


pos: n
definition:
United States chemist and physicist who collaborated with Michelson in the Michelson-Morley experiment (1838-1923)


pos: n
definition:
the ancient prophet whose writings were revealed to Joseph Smith who founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints


pos: n
definition:
United States statesman who led the committee that produced the final draft of the United States Constitution (1752-1816)


pos: n
definition:
leader of the American Revolution who signed the Declaration of Independence and raised money for the Continental Army (1734-1806)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus; Moses received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai


pos: n
definition:
prolific Austrian composer and child prodigy; master of the classical style in all its forms of his time (1756-1791)


pos: n
definition:
German raconteur who told preposterous stories about his adventures as a soldier and hunter; his name is now associated with any telling of exaggerated stories or winning lies (1720-1797)


pos: n
definition:
British classical scholar (born in Australia) who advocated the League of Nations and the United Nations (1866-1957)


pos: n
definition:
United States broadcast journalist remembered for his reports from London during World War II (1908-1965)


pos: n
definition:
United States motion-picture pioneer remembered for his pictures of running horses taken with a series of still cameras (born in England) (1830-1904)


pos: n
definition:
Indian religious leader who founded Sikhism in dissent from the caste system of Hinduism; he taught that all men had a right to search for knowledge of God and that spiritual liberation could be attained by meditating on the name of God (1469-1538)


pos: n
definition:
Norwegian explorer of the Arctic and director of the League of Nations relief program for refugees of World War I (1861-1930)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish mathematician who invented logarithms; introduced the use of the decimal point in writing numbers (1550-1617)


pos: n
definition:
United States prohibitionist who raided saloons and destroyed bottles of liquor with a hatchet (1846-1911)


pos: n
definition:
Venezuelan master terrorist raised by a Marxist-Leninist father; trained and worked with many terrorist groups (born in 1949)


pos: n
definition:
United States tennis player (born in Czechoslovakia) who won nine Wimbledon women's singles championships (born in 1956)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) king of Chaldea who captured and destroyed Jerusalem and exiled the Israelites to Babylonia (630?-562 BC)


pos: n
definition:
Indian statesman and leader with Gandhi in the struggle for home rule; was the first prime minister of the Republic of India from 1947 to 1964 (1889-1964)


pos: n
definition:
English admiral who defeated the French fleets of Napoleon but was mortally wounded at Trafalgar (1758-1805)


pos: n
definition:
Roman Emperor notorious for his monstrous vice and fantastic luxury (was said to have started a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64) but the Roman Empire remained prosperous during his rule (37-68)


pos: n
definition:
Emperor of Rome who introduced a degree of freedom after the repressive reign of Domitian; adopted Trajan as his successor (30-98)


pos: n
definition:
Syrian who was a Christian bishop and Patriarch of Constantinople in the early fifth century; one of the major heresies concerning the doctrine of the hypostasis of Christ was named after him (died in 451)


pos: n
definition:
English prelate and theologian who (with John Keble and Edward Pusey) founded the Oxford movement; Newman later turned to Roman Catholicism and became a cardinal (1801-1890)


pos: n
definition:
English mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion (1642-1727)


pos: n
definition:
influential German philosopher remembered for his concept of the superman and for his rejection of Christian values; considered, along with Kierkegaard, to be a founder of existentialism (1844-1900)


pos: n
definition:
United States admiral of the Pacific fleet during World War II who used aircraft carriers to destroy the Japanese navy (1885-1966)


pos: n
definition:
vice president under Eisenhower and 37th President of the United States; resigned after the Watergate scandal in 1974 (1913-1994)


pos: n
definition:
the Hebrew patriarch who saved himself and his family and the animals by building an ark in which they survived 40 days and 40 nights of rain; the story of Noah and the flood is told in the Book of Genesis


pos: n
definition:
Swedish chemist remembered for his invention of dynamite and for the bequest that created the Nobel prizes (1833-1896)


pos: n
definition:
United States bacteriologist (born in Japan) who discovered the cause of yellow fever and syphilis (1876-1928)


pos: n
definition:
British statesman under George III whose policies led to rebellion in the American colonies (1732-1792)


pos: n
definition:
French astrologer who wrote cryptic predictions whose interpretations are still being debated (1503-1566)


pos: n
definition:
British industrialist who manufactured automobiles and created a philanthropic foundation (1877-1963)


pos: n
definition:
Russian dancer who was often the partner of Dame Margot Fonteyn and who defected to the United States in 1961 (born in 1938)


pos: n
definition:
United States biochemist (born in Spain) who studied the biological synthesis of nucleic acids (1905-1993)


pos: n
definition:
Germanic barbarian leader who ended the Western Roman Empire in 476 and became the first barbarian ruler of Italy (434-493)


pos: n
definition:
German naturalist whose speculations that plants and animals are made up of tiny living `infusoria' led to the cell theory (1779-1851)


pos: n
definition:
United States sculptor (born in Sweden); a leader of the pop art movement who was noted for giant sculptures of common objects (born in 1929)


pos: n
definition:
United States landscape architect primarily responsible for the design of Central Park in New York City (1822-1903)


pos: n
definition:
United States musician (born in Japan) who married John Lennon and collaborated with him on recordings (born in 1933)


pos: n
definition:
Dutch astronomer who proved that the galaxy is rotating and proposed the existence of the Oort cloud (1900-1992)


pos: n
definition:
German industrialist who was the first in Germany to use an assembly line in manufacturing automobiles (1871-1948)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist who directed the project at Los Alamos that developed the first atomic bomb (1904-1967)


pos: n
definition:
Greek philosopher and theologian who reinterpreted Christian doctrine through the philosophy of Neoplatonism; his work was later condemned as unorthodox (185-254)


pos: n
definition:
United States athlete and Black American whose success in the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin outraged Hitler (1913-1980)


pos: n
definition:
American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809)


pos: n
definition:
Indian grammarian whose grammatical rules for Sanskrit are the first known example of descriptive linguistics (circa 400 BC)


pos: n
definition:
Swiss physician who introduced treatments of particular illnesses based on his observation and experience; he saw illness as having an external cause (rather than an imbalance of humors) and replaced traditional remedies with chemical remedies (1493-1541)


pos: n
definition:
Italian sociologist and economist whose theories influenced the development of fascism in Italy (1848-1923)


pos: n
definition:
United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national Civil Rights movement (born in 1913)


pos: n
definition:
a presocratic Greek philosopher born in Italy; held the metaphysical view that being is the basic substance and ultimate reality of which all things are composed; said that motion and change are sensory illusions (5th century BC)


pos: n
definition:
French mathematician and philosopher and Jansenist; invented an adding machine; contributed (with Fermat) to the theory of probability (1623-1662)


pos: n
definition:
Russian writer whose best known novel was banned by Soviet authorities but translated and published abroad (1890-1960)


pos: n
definition:
French chemist and biologist whose discovery that fermentation is caused by microorganisms resulted in the process of pasteurization (1822-1895)


pos: n
definition:
American Revolutionary leader (born in Ireland) who was a member of the Constitutional Convention (1745-1806)


pos: n
definition:
(New Testament) a Christian missionary to the Gentiles; author of several Epistles in the New Testament; even though Paul was not present at the Last Supper he is considered an Apostle


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist (born in Austria) who proposed the exclusion principle (thus providing a theoretical basis for the periodic table) (1900-1958)


pos: n
definition:
United States Arctic explorer and United States naval officer who has been regarded as the first man to reach the North Pole (1856-1920)


pos: n
definition:
United States mathematician and astronomer remembered for his studies of Uranus and Saturn and Neptune (1809-1880)


pos: n
definition:
a British or Irish monk who denied the doctrines of original sin and predestination and defended human goodness and free will; his views were declared heretical by the Council of Ephesus in 431 (circa 360-418)


pos: n
definition:
king of the Franks and father of Charlemagne who defended papal interests and founded the Carolingian dynasty in 751 (714-768)


pos: n
definition:
English diarist whose diary contained detailed descriptions of 17th century disasters in England (1633-1703)


pos: n
definition:
Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athens' political and cultural supremacy in Greece; he ordered the construction of the Parthenon (died in 429 BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States commodore who led the fleet that defeated the British on Lake Erie during the War of 1812; brother of Matthew Calbraith Perry (1785-1819)


pos: n
definition:
United States admiral who led a naval expedition to Japan and signed a treaty in 1854 opening up trade relations between United States and Japan; brother of Oliver Hazard Perry (1794-1858)


pos: n
definition:
disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope


pos: n
definition:
(New Testament) a Christian (probably living in Colossae) whose slave escaped and went to see Saint Paul


pos: n
definition:
(Greek mythology) a simple countryman who offered hospitality to Zeus and Hermes when they came to earth without revealing their identities in order to test people's piety


pos: n
definition:
friend of Damon; Phintias (according to legend) was condemned to death by Dionysius the Elder and asked a respite to put his affairs in order; Damon pledged his life for the return of his friend; when Phintias returned in time the tyrant released them both (4th century BC)


pos: n
definition:
Patriarch of Constantinople and saint of the Greek Orthodox Church; was condemned by the Fourth Council of Constantinople in 869 but was reinstated by a later pope


pos: n
definition:
United States sexual physiologist whose hunch that progesterone could block ovulation led to the development of the oral contraceptive pill (1903-1967)


pos: n
definition:
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)


pos: n
definition:
German physicist whose explanation of blackbody radiation in the context of quantized energy emissions initiated quantum theory (1858-1947)


pos: n
definition:
Roman author of an encyclopedic natural history; died while observing the eruption of Vesuvius (23-79)


pos: n
definition:
Roman writer and nephew of Pliny the Elder; author of books of letters that commented on affairs of the day (62-113)


pos: n
definition:
a Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown and is said to have saved Captain John Smith's life (1595-1617)


pos: n
definition:
11th President of the United States; his expansionism led to the Mexican War and the annexation of California and much of the southwest (1795-1849)


pos: n
definition:
United States artist famous for painting with a drip technique; a leader of abstract expressionism in America (1912-1956)


pos: n
definition:
Greek bishop of Smyrna who refused to recant his Christian faith and was burned to death by pagans (circa 69-155)


pos: n
definition:
Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC)


pos: n
definition:
British philosopher (born in Austria) who argued that scientific theories can never be proved to be true, but are tested by attempts to falsify them (1902-1994)


pos: n
definition:
United States female author who wrote a book and a syndicated newspaper column on etiquette (1872-1960)


pos: n
definition:
a Russian officer and politician who was a favorite of Catherine II and in 1762 helped her to seize power; when she visited the Crimea in 1787 he gave the order for sham villages to be built (1739-1791)


pos: n
definition:
United States writer who lived in Europe; strongly influenced the development of modern literature (1885-1972)


pos: n
definition:
English physicist who discovered the pion (the first known meson) which is a subatomic particle involved in holding the nucleus together (1903-1969)


pos: n
definition:
United States general who was the first African American to serve as chief of staff; later served as Secretary of State under President George W. Bush (born 1937)


pos: n
definition:
Indian chief and founder of the Powhatan confederacy of tribes in eastern Virginia; father of Pocahontas (1550?-1618)


pos: n
definition:
United States rock singer whose many hit records and flamboyant style greatly influenced American popular music (1935-1977)


pos: n
definition:
English chemist who isolated many gases and discovered oxygen (independently of Scheele) (1733-1804)


pos: n
definition:
Russian physicist whose research into ways of moving electrons around atoms led to the development of masers and lasers for producing high-intensity radiation (1916-2002)


pos: n
definition:
Alexandrian astronomer (of the 2nd century) who proposed a geocentric system of astronomy that was undisputed until the late Renaissance


pos: n
definition:
English architect who played a prominent role in the 19th century revival of Gothic architecture (1812-1852)


pos: n
definition:
Bohemian physiologist remembered for his discovery of Purkinje cells and the Purkinje network (1787-1869)


pos: n
definition:
English theologian who (with John Henry Newman and John Keble) founded the Oxford movement (1800-1882)


pos: n
definition:
Russian statesman chosen as president of the Russian Federation in 2000; formerly director of the Federal Security Bureau (born in 1952)


pos: n
definition:
United States writer of pessimistic novels about life in a technologically advanced society (born in 1937)


pos: n
definition:
Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem; considered to be the first true mathematician (circa 580-500 BC)


pos: n
definition:
Libyan leader who seized power in a military coup d'etat in 1969; deposed the Libyan monarchy and imposed socialism and Islamic orthodoxy on the country (born in 1942)


pos: n
definition:
United States philosopher and logician who championed an empirical view of knowledge that depended on language (1908-2001)


pos: n
definition:
English courtier (a favorite of Elizabeth I) who tried to colonize Virginia; introduced potatoes and tobacco to England (1552-1618)


pos: n
definition:
French composer of operas whose writings laid the foundation for the modern theory of harmony (1683-1764)


pos: n
definition:
United States writer (born in Russia) noted for her polemical novels and political conservativism (1905-1982)


pos: n
definition:
leader in the women's suffrage movement in Montana; the first woman to serve in the United States House of Representatives (1880-1973)


pos: n
definition:
Danish philologist whose work on Old Norse pioneered in the field of comparative linguistics (1787-1832)


pos: n
definition:
Danish ethnologist and Arctic explorer; led expeditions into the Arctic to find support for his theory that Eskimos and North American Indians originally migrated from Asia (1879-1933)


pos: n
definition:
Siberian peasant monk who was religious advisor in the court of Nicholas II; was assassinated by Russian noblemen who feared that his debauchery would weaken the monarchy (1872-1916)


pos: n
definition:
English physicist who studied the density of gases and discovered argon; made important contributions to acoustic theory (1842-1919)


pos: n
definition:
United States journalist who reported on the October Revolution from Petrograd in 1917; founded the Communist Labor Party in America in 1919; is buried in the Kremlin in Moscow (1887-1920)


pos: n
definition:
United States jurist who served as an associate justice on the United States Supreme Court from 1972 until 1986, when he was appointed chief justice (born in 1924)


pos: n
definition:
Austrian born psychoanalyst who lived in the United States; advocated sexual freedom and believed that cosmic energy could be concentrated in a human being (1897-1957)


pos: n
definition:
German bacteriologist who described a disease now known as Reiter's syndrome and who identified the spirochete that causes syphilis in humans (1881-1969)


pos: n
definition:
American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818)


pos: n
definition:
British colonial financier and statesman in South Africa; made a fortune in gold and diamond mining; helped colonize the territory now known as Zimbabwe; he endowed annual fellowships for British Commonwealth and United States students to study at Oxford University (1853-1902)


pos: n
definition:
English economist who argued that the laws of supply and demand should operate in a free market (1772-1823)


pos: n
definition:
English literary critic who collaborated with C. K. Ogden and contributed to the development of Basic English (1893-1979)


pos: n
definition:
German poet (born in Austria) whose imagery and mystic lyricism influenced 20th-century German literature (1875-1926)


pos: n
definition:
United States astronomer said to have built the first telescope made in America; also the first director of the United States Mint (1732-1796)


pos: n
definition:
United States choreographer who brought human emotion to classical ballet and spirited reality to Broadway musicals (1918-1998)


pos: n
definition:
United States biochemist (born in England) honored for his discovery that some genes contain introns (born in 1943)


pos: n
definition:
French revolutionary; leader of the Jacobins and architect of the Reign of Terror; was himself executed in a coup d'etat (1758-1794)


pos: n
definition:
United States historian who stressed the importance of intellectual and social events for the course of history (1863-1936)


pos: n
definition:
United States prizefighter who won the world middleweight championship five times and the world welterweight championship once (1921-1989)


pos: n
definition:
French general who commanded French troops in the American Revolution, notably at Yorktown (1725-1807)


pos: n
definition:
United States gynecologist and devout Catholic who conducted the first clinical trials of the oral contraceptive pill (1890-1984)


pos: n
definition:
United States industrialist who made a fortune in the oil business and gave half of it away (1839-1937)


pos: n
definition:
English statesman who served as prime minister and who opposed the war with the American colonies (1730-1782)


pos: n
definition:
United States illustrator whose works present a sentimental idealized view of everyday life (1894-1978)


pos: n
definition:
United States composer of musical comedies (especially in collaboration with Oscar Hammerstein II and with Lorenz Hart) (1902-1979)


pos: n
definition:
United States engineer (born in Germany) who designed and began construction of the Brooklyn bridge (1806-1869)


pos: n
definition:
United States humorist remembered for his homespun commentary on politics and American society (1879-1935)


pos: n
definition:
German field marshal noted for brilliant generalship in North Africa during World War II (1891-1944)


pos: n
definition:
26th President of the United States; hero of the Spanish-American War; Panama Canal was built during his administration


pos: n
definition:
32nd President of the United States; elected four times; instituted New Deal to counter the Great Depression and led country during World War II (1882-1945)


pos: n
definition:
American seamstress said to have made the first American flag at the request of George Washington (1752-1836)


pos: n
definition:
British explorer of the Arctic and Antarctic; located the north magnetic pole in 1831; discovered the Ross Sea in Antarctica; nephew of Sir John Ross (1800-1862)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish explorer who led Arctic expeditions that yielded geographic discoveries while searching for the Northwest Passage (1777-1856)


pos: n
definition:
United States abstract painter (born in Russia) whose paintings are characterized by horizontal bands of color with indistinct boundaries (1903-1970)


pos: n
definition:
French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778)


pos: n
definition:
United States pianist (born in Poland) known for his interpretations of the music of Chopin (1886-1982)


pos: n
definition:
German field marshal in World War II who directed the conquest of Poland and led the Ardennes counteroffensive (1875-1953)


pos: n
definition:
United States writer of humorous stylized stories about Broadway and the New York underground (1884-1946)


pos: n
definition:
British writer of novels who was born in India; one of his novels is regarded as blasphemous by Muslims and a fatwa was issued condemning him to death (born in 1947)


pos: n
definition:
United States religious leader who founded the sect that is now called Jehovah's Witnesses (1852-1916)


pos: n
definition:
British physicist (born in New Zealand) who discovered the atomic nucleus and proposed a nuclear model of the atom (1871-1937)


pos: n
definition:
United States jurist and second chief justice of the United States Supreme Court; he was appointed by George Washington and briefly served as chief justice but was ultimately rejected by the United States Senate (1739-1800)


pos: n
definition:
Finnish architect and city planner who moved to the United States in 1923; father of Eero Saarinen (1873-1950)


pos: n
definition:
United States microbiologist (born in Poland) who developed the Sabin vaccine that is taken orally against poliomyelitis (born 1906)


pos: n
definition:
United States anarchist (born in Italy) who with Bartolomeo Vanzetti was convicted of murder and in spite of world-wide protest was executed (1891-1927)


pos: n
definition:
Egyptian statesman who (as president of Egypt) negotiated a peace treaty with Menachem Begin (then prime minister of Israel) (1918-1981)


pos: n
definition:
French soldier and writer whose descriptions of sexual perversion gave rise to the term `sadism' (1740-1814)


pos: n
definition:
Soviet physicist and dissident; helped develop the first Russian hydrogen bomb; advocated nuclear disarmament and campaigned for human rights (1921-1989)


pos: n
definition:
sultan of Syria and Egypt; reconquered Jerusalem from the Christians in 1187 but was defeated by Richard Coeur de Lion in 1191 (1137-1193)


pos: n
definition:
United States virologist who developed the Salk vaccine that is injected against poliomyelitis (born 1914)


pos: n
definition:
American financier and American Revolutionary War patriot who helped fund the army during the American Revolution (1740?-1785)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) a judge of Israel who performed herculean feats of strength against the Philistines until he was betrayed to them by his mistress Delilah


pos: n
definition:
United States writer remembered for his poetry in free verse and his six volume biography of Abraham Lincoln (1878-1967)


pos: n
definition:
United States nurse who campaigned for birth control and planned parenthood; she challenged Gregory Pincus to develop a birth control pill (1883-1966)


pos: n
definition:
English biochemist who determined the sequence of amino acids in insulin and who invented a technique to determine the genetic sequence of an organism (born in 1918)


pos: n
definition:
the Greek lyric poet of Lesbos; much admired although only fragments of her poetry have been preserved (6th century BC)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) the first king of the Israelites who defended Israel against many enemies (especially the Philistines)


pos: n
definition:
Italian religious and political reformer; a Dominican friar in Florence who preached against sin and corruption and gained a large following; he expelled the Medici from Florence but was later excommunicated and executed for criticizing the Pope (1452-1498)


pos: n
definition:
fashion designer born in Italy who was noted for her use of synthetic materials and brilliant colors (1896-1973)


pos: n
definition:
Italian astronomer who first noted lines (which he called canals) on the surface of Mars (1835-1910)


pos: n
definition:
German archaeologist who discovered nine superimposed city sites of Troy; he also excavated Mycenae (1822-1890)


pos: n
definition:
United States composer (born in Austria) and pianist noted for his interpretations of the works of Mozart and Beethoven and Schubert (1882-1951)


pos: n
definition:
United States composer and musical theorist (born in Austria) who developed atonal composition (1874-1951)


pos: n
definition:
United States geologist and ethnologist and explorer who discovered the source of the Mississippi River (1793-1864)


pos: n
definition:
German pianist and composer of piano music; renowned for her interpretation of music, especially the music of her husband Robert Schumann (1819-1896)


pos: n
definition:
German physiologist and histologist who in 1838 and 1839 identified the cell as the basic structure of plant and animal tissue (1810-1882)


pos: n
definition:
French philosopher and physician and organist who spent most of his life as a medical missionary in Gabon (1875-1965)


pos: n
definition:
Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)


pos: n
definition:
Tennessee highschool teacher who violated a state law by teaching evolution; in a highly publicized trial in 1925 he was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and defended by Clarence Darrow (1900-1970)


pos: n
definition:
United States slave who sued for liberty after living in a non-slave state; caused the Supreme Court to declare the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional (1795?-1858)


pos: n
definition:
United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866)


pos: n
definition:
English explorer who reached the South Pole just a month after Amundsen; he and his party died on the return journey (1868-1912)


pos: n
definition:
United States newspaper publisher who founded an important press association; half-brother of James Edmund Scripps (1854-1926)


pos: n
definition:
United States folk singer who was largely responsible for the interest in folk music in the 1960s (born in 1919)


pos: n
definition:
Macedonian general who accompanied Alexander the Great into Asia; founded a line of kings who reigned in Asia Minor until 65 BC (358-281 BC)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish sailor who was put ashore on a deserted island off the coast of Chile for five years (providing the basis for Daniel Defoe's novel about Robinson Crusoe) (1676-1721)


pos: n
definition:
Roman statesman and philosopher who was an advisor to Nero; his nine extant tragedies are modeled on Greek tragedies (circa 4 BC - 65 AD)


pos: n
definition:
king of Assyria who invaded Judea twice and defeated Babylon and rebuilt Nineveh after it had been destroyed by Babylonians (died in 681 BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States religious leader who was the first person born in the United States to be canonized (1774-1821)


pos: n
definition:
United States politician who as Secretary of State in 1867 arranged for the purchase of Alaska from Russia (known at the time as Seward's Folly) (1801-1872)


pos: n
definition:
American Revolutionary leader and signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution (1721-1793)


pos: n
definition:
United States general who was commander of all Union troops in the West; he captured Atlanta and led a destructive march to the sea that cut the Confederacy in two (1820-1891)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist (born in England) who contributed to the development of the electronic transistor (1910-1989)


pos: n
definition:
United States industrialist (born in Russia) who designed the first four-engine airplane and the first mass-produced helicopter (1889-1972)


pos: n
definition:
French writer (born in Belgium) best known for his detective novels featuring Inspector Maigret (1903-1989)


pos: n
definition:
United States economist and psychologist who pioneered in the development of cognitive science (1916-2001)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish obstetrician and surgeon who pioneered in the use of ether and discovered the anesthetic effects of chloroform (1811-1870)


pos: n
definition:
United States divorcee whose marriage to Edward VIII created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication


pos: n
definition:
English electrical engineer who founded a company that introduced many innovative products (born in 1940)


pos: n
definition:
Dutch astronomer who calculated the size of the universe and suggested that it is expanding (1872-1934)


pos: n
definition:
American chemist who with Robert Curl and Harold Kroto discovered fullerenes and opened a new branch of chemistry (born in 1943)


pos: n
definition:
English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia; was said to have been saved by Pocahontas (1580-1631)


pos: n
definition:
English chemist whose work on radioactive disintegration led to the discovery of isotopes (1877-1956)


pos: n
definition:
Soviet writer and political dissident whose novels exposed the brutality of Soviet labor camps (born in 1918)


pos: n
definition:
English explorer who with Sir Richard Burton was the first European to explore Lake Tanganyika; he also discovered Lake Victoria and named it (1827-1864)


pos: n
definition:
English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903)


pos: n
definition:
English poet who wrote an allegorical romance celebrating Elizabeth I in the Spenserian stanza (1552-1599)


pos: n
definition:
United States pediatrician whose many books on child care influenced the upbringing of children around the world (1903-1998)


pos: n
definition:
Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)


pos: n
definition:
English colonist in America; leader of the Pilgrims in the early days of the Plymouth Colony (1584-1656)


pos: n
definition:
Russian actor and theater director who trained his actors to emphasize the psychological motivation of their roles (1863-1938)


pos: n
definition:
Welsh journalist and explorer who led an expedition to Africa in search of David Livingstone and found him in Tanzania in 1871; he and Livingstone together tried to find the source of the Nile River (1841-1904)


pos: n
definition:
United States suffragist and feminist; called for reform of the practices that perpetuated sexual inequality (1815-1902)


pos: n
definition:
United States civil engineer noted for designing suspension bridges (including the George Washington Bridge) (1886-1960)


pos: n
definition:
United States piano maker (born in Germany) who founded a famous piano manufacturing firm in New York (1797-1871)


pos: n
definition:
French writer whose novels were the first to feature psychological analysis of the character (1783-1842)


pos: n
definition:
American Revolutionary leader (born in Prussia) who trained the troops under George Washington (1730-1794)


pos: n
definition:
United States psychologist and psychophysicist who proposed Stevens' power law to replace Fechner's law (1906-1973)


pos: n
definition:
United States general who commanded the Allied forces in China and Burma and India during World War II (1883-1946)


pos: n
definition:
United States jurist who was named chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1941 by Franklin D. Roosevelt (1872-1946)


pos: n
definition:
Italian violin maker who developed the modern violin and created violins of unequaled tonal quality (1644?-1737)


pos: n
definition:
United States actor and film director (born in Austria) who was a leader in developing method acting in the United States (1901-1982)


pos: n
definition:
Austrian composer and son of Strauss the Elder; composed many famous waltzes and became known as the `waltz king' (1825-1899)


pos: n
definition:
German composer of many operas; collaborated with librettist Hugo von Hoffmannsthal to produce several operas (1864-1949)


pos: n
definition:
the last Dutch colonial administrator of New Netherland; in 1664 he was forced to surrender the colony to England (1592-1672)


pos: n
definition:
Indonesian statesman who obtained the independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands in 1949 and served as president until ousted by Suharto in a coup d'etat (1901-1970)


pos: n
definition:
United States architect known for his steel framed skyscrapers and for coining the phrase `form follows function' (1856-1924)


pos: n
definition:
Dutch naturalist and microscopist who proposed a classification of insects and who was among the first to recognize cells in animals and was the first to see red blood cells (1637-1680)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist and molecular biologist who helped develop the first atom bomb and later opposed the use of all nuclear weapons (1898-1964)


pos: n
definition:
27th President of the United States and later chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1857-1930)


pos: n
definition:
Indian writer and philosopher whose poetry (based on traditional Hindu themes) pioneered the use of colloquial Bengali (1861-1941)


pos: n
definition:
English inventor and pioneer in photography who published the first book illustrated with photographs (1800-1877)


pos: n
definition:
United States ballerina who promoted American ballet through tours and television appearances (born in 1925)


pos: n
definition:
English organist and composer of church and secular music; was granted a monopoly in music printing with William Byrd (1505-1585)


pos: n
definition:
Mongolian ruler of Samarkand who led his nomadic hordes to conquer an area from Turkey to Mongolia (1336-1405)


pos: n
definition:
Norman leader in the First Crusade who played an important role in the capture of Jerusalem (1078-1112)


pos: n
definition:
United States actress (born in England) who made many stage appearances, often with her husband Hume Cronyn (1909-1994)


pos: n
definition:
United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court; remembered for his ruling that slaves and their descendants have no rights as citizens (1777-1864)


pos: n
definition:
United States writer remembered for her muckraking investigations into industries in the early 20th century (1857-1944)


pos: n
definition:
according to legend, the seventh and last Etruscan king of Rome who was expelled for his cruelty (reigned from 534 to 510 BC)


pos: n
definition:
Italian poet who wrote an epic poem about the capture of Jerusalem during the First Crusade (1544-1595)


pos: n
definition:
United States jazz pianist who was almost completely blind; his innovations influenced many other jazz musicians (1910-1956)


pos: n
definition:
United States biochemist who discovered how genes act by regulating definite chemical events (1909-1975)


pos: n
definition:
United States film actress (born in England) who was a childhood star; as an adult she often co-starred with Richard Burton (born in 1932)


pos: n
definition:
an English pirate who operated in the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of North America (died in 1718)


pos: n
definition:
a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist (born in Hungary) who worked on the first atom bomb and the first hydrogen bomb (1908-2003)


pos: n
definition:
dramatist of ancient Rome (born in Greece) whose comedies were based on works by Menander (190?-159 BC)


pos: n
definition:
Indian nun and missionary in the Roman Catholic Church (born of Albanian parents in what is now Macedonia); dedicated to helping the poor in India (1910-1997)


pos: n
definition:
United States electrical engineer and inventor (born in Croatia but of Serbian descent) who discovered the principles of alternating currents and developed the first alternating-current induction motor and the Tesla coil and several forms of oscillators (1856-1943)


pos: n
definition:
a presocratic Greek philosopher and astronomer (who predicted an eclipse in 585 BC) who was said by Aristotle to be the founder of physical science; he held that all things originated in water (624-546 BC)


pos: n
definition:
Athenian statesman who persuaded Athens to build a navy and then led it to victory over the Persians (527-460 BC)


pos: n
definition:
the last emperor of a united Roman Empire, he took control of the eastern empire and ended the war with the Visigoths; he became a Christian and in 391 banned all forms of pagan worship (346-395)


pos: n
definition:
Greek philosopher who was a student of Aristotle and who succeeded Aristotle as the leader of the Peripatetics (371-287 BC)


pos: n
definition:
a radio broadcast journalist during World War I and World War II noted for his nightly new broadcast (1892-1981)


pos: n
definition:
English physicist (born in America) who studied heat and friction; experiments convinced him that heat is caused by moving particles (1753-1814)


pos: n
definition:
United States classical archaeologist (born in Canada) noted for leading the excavation of the Athenian agora (1906-2000)


pos: n
definition:
English physicist who experimented with the conduction of electricity through gases and who discovered the electron and determined its charge and mass (1856-1940)


pos: n
definition:
English physicist (son of Joseph John Thomson) who was a co-discoverer of the diffraction of electrons by crystals (1892-1975)


pos: n
definition:
United States electrical engineer (born in England) who in 1892 formed a company with Thomas Edison (1853-1937)


pos: n
definition:
son-in-law of Augustus who became a suspicious tyrannical Emperor of Rome after a brilliant military career (42 BC to AD 37)


pos: n
definition:
Yugoslav statesman who led the resistance to German occupation during World War II and established a communist state after the war (1892-1980)


pos: n
definition:
Japanese army officer who initiated the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and who assumed dictatorial control of Japan during World War II; he was subsequently tried and executed as a war criminal (1884-1948)


pos: n
definition:
the Spaniard who as Grand Inquisitor was responsible for the death of thousands of Jews and suspected witches during the Spanish Inquisition (1420-1498)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist who developed the laser and maser principles for producing high-intensity radiation (1915-)


pos: n
definition:
United States social reformer who proposed an old-age pension sponsored by the federal government; his plan was a precursor to Social Security (1867-1960)


pos: n
definition:
English historian who studied the rise and fall of civilizations looking for cyclical patterns (1889-1975)


pos: n
definition:
Roman Emperor and adoptive son of Nerva; extended the Roman Empire to the east and conducted an extensive program of building (53-117)


pos: n
definition:
English historian who wrote a history of the American revolution and a biography of his uncle Lord Macaulay (1838-1928)


pos: n
definition:
English historian and son of Sir George Otto Trevelyan whose works include a social history of England and a biography of Garibaldi (1876-1962)


pos: n
definition:
Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army; he was ousted from the Communist Party by Stalin and eventually assassinated in Mexico (1879-1940)


pos: n
definition:
elected vice president in Roosevelt's 4th term; became 33rd President of the United States on Roosevelt's death in 1945 and was elected President in 1948; authorized the use of atomic bombs against Japan (1884-1972)


pos: n
definition:
United States screenwriter who was blacklisted and imprisoned for refusing to cooperate with congressional investigations of communism in America (1905-1976)


pos: n
definition:
American Revolutionary leader who as governor of Connecticut provided supplies for the Continental Army (1710-1785)


pos: n
definition:
United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)


pos: n
definition:
United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913)


pos: n
definition:
United States prizefighter who won the world heavyweight championship by defeating Jack Dempsey twice (1898-1978)


pos: n
definition:
French economist who in 1774 was put in control of finances by Louis XVI; his proposals for reforms that involved abolishing feudal privileges made him unpopular with the aristocracy and in 1776 he was dismissed (1727-1781)


pos: n
definition:
English mathematician who conceived of the Turing machine and broke German codes during World War II (1912-1954)


pos: n
definition:
United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history (1861-1951)


pos: n
definition:
English landscape painter whose treatment of light and color influenced the French impressionists (1775-1851)


pos: n
definition:
United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia; he was captured and executed (1800-1831)


pos: n
definition:
French modeler (resident in England after 1802) who made wax death masks of prominent victims of the French Revolution and toured Britain with her wax models; in 1835 she opened a permanent waxworks exhibition in London (1761-1850)


pos: n
definition:
elected vice president and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died (1790-1862)


pos: n
definition:
English translator and Protestant martyr; his translation of the Bible into English (which later formed the basis for the King James Version) aroused ecclesiastical opposition; he left England in 1524 and was burned at the stake in Antwerp as a heretic (1494-1536)


pos: n
definition:
British physicist (born in Ireland) remembered for his experiments on the transparency of gases and the absorption of radiant heat by gases and the transmission of sound through the atmosphere; he was the first person to explain why the daylight sky is blue (1820-1893)


pos: n
definition:
a Christian believed to be of Cappadocian descent who became bishop of the Visigoths in 341 and translated the Bible from Greek into Gothic; traditionally held to have invented the Gothic alphabet (311-382)


pos: n
definition:
a Roman Catholic who advocates ultramontanism (supreme papal authority in matters of faith and discipline)


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) the husband of Bathsheba and a soldier who was sent to die in battle so that king David could marry his wife (circa 10th century BC)


pos: n
definition:
United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877)


pos: n
definition:
United States anarchist (born in Italy) who with Nicola Sacco was convicted of murder and in spite of world-wide protest was executed (1888-1927)


pos: n
definition:
United States composer (born in France) whose music combines dissonance with complex rhythms and the use of electronic techniques (1883-1965)


pos: n
definition:
United States geneticist who published the complete base sequences for all the genes of a free-living organism, the influenza bacterium; later led team that developed a first draft of the entire human genome (born in 1946)


pos: n
definition:
United States freed slave and insurrectionist in South Carolina who was involved in planning an uprising of slaves and was hanged (1767-1822)


pos: n
definition:
Emperor of Rome and founder of the Flavian dynasty who consolidated Roman rule in Germany and Britain and reformed the army and brought prosperity to the empire; began the construction of the Colosseum (9-79)


pos: n
definition:
Florentine navigator who explored the coast of South America; America was named in his honor (1454-1512)


pos: n
definition:
Italian dancing-master for Louis XVI who was considered the greatest dancer of his day; he was the first to discard the mask in mime (1729-1808)


pos: n
definition:
queen of Great Britain and Ireland and empress of India from 1837 to 1901; the last Hanoverian ruler of England (1819-1901)


pos: n
definition:
German pathologist who recognized that all cells come from cells by binary fission and who emphasized cellular abnormalities in disease (1821-1902)


pos: n
definition:
Christian martyr and patron of those who suffer from epilepsy and Sydenham's chorea (died around 300)


pos: n
definition:
Italian physicist after whom the volt is named; studied electric currents and invented the voltaic pile (1745-1827)


pos: n
definition:
United States writer whose novels and short stories are a mixture of realism and satire and science fiction (born in 1922)


pos: n
definition:
United States mathematician who contributed to the development of atom bombs and of stored-program digital computers (1903-1957)


pos: n
definition:
German composer of operas and inventor of the musical drama in which drama and spectacle and music are fused (1813-1883)


pos: n
definition:
United States jurist who was appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1874 by President Grant (1816-1888)


pos: n
definition:
Austrian diplomat who was Secretary General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981; in 1986 he was elected president of Austria in spite of worldwide allegations that he had direct knowledge of Nazi atrocities during World War II (born in 1918)


pos: n
definition:
New Zealand runner who in 1975 became the first person to run a mile in less that 3 minutes and 50 seconds (born in 1952)


pos: n
definition:
English naturalist who formulated a concept of evolution that resembled Charles Darwin's (1823-1913)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish insurgent who led the resistance to Edward I; in 1297 he gained control of Scotland briefly until Edward invaded Scotland again and defeated Wallace and subsequently executed him (1270-1305)


pos: n
definition:
Englishman and Whig statesman who (under George I) was effectively the first British prime minister (1676-1745)


pos: n
definition:
German biochemist who pioneered the use of chemical techniques in biological investigations; noted for studies of cellular respiration (1883-1970)


pos: n
definition:
United States filmmaker who with his brothers founded the movie studio that produced the first talking picture (1881-1958)


pos: n
definition:
English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)


pos: n
definition:
1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799)


pos: n
definition:
United States educator who was born a slave but became educated and founded a college at Tuskegee in Alabama (1856-1915)


pos: n
definition:
United States geneticist who (with Crick in 1953) helped discover the helical structure of DNA (born in 1928)


pos: n
definition:
Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819)


pos: n
definition:
British field marshal in North Africa in World War II; he defeated the Italians before being defeated by the Germans (1883-1950)


pos: n
definition:
German physiologist who studied sensory responses to stimuli and is considered the father of psychophysics (1795-1878)


pos: n
definition:
German physicist and brother of E. H. Weber; noted for his studies of terrestrial magnetism (1804-1891)


pos: n
definition:
German biologist who was one of the founders of modern genetics; his theory of genetic transmission ruled out the possibility of transmitting acquired characteristics (1834-1914)


pos: n
definition:
Israeli statesman who persuaded the United States to recognize the new state of Israel and became its first president (1874-1952)


pos: n
definition:
British general and statesman; he defeated Napoleon at Waterloo; subsequently served as Prime Minister (1769-1852)


pos: n
definition:
prolific English writer best known for his science-fiction novels; he also wrote on contemporary social problems and wrote popular accounts of history and science (1866-1946)


pos: n
definition:
United States educator who in 1865 (with Ezra Cornell) founded Cornell University and served as its first president (1832-1918)


pos: n
definition:
United States jurist appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1910 by President Taft; noted for his work on antitrust legislation (1845-1921)


pos: n
definition:
United States frontier missionary who established a post in Oregon where Christianity and schooling and medicine were available to Native Americans (1802-1847)


pos: n
definition:
United States writer (born in Romania) who survived Nazi concentration camps and is dedicated to keeping alive the memory of the Holocaust (born in 1928)


pos: n
definition:
United States physicist (born in Hungary) noted for his work on the structure of the atom and its nucleus (1902-1995)


pos: n
definition:
United States filmmaker (born in Austria) whose dark humor infused many of the films he made (1906-2002)


pos: n
definition:
English reformer who published attacks on George III and supported the rights of the American colonists (1727-1797)


pos: n
definition:
English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism; he founded Providence in 1636 and obtained a royal charter for Rhode Island in 1663 (1603-1683)


pos: n
definition:
28th President of the United States; led the United States in World War I and secured the formation of the League of Nations (1856-1924)


pos: n
definition:
United States entomologist who has generalized from social insects to other animals including humans (born in 1929)


pos: n
definition:
American Revolutionary leader who was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence (1742-1798)


pos: n
definition:
author of the first novel by an African American that was published in the United States (1808-1870)


pos: n
definition:
English colonial administrator who traveled to America on the Mayflower and served as the first governor of the Plymouth Colony (1595-1655)


pos: n
definition:
United States religious leader (born in Bohemia) who united reform Jewish organizations in the United States (1819-1900)


pos: n
definition:
American Revolutionary leader and educator (born in Scotland) who signed of the Declaration of Independence and was president of the college that became Princeton University (1723-1794)


pos: n
definition:
German classical scholar who claimed that the Iliad and Odyssey were composed by several authors (1759-1824)


pos: n
definition:
English chemist and physicist who discovered palladium and rhodium and demonstrated that static and current electricity are the same (1766-1828)


pos: n
definition:
English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women; mother of Mary Shelley (1759-1797)


pos: n
definition:
United States advocate of women's suffrage; in 1872 she was the first woman to run for the United States presidency (1838-1927)


pos: n
definition:
English author whose work used such techniques as stream of consciousness and the interior monologue; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1882-1941)


pos: n
definition:
United States businessman who opened a shop in 1879 selling low-priced goods and built it into a national chain of stores (1852-1919)


pos: n
definition:
a romantic English poet whose work was inspired by the Lake District where he spent most of his life (1770-1850)


pos: n
definition:
French couturier (born in England) regarded as the founder of Parisian haute couture; noted for introducing the bustle (1825-1895)


pos: n
definition:
United States aviation pioneer who (with his brother Wilbur Wright) invented the airplane (1871-1948)


pos: n
definition:
United States aviation pioneer who (with his brother Orville Wright) invented the airplane (1867-1912)


pos: n
definition:
English theologian whose objections to Roman Catholic doctrine anticipated the Protestant Reformation (1328-1384)


pos: n
definition:
English prelate and statesman; founded a college at Oxford and Winchester College in Winchester; served as chancellor of England and bishop of Winchester (1324-1404)


pos: n
definition:
Spanish missionary and Jesuit who establish missionaries in Japan and Ceylon and the East Indies (1506-1552)


pos: n
definition:
English philanthropist who made contributions to a college in Connecticut that was renamed in his honor (1649-1721)


pos: n
definition:
French bacteriologist born in Switzerland; was a student of Pasteur; discovered the plague bacillus (1863-1943)


pos: n
definition:
United States religious leader of the Mormon Church after the assassination of Joseph Smith; he led the Mormon exodus from Illinois to Salt Lake City, Utah (1801-1877)


pos: n
definition:
British physicist and Egyptologist; he revived the wave theory of light and proposed a three-component theory of color vision; he also played an important role in deciphering the hieroglyphics on the Rosetta Stone (1773-1829)


pos: n
definition:
Japanese mathematical physicist who proposed that nuclear forces are mediated by massive particles called mesons which are analogous to the photon in mediating electromagnetic forces (1907-1981)


pos: n
definition:
United States filmmaker whose works include the first full-length feature film with sound sequences (1902-1979)


pos: n
definition:
Dutch physicist honored for his research on the influence of magnetism on radiation which showed that light is radiated by the motion of charged particles in an atom (1865-1943)


pos: n
definition:
ancient Greek philosopher who formulated paradoxes that defended the belief that motion and change are illusory (circa 495-430 BC)


pos: n
definition:
Soviet general who during World Warr II directed the counteroffensive at Stalingrad and relieved Leningrad and captured Berlin (1896-1974)


pos: n
definition:
United States theatrical producer noted for a series of extravagant revues known as the Ziegfeld Follies (1869-1932)


pos: n
definition:
change in the electrical conductivity of a substance as a result of absorbing electromagnetic radiation


pos: n
definition:
the organic phenomenon in which one of a pair of alleles present in a genotype is expressed in the phenotype and the other allele of the pair is not


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) any perturbation of the mean motion or orbit of a planet or satellite (especially a perturbation of the earth's moon)


pos: n
definition:
an optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving object


pos: n
definition:
an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles following the earth's magnetic lines of force


pos: n
definition:
(neurophysiology) rapid fluctuations of voltage between parts of the cerebral cortex that are detectable with an electroencephalograph


pos: n
definition:
a phenomenon associated with surface tension and resulting in the elevation or depression of liquids in capillaries


pos: n
definition:
the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons


pos: n
definition:
generation of an electric charge on certain crystals (such as tourmaline) as a result of a change in temperature


pos: n
definition:
(cosmology) the cooled remnant of the hot big bang that fills the entire universe and can be observed today with an average temperature of about 2.725 kelvin


pos: n
definition:
a large cloud of rubble and dust shaped like a mushroom and rising into the sky after an explosion (especially of a nuclear bomb)


pos: n
definition:
a faint spot of light in the night sky that appears directly opposite the position of the sun; a reflection of sunlight by micrometeoric material in space


pos: n
definition:
phenomenon that occurs when a metal is being heated and there is a sudden slowing in the rate of temperature increase; slowing is caused by a change in the internal crystal structure of the metal


pos: n
definition:
(biology) release of material by splitting open of an organ or tissue; the natural bursting open at maturity of a fruit or other reproductive body to release seeds or spores or the bursting open of a surgically closed wound


pos: n
definition:
passage of blood cells (especially white blood cells) through intact capillary walls and into the surrounding tissue


pos: n
definition:
pleochroism of a crystal so that it exhibits two different colors when viewed from two different directions


pos: n
definition:
when light passes sharp edges or goes through narrow slits the rays are deflected and produce fringes of light and dark bands


pos: n
definition:
an electric quantity (voltage or current or field strength) whose modulation represents coded information about the source from which it comes


pos: n
definition:
a signal that temporarily stops the execution of a program so that another procedure can be carried out


pos: n
definition:
a belt of calms and light winds between the northern and southern trade winds of the Atlantic and Pacific


pos: n
definition:
(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs


pos: n
definition:
(physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force


pos: n
definition:
a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory


pos: n
definition:
(neurophysiology) phenomenon that occurs when two or more neural impulses that alone are not enough to trigger a response in a neuron combine to trigger an action potential


pos: n
definition:
am unwanted reflection in an optical system (or the fogging of an image that is caused by such a reflection)


pos: n
definition:
the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it


pos: n
definition:
a storm in which violent winds are drawn into the column of hot air rising over a severely bombed area


pos: n
definition:
the friction between a body and the surface on which it moves (as between an automobile tire and the road)


pos: n
definition:
a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning


pos: n
definition:
(physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface


pos: n
definition:
a severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rains and winds moving a 73-136 knots (12 on the Beaufort scale)


pos: n
definition:
the lagging of an effect behind its cause; especially the phenomenon in which the magnetic induction of a ferromagnetic material lags behind the changing magnetic field


pos: n
definition:
an electrical phenomenon whereby an electromotive force (EMF) is generated in a closed circuit by a change in the flow of current


pos: n
definition:
(physics) the tendency of a body to maintain its state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force


pos: n
definition:
an acronym for emissions of light and very low frequency perturbations due to electromagnetic pulse sources; extremely bright extremely short (less than a msec) electrical flashes forming a huge ring (up to 400 km diameter) in the ionosphere


pos: n
definition:
atmospheric discharges (lasting 10 msec) bursting from the tops of giant storm clouds in blue cones that widen as they flash upward


pos: n
definition:
abrupt electric discharge from cloud to cloud or from cloud to earth accompanied by the emission of light


pos: n
definition:
atmospheric electricity (lasting 10 msec) appearing as globular flashes of red (pink to blood-red) light rising to heights of 60 miles (sometimes seen together with elves)


pos: n
definition:
the magnetic field of a planet; the volume around the planet in which charged particles are subject more to the planet's magnetic field than to the solar magnetic field


pos: n
definition:
a single pulsation of an oscillation produced by adding two waves of different frequencies; has a frequency equal to the difference between the two oscillations


pos: n
definition:
a vibration of large amplitude produced by a relatively small vibration near the same frequency of vibration as the natural frequency of the resonating system


pos: n
definition:
an excited state of a stable particle causing a sharp maximum in the probability of absorption of electromagnetic radiation


pos: n
definition:
attraction for iron; associated with electric currents as well as magnets; characterized by fields of force


pos: n
definition:
phenomenon exhibited by materials like copper or bismuth that become magnetized in a magnetic field with a polarity opposite to the magnetic force; unlike iron they are slightly repelled by a magnet


pos: n
definition:
a phenomenon in ferrites where there can be incomplete cancellation of antiferromagnetic arranged spins giving a net magnetic moment


pos: n
definition:
phenomenon exhibited by materials like iron (nickel or cobalt) that become magnetized in a magnetic field and retain their magnetism when the field is removed


pos: n
definition:
materials like aluminum or platinum become magnetized in a magnetic field but it disappears when the field is removed


pos: n
definition:
a short electromagnetic wave (longer than infrared but shorter than radio waves); used for radar and microwave ovens and for transmitting telephone, facsimile, video and data


pos: n
definition:
a streak of light in the sky at night that results when a meteoroid hits the earth's atmosphere and air friction causes the meteoroid to melt or vaporize or explode


pos: n
definition:
an optical illusion in which atmospheric refraction by a layer of hot air distorts or inverts reflections of distant objects


pos: n
definition:
a seasonal wind in southern Asia; blows from the southwest (bringing rain) in summer and from the northeast in winter


pos: n
definition:
a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself; a cell suicide mechanism that enables metazoans to control cell number and eliminate cells that threaten the animal's survival


pos: n
definition:
a warm ocean current that flows northeastwardly off the coast of Japan into the northern Pacific ocean


pos: n
definition:
electricity produced by mechanical pressure on certain crystals (notably quartz or Rochelle salt); alternatively, electrostatic stress produces a change in the linear dimensions of the crystal


pos: n
definition:
the phenomenon of different colors appearing when certain crystals are viewed from different directions


pos: n
definition:
(biology) the appearance of two or more distinctly different forms in the life cycle of some organisms


pos: n
definition:
(biology) the existence of two or more forms of individuals within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)


pos: n
definition:
(biology) the existence of two forms of individual within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) the property of certain substances that enables them to exist in two distinct crystalline forms


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) genetic variation in a DNA sequence that occurs when a single nucleotide in a genome is altered; SNPs are usually considered to be point mutations that have been evolutionarily successful enough to recur in a significant proportion of the population of a species


pos: n
definition:
pressure exerted by the fluids inside the eyeball; regulated by resistance to the outward flow of aqueous humor


pos: n
definition:
the change in direction of a propagating wave (light or sound) when passing from one medium to another


pos: n
definition:
opposition to the flow of electric current resulting from inductance and capacitance (rather than resistance)


pos: n
definition:
(medicine) an immunological response that refuses to accept substances or organisms that are recognized as foreign


pos: n
definition:
the ability of a microscope or telescope to measure the angular separation of images that are close together


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) the number of pixels per square inch on a computer-generated display; the greater the resolution, the better the picture


pos: n
definition:
(physics) a flash of light that is produced in a phosphor when it absorbs a photon or ionizing particle


pos: n
definition:
(physics) a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves


pos: n
definition:
an arctic atmospheric condition with clouds over snow produce a uniform whiteness and objects are difficult to see; occurs when the light reflected off the snow equals the light coming through the clouds


pos: n
definition:
light wispy precipitation that evaporates before it reaches the ground (especially when the lower air is low in humidity)


pos: n
definition:
a sudden eruption of intense high-energy radiation from the sun's surface; associated with sunspots and radio interference


pos: n
definition:
a cooler darker spot appearing periodically on the sun's photosphere; associated with a strong magnetic field


pos: n
definition:
a change (usually undesired) in the waveform of an acoustic or analog electrical signal; the difference between two measurements of a signal (as between the input and output signal)


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) a shift in the spectra of very distant galaxies toward longer wavelengths (toward the red end of the spectrum); generally interpreted as evidence that the universe is expanding


pos: n
definition:
the diffused light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon but its rays are refracted by the atmosphere of the earth


pos: n
definition:
(physics) the transfer of energy between elementary particles or between an elementary particle and a field or between fields; mediated by gauge bosons


pos: n
definition:
the straight line configuration of 3 celestial bodies (as the sun and earth and moon) in a gravitational system


pos: n
definition:
a storm resulting from strong rising air currents; heavy rain or hail along with thunder and lightning


pos: n
definition:
a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground


pos: n
definition:
the spreading of the sea over land as evidenced by the deposition of marine strata over terrestrial strata


pos: n
definition:
pleochroism of a crystal so that it exhibits three different colors when viewed from three different directions


pos: n
definition:
the rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; expressed in volts


pos: n
definition:
(biology) a hypothetical force (not physical or chemical) once thought by Henri Bergson to cause the evolution and development of organisms


pos: n
definition:
the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation


pos: n
definition:
a more or less vertical column of air whirling around itself as it moves over the surface of the Earth


pos: n
definition:
air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure


pos: n
definition:
the apparent displacement of an object as seen from two different points that are not on a line with the object


pos: n
definition:
used only in former classifications: comprising what is now considered a heterogeneous assemblage of flowerless and seedless organisms: algae; bacteria; fungi; lichens


pos: n
definition:
any of a group of cryptogamic organisms consisting principally of a thallus and thus showing no differentiation into stem and root and leaf


pos: n
definition:
a plant body without true stems or roots or leaves or vascular system; characteristic of the thallophytes


pos: n
definition:
a fruiting structure resembling an umbrella or a cone that forms the top of a stalked fleshy fungus such as a mushroom


pos: n
definition:
small asexual fruiting body resembling a cushion or blister consisting of a mat of hyphae that is produced on a host by some fungi


pos: n
definition:
closed spore-bearing structure of some fungi (especially Aspergillaceae and Erysiphaceae) from which spores are released only by decay or disintegration


pos: n
definition:
a part of a plant (e.g., a leaf) that has been modified to provide protection for insects or mites or fungi


pos: n
definition:
an organ or body resembling a stalk; especially the outgrowth of the thallus of certain lichens on which the ascocarp is borne


pos: n
definition:
in former classifications: comprising plants with a vascular system including ferns and fern allies as well as seed plants


pos: n
definition:
any flowerless plant such as a fern (pteridophyte) or moss (bryophyte) in which growth occurs only at the tip of the main stem


pos: n
definition:
a division of nonflowering plants characterized by rhizoids rather than true roots and having little or no organized vascular tissue and showing alternation of generations between gamete-bearing forms and spore-bearing forms; comprises true mosses (Bryopsida) and liverworts (Hepaticopsida) and hornworts (Anthoceropsida)


pos: n
definition:
hornworts; liverworts having a thalloid gametophyte; in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida


pos: n
definition:
true mosses: bryophytes having leafy rather than thalloid gametophytes: comprises orders Andreaeales; Bryales; Dicranales; Eubryales; Sphagnales


pos: n
definition:
category used in some classification systems for mosses having the spore case separated from the capsule wall by a hollow intercellular space


pos: n
definition:
type genus of the Bryaceae: mosses distinguished by mostly erect and tufted gametophytes and symmetrical short-necked capsules


pos: n
definition:
family of erect mosses with club-shaped paraphyses and the hexagonal cells of the upper leaf surface; sometimes treated as a subfamily of Bryaceae


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous small green nonvascular plants of the class Hepaticopsida growing in wet places and resembling green seaweeds or leafy mosses


pos: n
definition:
type genus of Marchantiaceae; liverworts that reproduce asexually by gemmae and have stalked antheridiophores


pos: n
definition:
containing all the vascular plants that do not bear seeds: ferns, horsetails, club mosses, and whisk ferns; in some classifications considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous flowerless and seedless vascular plants having true roots from a rhizome and fronds that uncurl upward; reproduce by spores


pos: n
definition:
a small usually single-celled asexual reproductive body produced by many nonflowering plants and fungi and some bacteria and protozoans and that are capable of developing into a new individual without sexual fusion


pos: n
definition:
a small leafy outgrowth at the base of a leaf or its stalk; usually occurring in pairs and soon shed


pos: n
definition:
an undifferentiated part of a perianth that cannot be distinguished as a sepal or a petal (as in lilies and tulips)


pos: n
definition:
seed plants; comprises the Angiospermae (or Magnoliophyta) and Gymnospermae (or Gymnospermophyta); in some classification systems Spermatophyta is coordinate with Pteridophyta (spore producing plants having vascular tissue and roots) and Bryophyta (spore producing plants lacking vascular tissue and roots)


pos: n
definition:
in former classification systems: one of two major plant divisions, including all seed-bearing plants; superseded by the division Spermatophyta


pos: n
definition:
in former classification systems: one of two major plant divisions, including all plants that do not bear seeds: ferns, mosses, algae, fungi


pos: n
definition:
formerly recognized taxonomic group including all flowerless and seedless plants that reproduce by means of spores: ferns, mosses, algae, fungi


pos: n
definition:
(botany) a plant having a life cycle that normally takes two seasons from germination to death to complete; flowering biennials usually bloom and fruit in the second season


pos: n
definition:
plants having naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Gymnospermae) and in others a division (Gymnospermophyta); comprises three subdivisions (or classes): Cycadophytina (class Cycadopsida) and Gnetophytina (class Gnetopsida) and Coniferophytina (class Coniferopsida); in some classifications the Coniferophytina are divided into three groups: Pinophytina (class Pinopsida) and Ginkgophytina (class Ginkgopsida) and Taxophytina (class Taxopsida)


pos: n
definition:
gymnospermous flowering plants; supposed link between conifers and angiosperms; in some systems classified as a class (Gnetopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Gnetophytina or Gnetophyta)


pos: n
definition:
chiefly tropical or xerophytic woody plants; practically unknown as fossils but considered close to the ancestral line of angiosperms


pos: n
definition:
plants having small unisexual flowers and fleshy or winged fruit: in some classifications includes the genera Ephedra and Welwitschia as well as genus Gnetum


pos: n
definition:
small tropical tree with tiered branches and divaricate branchlets having broad glossy dark green leaves; exploited for its edible young leaves and seeds that provide a fine flour


pos: n
definition:
curious plant of arid regions of southwestern Africa having a yard-high and yard-wide trunk like a turnip with a deep taproot and two large persistent woody straplike leaves growing from the base; living relic of a flora long disappeared; some may be 700-5000 years old


pos: n
definition:
palmlike gymnosperms: includes the surviving order Cycadales and several extinct orders; possibly not a natural group; in some systems considered a class (Cycadopsida) and in others a subdivision (Cycadophytina or Cycadophyta)


pos: n
definition:
primitive tropical gymnosperms abundant in the Mesozoic, now reduced to a few scattered tropical forms


pos: n
definition:
any tropical gymnosperm of the order Cycadales; having unbranched stems with a crown of fernlike leaves


pos: n
definition:
type genus of Cycadaceae: genus of widely distributed Old World evergreen tropical trees having pinnate leaves and columnar stems covered with persistent bases of old leaves


pos: n
definition:
small tough woody zamia of Florida and West Indies and Cuba; roots and half-buried stems yield an arrowroot


pos: n
definition:
a small cycad of the genus Ceratozamia having a short scaly woody trunk and fernlike foliage and woody cones; Mexico


pos: n
definition:
any cycad of the genus Dioon; handsome palmlike cycads with robust crowns of leaves and rugged trunks


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous cycads of the genus Encephalartos having stout cylindrical trunks and a terminal crown of long often spiny pinnate leaves


pos: n
definition:
any treelike cycad of the genus Macrozamia having erect trunks and pinnate leaves and large cones with sometimes edible nuts; Australia


pos: n
definition:
used in some classification systems: a group of extinct fossil gymnosperms coextensive with the order Cycadofilicales


pos: n
definition:
cone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period; most are substantial trees; includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian)


pos: n
definition:
extinct plants having tall arborescent trunks comparable to or more advanced than cycads; known from the Pennsylvanian period; probably extinct since the Mesozoic era


pos: n
definition:
tall Paleozoic trees superficially resembling modern screw pines; structurally intermediate in some ways between cycads and conifers


pos: n
definition:
most conifers: in some systems classified as a class (Pinopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Pinophytina); used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


pos: n
definition:
straight-grained durable and often resinous white to yellowish timber of any of numerous trees of the genus Pinus


pos: n
definition:
common and widely distributed tall timber pine of western North America having dark green needles in bunches of 2 to 5 and thick bark with dark brown plates when mature


pos: n
definition:
shrubby two-needled pine of coastal northwestern United States; red to yellow-brown bark fissured into small squares


pos: n
definition:
medium-sized larch of Canada and northern United States including Alaska having a broad conic crown and rust-brown scaly bark


pos: n
definition:
durable aromatic wood of any of numerous cedar trees; especially wood of the red cedar often used for cedar chests


pos: n
definition:
tall East Indian cedar having spreading branches with nodding tips; highly valued for its appearance as well as its timber


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous evergreen conifers of the genus Cupressus of north temperate regions having dark scalelike leaves and rounded cones


pos: n
definition:
coniferous trees; traditionally considered an independent family though recently included in Cupressaceae in some classification systems


pos: n
definition:
large fast-growing Chinese monoecious tree having flat bright-green deciduous leaves and small globular cones; commonly cultivated in United States as an ornamental; known as a fossil before being discovered in China


pos: n
definition:
either of two huge coniferous California trees that reach a height of 300 feet; sometimes placed in the Taxodiaceae


pos: n
definition:
Mexico's most famous tree; a giant specimen of Montezuma cypress more than 2,000 years old with a girth of 165 feet at Santa Maria del Tule


pos: n
definition:
large coniferous evergreen tree of North Africa and Spain having flattened branches and scalelike leaves yielding a hard fragrant wood; bark yields a resin used in varnishes


pos: n
definition:
tall evergreen cone-bearing trees of South America and Australia with broad leathery leaves; in some classifications included in the Pinaceae


pos: n
definition:
any evergreen in the southern hemisphere of the genus Podocarpus having a pulpy fruit with one hard seed


pos: n
definition:
valuable timber tree of New Zealand yielding hard reddish wood used for furniture and bridges and wharves


pos: n
definition:
dioecious evergreen trees or shrubs; equatorial to southern and southeastern Africa: yellowwood; similar to trees or genus Podocarpus


pos: n
definition:
New Zealand silver pine of conical habit with long slender flexuous branches; adapted to cold wet summers and high altitudes


pos: n
definition:
sickle pines: dioecious evergreen tropical trees and shrubs having sickle-shaped leaves; similar to Dacrycarpus in habit; Malaysia and Philippines to New Guinea and New Caledonia


pos: n
definition:
small genus of Asian evergreen trees having columnar crowns and distinguished by leaves lacking a midrib; eastern Asia including India and Philippines and New Guinea


pos: n
definition:
yews: in some systems classified as a class (Taxopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Taxophytina) used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous evergreen trees or shrubs having red cup-shaped berries and flattened needlelike leaves


pos: n
definition:
wood of a yew; especially the durable fine-grained light brown or red wood of the English yew valued for cabinetwork and archery bows


pos: n
definition:
ginkgos: in some systems classified as a class and in others as a subdivision; used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta


pos: n
definition:
coextensive with the family Ginkgoaceae: plants that first appeared in the Permian and now represented by a single surviving species; often included in Coniferales


pos: n
definition:
deciduous dioecious Chinese tree having fan-shaped leaves and fleshy yellow seeds; exists almost exclusively in cultivation especially as an ornamental street tree


pos: n
definition:
used in former classifications to include all ferns and flowering plants and divided into the three classes Filicinae and Gymnospermae and Angiospermae


pos: n
definition:
comprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Angiospermae) and in others a division (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta)


pos: n
definition:
comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae


pos: n
definition:
a group of families of trees and shrubs and herbs having well-developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants; contains 36 families including Magnoliaceae and Ranunculaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder


pos: n
definition:
comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaves: includes grasses and lilies and palms and orchids; divided into four subclasses or superorders: Alismatidae; Arecidae; Commelinidae; and Liliidae


pos: n
definition:
one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 500 species in 14 families of aquatic and semiaquatic herbs


pos: n
definition:
one of four subclasses or superorder of Monocotyledones; comprises about 6400 species in 5 families of trees and shrubs and terrestrial herbs and a few free-floating aquatics including: Palmae; Araceae; Pandanaceae and Lemnaceae


pos: n
definition:
one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 19,000 species in 25 families of mostly terrestrial herbs especially of moist places including: Cyperaceae; Gramineae; Bromeliaceae; and Zingiberaceae


pos: n
definition:
a small body that contains the female germ cell of a plant; develops into a seed after fertilization


pos: n
definition:
small asexual reproductive structure in e.g. liverworts and mosses that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual


pos: n
definition:
a mature fertilized plant ovule consisting of an embryo and its food source and having a protective coat or testa


pos: n
definition:
the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed


pos: n
definition:
a reduced or scarcely developed leaf at the start of a plant's life (i.e., cotyledons) or in the early stages of leaf development


pos: n
definition:
the spore-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations


pos: n
definition:
the gamete-bearing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations


pos: n
definition:
the female gametophyte produced by the megaspore of a plant that produces both microspore and megaspores


pos: n
definition:
smaller of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in the pollen sac into a male gametophyte


pos: n
definition:
larger of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in ovule into a female gametophyte


pos: n
definition:
the cuplike or ringlike or tubular structure of a flower which bears the sepals and stamens and calyx (as in Rosaceae)


pos: n
definition:
(botany) the whorl of petals of a flower that collectively form an inner floral envelope or layer of the perianth


pos: n
definition:
(botany) the trumpet-shaped or cup-shaped outgrowth of the corolla of a daffodil or narcissus flower


pos: n
definition:
(botany) the whorl of sepals of a flower collectively forming the outer floral envelope or layer of the perianth enclosing and supporting the developing bud; usually green


pos: n
definition:
collective term for the outer parts of a flower consisting of the calyx and corolla and enclosing the stamens and pistils


pos: n
definition:
calyx composed of scales or bristles or featherlike hairs in plants of the Compositae such as thistles and dandelions


pos: n
definition:
pappus of a thistle consisting of silky featherlike hairs attached to the seed-like fruit of a thistle


pos: n
definition:
herbs, shrubs and trees: includes families Ranunculaceae; Annonaceae; Berberidaceae; Magnoliaceae; Menispermaceae; Myristicaceae; Nymphaeaceae; Lardizabalaceae; Lauraceae; Calycanthaceae; Ceratophyllaceae; Cercidiphyllaceae


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous plants of the genus Berberis having prickly stems and yellow flowers followed by small red berries


pos: n
definition:
tall herb of eastern North America and Asia having blue berrylike fruit and a thick knotty rootstock formerly used medicinally


pos: n
definition:
ornamental evergreen shrub of Pacific coast of North America having dark green pinnate leaves and racemes of yellow flowers followed by blue-black berries


pos: n
definition:
any aquatic plant of the genus Ceratophyllum; forms submerged masses in ponds and slow-flowing streams


pos: n
definition:
small Mediterranean evergreen tree with small blackish berries and glossy aromatic leaves used for flavoring in cooking; also used by ancient Greeks to crown victors


pos: n
definition:
used in some classifications for the American spicebush and certain other plants often included in the genus Lindera


pos: n
definition:
deciduous shrub of the eastern United States having highly aromatic leaves and bark and yellow flowers followed by scarlet or yellow berries


pos: n
definition:
yellowwood tree with brittle wood and aromatic leaves and bark; source of sassafras oil; widely distributed in eastern North America


pos: n
definition:
Pacific coast tree having aromatic foliage and small umbellate flowers followed by olivelike fruit; yields a hard tough wood


pos: n
definition:
small deciduous tree of eastern North America having creamy white flowers and large leaves in formations like umbrellas at the ends of branches


pos: n
definition:
type genus of Myristicaceae; tropical Asian evergreen trees with small white or yellow flowers followed by fleshy fruits


pos: n
definition:
East Indian tree widely cultivated in the tropics for its aromatic seed; source of two spices: nutmeg and mace


pos: n
definition:
common water lily of eastern and central North America, having broad leaves and globe-shaped yellow flowers; in sluggish fresh or slightly brackish water


pos: n
definition:
in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the single genus Nelumbo


pos: n
definition:
in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the genera Cabomba and Brasenia


pos: n
definition:
common aquatic plant of eastern North America having floating and submerged leaves and white yellow-spotted flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous plants widely cultivated for their showy single or double red or pink or white flowers


pos: n
definition:
perennial herb native to Europe but naturalized elsewhere having heart-shaped leaves and yellow flowers resembling buttercups; its tuberous roots have been used as a poultice to relieve piles


pos: n
definition:
genus of poisonous plants of temperate regions of northern hemisphere with a vaulted and enlarged petal


pos: n
definition:
any of various usually poisonous plants of the genus Aconitum having tuberous roots and palmately lobed leaves and blue or white flowers


pos: n
definition:
a poisonous herb native to northern Europe having hooded blue-purple flowers; the dried leaves and roots yield aconite


pos: n
definition:
poisonous Eurasian perennial herb with broad rounded leaves and yellow flowers and fibrous rootstock


pos: n
definition:
North American perennial herb with alternately compound leaves and racemes of small white flowers followed by bright red oval poisonous berries


pos: n
definition:
any woodland plant of the genus Anemone grown for its beautiful flowers and whorls of dissected leaves


pos: n
definition:
a plant of the genus Aquilegia having irregular showy spurred flowers; north temperate regions especially mountains


pos: n
definition:
a plant of the genus Cimicifuga having flowers in long racemes or panicles reported to be distasteful to insects


pos: n
definition:
low-growing perennial of North America woodlands having trifoliate leaves and yellow rootstock and white flowers


pos: n
definition:
plants having flowers resembling the larkspur's but differing from larkspur's in the arrangement of petals; sometimes included in genus Delphinium


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Delphinium having palmately divided leaves and showy spikes of variously colored spurred flowers; some contain extremely poisonous substances


pos: n
definition:
any of several plants of the genus Hepatica having three-lobed leaves and white or pinkish flowers in early spring; of moist and mossy subalpine woodland areas of north temperate regions


pos: n
definition:
small genus of perennial herbs having rhizomes and palmate leaves and small solitary flowers; of northeastern United States and Japan


pos: n
definition:
perennial herb of northeastern United States having a thick knotted yellow rootstock and large rounded leaves


pos: n
definition:
includes a group of plants that in some classifications are included in the genus Anemone: pasqueflowers


pos: n
definition:
small family of chiefly tropical shrubs and trees of genera Drimys and Pseudowintera; sometimes included in Magnoliaceae


pos: n
definition:
evergreen aromatic shrubby tree of southeastern United States having small hard berries thickly coated with white wax used for candles


pos: n
definition:
very small deciduous dioecious tree or shrub of damp habitats in southeastern United States having extremely light wood


pos: n
definition:
tall rush with soft erect or arching stems found in Eurasia, Australia, New Zealand, and common in North America


pos: n
definition:
a large family of trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs bearing bean pods; divided for convenience into the subfamilies Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae


pos: n
definition:
the fruit or seed of any of various bean or pea plants consisting of a case that splits along both sides when ripe and having the seeds attach to one side of the case


pos: n
definition:
widely cultivated American plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions; showy yellow flowers on stalks that bend over to the soil so that seed pods ripen underground


pos: n
definition:
West Indian locust tree having pinnate leaves and panicles of large white or purplish flowers; yields very hard tough wood


pos: n
definition:
creeping European clover having white to pink flowers and bright green leaves; naturalized in United States; widely grown for forage


pos: n
definition:
family of spiny woody plants (usually shrubs or small trees) whose leaves mimic animals in sensitivity to touch; commonly included in the family Leguminosae


pos: n
definition:
any of various tropical shrubs or trees of the genus Mimosa having usually yellow flowers and compound leaves


pos: n
definition:
East Indian spiny tree having twice-pinnate leaves and yellow flowers followed by flat pods; source of black catechu


pos: n
definition:
extract of the heartwood of Acacia catechu used for dyeing and tanning and preserving fishnets and sails; formerly used medicinally


pos: n
definition:
large spreading Old World tree having large leaves and globose clusters of greenish-yellow flowers and long seed pods that clatter in the wind


pos: n
definition:
large ornamental tropical American tree with bipinnate leaves and globose clusters of flowers with crimson stamens and seed pods that are eaten by cattle


pos: n
definition:
any of various shrubs and small trees valued for their fine foliage and attractive spreading habit and clustered white to deep pink or red flowers


pos: n
definition:
tropical South American tree having a wide-spreading crown of bipinnate leaves and coiled ear-shaped fruits; grown for shade and ornament as well as valuable timber


pos: n
definition:
any tree or shrub of the genus Inga having pinnate leaves and showy usually white flowers; cultivated as ornamentals


pos: n
definition:
tropical tree of Central America and West Indies and Puerto Rico having spikes of white flowers; used as shade for coffee plantations


pos: n
definition:
common thorny tropical American tree having terminal racemes of yellow flowers followed by sickle-shaped or circinate edible pods and yielding good timber and a yellow dye and mucilaginous gum


pos: n
definition:
erect shrub with small if any spines having racemes of white to yellow flowers followed by curved pointed pods and black shiny seeds; West Indies and Florida


pos: n
definition:
any of several small spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Prosopis having small flowers in axillary cylindrical spikes followed by large pods rich in sugar


pos: n
definition:
shrub or small tree of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico having spirally twisted pods


pos: n
definition:
chiefly tropical trees or shrubs or herbs having milky juice and often showy flowers; many are sources of drugs


pos: n
definition:
any of several poisonous perennial plants of the genus Apocynum having acrid milky juice and bell-shaped white or pink flowers and a very bitter root


pos: n
definition:
genus of evergreen trees or shrubs with white funnel-shaped flowers and milky sap; tropical Africa to southeastern Asia and Polynesia


pos: n
definition:
evergreen tree of eastern Asia and Philippines having large leathery leaves and small green-white flowers in compact cymes; bark formerly used medicinally


pos: n
definition:
genus of herbs and subshrubs with milky juice and showy bluish flowers; Europe to Asia Minor to Japan and North America


pos: n
definition:
small genus of erect annual or perennial herbs native to Madagascar; widely naturalized in the tropics; formerly included in genus Vinca


pos: n
definition:
tropical Asian tree with hard white wood and bark formerly used as a remedy for dysentery and diarrhea


pos: n
definition:
genus of tropical South American tuberous perennial woody vines with large racemose flowers and milky sap


pos: n
definition:
an ornamental but poisonous flowering shrub having narrow evergreen leaves and clusters of fragrant white to pink or red flowers: native to East Indies but widely cultivated in warm regions


pos: n
definition:
deciduous shrubs and trees of tropical America having branches like candelabra and fragrant white or pink flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of various tropical American deciduous shrubs or trees of the genus Plumeria having milky sap and showy fragrant funnel-shaped variously colored flowers


pos: n
definition:
any shrub or small tree of the genus Rauwolfia having leaves in whorls and cymose flowers; yield substances used medicinally especially as emetics or purgatives or antihypertensives


pos: n
definition:
any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Strophanthus having whorled leaves and showy flowers of various colors in dense and corymbose clusters; some have poisonous seeds


pos: n
definition:
genus of poisonous tropical American evergreen shrubs and trees having entire leaves and large cymose flowers


pos: n
definition:
common European arum with lanceolate spathe and short purple spadix; emerges in early spring; source of a starch called arum


pos: n
definition:
climbing herbs of southeastern Asia having thick fleshy oblong leaves and naked unisexual flowers: Chinese evergreen


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Alocasia having large showy basal leaves and boat-shaped spathe and reddish berries


pos: n
definition:
malodorous tropical plant having a spathe that resembles the corolla of a morning glory and attains a diameter of several feet


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Caladium cultivated for their ornamental foliage variously patterned in white or pink or red


pos: n
definition:
herb of the Pacific islands grown throughout the tropics for its edible root and in temperate areas as an ornamental for its large glossy leaves


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Cryptocoryne; evergreen perennials growing in fresh or brackish water; tropical Asia


pos: n
definition:
evergreen perennial herbs of tropical America with lush foliage and poisonous sap; often cultivated as houseplants


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Dracontium; strongly malodorous tropical American plants usually with gigantic leaves


pos: n
definition:
tropical American vine having roots that hang like cords and cylindrical fruit with a pineapple and banana flavor


pos: n
definition:
perennial herb of the eastern United States having arrowhead-shaped leaves and an elongate pointed spathe and green berries


pos: n
definition:
pantropical floating plant forming a rosette of wedge-shaped leaves; a widespread weed in rivers and lakes


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Spathiphyllum having a white or green spathe and a spike of fragrant flowers and often cultivated as an ornamental


pos: n
definition:
epiphytic or terrestrial climbing shrubs of Central and South America; used as ornamental houseplants for their velvety foliage


pos: n
definition:
any small or minute aquatic plant of the family Lemnaceae that float on or near the surface of shallow ponds


pos: n
definition:
minute aquatic herbs floating on or below the water surface of still water consisting of a leaflike frond or plant body and single root


pos: n
definition:
minute aquatic herbs floating on the water surface consisting of a shiny leaflike frond and 2-21 roots


pos: n
definition:
minute rootless aquatic herbs having globular fronds floating on or near the water surface and bearing one flower per frond


pos: n
definition:
minute rootless aquatic herbs having flat fronds floating on or below the water surface and bearing 1-2 flowers per frond; America and Africa


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Aralia; often aromatic plants having compound leaves and small umbellate flowers


pos: n
definition:
Chinese herb with palmately compound leaves and small greenish flowers and forked aromatic roots believed to have medicinal powers


pos: n
definition:
creeping plant having curving flowers thought to resemble fetuses; native to Europe; naturalized Great Britain and eastern North America


pos: n
definition:
evergreen low-growing perennial having mottled green and silvery-grey heart-shaped pungent leaves; Virginia to South Carolina


pos: n
definition:
a family of flowering plants in Africa and Argentina that are parasitic on the roots of other plants


pos: n
definition:
a group of families of mostly flowers having basal or central placentation and trinucleate pollen (binucleate pollen is commoner in flowering plants); contains 14 families including: Caryophyllaceae (carnations and pinks); Aizoaceae; Amaranthaceae; Batidaceae; Chenopodiaceae; Cactaceae (order Opuntiales); Nyctaginaceae; Phytolaccaceae; corresponds approximately to order Caryophyllales; sometimes classified as a superorder


pos: n
definition:
Eurasian plant with pink to purple-red spice-scented usually double flowers; widely cultivated in many varieties and many colors


pos: n
definition:
mostly perennial herbs of northern hemisphere often with mat-forming habit; most often placed in genus Arenaria: sandworts


pos: n
definition:
low-growing herbs widely distributed in temperate and Arctic northern hemisphere: sandworts; distinguished from members of the genus Arenaria mainly by having four-petaled rather than five-petaled flowers


pos: n
definition:
loosely matted plant with moss-like foliage studded with tiny starry four-petaled white blossoms; mountains of central and southern Europe


pos: n
definition:
any of various low-growing tufted plants of the genus Paronychia having tiny greenish flowers and usually whorled leaves; widespread throughout warm regions of both Old and New Worlds; formerly thought to cure whitlows (suppurative infections around a fingernail)


pos: n
definition:
perennial tussock-forming rock plants; of Pyrenees and mountains of northern Spain; similar to and sometimes placed in genus Lychnis


pos: n
definition:
any of various low-growing plants of the genus Sagina having small spherical flowers resembling pearls


pos: n
definition:
low-growing north temperate herb having small white star-shaped flowers; named for its alleged ability to ease sharp pains in the side


pos: n
definition:
European annual with pale rose-colored flowers; cultivated flower or self-sown grainfield weed; introduced in North America; sometimes classified as a soapwort


pos: n
definition:
succulent herbs or small shrubs mostly of South Africa but also New Zealand and North America: carpetweeds; fig marigolds


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Lithops native to Africa having solitary yellow or white flowers and thick leaves that resemble stones


pos: n
definition:
annual prostrate mat-forming weed having whorled leaves and small greenish-white flowers; widespread throughout North America


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Amaranthus having dense plumes of green or red flowers; often cultivated for food


pos: n
definition:
leaves sometimes used as potherbs; seeds used as cereal; southern United States to Central America; India and China


pos: n
definition:
genus of erect or procumbent herbs of the Americas having spikes of woolly white flowers: cottonweed


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Froelichia found in sandy soils and on rocky slopes in warmer regions of America; grown for their spikes of woolly white flowers


pos: n
definition:
low-growing strong-smelling coastal shrub of warm parts of the New World having unisexual flowers in conelike spikes and thick succulent leaves


pos: n
definition:
a coarse annual herb introduced into North America from Siberia; dangerous to sheep and cattle on western rangelands because of its high oxalate content


pos: n
definition:
fleshy maritime plant having fleshy stems with rudimentary scalelike leaves and small spikes of minute flowers; formerly used in making glass


pos: n
definition:
bushy plant of Old World salt marshes and sea beaches having prickly leaves; burned to produce a crude soda ash


pos: n
definition:
any of several South American ornamental woody vines of the genus Bougainvillea having brilliant red or purple flower bracts; widely grown in warm regions


pos: n
definition:
leafy wildflower having fragrant slender white or pale pink trumpet-shaped flowers; southwestern United States and northern Mexico


pos: n
definition:
wildflower having vibrant deep pink tubular evening-blooming flowers; found in sandy and desert areas from southern California to southern Colorado and into Mexico


pos: n
definition:
any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World and usually having spines


pos: n
definition:
extremely large treelike cactus of desert regions of southwestern United States having a thick columnar sparsely branched trunk bearing white flowers and edible red pulpy fruit


pos: n
definition:
genus of much-branched treelike or shrubby cacti with pronounced ribs and rounded needlelike spines and nocturnal flowers usually white


pos: n
definition:
any cactus of the genus Echinocactus; strongly ribbed and very spiny; southwestern United States to Brazil


pos: n
definition:
any cactus of the genus Epiphyllum having flattened jointed irregularly branching stems and showy tubular flowers


pos: n
definition:
large genus of low-growing globular South American cacti with spiny ribs covered with many tubercles


pos: n
definition:
genus of slender often treelike spiny cacti with solitary showy nocturnal white or pink flowers; Florida and Caribbean to South America


pos: n
definition:
genus of climbing or epiphytic tropical American cacti with angular stems and mostly white very fragrant flowers


pos: n
definition:
tropical American cacti usually tall and branching with stout spines and funnel-shaped flowers and globular or ovoid often edible fruit


pos: n
definition:
two species of small cacti of northeastern Mexico and southwestern United States having rounded stems covered with jointed tubercles: mescal


pos: n
definition:
genus of strongly ribbed globose or spheroid cacti of tropical South and Central America and the Caribbean


pos: n
definition:
arborescent cacti having very spiny cylindrical stem segments; southwestern United States and Mexico


pos: n
definition:
genus of tropical American shrubby trees and woody climbers having slender branches with broad flat leaves and large panicles of flowers


pos: n
definition:
large genus of epiphytic or lithophytic unarmed cacti with usually segmented stems and pendulous branches; flowers are small followed by berrylike fruits


pos: n
definition:
small genus of Brazilian cacti having flat fleshy usually branched joints and showy red or pink flowers followed by red fleshy fruits


pos: n
definition:
chiefly tropical herbaceous plants (including shrubs and trees) with racemose flowers: genera Phytolacca, Agdestis, Ercilla, Rivina, Trichostigma


pos: n
definition:
tall coarse perennial American herb having small white flowers followed by blackish-red berries on long drooping racemes; young fleshy stems are edible; berries and root are poisonous


pos: n
definition:
fast-growing herbaceous evergreen tree of South America having a broad trunk with high water content and dark green oval leaves


pos: n
definition:
a genus with one species that is a rapidly growing climbing vine with tuberous roots; grown in hot climates


pos: n
definition:
bushy houseplant having white to pale pink flowers followed by racemes of scarlet berries; tropical Americas


pos: n
definition:
a plant of the family Portulacaceae having fleshy succulent obovate leaves often grown as a potherb or salad herb; a weed in some areas


pos: n
definition:
weedy trailing mat-forming herb with bright yellow flowers cultivated for its edible mildly acid leaves eaten raw or cooked especially in Indian and Greek and Middle Eastern cuisine; cosmopolitan


pos: n
definition:
large genus of low-growing herbs; widespread throughout tropical and warm temperate regions having usually basal leaves and panicles of purplish ephemeral flowers


pos: n
definition:
succulent carpet-forming plant having small brilliant reddish-pink flowers; southwestern United States


pos: n
definition:
genus of mainly North American succulent herbs with white or pink flowers usually in terminal racemes


pos: n
definition:
genus of western North American low-growing herbs having linear woolly leaves and large pink flowers


pos: n
definition:
showy succulent ground-hugging plant of Rocky Mountains regions having deep to pale pink flowers and fleshy farinaceous roots; the Montana state flower


pos: n
definition:
small genus of densely tufted annual herbs; north temperate regions and South America and tropical Africa and Asia


pos: n
definition:
small genus of usually perennial herbs having deep woody taproots and flower heads of umbels or cymes


pos: n
definition:
plant with fleshy roots and erect stems with narrow succulent leaves and one reddish-orange flower in each upper leaf axil; southwestern United States; Indians once cooked the fleshy roots


pos: n
definition:
a dilleniid dicot family of the order Rhoeadales that includes: genera Capparis, Cleome, Crateva, and Polanisia


pos: n
definition:
widely distributed herbs having palmate leaves and creamy white to or pink to magenta flowers with many stamens of unequal length


pos: n
definition:
a large family of plants with four-petaled flowers; includes mustards, cabbages, broccoli, turnips, cresses, and their many relatives


pos: n
definition:
a genus of the mustard family having white or yellow or purplish flowers; closely related to genus Arabis


pos: n
definition:
plant with an elongated head of broad stalked leaves resembling celery; used as a vegetable in east Asia


pos: n
definition:
any of various herbs of the genus Cardamine, having usually pinnate leaves and racemes of white, pink or purple flowers; cosmopolitan except Antarctic


pos: n
definition:
perennial of southern Europe having clusters of fragrant flowers of all colors especially yellow and orange; often naturalized on old walls or cliffs; sometimes placed in genus Erysimum


pos: n
definition:
includes annual or biennial herbs of America and Europe very similar to and often included among those of genera Sisymbrium or Hugueninia; not recognized in some classification systems


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous low-growing cushion-forming plants of the genus Draba having rosette-forming leaves and terminal racemes of small flowers with scapose or leafy stems; fruit is a dehiscent oblong or linear silique


pos: n
definition:
annual weed of Europe and North America having a rosette of basal leaves and tiny flowers followed by oblong seed capsules


pos: n
definition:
large genus of annual or perennial herbs some grown for their flowers and some for their attractive evergreen leaves; Old World and North America


pos: n
definition:
any of various South African herbs and subshrubs cultivated for long showy racemes of bright blue flowers with white eyes


pos: n
definition:
any of various flowering plants of the genus Iberis cultivated for their showy clusters of white to red or purple flowers; native to Mediterranean region


pos: n
definition:
southeastern European plant cultivated for its fragrant purplish flowers and round flat papery silver-white seedpods that are used for indoor decoration


pos: n
definition:
a dainty South American annual having deeply pinnatifid leaves and racemes of fringed almond-scented purple-white flowers


pos: n
definition:
small aquatic plant having tufted awl-shaped leaves in a basal rosette and minute white flowers; circumboreal


pos: n
definition:
annual herb having pinnatifid basal leaves and slender racemes of small white flowers followed by one-seeded winged silicles


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Argemone having large white or yellow flowers and prickly leaves and stems and pods; chiefly of tropical America


pos: n
definition:
perennial woodland native of North America having a red root and red sap and bearing a solitary lobed leaf and white flower in early spring and having acrid emetic properties; rootstock used as a stimulant and expectorant


pos: n
definition:
erect or climbing herbs of the northern hemisphere and southern Africa: bleeding heart; Dutchman's breeches; fumitory; squirrel corn


pos: n
definition:
delicate European herb with greyish leaves and spikes of purplish flowers; formerly used medicinally


pos: n
definition:
a group of mostly sympetalous herbs and some trees and shrubs mostly with 2 fused carpels; contains 43 families including Campanulales; Solanaceae; Scrophulariaceae; Labiatae; Verbenaceae; Rubiaceae; Compositae; sometimes classified as a superorder


pos: n
definition:
an order of plants of the subclass Asteridae including: Campanulaceae; Lobeliaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Goodeniaceae; Compositae


pos: n
definition:
plants with heads composed of many florets: aster; daisy; dandelion; goldenrod; marigold; lettuces; ragweed; sunflower; thistle; zinnia


pos: n
definition:
considered the most highly evolved dicotyledonous plants, characterized by florets arranged in dense heads that resemble single flowers


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of various genera of the family Compositae having flowers that can be dried without loss of form or color


pos: n
definition:
any of several plants of the genus Achillea native to Europe and having small white flowers in flat-topped flower heads


pos: n
definition:
ubiquitous strong-scented mat-forming Eurasian herb of wasteland, hedgerow or pasture having narrow serrate leaves and small usually white florets; widely naturalized in North America


pos: n
definition:
Eurasian herb having loose heads of button-shaped white flowers and long grey-green leaves that cause sneezing when powdered


pos: n
definition:
genus of herbs and shrubs of Australia and South Africa: everlasting flower; most species usually placed in genus Helipterum


pos: n
definition:
in some classifications considered a separate family comprising a subgroup of the Compositae including the ragweeds


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous chiefly North American weedy plants constituting the genus Ambrosia that produce highly allergenic pollen responsible for much hay fever and asthma


pos: n
definition:
an American everlasting having foliage with soft wooly hairs and corymbose heads with pearly white bracts


pos: n
definition:
small woolly perennial herbs having small whitish discoid flowers surrounded by a ring of club-shaped bristles


pos: n
definition:
burdock having heart-shaped leaves found in open woodland, hedgerows and rough grassland of Europe (except extreme N) and Asia Minor; sometimes cultivated for medicinal and culinary use


pos: n
definition:
perennial subshrub of the Canary Islands having usually pale yellow daisylike flowers; often included in genus Chrysanthemum


pos: n
definition:
low-growing plant found only in volcanic craters on Hawaii having rosettes of narrow pointed silver-green leaves and clusters of profuse red-purple flowers on a tall stem


pos: n
definition:
any of various composite shrubs or herbs of the genus Artemisia having aromatic green or greyish foliage


pos: n
definition:
aromatic herb of temperate Eurasia and North Africa having a bitter taste used in making the liqueur absinthe


pos: n
definition:
early-flowering perennial of southern and southeastern Europe with flower heads resembling those of goldenrod


pos: n
definition:
low spreading tropical American shrub with long slender leaves used to make a mildly stimulating drink resembling tea; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium


pos: n
definition:
shrubs of western hemisphere often having honey-scented flowers followed by silky thistlelike heads of tiny fruits; often used for erosion control


pos: n
definition:
a plant of the genus Balsamorhiza having downy leaves in a basal rosette and yellow flowers and long balsam-scented taproots


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous composite plants having flower heads with well-developed ray flowers usually arranged in a single whorl


pos: n
definition:
any of several plants of the genus Bidens having yellow flowers and prickly fruits that cling to fur and clothing


pos: n
definition:
genus of tall leafy perennial herbs of eastern America and eastern Asia having flowers that resemble asters


pos: n
definition:
genus of herbs of southwestern America having usually creamy florets followed by one-seeded fruits in a prominent bristly sheath


pos: n
definition:
genus of tall smooth herbs of forested mountains of Europe and Asia minor; in some classifications includes many plants usually placed in genus Emilia


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous chiefly annual herbs of the genus Calendula widely cultivated for their yellow or orange flowers; often used for medicinal and culinary purposes


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous plants of the family Compositae and especially of the genera Carduus and Cirsium and Onopordum having prickly-edged leaves


pos: n
definition:
thistlelike Eurasian plant widely grown for its red or orange flower heads and seeds that yield a valuable oil


pos: n
definition:
an annual Eurasian plant cultivated in North America having showy heads of blue or purple or pink or white flowers


pos: n
definition:
Mediterranean annual or biennial herb having pinkish to purple flowers surrounded by spine-tipped scales; naturalized in America


pos: n
definition:
Eurasian plant with apple-scented foliage and white-rayed flowers and feathery leaves used medicinally; in some classification systems placed in genus Anthemis


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous perennial Old World herbs having showy brightly colored flower heads of the genera Chrysanthemum, Argyranthemum, Dendranthema, Tanacetum; widely cultivated


pos: n
definition:
any of various much-branched yellow-flowered shrubs of the genus Chrysothamnus; western North America


pos: n
definition:
perennial Old World herb having rayed flower heads with blue florets cultivated for its root and its heads of crisp edible leaves used in salads


pos: n
definition:
widely cultivated herb with leaves valued as salad green; either curly serrated leaves or broad flat ones that are usually blanched


pos: n
definition:
rhizomatous plant of central and southeastern United States and West Indies having large showy heads of clear blue flowers; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium


pos: n
definition:
common North American weed with linear leaves and small discoid heads of yellowish flowers; widely naturalized throughout temperate regions; sometimes placed in genus Erigeron


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous plants of the genus Coreopsis having a profusion of showy usually yellow daisylike flowers over long periods; North and South America


pos: n
definition:
North American annual widely cultivated for its yellow flowers with purple-red to brownish centers; in some classifications placed in a subgenus Calliopsis


pos: n
definition:
any of various mostly Mexican herbs of the genus Cosmos having radiate heads of variously colored flowers and pinnate leaves; popular fall-blooming annuals


pos: n
definition:
southern European plant having spiny leaves and purple flowers cultivated for its edible leafstalks and roots


pos: n
definition:
any of several plants of or developed from the species Dahlia pinnata having tuberous roots and showy rayed variously colored flower heads; native to the mountains of Mexico and Central America and Colombia


pos: n
definition:
any of several herbs of the genus Doronicum having alternate often clasping stem leaves cultivated for their long stalks of yellow flower heads


pos: n
definition:
any of various perennials of the eastern United States having thick rough leaves and long-stalked showy flowers with drooping rays and a conelike center


pos: n
definition:
fragrant rounded shrub of southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico having brittle stems and small crowded blue-green leaves and yellow flowers; produces a resin used in incense and varnish and in folk medicine


pos: n
definition:
herb having a basal cluster of grey-green leaves and leafless stalks each with a solitary broad yellow flower head; desert areas Idaho to Arizona


pos: n
definition:
common erect hairy perennial of plains and prairies of southern and central United States having flowers that resemble sunflowers


pos: n
definition:
cosmopolitan genus of usually perennial herbs with flowers that resemble asters; leaves occasionally (especially formerly) used medicinally


pos: n
definition:
any of several North American plants of the genus Erigeron having daisylike flowers; formerly believed to repel fleas


pos: n
definition:
perennial herb of southeastern United States having white-rayed flower heads; formerly used as in folk medicine


pos: n
definition:
any plant of western America of the genus Gaillardia having hairy leaves and long-stalked flowers in hot vibrant colors from golden yellow and copper to rich burgundy


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous plants of the genus Gnaphalium having flowers that can be dried without loss of form or color


pos: n
definition:
weedy perennial of north temperate regions having woolly foliage and dirty white flowers in a leafy spike


pos: n
definition:
any of various western American plants of the genus Grindelia having resinous leaves and stems formerly used medicinally; often poisonous to livestock


pos: n
definition:
any of several plants of the genus Gutierrezia having tiny flower heads that resemble the heads of matches


pos: n
definition:
low-growing sticky subshrub of southwestern United States having narrow linear leaves on many slender branches and hundreds of tiny yellow flower heads


pos: n
definition:
annual of southwestern United States having rigid woody branches with sticky foliage and yellow flowers


pos: n
definition:
genus of North and South American perennial herbs or shrubs with yellow flowers; in some classifications include species placed in other genera especially Hazardia


pos: n
definition:
small genus of shrubs and subshrubs of western United States having flowers that change color as they mature


pos: n
definition:
stout perennial herb of western United States having flower heads with drooping orange-yellow rays; causes spewing sickness in sheep


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Helianthus having large flower heads with dark disk florets and showy yellow rays


pos: n
definition:
annual sunflower grown for silage and for its seeds which are a source of oil; common throughout United States and much of North America


pos: n
definition:
large genus of mostly African and Australian herbs and shrubs: everlasting flowers; in some classifications includes genus Ozothamnus


pos: n
definition:
Australian plant naturalized in Spain having flowers of lemon yellow to deep gold; the frequent choice of those who love dried flowers


pos: n
definition:
any North American shrubby perennial herb of the genus Heliopsis having large yellow daisylike flowers


pos: n
definition:
genus of South African and Australian herbs or shrubs grown as everlastings; the various Helipterum species are currently in process of being assigned to other genera especially genera Pteropogon and Hyalosperma


pos: n
definition:
large genus of perennial hairy herbs of Europe to western Asia to northwestern Africa and North America; few are ornamental; often considered congeneric with Pilosella


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous often hairy plants of the genus Hieracium having yellow or orange flowers that resemble the dandelion


pos: n
definition:
small genus of low perennial herbs of montane Europe; in some classifications included in genus Tussilago


pos: n
definition:
European weed widely naturalized in North America having yellow flower heads and leaves resembling a cat's ears


pos: n
definition:
tall coarse Eurasian herb having daisylike yellow flowers with narrow petals whose rhizomatous roots are used medicinally


pos: n
definition:
any of various coarse shrubby plants of the genus Iva with small greenish flowers; common in moist areas (as coastal salt marshes) of eastern and central North America


pos: n
definition:
small genus of herbs of Australia and South America having small solitary white or purple flowers similar to true daisies of genus Bellis


pos: n
definition:
small slender woolly annual with very narrow opposite leaves and branches bearing solitary golden-yellow flower heads; southwestern Oregon to Baja California and Arizona; often cultivated


pos: n
definition:
any of various common wildflowers of the genus Leontodon; of temperate Eurasia to Mediterranean regions


pos: n
definition:
alpine perennial plant native to Europe having leaves covered with whitish down and small flower heads held in stars of glistening whitish bracts


pos: n
definition:
tall leafy-stemmed Eurasian perennial with white flowers; widely naturalized; often placed in genus Chrysanthemum


pos: n
definition:
any of various North American plants of the genus Liatris having racemes or panicles of small discoid flower heads


pos: n
definition:
chiefly Old World strong-smelling weedy herbs; comprises plants sometimes included in other genera: e.g. Tanacetum; Tripleurospermum


pos: n
definition:
herb of northeastern North America having drooping clusters of yellowish-white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Prenanthes


pos: n
definition:
any of various mostly Australian attractively shaped shrubs of the genus Olearia grown for their handsome and sometimes fragrant evergreen foliage and profusion of daisy flowers with white or purple or blue rays


pos: n
definition:
a South African plant of the genus Othonna having smooth often fleshy leaves and heads of yellow flowers


pos: n
definition:
genus of American of east Asian perennial herbs with yellow to orange or red flower rays; sometimes included in genus Senecio


pos: n
definition:
much-branched subshrub with silvery leaves and small white flowers of Texas and northern Mexico; cultivated as a source of rubber


pos: n
definition:
herb of Canary Islands widely cultivated for its blue or purple or red or variegated daisylike flowers


pos: n
definition:
genus of weedy Old World yellow-flowered herbs usually containing a bitter-tasting substance: bitterweed


pos: n
definition:
widespread European weed with spiny tongue-shaped leaves and yellow flowers; naturalized in United States


pos: n
definition:
genus of hairy perennial herbs with horizontal rhizomes and leafy or underground stolons; Eurasia and North Africa; often considered congeneric with Hieracium


pos: n
definition:
small genus of tropical American perennial herbs or subshrubs with white to pale yellow flowers; often included in genus Stevia


pos: n
definition:
genus of North American and Asiatic perennial herbs having pinnatisect leaves small heads of drooping yellowish to purple flowers; sometimes includes species often placed in genus Nabalus


pos: n
definition:
used in former classifications for plants later placed in genus Chrysanthemum and now often included in genus Tanacetum


pos: n
definition:
genus of low-growing mat-forming New Zealand plants; in some classifications includes species placed in genus Haastia


pos: n
definition:
genus of perennial wildflowers of North American plains and prairies; often cultivated for their showy flower heads


pos: n
definition:
Australian annual everlasting having light pink nodding flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Helipterum


pos: n
definition:
any of various plants of the genus Rudbeckia cultivated for their large usually yellow daisies with prominent central cones


pos: n
definition:
annual herb of the eastern Himalayas (Kashmir) having purple florets and a fragrant root that yields a volatile oil used in perfumery and for preserving furs


pos: n
definition:
enormous and diverse cosmopolitan genus of trees and shrubs and vines and herbs including many weeds


pos: n
definition:
widespread European weed having yellow daisylike flowers; sometimes an obnoxious weed and toxic to cattle if consumed in quantity


pos: n
definition:
perennial south European herb having narrow entire leaves and solitary yellow flower heads and long black edible roots shaped like carrots


pos: n
definition:
woody plants grown chiefly for their silver or grey and often aromatic foliage; formerly included in the genus Artemisia


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous chiefly summer-blooming and fall-blooming North American plants especially of the genus Solidago


pos: n
definition:
any plant of the genus Stevia or the closely related genus Piqueria having glutinous foliage and white or purplish flowers; Central and South America


pos: n
definition:
any of various tropical American plants of the genus Tagetes widely cultivated for their showy yellow or orange flowers


pos: n
definition:
a large genus of plants resembling chrysanthemums; comprises some plants often included in other genera especially genus Chrysanthemum


pos: n
definition:
tansy-scented Eurasian perennial herb with buttonlike yellow flowers; used as potherb or salad green and sometimes for potpourri or tea or flavoring; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum


pos: n
definition:
spring-flowering garden perennial of Asiatic origin having finely divided aromatic leaves and white to pink-purple flowers; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum


