# las_synset

pos: n
definition:
an instrument that uses the differential transmission and reflection of ultrasonic waves in order to provide an image of a bodily organ


pos: n
definition:
an approximately triangular surface area between two adjacent arches and the horizontal plane above them


pos: n
definition:
electrical device that fits into the cylinder head of an internal-combustion engine and ignites the gas by means of an electric spark


pos: n
definition:
a telephone with a microphone and loudspeaker; can be used without picking up a handset; several people can participate in a call at the same time


pos: n
definition:
optical instrument consisting of a frame that holds a pair of lenses for correcting defective vision


pos: n
definition:
one of a number of large stone statues with the body of a lion and the head of a man that were built by the ancient Egyptians


pos: n
definition:
each of the sharp points on the soles of athletic shoes to prevent slipping (or the shoes themselves)


pos: n
definition:
the part of a book's cover that encloses the inner side of the book's pages and that faces outward when the book is shelved


pos: n
definition:
a large and usually triangular headsail; carried by a yacht as a headsail when running before the wind


pos: n
definition:
board game equipment that consists of a dial and an arrow that is spun to determine the next move in the game


pos: n
definition:
ornament consisting of a curve on a plane that winds around a center with an increasing distance from the center


pos: n
definition:
a protective covering over or beside a wheel to protect the upper part of a vehicle from splashes of mud


pos: n
definition:
a hinged airfoil on the upper surface of an aircraft wing that is raised to reduce lift and increase drag


pos: n
definition:
a small plane that has a handle on each side of its blade; used for shaping or smoothing cylindrical wooden surfaces (originally wheel spokes)


pos: n
definition:
a piece of cutlery with a shallow bowl-shaped container and a handle; used to stir or serve or take up food


pos: n
definition:
a fur or leather pouch worn at the front of the kilt as part of the traditional dress of Scottish Highlanders


pos: n
definition:
a lamp that produces a strong beam of light to illuminate a restricted area; used to focus attention of a stage performer


pos: n
definition:
a chock or bar wedged under a wheel or between the spokes to prevent a vehicle from rolling down an incline


pos: n
definition:
any artifact having a shape similar to a plane geometric figure with four equal sides and four right angles


pos: n
definition:
T-shaped cleaning implement with a rubber edge across the top; drawn across a surface to remove water (as in washing windows)


pos: n
definition:
firework consisting of a tube filled with powder (as a broken firecracker) that burns with a fizzing noise


pos: n
definition:
storage space in a library consisting of an extensive arrangement of bookshelves where most of the books are stored


pos: n
definition:
representation consisting of the scenery and other properties used to identify the location of a dramatic production


pos: n
definition:
tiered seats consisting of a structure (often made of wood) where people can sit to watch an event (game or parade)


pos: n
definition:
mechanical device consisting of the stationary part of a motor or generator in or around which the rotor revolves


pos: n
definition:
a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top


pos: n
definition:
a sheet of material (metal, plastic, cardboard, waxed paper, silk, etc.) that has been perforated with a pattern (printing or a design); ink or paint can pass through the perforations to create the printed pattern on the surface below


pos: n
definition:
a slender tube inserted inside a tubular body part (as a blood vessel) to provide support during and after surgical anastomosis


pos: n
definition:
reproducer in which two microphones feed two or more loudspeakers to give a three-dimensional effect to the sound


pos: n
definition:
two photographs taken from slightly different angles that appear three-dimensional when viewed together


pos: n
definition:
a long implement (usually made of wood) that is shaped so that hockey or polo players can hit a puck or ball


pos: n
definition:
an apparatus used for the distillation of liquids; consists of a vessel in which a substance is vaporized by heat and a condenser where the vapor is condensed


pos: n
definition:
a pantry or storeroom connected with the kitchen (especially in a large house) for preparing tea and beverages and for storing liquors and preserves and tea etc


pos: n
definition:
a portable low altitude surface-to-air missile system using infrared guidance and an impact fuse; fired from the shoulder


pos: n
definition:
the handle of a handgun or the butt end of a rifle or shotgun or part of the support of a machine gun or artillery gun


pos: n
definition:
a former instrument of punishment consisting of a heavy timber frame with holes in which the feet (and sometimes the hands) of an offender could be locked


pos: n
definition:
garment consisting of a V-shaped panel of stiff material worn over the chest and stomach in the 16th century


pos: n
definition:
(bridge) a playing card with a value sufficiently high to insure taking a trick in a particular suit


pos: n
definition:
hand tool consisting of a flat rigid rectangular bar (metal or wood) that can be used to draw straight lines (or test their straightness)


pos: n
definition:
a garment similar to a jacket that is used to bind the arms tightly against the body as a means of restraining a violent person


pos: n
definition:
line consisting of a complex of fibers or filaments that are twisted together to form a thread or a rope or a cable


pos: n
definition:
an elongated leather strip (or a strip of similar material) for binding things together or holding something in position


pos: n
definition:
hanger consisting of a loop of leather suspended from the ceiling of a bus or train; passengers hold onto it


pos: n
definition:
the part of a thoroughfare between the sidewalks; the part of the thoroughfare on which vehicles travel


pos: n
definition:
a litter for transporting people who are ill or wounded or dead; usually consists of a sheet of canvas stretched between two poles


pos: n
definition:
scientific instrument that provides a flashing light synchronized with the periodic movement of an object; can make moving object appear stationary


pos: n
definition:
workplace consisting of a room or building where movies or television shows or radio programs are produced and recorded


pos: n
definition:
something (a person or object or scene) selected by an artist or photographer for graphic representation


pos: n
definition:
a muscle relaxant for striated muscle that is used as an adjunct to anesthesia during certain surgical procedures


pos: n
definition:
medicine consisting of a tablet (trade name Carafate) used to treat peptic ulcers; said to bind to the ulcer site and coat it


pos: n
definition:
a set of garments (usually including a jacket and trousers or skirt) for outerwear all of the same fabric and color


pos: n
definition:
antibacterial consisting of any of several synthetic organic compounds capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria that require PABA


pos: n
definition:
a sulfonamide (trade name Gantanol) used to treat infections (especially infections of the urinary tract)


pos: n
definition:
antidiabetic consisting of any of several drugs that reduce the level of glucose in the blood; used to treat diabetes mellitus


pos: n
definition:
timepiece that indicates the daylight hours by the shadow that the gnomon casts on a calibrated dial


pos: n
definition:
a light loose sleeveless summer dress with a wide neckline and thin shoulder straps that expose the arms and shoulders


pos: n
definition:
a cream spread on the skin; contains a chemical (as PABA) to filter out ultraviolet light and so protect from sunburn


pos: n
definition:
an extensive electronic network (such as the internet) used for the rapid transfer of sound and video and graphics in digital form


pos: n
definition:
a mechanical system of springs or shock absorbers connecting the wheels and axles to the chassis of a wheeled vehicle


pos: n
definition:
a bandage of elastic fabric applied to uplift a dependant part (as the scrotum or a pendulous breast)


pos: n
definition:
implement consisting of a small piece of cotton that is used to apply medication or cleanse a wound or obtain a specimen of a secretion


pos: n
definition:
factory where workers do piecework for poor pay and are prevented from forming unions; common in the clothing industry


pos: n
definition:
control consisting of a mechanical or electrical or electronic device for making or breaking or changing the connections in a circuit


pos: n
definition:
railroad track having two movable rails and necessary connections; used to turn a train from one track to another or to store rolling stock


pos: n
definition:
cyclotron that achieves relativistic velocities by modulating the frequency of the accelerating electric field


pos: n
definition:
a device used in photography to synchronize the peak of a flash with the opening of the camera shutter


pos: n
definition:
an automotive system for shifting gears in which the gears revolve at the same speed and so shift smoothly


pos: n
definition:
electrical converter consisting of a synchronous machine that converts alternating to direct current or vice versa


pos: n
definition:
an instrument that indicates whether two periodic motions are synchronous (especially an instrument that enables a pilot to synchronize the propellers of a plane that has two or more engines)


pos: n
definition:
(music) an electronic instrument (usually played with a keyboard) that generates and modifies sounds electronically and can imitate a variety of other musical instruments


pos: n
definition:
a genre of French painting characterized by bright flat shapes and symbolic treatments of abstract ideas


pos: n
definition:
instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity


pos: n
definition:
a short strip of material attached to or projecting from something in order to facilitate opening or identifying or handling it


pos: n
definition:
a short sleeveless outer tunic emblazoned with a coat of arms; worn by a knight over his armor or by a herald


pos: n
definition:
a piece of furniture having a smooth flat top that is usually supported by one or more vertical legs


pos: n
definition:
a tachometer that produces a graphical record of its readings; used to record the speed and duration of trips in a motor vehicle


pos: n
definition:
(usually plural) the reverse side of a coin that does not bear the representation of a person's head


pos: n
definition:
support consisting of the movable part of a lathe that slides along the bed in alignment with the headstock and is locked into position to support the free end of the workpiece


pos: n
definition:
plain-woven (often glazed) fabric of wool or wool and cotton used especially formerly for linings and garments and curtains


pos: n
definition:
plug of cotton or other absorbent material; inserted into wound or body cavity to absorb exuded fluids (especially blood)


pos: n
definition:
a Chinese puzzle consisting of a square divided into seven pieces that must be arranged to match particular designs


pos: n
definition:
measuring instrument consisting of a narrow strip (cloth or metal) marked in inches or centimeters and used for measuring lengths


pos: n
definition:
(chemical analysis) a counterweight used in chemical analysis; consists of an empty container that counterbalances the weight of the container holding chemicals


pos: n
definition:
any of a set of (usually 72) cards that include 22 cards representing virtues and vices and death and fortune etc.; used by fortunetellers


pos: n
definition:
needlework consisting of handmade lace made by looping and knotting a single thread on a small shuttle


pos: n
definition:
any scientific instrument for observing events at a distance and transmitting the information back to the observer


pos: n
definition:
electronic equipment that converts sound into electrical signals that can be transmitted over distances and then converts received signals back into sounds


pos: n
definition:
a telecommunication system that transmits images of objects (stationary or moving) between distant points


pos: n
definition:
television equipment consisting of a lens system that focuses an image on a photosensitive mosaic that is scanned by an electron beam


pos: n
definition:
a transportation system in which cars (telphers) are suspended from cables and operated on electricity


pos: n
definition:
a frequently prescribed benzodiazepine (trade name Restoril); takes effect slowly and lasts long enough to help those people who wake up frequently during the night


pos: n
definition:
a projection at the end of a piece of wood that is shaped to fit into a mortise and form a mortise joint


pos: n
definition:
trade name for an antihypertensive drug consisting of a fixed combination of atenolol and a diuretic


pos: n
definition:
a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs)


pos: n
definition:
electronic equipment consisting of a device providing access to a computer; has a keyboard and display


pos: n
definition:
(architecture) a statue or a human bust or an animal carved out of the top of a square pillar; originally used as a boundary marker in ancient Rome


pos: n
definition:
a pile fabric (usually cotton) with uncut loops on both sides; used to make bath towels and bath robes


pos: n
definition:
a movable protective covering that provided protection from above; used by Roman troops when approaching the walls of a besieged fortification


pos: n
definition:
an antibiotic (trade name Achromycin) derived from microorganisms of the genus Streptomyces and used broadly to treat infections


pos: n
definition:
a sedative and hypnotic drug; withdrawn from sale after discovered to cause severe birth defects because it inhibits angiogenesis


pos: n
definition:
a surveying instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles, consisting of a small telescope mounted on a tripod


pos: n
definition:
a colorless crystalline alkaloid derived from tea leaves or made synthetically; used in medicine as a bronchial dilator


pos: n
definition:
an electronic musical instrument; melodies can be played by moving the right hand between two rods that serve as antennas to control pitch; the left hand controls phrasing


pos: n
definition:
a semiconductor device made of materials whose resistance varies as a function of temperature; can be used to compensate for temperature variation in other components of a circuit


pos: n
definition:
a kind of thermometer consisting of two wires of different metals that are joined at both ends; one junction is at the temperature to be measured and the other is held at a fixed lower temperature; the current generated in the circuit is proportional to the temperature difference


pos: n
definition:
medical instrument that uses an infrared camera to reveal temperature variations on the surface of the body


pos: n
definition:
a kind of thermometer for measuring heat radiation; consists of several thermocouple junctions in series


pos: n
definition:
any of a group of drugs commonly used as diuretics in the treatment of hypertension; they block the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys


pos: n
definition:
one of two shafts extending from the body of a cart or carriage on either side of the animal that pulls it


pos: n
definition:
barbiturate that is a hygroscopic powder (trade name Pentothal) that is a strong barbiturate that acts rapidly; induces a relaxed state when injected as a general anesthetic


pos: n
definition:
output relative to input; the amount passing through a system from input to output (especially of a computer program over a period of time)


pos: n
definition:
bedclothes consisting of a lightweight cloth covering (an afghan or bedspread) that is casually thrown over something


pos: n
definition:
skintight knit hose covering the body from the waist to the feet worn by acrobats and dancers and as stockings by women and girls


pos: n
definition:
game equipment consisting of a flat thin piece marked with characters and used in board games like Mah-Jong, Scrabble, etc.


pos: n
definition:
a tincture consisting of a solution of iodine in ethyl alcohol; applied topically to wounds as an antiseptic


pos: n
definition:
a thin sheet of metal (iron or steel) coated with tin to prevent rusting; used especially for cans, pots, and tins


pos: n
definition:
a thrombolytic agent (trade name Activase) that causes fibrinolysis at the site of a blood clot; used in treating acute myocardial infarction


pos: n
definition:
explosive consisting of a yellow crystalline compound that is a flammable toxic derivative of toluene


pos: n
definition:
antiarrhythmic drug (trade name Tonocard) used to treat ventricular arrhythmias when less dangerous drugs have failed


pos: n
definition:
a fastener consisting of a peg or pin or crosspiece that is inserted into an eye at the end of a rope or a chain or a cable in order to fasten it to something (as another rope or chain or cable)


pos: n
definition:
a doughnut-shaped chamber used in fusion research; a plasma is heated and confined in a magnetic bottle


pos: n
definition:
sulfonylurea; an oral antidiabetic drug (trade name Orinase) used in the treatment of adult-onset diabetes mellitus


pos: n
definition:
enameled or lacquered metalware (usually gilded and elaborately painted); popular in the 18th century


pos: n
definition:
X-ray machine in which a computer builds a detailed image of a particular plane through an object from multiple X-ray measurements


pos: n
definition:
any of various devices for taking hold of objects; usually have two hinged legs with handles above and pointed hooks below


pos: n
definition:
measuring instrument for measuring tension or pressure (especially for measuring intraocular pressure in testing for glaucoma)


pos: n
definition:
a sail (or either of a pair of sails) immediately above the lowermost sail of a mast and supported by a topmast


pos: n
definition:
armament consisting of a long cylindrical self-propelled underwater projectile that detonates on contact with a target


pos: n
definition:
a small explosive device that is placed on a railroad track and fires when a train runs over it; the sound of the explosion warns the engineer of danger ahead


pos: n
definition:
a small firework that consists of a percussion cap and some gravel wrapped in paper; explodes when thrown forcefully against a hard surface


pos: n
definition:
an explosive device that is set off in an oil well (or a gas well) to start or to increase the flow of oil (or gas)


pos: n
definition:
emblem consisting of an object such as an animal or plant; serves as the symbol of a family or clan (especially among American Indians)


pos: n
definition:
a computer display that enables the user to interact with the computer by touching areas on the screen


pos: n
definition:
(Genesis 11:1-11) a tower built by Noah's descendants (probably in Babylon) who intended it to reach up to heaven; God foiled them by confusing their language so they could no longer understand one another


pos: n
definition:
(radiology) any radioactive isotope introduced into the body to study metabolism or other biological processes


pos: n
definition:
a drawing created by superimposing a semitransparent sheet of paper on the original image and copying on it the lines of the original image


pos: n
definition:
a bar or pair of parallel bars of rolled steel making the railway along which railroad cars or other vehicles can roll


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) one of the circular magnetic paths on a magnetic disk that serve as a guide for writing and reading data


pos: n
definition:
an electronic device consisting of a rotatable ball in a housing; used to position the cursor and move images on a computer screen


pos: n
definition:
a lightweight motorcycle equipped with rugged tires and suspension; an off-road motorcycle designed for riding cross country or over unpaved ground


pos: n
definition:
a fishing net with three layers; the outer two are coarse mesh and the loose inner layer is fine mesh


pos: n
definition:
gymnastic apparatus consisting of a strong canvas sheet attached with springs to a metal frame; used for tumbling


pos: n
definition:
a conveyance that transports passengers or freight in carriers suspended from cables and supported by a series of towers


pos: n
definition:
an ACE inhibiting drug (trade name Mavik) used in some patients after a heart attack or to treat hypertension


pos: n
definition:
drain consisting of a U-shaped section of drainpipe that holds liquid and so prevents a return flow of sewer gas


pos: n
definition:
a long fishing line with many shorter lines and hooks attached to it (usually suspended between buoys)


pos: n
definition:
an exercise device consisting of an endless belt on which a person can walk or jog without changing place


pos: n
definition:
a wooden peg that is used to fasten timbers in shipbuilding; water causes the peg to swell and hold the timbers fast


pos: n
definition:
a supporting structure composed of a system of connected trestles; for a bridge or pier or scaffold e.g.


pos: n
definition:
a form of benzodiazepine (trade name Halcion) frequently prescribed as a sleeping pill; usually given to people who have trouble falling asleep


pos: n
definition:
an antidepressant drug that acts by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin and thus making more of those substances available to act on receptors in the brain


pos: n
definition:
tricyclic antidepressant drug (trade name Surmontil) used to treat depression and anxiety and (sometimes) insomnia


pos: n
definition:
joist that receives the end of a header in floor or roof framing in order to leave an opening for a staircase or chimney etc.


pos: n
definition:
a thermionic vacuum tube having three electrodes; fluctuations of the charge on the grid control the flow from cathode to anode which makes amplification possible


pos: n
definition:
art consisting of a painting or carving (especially an altarpiece) on three panels (usually hinged together)


pos: n
definition:
a figure consisting of three stylized human arms or legs (or three bent lines) radiating from a center


pos: n
definition:
(usually in the plural) a garment extending from the waist to the knee or ankle, covering each leg separately


pos: n
definition:
a small hand tool with a handle and flat metal blade; used for scooping or spreading plaster or similar materials


pos: n
definition:
(card games) the suit that has been declared to rank above all other suits for the duration of the hand


pos: n
definition:
a framework of beams (rafters, posts, struts) forming a rigid structure that supports a roof or bridge or other structure


pos: n
definition:
conduit consisting of a long hollow object (usually cylindrical) used to hold and conduct objects or liquids or gases


pos: n
definition:
electronic device consisting of a system of electrodes arranged in an evacuated glass or metal envelope


pos: n
definition:
palace and royal residence built for Catherine de Medicis in 1564 and burned down in 1871; all that remains today are the formal gardens


pos: n
definition:
a movable obstruction in a lock that must be adjusted to a given position (as by a key) before the bolt can be thrown


pos: n
definition:
a farm dumpcart for carrying dung; carts of this type were used to carry prisoners to the guillotine during the French Revolution


pos: n
definition:
rotary engine in which the kinetic energy of a moving fluid is converted into mechanical energy by causing a bladed rotor to rotate


pos: n
definition:
generator consisting of a steam turbine coupled to an electric generator for the production of electric power


pos: n
definition:
an oblong metal coupling with a swivel at one end and an internal thread at the other into which a threaded rod can be screwed in order to form a unit that can be adjusted for length or tension


pos: n
definition:
a gate consisting of a post that acts as a pivot for rotating arms; set in a passageway for controlling the persons entering


pos: n
definition:
a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper


pos: n
definition:
a high speed centrifuge used to determine the relative molecular masses of large molecules in high polymers and proteins


pos: n
definition:
light microscope that uses scattered light to show particles too small to see with ordinary microscopes


pos: n
definition:
seal consisting of a coating of a tar or rubberlike material on the underside of a motor vehicle to retard corrosion


pos: n
definition:
an undergarment that covers the body from the waist no further than to the thighs; usually worn next to the skin


pos: n
definition:
a device on a national flag emblematic of the union of two or more sovereignties (typically in the upper inner corner)


pos: n
definition:
a defense laboratory of the Criminal Investigation Command; the United States Army's primary forensic laboratory in support of criminal intelligence


pos: n
definition:
establishment where a seat of higher learning is housed, including administrative and living quarters as well as facilities for research and teaching


pos: n
definition:
piece of leather or synthetic material that forms the part of a shoe or boot above the sole that encases the foot


pos: n
definition:
a tool used to thicken or spread metal (the end of a bar or a rivet etc.) by forging or hammering or swaging


pos: n
definition:
a facility composed of one or more pieces of equipment connected to or part of a structure and designed to provide a service such as heat or electricity or water or sewage disposal


pos: n
definition:
immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies


pos: n
definition:
a Cox-2 inhibitor (trade name Bextra) that relieves pain and inflammation without harming the digestive tract


pos: n
definition:
device in a brass wind instrument for varying the length of the air column to alter the pitch of a tone


pos: n
definition:
any agent that causes a narrowing of an opening of a blood vessel: cold or stress or nicotine or epinephrine or norepinephrine or angiotensin or vasopressin or certain drugs; maintains or increases blood pressure


pos: n
definition:
any agent that produces vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure (usually understood as increased arterial pressure)


pos: n
definition:
a drug (trade names Calan and Isoptin) used as an oral or parenteral calcium blocker in cases of hypertension or congestive heart failure or angina or migraine


pos: n
definition:
a green patina that forms on copper or brass or bronze that has been exposed to the air or water for long periods of time


pos: n
definition:
a small movable scale that slides along a main scale; the small scale is calibrated to indicate fractional divisions of the main scale


pos: n
definition:
bridge consisting of a series of arches supported by piers used to carry a road (or railroad) over a valley


pos: n
definition:
a percussion instrument similar to a xylophone but having metal bars and rotating disks in the resonators that produce a vibrato sound


pos: n
definition:
a digital recording (as of a movie) on an optical disk that can be played on a computer or a television set


pos: n
definition:
a recording of both the visual and audible components (especially one containing a recording of a movie or television program)


pos: n
definition:
country house in ancient Rome consisting of residential quarters and farm buildings around a courtyard


pos: n
definition:
periwinkle plant derivative used as an antineoplastic drug (trade name Velban) that disrupts cell division


pos: n
definition:
periwinkle plant derivative used as an antineoplastic drug (trade name Oncovin); used to treat cancer of the lymphatic system


pos: n
definition:
bowed stringed instrument that is the highest member of the violin family; this instrument has four strings and a hollow body and an unfretted fingerboard and is played with a bow


pos: n
definition:
a basic polypeptide antibiotic (trade name Viocin) administered intramuscularly (along with other drugs) in the treatment of tuberculosis


pos: n
definition:
an indoor enclosure for keeping and raising living animals and plants and observing them under natural conditions


pos: n
definition:
battery consisting of voltaic cells arranged in series; the earliest electric battery devised by Volta


pos: n
definition:
panel forming the lower part of an interior wall when it is finished differently from the rest of the wall


pos: n
definition:
a buoyant board (resembling a surfboard) that is used to ride over water while being pulled behind a motorboat


pos: n
definition:
a light enclosing framework (trade name Zimmer) with rubber castors or wheels and handles; helps invalids or the handicapped or the aged to walk


pos: n
definition:
an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure


pos: n
definition:
a wide flat board used to cover walls or partitions; made from plaster or wood pulp or other materials and used primarily to form the interior walls of houses


pos: n
definition:
receptacle providing a place in a wiring system where current can be taken to run electrical devices


pos: n
definition:
small cylindrical beads made from polished shells and fashioned into strings or belts; used by certain Native American peoples as jewelry or currency


pos: n
definition:
block forming a division of a hospital (or a suite of rooms) shared by patients who need a similar kind of care


pos: n
definition:
a tall piece of furniture that provides storage space for clothes; has a door and rails or hooks for hanging clothes


pos: n
definition:
the front part of a guided missile or rocket or torpedo that carries the nuclear or explosive charge or the chemical or biological agents


pos: n
definition:
a work of art (composition or drama) that is part of the standard repertory but has become hackneyed from much repetition


pos: n
definition:
a bathroom sink that is permanently installed and connected to a water supply and drainpipe; where you can wash your hands and face


pos: n
definition:
protective covering consisting of a broad plank along a gunwale to keep water from splashing over the side


pos: n
definition:
furniture consisting of a table or stand to hold a basin and pitcher of water for washing: `wash-hand stand' is a British term


pos: n
definition:
a hose (carried on a truck) that fires water under high pressure to disperse crowds (especially crowds of rioters)


pos: n
definition:
a channel through which water is discharged (especially one used for drainage from the gutters of a roof)


pos: n
definition:
a telephone line;long distance service at fixed rates for fixed zones; an acronym for wide area telephone service


pos: n
definition:
structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired


pos: n
definition:
a weapon that kills or injures civilian as well as military personnel (nuclear and chemical and biological weapons)


pos: n
definition:
mechanical device attached to an elevated structure; rotates freely to show the direction of the wind


pos: n
definition:
something solid that is usable as an inclined plane (shaped like a V) that can be pushed between two things to separate them


pos: n
definition:
a type of pottery made by Josiah Wedgwood and his successors; typically has a classical decoration in white on a blue background


pos: n
definition:
sports equipment used in calisthenic exercises and weightlifting; it is not attached to anything and is raised and lowered by use of the hands and arms


pos: n
definition:
an enclosed compartment in a ship or plane for holding something as e.g. fish or a plane's landing gear or for protecting something as e.g. a ship's pumps


pos: n
definition:
a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)


pos: n
definition:
a movable chair mounted on large wheels; for invalids or those who cannot walk; frequently propelled by the occupant


pos: n
definition:
light rowboat for use in racing or for transporting goods and passengers in inland waters and harbors


pos: n
definition:
a crossbar that is attached to the traces of a draft horse and to the vehicle or implement that the horse is pulling


pos: n
definition:
acoustic device that forces air or steam against an edge or into a cavity and so produces a loud shrill sound


pos: n
definition:
a loosely woven cord (in a candle or oil lamp) that draws fuel by capillary action up into the flame


pos: n
definition:
cricket equipment consisting of a set of three stumps topped by crosspieces; used in playing cricket


pos: n
definition:
a lodge consisting of a frame covered with matting or brush; used by nomadic American Indians in the southwestern United States


pos: n
definition:
chinaware decorated with a blue Chinese design on a white background depicting a willow tree and often a river


pos: n
definition:
a carpet woven on a Jacquard loom with loops like a Brussels carpet but having the loops cut to form a close velvety pile


pos: n
definition:
a musical instrument in which the sound is produced by an enclosed column of air that is moved by the breath


pos: n
definition:
a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air


pos: n
definition:
a transparent opening in a vehicle that allow vision out of the sides or back; usually is capable of being opened


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a rectangular part of a computer screen that contains a display different from the rest of the screen


pos: n
definition:
blind consisting of a leather eyepatch sewn to the side of the halter that prevents a horse from seeing something on either side


pos: n
definition:
contact consisting of a conducting arm that rotates over a series of fixed contacts and comes to rest on an outlet


pos: n
definition:
a local area network that uses high frequency radio signals to transmit and receive data over distances of a few hundred feet; uses ethernet protocol


pos: n
definition:
a desktop digital computer that is conventionally considered to be more powerful than a microcomputer


pos: n
definition:
twin skyscrapers 110 stories high in New York City; built 1368 feet tall in 1970 to 1973; destroyed by a terrorist attack on September 11, 2001


pos: n
definition:
computer network consisting of a collection of internet sites that offer text and graphics and sound and animation resources through the hypertext transfer protocol


pos: n
definition:
a duplicator (trade mark Xerox) that copies graphic matter by the action of light on an electrically charged photoconductive insulating surface in which the latent image is developed with a resinous powder


pos: n
definition:
an area having a network of railway tracks and sidings for storage and maintenance of cars and engines


pos: n
definition:
a winch (or system of winches) powered by an engine and used to haul logs from a stump to a landing or to a skid road


pos: n
definition:
support consisting of a wooden frame across the shoulders that enables a person to carry buckets hanging from each end


pos: n
definition:
a circular domed dwelling that is portable and self-supporting; originally used by nomadic Mongol and Turkic people of central Asia but now used as inexpensive alternative or temporary housing


pos: n
definition:
one of a pair of small metallic cymbals worn on the thumb and middle finger; used in belly dancing in rhythm with the dance


pos: n
definition:
a musical stringed instrument with strings stretched over a flat sounding board; it is laid flat and played with a plectrum and with fingers


pos: n
definition:
the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual


pos: n
definition:
the attribution to yourself (consciously or unconsciously) of the characteristics of another person (or group of persons)


pos: n
definition:
the inherent complex of attributes that determines a persons moral and ethical actions and reactions


pos: n
definition:
a concern with or responsiveness to outward things (especially material objects as opposed to ideal concepts)


pos: n
definition:
the complex of emotional and intellectual attributes that determine a person's characteristic actions and reactions


pos: n
definition:
(obsolete) a combination of elements (of dryness and warmth or of the four humors) that was once believed to determine a person's health and temperament


pos: n
definition:
a lack of permissiveness or indulgence and a tendency to confine behavior within certain specified limits


pos: n
definition:
the commitment of something other than money (time, energy, or effort) to a project with the expectation of some worthwhile result


pos: n
definition:
characterized by an attitude of ready accessibility (especially about one's actions or purposes); without concealment; not secretive


pos: n
definition:
trustworthiness with money as based on a person's credit history; a general qualification for borrowing


pos: n
definition:
a form of trustworthiness; the trait of being answerable to someone for something or being responsible for one's conduct


pos: n
definition:
a form of untrustworthiness; the trait of lacking a sense of responsibility and not feeling accountable for your actions


pos: n
definition:
conscientiousness in paying proper attention to a task; giving the degree of care required in a given situation


pos: n
definition:
the appearance of objects (or light sources) described in terms of a person's perception of their hue and lightness (or brightness) and saturation


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) the particular appearance of a body's state of illumination (especially one of the recurring shapes of the part of Earth's moon that is illuminated by the sun)


pos: n
definition:
an eyelike marking (as on the wings of some butterflies); usually a spot of color inside a ring of another color


pos: n
definition:
an attribute that tends to give stability in character and morals; something that steadies the mind or feelings


pos: n
definition:
elaborate and extensive ornamentation in decorative art and architecture that flourished in Europe in the 17th century


pos: n
definition:
(architecture) one of original three styles of Greek architecture distinguished by the type of column and entablature used or a style developed from the original three by the Romans


pos: n
definition:
fanciful but graceful asymmetric ornamentation in art and architecture that originated in France in the 18th century


pos: n
definition:
the quality of being divisible; the capacity to be divided into parts or divided among a number of persons


pos: n
definition:
the quality of being insurable; the conditions under which an insurance company will issue insurance to an applicant (based on standards set by the insurance company)


pos: n
definition:
the quality of being uninsurable; the conditions under which an insurance company will refuse to issue insurance to an applicant (based on standards set by the insurance company)


pos: n
definition:
the capacity of a viscous liquid (especially the cervical mucus) to be drawn out into a strand or blown up into a bubble


pos: n
definition:
(anthropology) the distinctive expression of the cognitive or intellectual character of a culture or a social group


pos: n
definition:
(geometry) the interchangeability of the roles of points and planes in the theorems of projective geometry


pos: n
definition:
the quality of being exchangeable (especially the ability to convert a currency into gold or other currencies without restriction)


pos: n
definition:
the nature of a quantity or property or function that remains unchanged when a given transformation is applied to it


pos: n
definition:
the quality of a physical system that persists in its existing equilibrium when undisturbed (or only slightly disturbed) but able to pass to a more stable equilibrium when sufficiently disturbed


pos: n
definition:
the quality of being not alike; being distinct or different from that otherwise experienced or known


pos: n
definition:
the quality of being a conclusion or opinion based on supposition and conjecture rather than on fact or investigation


pos: n
definition:
the twinkling of the stars caused when changes in the density of the earth's atmosphere produce uneven refraction of starlight


pos: n
definition:
an attribute of stochastic systems; generally, a system that tends in probability to a limiting form that is independent of the initial conditions


pos: n
definition:
(of a sailing vessel) the quality of being able to sail close to the wind with little drift to the leeward (even in a stiff wind)


pos: n
definition:
(logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that none of the propositions deducible from the axioms contradict one another


pos: n
definition:
(logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms of the system


pos: n
definition:
the quality of being pretentious (behaving or speaking in such a manner as to create a false appearance of great importance or worth)


pos: n
definition:
the quality of belonging to or being connected with a certain place or region by virtue of birth or origin


pos: n
definition:
(Christianity) holding views that disagree with accepted doctrine; especially disagreement with papal infallibility


pos: n
definition:
(international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure


pos: n
definition:
a quality of neatness and ingenious simplicity in the solution of a problem (especially in science or mathematics)


pos: n
definition:
the ambiguity of an individual word or phrase that can be used (in different contexts) to express two or more different meanings


pos: n
definition:
the quality of not putting yourself first but being willing to give your time or money or effort etc. for others


pos: n
definition:
lack of integrity or honesty (especially susceptibility to bribery); use of a position of trust for dishonest gain


pos: n
definition:
the qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle)


pos: n
definition:
the quality or character of being intellectually sophisticated and worldly through cultivation or experience or disillusionment


pos: n
definition:
asceticism as a form of religious life; usually conducted in a community under a common rule and characterized by celibacy and poverty and obedience


pos: n
definition:
monasticism characterized by solitude in which the social dimension of life is sacrificed to the primacy of religious experience


pos: n
definition:
judgment based on individual personal impressions and feelings and opinions rather than external facts


pos: n
definition:
(physics) the property of being isotropic; having the same value when measured in different directions


pos: n
definition:
(physics) the property of matter and electromagnetic radiation that is characterized by the fact that some properties can be explained best by wave theory and others by particle theory


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) the tendency of a crossbred organism to have qualities superior to those of either parent


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) traits that tend to be inherited together as a consequence of an association between their genes; all of the genes of a given chromosome are linked (where one goes they all go)


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a kind of computer architecture that has a large number of instructions hard coded into the CPU chip


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a kind of computer architecture that has a relatively small set of computer instructions that it can perform


pos: n
definition:
the physical composition of something (especially with respect to the size and shape of the small constituents of a substance)


pos: n
definition:
the property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different composition


pos: n
definition:
a disposition toward schism and secession from a larger group; the principles and practices of separatists


pos: n
definition:
a characteristic likelihood of or natural disposition toward a certain condition or character or effect


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) the tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond


pos: n
definition:
excessive desire to acquire or possess more (especially more material wealth) than one needs or deserves


pos: n
definition:
a light within the field of vision that is brighter than the brightness to which the eyes are adapted


pos: n
definition:
the quality or state of the achromatic color of least lightness (bearing the least resemblance to white)


pos: n
definition:
the quality or state of the achromatic color of greatest lightness (bearing the least resemblance to black)


pos: n
definition:
a primary subtractive color for light; a dark purple-red color; the dye for magenta was discovered in 1859, the year of the battle of Magenta


pos: n
definition:
a shade of brown that is yellowish or reddish; it is a greenish shade of brown when used to describe the color of someone's eyes


pos: n
definition:
either one of two chromatic colors that when mixed together give white (in the case of lights) or grey (in the case of pigments)


pos: n
definition:
(linguistics) a pitch or change in pitch of the voice that serves to distinguish words in tonal languages


pos: n
definition:
(music) the sound property resulting from a combination of organ stops used to perform a particular piece of music; the technique of selecting and adjusting organ stops


pos: n
definition:
any of a series of musical tones whose frequencies are integral multiples of the frequency of a fundamental


pos: n
definition:
the quality imparted to voiced speech sounds by the action of the resonating chambers of the throat and mouth and nasal cavities


pos: n
definition:
the development of male secondary sexual characteristics in a female (or prematurely in a young boy)


pos: n
definition:
(physics) the property of a body that determines the fraction of the incident radiation or sound flux absorbed or absorbable by the body


pos: n
definition:
the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)


pos: n
definition:
(thermodynamics) a thermodynamic quantity equal to the internal energy of a system plus the product of its volume and pressure


pos: n
definition:
(thermodynamics) a thermodynamic quantity representing the amount of energy in a system that is no longer available for doing mechanical work


pos: n
definition:
the physical property of a material that can return to its original shape or position after deformation that does not exceed its elastic limit


pos: n
definition:
the elasticity and hardness of a metal object; its ability to absorb considerable energy before cracking


pos: n
definition:
the property of being physically malleable; the property of something that can be worked or hammered or shaped without breaking


pos: n
definition:
the atomic weight of an element that has the same combining capacity as a given weight of another element; the standard is 8 for oxygen


pos: n
definition:
the property of being invulnerable; the property of being incapable of being hurt (physically or emotionally)


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) a property of atoms or radicals; their combining power given in terms of the number of hydrogen atoms (or the equivalent)


pos: n
definition:
valence characterized by the sharing of electrons in a chemical compound; the number of pairs of electrons an atom can share


pos: n
definition:
(biology) a relative capacity to unite or react or interact as with antigens or a biological substrate


pos: n
definition:
(from potential of Hydrogen) the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration in gram atoms per liter; provides a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution (where 7 is neutral and greater than 7 is more basic and less than 7 is more acidic)


pos: n
definition:
the property of lacking physical or mental strength; liability to failure under pressure or stress or strain


pos: n
definition:
exposure to the wind (as the exposed part of a vessel's hull which is responsible for wind resistance)


pos: n
definition:
the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum; electromagnetic wave frequencies below the visible range


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) an attribute of a shape or relation; exact reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane


pos: n
definition:
(golf) the backward slant on the head of some golf clubs that is designed to drive the ball high in the air


pos: n
definition:
(biology) a narrowing or constriction of a vessel or canal; especially a congenital narrowing of the aorta


pos: n
definition:
the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole


pos: n
definition:
the spatial property possessed by an arrangement or position of things in a straight line or in parallel lines


pos: n
definition:
a motionless erect stance with arms at the sides and feet together; assumed by military personnel during drill or review


pos: n
definition:
(sports) a bodily position adopted in some sports (such as diving or skiing) in which the knees are bent and the thighs are drawn close to the chest


pos: n
definition:
the distance (measured in the direction of propagation) between two points in the same phase in consecutive cycles of a wave


pos: n
definition:
(linguistics) a distribution of related speech sounds or forms in such a way that they only appear in different contexts


pos: n
definition:
the dispersion or spreading of something that was originally localized (as a people or language or culture)


pos: n
definition:
(physics) a measure of the extent to which a substance transmits light or other electromagnetic radiation


pos: n
definition:
a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible


pos: n
definition:
(geology) the probability that an earthquake will generate a level of ground motion that exceeds a specified reference level during a given exposure time


pos: n
definition:
the size of a book whose pages are made by folding a sheet of paper three times to form eight leaves


pos: n
definition:
the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference


pos: n
definition:
the amount of increase in signal power or voltage or current expressed as the ratio of output to input


pos: n
definition:
meagerness or poorness connoted by a superfluity of water (in a literary style as well as in a food)


pos: n
definition:
the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative or print (or the extent to which adjacent areas on a television screen differ in brightness)


pos: n
definition:
(music) the timbre that is characteristic of a certain range and manner of production of the human voice or of different pipe organ stops or of different musical instruments


pos: n
definition:
the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place


pos: n
definition:
the depth to which something penetrates (especially the depth reached by a projectile that hits a target)


pos: n
definition:
for someone's benefit (usually expressed as `in behalf' rather than `on behalf' and usually with a possessive)


pos: n
definition:
the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold)


pos: n
definition:
grant of favor or advantage to one over another (especially to a country or countries in matters of international trade, such as levying duties)


pos: n
definition:
(games) a handicap or disadvantage that is imposed on a competitor (or a team) for an infraction of the rules of the game


pos: n
definition:
a quality or state characterized by certainty or acceptance or affirmation and dogmatic assertiveness


pos: n
definition:
characterized by habitual skepticism and a disagreeable tendency to deny or oppose or resist suggestions or commands


pos: n
definition:
an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature


pos: n
definition:
a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right)


pos: n
definition:
(law) the privilege of using something that is not your own (as using another's land as a right of way to your own land)


pos: n
definition:
a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment


pos: n
definition:
a statutory right or privilege granted to a person or group by a government (especially the rights of citizenship and the right to vote)


pos: n
definition:
a legal right to use and derive profit from property belonging to someone else provided that the property itself is not injured in any way


pos: n
definition:
the power to induce the taking of a course of action or the embracing of a point of view by means of argument or entreaty


pos: n
definition:
the power or right to prohibit or reject a proposed or intended act (especially the power of a chief executive to reject a bill passed by the legislature)


pos: n
definition:
the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) the ability to exchange and use information (usually in a large heterogeneous network made up of several local area networks)


pos: n
definition:
the capability or quality of shrinking or contracting, especially by muscle fibers and even some other forms of living matter


pos: n
definition:
the ability to contract or draw together soft body tissues to check blood flow or restrict secretion of fluids


pos: n
definition:
the capability to obliterate a target with more weapons (especially nuclear weapons) than are required


pos: n
definition:
the quality of something (an act or a piece of writing) that reveals the attitudes and presuppositions of the author


pos: n
definition:
the manner in which an electrical or mechanical device responds to an input signal or a range of input signals


pos: n
definition:
the quality of being responsive; reacting quickly; as a quality of people, it involves responding with emotion to people and events


pos: n
definition:
the quality of being unresponsive; not reacting; as a quality of people, it is marked by a failure to respond quickly or with emotion to people or events


pos: n
definition:
the degree of unresponsiveness of a disease-causing microorganism to antibiotics or other drugs (as in penicillin-resistant bacteria)


pos: n
definition:
(anatomy) any of the narrow grooves in an organ or tissue especially those that mark the convolutions on the surface of the brain


pos: n
definition:
any of various keel-shaped structures or ridges such as that on the breastbone of a bird or that formed by the fused petals of a pea blossom


pos: n
definition:
an arched bundle of white fibers at the base of the brain by which the hippocampus of each hemisphere projects to the contralateral hippocampus and to the thalamus and mamillary bodies


pos: n
definition:
a small apparently simple structure (as a fertilized egg) from which new tissue can develop into a complete organism


pos: n
definition:
an anatomical structure used as a point of origin in locating other anatomical structures (as in surgery) or as point from which measurements can be taken


pos: n
definition:
the craniometric point at the junction of the lamboid suture and the occipitomastoid suture and the parietomastoid suture


pos: n
definition:
the craniometric point at the junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures at the top of the cranium


pos: n
definition:
the craniometric point at the junction of the anterior border of the lacrimal bone with the frontal bone


pos: n
definition:
the craniometric point at the tip of the angular part of the parietal bone that articulates with the temporal bone


pos: n
definition:
a smooth prominence of the frontal bone between and above the eyebrows; the most forward projecting point of the forehead in the midline at the level of the supraorbital ridges


pos: n
definition:
the craniometric point that is the most prominent point at the back of the head (at the occipital protuberance)


pos: n
definition:
the craniometric point at the bridge of the nose where the frontal and nasal bones of the skull meet


pos: n
definition:
the craniometric point that is the most forward-projecting point on the anterior surface of the chin


pos: n
definition:
craniometric point that is the most anterior point in the midline on the alveolar process of the maxilla


pos: n
definition:
an outer protective covering such as the skin of an animal or a cuticle or seed coat or rind or shell


pos: n
definition:
an epithelium of mesoblastic origin; a thin layer of flattened cells that lines the inside of some body cavities


pos: n
definition:
a cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone


pos: n
definition:
(zoology) a protective layer of epidermis in mollusks or brachiopods that secretes a substance forming the shell


pos: n
definition:
a mouth or mouthlike opening (especially one created by surgery on the surface of the body to create an opening to an internal organ)


pos: n
definition:
a small intertwined group of capillaries in the malpighian body; it filters the blood during urine formation


pos: n
definition:
a network of tiny blood vessels between the cerebral surface of the pia mater and the cerebral cortex


pos: n
definition:
a natural or surgical joining of parts or branches of tubular structures so as to make or become continuous


pos: n
definition:
a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss


pos: n
definition:
fine soft dense hair (as the fine short hair of cattle or deer or the wool of sheep or the undercoat of certain dogs)


pos: n
definition:
a tuft of hair that grows in a different direction from the rest of the hair and usually will not lie flat


pos: n
definition:
facial hair that has grown down the side of a man's face in front of the ears (especially when the rest of the beard is shaved off)


pos: n
definition:
a thin tissue or blood sample spread on a glass slide and stained for cytologic examination and diagnosis under a microscope


pos: n
definition:
animal tissue that constitutes the essential part of an organ as contrasted with e.g. connective tissue and blood vessels


pos: n
definition:
a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energy; it also cushions and insulates vital organs


pos: n
definition:
one of the eight bones of the cranium; a small bone filled with air spaces that forms part of the eye sockets and the nasal cavity


pos: n
definition:
either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits


pos: n
definition:
any of the 12 pairs of curved arches of bone extending from the spine to or toward the sternum in humans (and similar bones in most vertebrates)


pos: n
definition:
wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae forming the posterior part of the pelvis; its base connects with the lowest lumbar vertebra and its tip with the coccyx


pos: n
definition:
hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defense


pos: n
definition:
the slender arch formed by the temporal process of the cheekbone that bridges to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone


pos: n
definition:
a fibrous scleroprotein in bone and cartilage and tendon and other connective tissue; yields gelatin on boiling


pos: n
definition:
(anatomy) a disk of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the ends of bones that meet at a joint


pos: n
definition:
either of two broad muscles located on either side of the neck and innervated by the facial nerve; extends from lower jaw to clavicle and is involved in moving the mouth and jaw


pos: n
definition:
rod-shaped structures of fibrous tissue that divide an organ into parts (as in the penis) or stabilize the structure of an organ (as in the spleen)


pos: n
definition:
a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or supporting muscles or organs


pos: n
definition:
a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function


pos: n
definition:
an organ having nerve endings (in the skin or viscera or eye or ear or nose or mouth) that respond to stimulation


pos: n
definition:
the vocal apparatus of the larynx; the true vocal folds and the space between them where the voice tone is generated


pos: n
definition:
the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening


pos: n
definition:
(zoology) the cavity (in birds, reptiles, amphibians, most fish, and monotremes but not mammals) at the end of the digestive tract into which the intestinal, genital, and urinary tracts open


pos: n
definition:
one of the four pointed conical teeth (two in each jaw) located between the incisors and the premolars


pos: n
definition:
a thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell; proteins in the membrane control passage of ions (like sodium or potassium or calcium) in and out of the cell


pos: n
definition:
a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera; a dark pigmentation minimizes the scattering of light inside the eye


pos: n
definition:
a vertical fold of skin over the nasal canthus; normal for Mongolian peoples; sometimes occurs in Down's syndrome


pos: n
definition:
a transparent lubricating mucous membrane that covers the eyeball and the under surface of the eyelid


pos: n
definition:
a slightly elevated elastic tissue deposit in the conjunctiva that may extend to the cornea but does not cover it


pos: n
definition:
the transparent dome-shaped anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; it covers the iris and pupil and is continuous with the sclera


pos: n
definition:
either of two thickened triangular layers of conjunctiva extending from the nasal edge of the eye to the cornea; it arises from irritation of the pinguecula


pos: n
definition:
(anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; functions in respiration


pos: n
definition:
the innermost membrane of an organ (especially the inner lining of an artery or vein or lymphatic vessel)


pos: n
definition:
muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil which in turn controls the amount of light that enters the eye; it forms the colored portion of the eye


pos: n
definition:
biconvex transparent body situated behind the iris in the eye; its role (along with the cornea) is to focuses light on the retina


pos: n
definition:
the bodily fluid that fills the space between the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear


pos: n
definition:
the part of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that contains the heart and aorta and esophagus and trachea and thymus


pos: n
definition:
the snail-shaped tube (in the inner ear coiled around the modiolus) where sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses by the organ of Corti


pos: n
definition:
a dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles; contains nerves and blood vessels that nourish the enclosed bone


pos: n
definition:
any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream


pos: n
definition:
a firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males at the neck of the urethra; produces a viscid secretion that is the fluid part of semen


pos: n
definition:
either of the two dilated ends of the lacrimal ducts at the nasal ends of the eyes that fill with tears secreted by the lacrimal glands


pos: n
definition:
a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity; atrophies with age


pos: n
definition:
either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine


pos: n
definition:
a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses


pos: n
definition:
a muscular sac attached to the liver that stores bile (secreted by the liver) until it is needed for digestion


pos: n
definition:
large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; synthesizes vitamin A; detoxifies poisonous substances and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes


pos: n
definition:
either of two saclike respiratory organs in the chest of vertebrates; serves to remove carbon dioxide and provide oxygen to the blood


pos: n
definition:
the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs; its rhythmic contractions move the blood through the body


pos: n
definition:
any chamber that is connected to other chambers or passageways (especially one of the two upper chambers of the heart)


pos: n
definition:
a structure in a hollow organ (like the heart) with a flap to insure one-way flow of fluid through it


pos: n
definition:
liquid containing proteins and electrolytes including the liquid in blood plasma and interstitial fluid


pos: n
definition:
a clear liquid in the cell nucleus in which the nucleolus and chromatin and other structures are dispersed


pos: n
definition:
the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets


pos: n
definition:
flow of blood from the uterus; occurs at roughly monthly intervals during a woman's reproductive years


pos: n
definition:
the colorless watery fluid of the blood and lymph that contains no cells, but in which the blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) are suspended


pos: n
definition:
a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats


pos: n
definition:
a thin coagulable fluid (similar to plasma but) containing white blood cells (lymphocytes) and chyle; is conveyed to the blood stream by lymphatic vessels


pos: n
definition:
a functionally specialized substance (especially one that is not a waste) released from a gland or cell


pos: n
definition:
a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats


pos: n
definition:
a humor that was once believed to be secreted by the kidneys or spleen and to cause sadness and melancholy


pos: n
definition:
the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect


pos: n
definition:
a catecholamine precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses


pos: n
definition:
a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action


pos: n
definition:
polypeptide hormone secreted by the mucous lining of the stomach; when peptides and amino acids are present in the small intestine the secretion of gastric acid is stimulated


pos: n
definition:
a gastrointestinal hormone that stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and the contraction and emptying of the gall bladder; its release is stimulated by the presence of fatty acids and amino acids in the small intestine


pos: n
definition:
a gastrointestinal hormone that stimulates the secretion of water and bicarbonate from the pancreas and bile ducts whenever the stomach empties too much acid into the small intestine


pos: n
definition:
a gastrointestinal hormone produced by epithelial cells lining the fundus of the stomach; appears to be a stimulant for appetite and feeding, but is also a strong stimulant of growth hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary


pos: n
definition:
a gastrointestinal hormone that apparently participates in controlling smooth muscle contractions in the stomach and small intestine


pos: n
definition:
a hormone secreted by the pancreas; stimulates increases in blood sugar levels in the blood (thus opposing the action of insulin)


pos: n
definition:
hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and placenta; stimulates the gonads and controls reproductive activity


pos: n
definition:
hormone secreted by the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas; regulates storage of glycogen in the liver and accelerates oxidation of sugar in cells


pos: n
definition:
a form of insulin (trade name Humulin) made from recombinant DNA that is identical to human insulin; used to treat diabetics who are allergic to preparations made from beef or pork insulin


pos: n
definition:
hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitocin); stimulates contractions of the uterus and ejection of milk


pos: n
definition:
hormone synthesized and released into the blood stream by the parathyroid glands; regulates phosphorus and calcium in the body and functions in neuromuscular excitation and blood clotting


pos: n
definition:
hormone secreted by the corpus luteum during the last days of pregnancy; relaxes the pelvic ligaments and prepares the uterus for labor


pos: n
definition:
any of several hormones produced in the hypothalamus and carried by a vein to the anterior pituitary gland where they stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones; each of these hormones causes the anterior pituitary to secrete a specific hormone


pos: n
definition:
trade name of a synthetic human growth hormone given to children deficient in the hormone; use by athletes and weightlifters is banned


pos: n
definition:
thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone


pos: n
definition:
hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells


pos: n
definition:
thyroid hormone similar to thyroxine but with one less iodine atom per molecule and produced in smaller quantity; exerts the same biological effects as thyroxine but is more potent and briefer


pos: n
definition:
hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitressin) and also by nerve endings in the hypothalamus; affects blood pressure by stimulating capillary muscles and reduces urine flow by affecting reabsorption of water by kidney tubules


pos: n
definition:
amine formed from histidine that stimulates gastric secretions and dilates blood vessels; released by the human immune system during allergic reactions


pos: n
definition:
a potent substance that acts like a hormone and is found in many bodily tissues (and especially in semen); produced in response to trauma and may affect blood pressure and metabolism and smooth muscle activity


pos: n
definition:
protective secretion of the mucus membranes; in the gut it lubricates the passage of food and protects the epithelial cells; in the nose and throat and lungs it can make it difficult for bacteria to penetrate the body through the epithelium


pos: n
definition:
expectorated matter; saliva mixed with discharges from the respiratory passages; in ancient and medieval physiology it was believed to cause sluggishness


pos: n
definition:
a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches


pos: n
definition:
substance discharged from the vagina (cellular debris and mucus and blood) that gradually decreases in amount during the weeks following childbirth


pos: n
definition:
receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart; formed from the union of the two iliac veins


pos: n
definition:
receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart; formed from the azygos and both brachiocephalic veins


pos: n
definition:
the innermost light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve


pos: n
definition:
a double layer of peritoneum that attaches to the back wall of the abdominal cavity and supports the small intestines


pos: n
definition:
the nucleus of the ovum or sperm after fertilization but before they fuse to form the nucleus of the zygote


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) the diploid cell resulting from the union of a haploid spermatozoon and ovum (including the organism that develops from that cell)


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) an organism having two different alleles of a particular gene and so giving rise to varying offspring


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) an organism having two identical alleles of a particular gene and so breeding true for the particular characteristic


pos: n
definition:
a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence


pos: n
definition:
an organelle found in the cytoplasm of most cells (especially in leukocytes and liver and kidney cells)


pos: n
definition:
a tiny granule in the cytoplasm that is where protein synthesis takes place under the direction of mRNA


pos: n
definition:
a netlike structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells (especially in those cells that produce secretions)


pos: n
definition:
a small round body of protein in a cell nucleus; such organelles contain RNA and are involved in protein synthesis


pos: n
definition:
the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus consisting of DNA and RNA and various proteins; during mitotic division it condenses into chromosomes


pos: n
definition:
an obsolete term for the network of viscous material in the cell nucleus on which the chromatin granules were thought to be suspended


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) either of a pair (or series) of alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus on a particular chromosome and that control the same character


pos: n
definition:
one of various similar homeotic genes that are involved in bodily segmentation during embryonic development


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) a combination of alleles (for different genes) that are located closely together on the same chromosome and that tend to be inherited together


pos: n
definition:
a segment of DNA containing adjacent genes including structural genes and an operator gene and a regulatory gene


pos: n
definition:
a gene that by itself has little effect on the phenotype but which can act together with others to produce observable variations


pos: n
definition:
any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; appear in pairs in body cells but as single chromosomes in spermatozoa


pos: n
definition:
a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape


pos: n
definition:
the appearance of the chromosomal makeup of a somatic cell in an individual or species (including the number and arrangement and size and structure of the chromosomes)


pos: n
definition:
star-shaped structure formed in the cytoplasm of a cell having fibers like rays that surround the centrosome during mitosis


pos: n
definition:
one of a pair of small cylindrical cell organelles near the nucleus in animal cells; composed of nine triplet microtubules and form the asters during mitosis


pos: n
definition:
an organelle in the cytoplasm of a living cell; they attach to mRNA and move down it one codon at a time and then stop until tRNA brings the required amino acid; when it reaches a stop codon it falls apart and releases the completed protein molecule for use by the cell


pos: n
definition:
small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus; contains the centrioles and serves to organize the microtubules


pos: n
definition:
the whitish fibrous membrane (albuginea) that with the cornea forms the outer covering and protection of the eyeball


pos: n
definition:
blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body's defense system


pos: n
definition:
an agranulocytic leukocyte that normally makes up a quarter of the white blood cell count but increases in the presence of infection


pos: n
definition:
a cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen; found in bone marrow and sometimes in the blood


pos: n
definition:
a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleus


pos: n
definition:
a small yellowish central area of the retina that is rich in cones and that mediates clear detailed vision


pos: n
definition:
a process at the anterior end of a sperm cell that produces enzymes to facilitate penetration of the egg


pos: n
definition:
a widely distributed system consisting of all the cells able to ingest bacteria or colloidal particles etc, except for certain white blood cells


pos: n
definition:
sustentacular tissue that surrounds and supports neurons in the central nervous system; glial and neural cells together compose the tissue of the central nervous system


pos: n
definition:
tissue consisting of glial cells with sheetlike processes that form the myelin sheath of nerve fibers


pos: n
definition:
special nerve endings in the muscles and tendons and other organs that respond to stimuli regarding the position and movement of the body


pos: n
definition:
a hybrid cell resulting from the fusion of a lymphocyte and a tumor cell; used to culture a specific monoclonal antibody


pos: n
definition:
an outgrowth on a plant or animal such as a fowl's wattle or a protuberance near the hilum of certain seeds


pos: n
definition:
a fleshy wrinkled and often brightly colored fold of skin hanging from the neck or throat of certain birds (chickens and turkeys) or lizards


pos: n
definition:
(anatomy) a natural outgrowth or projection on an organ or body part such as the process of a vertebra


pos: n
definition:
small pointed structure serving as a skeletal element in various marine and freshwater invertebrates e.g. sponges and corals


pos: n
definition:
a center in the cerebral hemispheres that governs the sense of smell in lower animals; in humans it seems to mediate complex emotional behavior


pos: n
definition:
either of the two cranial nerves on either side that control the superior oblique muscles of the eyes


pos: n
definition:
a mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera


pos: n
definition:
that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord


pos: n
definition:
the part of the brain having the most recent phylogenetic origin; the cerebral cortex and related parts


pos: n
definition:
the more primitive parts of the brain phylogenetically; most structures other than the cerebral cortex


pos: n
definition:
the two innermost layers of the meninges; cerebrospinal fluid circulates between these innermost layers


pos: n
definition:
the complex network of unmyelinated axones, dendrites, and glial branches that form the bulk of the central nervous system's grey matter and in which nerve cell bodies are embedded


pos: n
definition:
a small endocrine gland in the brain; situated beneath the back part of the corpus callosum; secretes melatonin


pos: n
definition:
a major division of the vertebrate brain; situated above the medulla oblongata and beneath the cerebrum in humans


pos: n
definition:
the anterior lobe of the cerebellum which was one of the earliest parts of the hindbrain to develop in mammals


pos: n
definition:
the areas of the brain that process and register incoming sensory information and make possible the conscious awareness of the world


pos: n
definition:
lower or hindmost part of the brain; continuous with spinal cord; (`bulb' is an old term for medulla oblongata)


pos: n
definition:
an almond-shaped neural structure in the anterior part of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum; intimately connected with the hypothalamus and the hippocampus and the cingulate gyrus; as part of the limbic system it plays an important role in motivation and emotional behavior


pos: n
definition:
the anterior portion of the brain; the part of the brain that develops from the anterior part of the neural tube


pos: n
definition:
a complex neural structure (shaped like a sea horse) consisting of grey matter and located on the floor of each lateral ventricle; intimately involved in motivation and emotion as part of the limbic system; has a central role in the formation of memories


pos: n
definition:
a striped mass of white and grey matter located in front of the thalamus in each cerebral hemisphere; consists of the caudate nucleus and the lenticular nucleus


pos: n
definition:
the posterior part of the hindbrain in developing vertebrates; forms the medulla oblongata in adults


pos: n
definition:
the part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus


pos: n
definition:
a complex neural network in the central core of the brainstem; monitors the state of the body and functions in such processes as arousal and sleep and attention and muscle tone


pos: n
definition:
one of four connected cavities in the brain; is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord and contains cerebrospinal fluid


pos: n
definition:
the part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands


pos: n
definition:
originates in the brain stem and lower part of the spinal cord; opposes physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system: stimulates digestive secretions; slows the heart; constricts the pupils; dilates blood vessels


pos: n
definition:
(pregnancy) the mucous membrane that lines the uterus; thickens under hormonal control and (if pregnancy does not occur) is shed in menstruation; if pregnancy occurs it is shed along with the placenta at parturition


pos: n
definition:
an artificially made microscopic vesicle into which nucleic acids can be packaged; used in molecular biology as a transducing vector


pos: n
definition:
the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus


pos: n
definition:
the lower part of the female reproductive tract; a moist canal in female mammals extending from the labia minora to the uterus


pos: n
definition:
a liplike structure that bounds a bodily orifice (especially any of the four labiate folds of a woman's vulva)


pos: n
definition:
a collection of lymphatic tissue in the throat behind the uvula (on the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx)


pos: n
definition:
a cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea; contains elastic vocal cords that are the source of the vocal tone in speech


pos: n
definition:
the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted


pos: n
definition:
an abnormal enlargement of the colon; can be congenital (as in Hirschsprung's disease) or acquired (as when children refuse to defecate)


pos: n
definition:
the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains


pos: n
definition:
the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone


pos: n
definition:
a large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and serving to abduct and flex and extend and rotate the arm


pos: n
definition:
the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates


pos: n
definition:
small circular area such as that around the human nipple or an inflamed area around a pimple or insect bite


pos: n
definition:
the back of the body of a vertebrate or any analogous surface (as the upper or outer surface of an organ or appendage or part)


pos: n
definition:
the cavity containing the major viscera; in mammals it is separated from the thorax by the diaphragm


pos: n
definition:
a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle


pos: n
definition:
a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb


pos: n
definition:
hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella


pos: n
definition:
one of the bony prominences developed near the upper extremity of the femur to which muscles are attached


pos: n
definition:
the muscle in the back part of the leg that forms the greater part of the calf; responsible for the plantar flexion of the foot


pos: n
definition:
either of two flat muscles that extend from the upper vertebrae to the base of the skull and serve to rotate or flex or extend the head and neck


pos: n
definition:
hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped


pos: n
definition:
a freely moving joint in which the bones are so articulated as to allow extensive movement in one plane


pos: n
definition:
(surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient


pos: n
definition:
tissue or organ transplanted from a donor of the same species but different genetic makeup; recipient's immune system must be suppressed to prevent rejection of the graft


pos: n
definition:
tissue from an animal of one species used as a temporary graft (as in cases of severe burns) on an individual of another species


pos: n
definition:
a loose narrow strip of skin near the base of a fingernail; tearing it produces a painful sore that is easily infected


pos: n
definition:
the exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs


pos: n
definition:
a muscle in the thigh that helps to rotate the leg into the sitting position assumed by a tailor; the longest muscle in the human body


pos: n
definition:
any of four pairs of muscles extending from the cervical vertebrae to the second rib; involved in moving the neck and in breathing


pos: n
definition:
one of two thick muscles running from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid and occipital bone; turns head obliquely to the opposite side; when acting together they flex the neck and extend the head


pos: n
definition:
either of two flat triangular muscles of the shoulder and upper back that are involved in moving the shoulders and arms


pos: n
definition:
a riblike part of a plant or animal (such as a middle rib of a leaf or a thickened vein of an insect wing)


pos: n
definition:
the end of a long bone; initially separated from the main bone by a layer of cartilage that eventually ossifies so the parts become fused


pos: n
definition:
process of the ulna that forms the outer bump of the elbow and fits into the fossa of the humerus when the arm is extended


pos: n
definition:
the skeleton of the human foot between the toes and the tarsus; the corresponding part of the foot in birds or of the hind foot in quadrupeds


pos: n
definition:
the part of the foot of a vertebrate between the metatarsus and the leg; in human beings the bones of the ankle and heel collectively


pos: n
definition:
(anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion)


pos: n
definition:
a freely moving joint in which a sphere on the head of one bone fits into a rounded cavity in the other bone


pos: n
definition:
the cup-shaped hollow in the hipbone into which the head of the femur fits to form a ball-and-socket joint


pos: n
definition:
a structure shaped like a funnel in the outlet of the kidney into which urine is discharged before passing into the ureter


pos: n
definition:
the structure of the vertebrate skeleton supporting the lower limbs in humans and the hind limbs or corresponding parts in other vertebrates


pos: n
definition:
the crease at the junction of the inner part of the thigh with the trunk together with the adjacent region and often including the external genitals


pos: n
definition:
any area of the body that is highly sensitive to pain (as the flesh underneath the skin or a fingernail or toenail)


pos: n
definition:
the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals


pos: n
definition:
any of the openings to the nasal cavities that allow air to flow through the cavities to the pharynx


pos: n
definition:
the human face (`kisser' and `smiler' and `mug' are informal terms for `face' and `phiz' is British)


pos: n
definition:
muscle extending from the temporal fossa to the coronoid process of the mandible; acts to raise the mandible and close the jaws


pos: n
definition:
(Middle Ages) one of the four fluids in the body whose balance was believed to determine your emotional and physical state


pos: n
definition:
(biology) tiny fibers that are seen in cell division; the fibers radiate from two poles and meet at the equator in the middle


pos: n
definition:
a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei and enclosed in a membrane but no internal cell boundaries (as in muscle fibers)


pos: n
definition:
a thin membrane lining the closed cavities of the body; has two layers with a space between that is filled with serous fluid


pos: n
definition:
a thin membrane in synovial (freely moving) joints that lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid


pos: n
definition:
a cavity in the mesoderm of an embryo that gives rise in humans to the pleural cavity and pericardial cavity and peritoneal cavity


pos: n
definition:
(anatomy) a fold of dura mater that covers the cerebellum and supports the occipital lobes of the cerebrum


pos: n
definition:
a large connective tissue cell that contains histamine and heparin and serotonin which are released in allergic reactions or in response to injury or inflammation


pos: n
definition:
a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response


pos: n
definition:
the body of ideas that determine the knowledge that is intellectually certain at any particular time


pos: n
definition:
possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done


pos: n
definition:
the power to learn or retain knowledge; in law, the ability to understand the facts and significance of your behavior


pos: n
definition:
the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses


pos: n
definition:
an imaginary place of great wealth and opportunity; sought in South America by 16th-century explorers


pos: n
definition:
a beautiful garden where Adam and Eve were placed at the Creation; when they disobeyed and ate the forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil they were driven from their paradise (the fall of man)


pos: n
definition:
a land imagined by Jonathan Swift where impractical projects were pursued and practical projects neglected


pos: n
definition:
(theology) in Roman Catholicism, the place of unbaptized but innocent or righteous souls (such as infants and virtuous individuals)


pos: n
definition:
(theology) in Roman Catholic theology the place where those who have died in a state of grace undergo limited torment to expiate their sins


pos: n
definition:
a kind of imagination that was held by Coleridge to be more casual and superficial than true imagination


pos: n
definition:
a prolonged fantasy world invented by children; can have a definite geography and language and history


pos: n
definition:
the art of projecting your voice so that it seems to come from another source (as from a ventriloquist's dummy)


pos: n
definition:
an inability to remember or think of something you normally can do; often caused by emotional tension


pos: n
definition:
something that is considered amusing not because of its originality but because of its unoriginality


pos: n
definition:
any of the sensory systems that mediate sensations of pressure and tickle and warmth and cold and vibration and limb position and limb movement and pain


pos: n
definition:
the faculty by which external objects or forces are perceived through contact with the body (especially the hands)


pos: n
definition:
sharpness of vision; the visual ability to resolve fine detail (usually measured by a Snellen chart)


pos: n
definition:
three-dimensional vision produced by the fusion of two slightly different views of a scene on each retina


pos: n
definition:
the ability to sense the position and location and orientation and movement of the body and its parts


pos: n
definition:
the faculty of bodily perception; sensory systems associated with the body; includes skin senses and proprioception and the internal organs


pos: n
definition:
a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)


pos: n
definition:
a system of principles for philosophic or scientific investigations; an instrument for acquiring knowledge


pos: n
definition:
(computer graphics) a technique that is used to smooth jagged distortions in curves and diagonal lines so they appear smoother


pos: n
definition:
(dentistry) a technique for repairing a tooth; resinous material is applied to the surface of the tooth where it adheres to the tooth's enamel


pos: n
definition:
(immunology) a technique that uses antibodies linked to a fluorescent dye in order to study antigens in a sample of tissue


pos: n
definition:
a behavioral convention or pattern characteristic of all members of a particular culture or of all human beings


pos: n
definition:
the biblical institution whereby a man must marry the widow of his childless brother in order to maintain the brother's line


pos: n
definition:
(Jungian psychology) the inner self (not the external persona) that is in touch with the unconscious


pos: n
definition:
a state of mind in which consciousness is fragile and voluntary action is poor or missing; a state resembling deep sleep


pos: n
definition:
a trancelike state in which the person can follow instructions but voluntary action is weak or absent


pos: n
definition:
state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options


pos: n
definition:
trouble that cannot be overcome by a single effort because of its many aspects or its persistent and pervasive quality


pos: n
definition:
support that enables people to survive or to continue doing something (often by providing an essential connection)


pos: n
definition:
(medicine) something that can be used as a substitute (especially any medicine that may be taken in place of another)


pos: n
definition:
(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents


pos: n
definition:
the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others


pos: n
definition:
(psychology) the tendency for perceived objects to give rise to very similar perceptual experiences in spite of wide variations in the conditions of observation


pos: n
definition:
(psychophysics) the difference between two stimuli that (under properly controlled experimental conditions) is detected as often as it is undetected


pos: n
definition:
the sensation that results when olfactory receptors in the nose are stimulated by particular chemicals in gaseous form


pos: n
definition:
the sensation that results when taste buds in the tongue and throat convey information about the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus


pos: n
definition:
the auditory experience of sound that lacks musical quality; sound that is a disagreeable auditory experience


pos: n
definition:
an intense itching sensation that can have various causes (as by allergies or infection or lymphoma or jaundice etc.)


pos: n
definition:
pain in the area of the ovary that is felt at the time of ovulation (usually midway through the menstrual cycle)


pos: n
definition:
(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing their observed or theoretical frequency of occurrence


pos: n
definition:
(electronics) a system design that duplicates components to provide alternatives in case one component fails


pos: n
definition:
the topology of a network whose components are serially connected in such a way that the last component is connected to the first component


pos: n
definition:
the attribution of consciousness and personality to natural phenomena such as thunderstorms and earthquakes and to objects such as plants and stones


pos: n
definition:
(statistics) any of the 99 numbered points that divide an ordered set of scores into 100 parts each of which contains one-hundredth of the total


pos: n
definition:
(statistics) any of nine points that divided a distribution of ranked scores into equal intervals where each interval contains one-tenth of the scores


pos: n
definition:
(statistics) any of three points that divide an ordered distribution into four parts each containing one quarter of the scores


pos: n
definition:
appraisal of the biological activity of a substance by testing its effect on an organism and comparing the result with some agreed standard


pos: n
definition:
examination of tissues or liquids from the living body to determine the existence or cause of a disease


pos: n
definition:
a blood test to detect syphilis; a complement fixation test is used to detect antibodies to the syphilis organism treponema; a positive reaction indicates the presence of antibodies and therefore syphilis infection


pos: n
definition:
radioactive iodine test that measures the amount of radioactive iodine taken up by the thyroid gland


pos: n
definition:
a learning process in which an organism's behavior becomes dependent on the occurrence of a stimulus in its environment


pos: n
definition:
(psychology) unconscious internalization of aspects of the world (especially aspects of persons) within the self in such a way that the internalized representation takes over the psychological functions of the external objects


pos: n
definition:
(psychoanalysis) the internalization of the parent figures and their values; leads to the formation of the superego


pos: n
definition:
in the theories of Jean Piaget: the modification of internal representations in order to accommodate a changing knowledge of reality


pos: n
definition:
(Pavolvian conditioning) the elicitation of a conditioned response by stimulation similar but not identical to the original stimulus


pos: n
definition:
the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities


pos: n
definition:
a conditioning process in which the reinforcer is removed and a conditioned response becomes independent of the conditioned stimulus


pos: n
definition:
recall that is hypothesized to work by storing abstract features which are then used to construct the memory during recall


pos: n
definition:
recall that is hypothesized to work by storing the original stimulus input and reproducing it during recall


pos: n
definition:
the abstract separation of a whole into its constituent parts in order to study the parts and their relations


pos: n
definition:
a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning


pos: n
definition:
the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation


pos: n
definition:
divination by means of signs connected with the earth (as points taken at random or the arrangement of particles thrown down at random or from the configuration of a region and its relation to another)


pos: n
definition:
the act of presupposing; a supposition made prior to having knowledge (as for the purpose of argument)


pos: n
definition:
an inference about the future (or about some hypothetical situation) based on known facts and observations


pos: n
definition:
analysis of a problem into alternative possibilities followed by the systematic rejection of unacceptable alternatives


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) the resolution of an entity into factors such that when multiplied together they give the original entity


pos: n
definition:
continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature


pos: n
definition:
literally, the contemplation of one's navel, which is an idiom usually meaning complacent self-absorption


pos: n
definition:
decision making by a group (especially in a manner that discourages creativity or individual responsibility)


pos: n
definition:
(law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature)


pos: n
definition:
(law) thought and intention to commit a crime well in advance of the crime; goes to show criminal intent


pos: n
definition:
the procedure that is varied in order to estimate a variable's effect by comparison with a control condition


pos: n
definition:
an estimate, based on previous dealings, of a person's or an organization's ability to fulfill their financial commitments


pos: n
definition:
an ability to understand the meaning or importance of something (or the knowledge acquired as a result)


pos: n
definition:
the topic that a person, committee, or piece of research is expected to deal with or has authority to deal with


pos: n
definition:
a piece of stored information that is used to identify an item in an information storage and retrieval system


pos: n
definition:
(reduction to the absurd) a disproof by showing that the consequences of the proposition are absurd; or a proof of a proposition by showing that its negation leads to a contradiction


pos: n
definition:
a digit representing the sum of the digits in an instance of digital data; used to check whether errors have occurred in transmission or storage


pos: n
definition:
(law) a broad legal concept including anything that disturbs the reasonable use of your property or endangers life and health or is offensive


pos: n
definition:
a style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries; characterized by slender vertical piers and counterbalancing buttresses and by vaulting and pointed arches


pos: n
definition:
a style of architecture developed in Italy and western Europe between the Roman and the Gothic styles after 1000 AD; characterized by round arches and vaults and by the substitution of piers for columns and profuse ornament and arcades


pos: n
definition:
a Gothic style in 14th and 15th century England; characterized by vertical lines and a four-centered (Tudor) arch and fan vaulting


pos: n
definition:
a style of architecture common in Spain from the 13th to 16th centuries; characterized by horseshoe-shaped arches


pos: n
definition:
an algorithm for removing inflectional and derivational endings in order to reduce word forms to a common stem


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) an expression such that each term is generated by repeating a particular mathematical operation


pos: n
definition:
(linguistics) a distinctive characteristic of a linguistic unit that serves to distinguish it from other units of the same kind


pos: n
definition:
a feature (quantity or property or function) that remains unchanged when a particular transformation is applied to it


pos: n
definition:
something that is conceived or that exists independently and not in relation to other things; something that does not depend on anything else and is beyond human control; something that is not relative


pos: n
definition:
the concept that something has a magnitude and can be represented in mathematical expressions by a constant or a variable


pos: n
definition:
(physics) the smallest discrete quantity of some physical property that a system can possess (according to quantum theory)


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) any number such that a given square matrix minus that number times the identity matrix has a zero determinant


pos: n
definition:
a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variable


pos: n
definition:
a quantity (such as the mean or variance) that characterizes a statistical population and that can be estimated by calculations from sample data


pos: n
definition:
(physics) a point in the ideal multidimensional phase space that is used to describe a system toward which the system tends to evolve regardless of the starting conditions of the system


pos: n
definition:
(shipbuilding) the point of intersection between two vertical lines, one line through the center of buoyancy of the hull of a ship in equilibrium and the other line through the center of buoyancy of the hull when the ship is inclined to one side; the distance of this intersection above the center of gravity is an indication of the stability of the ship


pos: n
definition:
one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole


pos: n
definition:
a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society


pos: n
definition:
a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena


pos: n
definition:
a hypothesis that has been formed by speculating or conjecturing (usually with little hard evidence)


pos: n
definition:
(psychiatry) an abnormal absorption with the self; marked by communication disorders and short attention span and inability to treat others as people


pos: n
definition:
an (apparently) flying object whose nature is unknown; especially those considered to have extraterrestrial origins


pos: n
definition:
the federal government's program to locate and investigate and clean up the worst uncontrolled and abandoned toxic waste sites nationwide; administered by the Environmental Protection Agency


pos: n
definition:
the legal system that allows an accused person to be temporarily released from custody (usually on condition that a sum of money guarantees their appearance at trial)


pos: n
definition:
a training program in which a person is given information about physiological processes (heart rate or blood pressure) that is not normally available with the goal of gaining conscious control of them


pos: n
definition:
a retirement plan that allows you to contribute a limited yearly sum toward your retirement; taxes on the interest earned in the account are deferred


pos: n
definition:
a program under which employees regularly accumulate shares and may ultimately assume control of the company


pos: n
definition:
a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct


pos: n
definition:
the second pillar of Islam is prayer; a prescribed liturgy performed five times a day (preferably in a mosque) and oriented toward Mecca


pos: n
definition:
the third pillar of Islam is fasting (primarily during the month of Ramadan); Muslims abstain from food and drink and gambling and all sensuous pleasures from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan


pos: n
definition:
the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Hijja; at least once in a lifetime a Muslim is expected to make a religious journey to Mecca and the Kaaba


pos: n
definition:
the most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression; the class of objects that an expression refers to


pos: n
definition:
(psychoanalysis) parental figures (and their values) that you introjected as a child; the voice of conscience is usually a parent's voice internalized


pos: n
definition:
a person or thing represented or foreshadowed by a type or symbol; especially a figure in the Old Testament having a counterpart in the New Testament


pos: n
definition:
an internal representation of the world; an organization of concepts and actions that can be revised by new information about the world


pos: n
definition:
a unitary percept having structure and coherence that is the object of attention and that stands out against a ground


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) a geometric pattern that is repeated at every scale and so cannot be represented by classical geometry


pos: n
definition:
a configuration or pattern of elements so unified as a whole that it cannot be described merely as a sum of its parts


pos: n
definition:
the religious belief that God cannot be known but is completely `other' and must be described in negative terms (in terms of what God is not)


pos: n
definition:
the religious belief that God has given enough clues to be known to humans positively and affirmatively (e.g., God created Adam `in his own image')


pos: n
definition:
the religious belief that between creature and creator no similarity can be found so great but that the dissimilarity is always greater; any analogy between God and humans will always be inadequate


pos: n
definition:
the belief that the United States Constitution should be interpreted in the way the authors originally intended it


pos: n
definition:
a form of religious mysticism requiring withdrawal from all human effort and passive contemplation of God


pos: n
definition:
a prejudice (especially in Polynesia and other South Pacific islands) that prohibits the use or mention of something because of its sacred nature


pos: n
definition:
the belief that the spirits of dead people can communicate with people who are still alive (especially via a medium)


pos: n
definition:
a system of beliefs and practices based on the philosophy of Rudolf Steiner; it claims to integrate the practical and psychological in child-centered education


pos: n
definition:
an esoteric theosophy of rabbinical origin based on the Hebrew scriptures and developed between the 7th and 18th centuries


pos: n
definition:
beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something)


pos: n
definition:
the principles of a body of 19th century English reformers who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people


pos: n
definition:
the judicial principle asserting the supremacy of federal over state legislation on the same subject


pos: n
definition:
(law) the principle that an act done at a later time is deemed by law to have occurred at an earlier time


pos: n
definition:
the doctrine that through renunciation of worldly pleasures it is possible to achieve a high spiritual or intellectual state


pos: n
definition:
any doctrine emphasizing the importance of the context in solving problems or establishing the meaning of terms


pos: n
definition:
the doctrine that reality consists of two basic opposing elements, often taken to be mind and matter (or mind and body), or good and evil


pos: n
definition:
any of the various theories or doctrines or philosophical systems that attempt to explain the phenomena of the universe in terms of some immanent force or energy


pos: n
definition:
a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence


pos: n
definition:
the doctrine that nations should cooperate because their common interests are more important than their differences


pos: n
definition:
the doctrine that nations should conduct their foreign affairs individualistically without the advice or involvement of other nations


pos: n
definition:
the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related


pos: n
definition:
the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group


pos: n
definition:
the doctrine that several different cultures (rather than one national culture) can coexist peacefully and equitably in a single country


pos: n
definition:
the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite


pos: n
definition:
(theology) being determined in advance; especially the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the final salvation of mankind)


pos: n
definition:
the doctrine that the Scripture prophecies of the Apocalypse (as in the Book of Revelations) are presently in the course of being fulfilled


pos: n
definition:
the predestination of some individuals as objects of divine mercy (especially as conceived by Calvinists)


pos: n
definition:
the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason; rejects religion and the supernatural


pos: n
definition:
the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality


pos: n
definition:
(philosophy) the philosophy of Aristotle that deals with logic and metaphysics and ethics and poetics and politics and natural science


pos: n
definition:
the doctrine that the application of a general term to various objects indicates the existence of a mental entity that mediates the application


pos: n
definition:
the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity; high value given to learning and to devotion to family (including ancestors); peace; justice; influenced the traditional culture of China


pos: n
definition:
a philosophical theory of criticism (usually of literature or film) that seeks to expose deep-seated contradictions in a work by delving below its surface meaning


pos: n
definition:
the philosophical doctrine that environment is more important than heredity in determining intellectual growth


pos: n
definition:
(philosophy) a 20th-century philosophical movement chiefly in Europe; assumes that people are entirely free and thus responsible for what they make of themselves


pos: n
definition:
(philosophy) a philosophical theory holding that all events are inevitable consequences of antecedent sufficient causes; often understood as denying the possibility of free will


pos: n
definition:
a philosophical doctrine holding that all events are predetermined in advance for all time and human beings are powerless to change them


pos: n
definition:
(philosophy) the philosophical theory that formal (logical or mathematical) statements have no meaning but that its symbols (regarded as physical entities) exhibit a form that has useful applications


pos: n
definition:
the philosophical doctrine that heredity is more important than environment in determining intellectual growth


pos: n
definition:
(philosophy) the philosophical theory that all phenomena can be explained in terms of physical or biological causes


pos: n
definition:
(philosophy) a doctrine that mind is the true reality and that objects exist only as aspects of the mind's awareness


pos: n
definition:
(philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations


pos: n
definition:
a system of philosophical and theological doctrines composed of elements of Platonism and Aristotelianism and oriental mysticism; its most distinctive doctrine holds that the first principle and source of reality transcends being and thought and is naturally unknowable


pos: n
definition:
(philosophy) the doctrine that the various objects labeled by the same term have nothing in common but their name


pos: n
definition:
(philosophy) the doctrine that the meaning of a proposition consists of the operations involved in proving or applying it


pos: n
definition:
(philosophy) the doctrine that practical consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value


pos: n
definition:
a system of pragmatic philosophy that considers idea to be instruments that should guide our actions and their value is measured by their success


pos: n
definition:
(philosophy) the doctrine that (since certainty is unattainable) probability is a sufficient basis for belief and action


pos: n
definition:
(philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involved


pos: n
definition:
(philosophy) the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno


pos: n
definition:
(philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge and value are dependent on and limited by your subjective experience


pos: n
definition:
philosophical system developed by Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events


pos: n
definition:
the doctrine that all knowledge was originally derived by divine revelation and that it is transmitted by traditions


pos: n
definition:
the belief in magical spells that harness occult forces or evil spirits to produce unnatural effects in the world


pos: n
definition:
the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it


pos: n
definition:
a cultural unit (an idea or value or pattern of behavior) that is passed from one person to another by non-genetic means (as by imitation)


pos: n
definition:
a policy of creating strategic alliances in order to check the expansion of a hostile power or ideology or to force it to negotiate peacefully


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) the policy that the absolute authority of the church should be vested in the pope


pos: n
definition:
a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena


pos: n
definition:
(geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest


pos: n
definition:
(physiology) the principle that specific functions have relatively circumscribed locations in some particular part or organ of the body


pos: n
definition:
a theory (popular in the 18th century and now discredited) that an individual develops by simple enlargement of a tiny fully formed organism (a homunculus) that exists in the germ cell


pos: n
definition:
the form of empiricism that bases all knowledge on perceptual experience (not on intuition or revelation)


pos: n
definition:
Auguste Comte's positivistic philosophy that metaphysics and theology should be replaced by a hierarchy of sciences from mathematics at the base to sociology at the top


pos: n
definition:
theory that the total organization of an organism rather than the functioning of individual organs is the determinant of life processes


pos: n
definition:
the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes who advocated government monetary and fiscal programs intended to stimulate business activity and increase employment


pos: n
definition:
an economic theory holding that variations in unemployment and the rate of inflation are usually caused by changes in the supply of money


pos: n
definition:
the discipline that studies the principles of transmiting information and the methods by which it is delivered (as print or radio or television etc.)


pos: n
definition:
the scientific study of documents and handwriting etc. especially to determine authorship or authenticity


pos: n
definition:
a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement


pos: n
definition:
a trigonometric method of determining the position of a fixed point from the angles to it from two fixed points a known distance apart; useful in navigation


pos: n
definition:
the branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and with the differentiation and integration of functions


pos: n
definition:
a branch of mathematics involving calculus and the theory of limits; sequences and series and integration and differentiation


pos: n
definition:
the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx


pos: n
definition:
the derivative of a function of two or more variables with respect to a single variable while the other variables are considered to be constant


pos: n
definition:
the branch of pure mathematics that deals only with the properties of a figure X that hold for every figure into which X can be transformed with a one-to-one correspondence that is continuous in both directions


pos: n
definition:
a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters


pos: n
definition:
a statistic characterizing human populations (or segments of human populations broken down by age or sex or income etc.)


pos: n
definition:
the n-th moment of a distribution is the expected value of the n-th power of the deviations from a fixed value


pos: n
definition:
an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n


pos: n
definition:
the second moment around the mean; the expected value of the square of the deviations of a random variable from its mean value


pos: n
definition:
(statistics) the mean value of the product of the deviations of two variates from their respective means


pos: n
definition:
the relation between selected values of x and observed values of y (from which the most probable value of y can be predicted for any value of x)


pos: n
definition:
a statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means; a statistical method that yields values that can be tested to determine whether a significant relation exists between variables


pos: n
definition:
a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the other


pos: n
definition:
a statistic representing how closely two variables co-vary; it can vary from -1 (perfect negative correlation) through 0 (no correlation) to +1 (perfect positive correlation)


pos: n
definition:
a branch of biology that studies biological phenomena and observations by means of statistical analysis


pos: n
definition:
the study of the whorls and loops and arches in the fingertips and on the palms of the hand and the soles of the feet


pos: n
definition:
the study of methods of improving genetic qualities by selective breeding (especially as applied to human mating)


pos: n
definition:
the study of methods of improving human well-being and efficient functioning by improving environmental conditions


pos: n
definition:
the branch of medical science that studies the ability of organisms to withstand environmental stress (as in space travel)


pos: n
definition:
the branch of medical science that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice


pos: n
definition:
the branch of dentistry dealing with the replacement of teeth and related mouth or jaw structures by artificial devices


pos: n
definition:
the field of chemistry concerned with chemical processes in immunology (such as chemical studies of antigens and antibodies)


pos: n
definition:
the branch of medicine concerned with the kidney - its development and anatomy and physiology and disorders


pos: n
definition:
the branch of obstetrics concerned with the anatomy and physiology and diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the mother and the fetus or newborn baby during late pregnancy and childbirth and the puerperium


pos: n
definition:
the study of the action of drugs in the body: method and rate of excretion; duration of effect; etc.


pos: n
definition:
the study of anatomy based on regions or divisions of the body and emphasizing the relations between various structures (muscles and nerves and arteries etc.) in that region


pos: n
definition:
that branch of pediatric medicine concerned with the newborn; the diagnosis and treatment of neonates


pos: n
definition:
the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the colon or rectum or anus


pos: n
definition:
the branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of pathologies of the muscles or tendons or joints


pos: n
definition:
the branch of medicine that deals with the surgical repair of injuries and wounds arising from accidents


pos: n
definition:
the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the urinary tract or urogenital system


pos: n
definition:
the branch of biology that studies the effects of low temperatures on living tissues or organs or organisms


pos: n
definition:
the freezing of a seriously ill or recently deceased person to stop tissues from decomposing; the body is preserved until new medical cures are developed that might bring the person back to life


pos: n
definition:
the branch of biology concerned with the effects of outer space on living organisms and the search for extraterrestrial life


pos: n
definition:
the branch of zoology that studies eggs (especially birds' eggs and their size, shape, coloration, and number)


pos: n
definition:
the branch of biology that deals with the anatomy and physiology and pathology of the nervous system


pos: n
definition:
a branch of paleontology that deals with the origin and growth and structure of fossil animals and plants as living organisms


pos: n
definition:
the branch of genetics that studies the genetically determined variations in responses to drugs in humans or laboratory organisms


pos: n
definition:
the branch of biology concerned with the development of malformations or serious deviations from the normal type of organism


pos: n
definition:
the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occurring in organisms; the effort to understand biology within the context of chemistry


pos: n
definition:
the branch of biology that conducts comparative studies of the social organization of animals (including human beings) with regard to its evolutionary history


pos: n
definition:
the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions


pos: n
definition:
branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of electricity and the production of electricity by chemical reactions


pos: n
definition:
the branch of chemistry that studies elementary (often very fast) chemical reactions as they occur; the experimental methods are often based on the use of femtosecond laser pulses


pos: n
definition:
the branch of astronomy that deals with the measurement of the position and motion of celestial bodies


pos: n
definition:
the branch of physics that deals with the emission and effects of electrons and with the use of electronic devices


pos: n
definition:
the branch of optics that deals with the use of coherent light from a laser in order to make a hologram that can then be used to create a three-dimensional image


pos: n
definition:
a quantum of energy (in a crystal lattice or other system) that has position and momentum and can in some respects be regarded as a particle


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) any theory in which all matter is composed of tiny discrete finite indivisible indestructible particles


pos: n
definition:
the theory that the parts of any whole cannot exist and cannot be understood except in their relation to the whole


pos: n
definition:
(physics) the maintenance of a certain quantities unchanged during chemical reactions or physical transformations


pos: n
definition:
(physics) parity is conserved in a universe in which the laws of physics are the same in a right-handed system of coordinates as in a left-handed system


pos: n
definition:
a theory of organic evolution claiming that new species arise and are perpetuated by natural selection


pos: n
definition:
the branch of chemistry that studies the relation between chemical action and the amount of heat absorbed or generated


pos: n
definition:
a relativistic quantum theory of the electromagnetic interactions of photons and electrons and muons


pos: n
definition:
a theory of strong interactions between elementary particles (including the interaction that binds protons and neutrons in the nucleus); it assumes that strongly interacting particles (hadrons) are made of quarks and that gluons bind the quarks together


pos: n
definition:
the study of the interaction of magnetic fields and electrically conducting fluids (as plasma or molten metal)


pos: n
definition:
the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of gases (especially air) and their effects on bodies in the flow


pos: n
definition:
the scientific study of the earth's configuration above sea level (emphasizing the measurement of land altitudes relative to sea level)


pos: n
definition:
the branch of geology that studies the characteristics and configuration and evolution of rocks and land forms


pos: n
definition:
the branch of geology that studies water on the earth and in the atmosphere: its distribution and uses and conservation


pos: n
definition:
the science of the measurement and description and mapping of the surface waters of the earth with special reference to navigation


pos: n
definition:
the scientific study of bodies of fresh water for their biological and physical and geological properties


pos: n
definition:
the branch of geology that studies the shape of the earth and the determination of the exact position of geographical points


pos: n
definition:
the branch of geology that studies minerals: their structure and properties and the ways of distinguishing them


pos: n
definition:
the branch of geology that studies rocks: their origin and formation and mineral composition and classification


pos: n
definition:
study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation


pos: n
definition:
topographic study of a given place (especially the history of the place as indicated by its topography)


pos: n
definition:
the science that maps the general features of the universe; describes both heaven and earth (but without encroaching on geography or astronomy)


pos: n
definition:
the discipline dealing with the principles of design and construction and ornamentation of fine buildings


pos: n
definition:
the discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems


pos: n
definition:
application of biological principles to the study and design of engineering systems (especially electronic systems)


pos: n
definition:
the branch of engineering science in which biological science is used to study the relation between workers and their environments


pos: n
definition:
the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes


pos: n
definition:
the branch of engineering science that studies the uses of electricity and the equipment for power generation and distribution and the control of machines and communication


pos: n
definition:
(often plural) the branch of electrical engineering concerned with the technology of electronic communication at a distance


pos: n
definition:
the branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures


pos: n
definition:
the system of operations performed by a computer that underlies the machine's representation of logical operations


pos: n
definition:
the branch of computer science that deal with writing computer programs that can solve problems creatively


pos: n
definition:
the branch of engineering that deals with the use of computers and telecommunications to retrieve and store and transmit information


pos: n
definition:
the branch of engineering that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers (especially with the manipulation of individual molecules)


pos: n
definition:
the branch of engineering that deals with the interaction of surfaces in relative motion (as in bearings or gears): their design and friction and wear and lubrication


pos: n
definition:
(psychology) a theory that reduces all mental phenomena to simple elements (sensations and feelings) that form complex ideas by association


pos: n
definition:
the branch of psychology concerned with quantitative relations between physical stimuli and their psychological effects


pos: n
definition:
a psychology based on the assumption that all mental process are useful to an organism in adapting to the environment


pos: n
definition:
the branch of cognitive psychology that studies the psychological basis of linguistic competence and performance


pos: n
definition:
the branch of social psychology that deals with the processes and emotions that determine psychology and motivation


pos: n
definition:
the sciences concerned with gathering, manipulating, storing, retrieving, and classifying recorded information


pos: n
definition:
(biology) the field of science concerned with processes of communication and control (especially the comparison of these processes in biological and artificial systems)


pos: n
definition:
the branch of anthropology that deals with the division of humankind into races and with their origins and distribution and distinctive characteristics


pos: n
definition:
the branch of physical anthropology dealing with the study and measurement of dry skulls after removal of its soft parts


pos: n
definition:
the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management


pos: n
definition:
use of data (e.g. cytogenetic or biochemical) to assess taxonomic relations especially within an evolutionary framework


pos: n
definition:
a system of biological taxonomy based on the quantitative analysis of comparative data and used to reconstruct cladograms summarizing the (assumed) phylogenetic relations and evolutionary history of groups of organisms


pos: n
definition:
studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)


pos: n
definition:
revival of a classical style (in art or literature or architecture or music) but from a new perspective or with a new motivation


pos: n
definition:
a movement in literature and art during the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe that favored rationality and restraint and strict forms


pos: n
definition:
a movement in literature and art during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that celebrated nature rather than civilization


pos: n
definition:
the branch of art history that studies visual images and their symbolic meaning (especially in social or political terms)


pos: n
definition:
an ethical system that evaluates actions by reference to personal well-being through a life based on reason


pos: n
definition:
a Roman Catholic system of casuistry that when expert opinions differ an actor can follow any solidly probable opinion that he wishes even though some different opinion might be more probable


pos: n
definition:
(art) the branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste (emphasizing the evaluative criteria that are applied to art)


pos: n
definition:
the branch of philosophy concerned with the law and the principles that lead courts to make the decisions they do


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a rigorous and exhaustive organization of some knowledge domain that is usually hierarchical and contains all the relevant entities and their relations


pos: n
definition:
a limitation imposed on the variables of a proposition (as by the quantifiers `some' or `all' or `no')


pos: n
definition:
the branch of philosophy that analyzes the principles and procedures of inquiry in a particular discipline


pos: n
definition:
a philosophical doctrine proposed by Edmund Husserl based on the study of human experience in which considerations of objective reality are not taken into account


pos: n
definition:
an anthropological theory that there are unobservable social structures that generate observable social phenomena


pos: n
definition:
the humanistic discipline that attempts to reconstruct the transmission of a text (especially a text in manuscript form) on the basis of relations between the various surviving manuscripts (sometimes using cladistic analysis)


pos: n
definition:
(Middle Ages) an introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving grammar and logic and rhetoric; considered to be a triple way to eloquence


pos: n
definition:
(Middle Ages) a higher division of the curriculum in a medieval university involving arithmetic and music and geometry and astronomy


pos: n
definition:
the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)


pos: n
definition:
a term formerly used for the part of phonology that dealt with the `correct' pronunciation of words and its relation to `correct' orthography


pos: n
definition:
the branch of acoustics concerned with speech processes including its production and perception and acoustic analysis


pos: n
definition:
the study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes


pos: n
definition:
the branch of linguistics that studies the relation between language and the structure and function of the nervous system


pos: n
definition:
a statistical technique used in glottochronology; used to estimate how long ago different languages evolved from a common source language


pos: n
definition:
the function of pointing or specifying from the perspective of a participant in an act of speech or writing; aspects of a communication whose interpretation depends on knowledge of the context in which the communication occurs


pos: n
definition:
the rational and systematic study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth


pos: n
definition:
the branch of theology that is concerned with such final things as death and Last Judgment; Heaven and Hell; the ultimate destiny of humankind


pos: n
definition:
the states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress


pos: n
definition:
the theological doctrine that by faith and God's grace a Christian is freed from all laws (including the moral standards of the culture)


pos: n
definition:
the comprehensive theological doctrine created by Saint Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century and still taught by the Dominicans


pos: n
definition:
doctrine that the useful is the good; especially as elaborated by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill; the aim was said to be the greatest happiness for the greatest number


pos: n
definition:
the theological doctrine taught by Athanasius that Christ the Son is of the same substance as God the Father


pos: n
definition:
the doctrine of the High Anglican Church that after the consecration of the Eucharist the substance of the body and blood of Christ coexists with the substance of the consecrated bread and wine


pos: n
definition:
the Roman Catholic doctrine of Cornelis Jansen and his disciples; salvation is limited to those who are subject to supernatural determinism and the rest are assigned to perdition


pos: n
definition:
the Christian heresy of the 2nd and 3rd centuries that rejected the Old Testament and denied the incarnation of God in Jesus as a human


pos: n
definition:
a Christian heresy of the 5th and 6th centuries that challenged the orthodox definition of the two natures (human and divine) in Jesus and instead believed there was a single divine nature


pos: n
definition:
the theological doctrine that Christ had only one will even though he had two natures (human and divine); condemned as heretical in the Third Council of Constantinople


pos: n
definition:
the theological doctrine (named after Nestorius) that Christ is both the son of God and the man Jesus (which is opposed to Roman Catholic doctrine that Christ is fully God)


pos: n
definition:
the theological doctrine put forward by Pelagius which denied original sin and affirmed the ability of humans to be righteous; condemned as heresy by the Council of Ephesus in 431


pos: n
definition:
the theological doctrine of the Society of Friends characterized by opposition to war and rejection of ritual and a formal creed and an ordained ministry


pos: n
definition:
the theological doctrine that human reason rather than divine revelation establishes religious truth


pos: n
definition:
the Hindu or Buddhist doctrine that a person may be reborn successively into one of five classes of living beings (god or human or animal or hungry ghost or denizen of Hell) depending on the person's own actions


pos: n
definition:
the theological doctrine that venerates the rose and the cross as symbols of Christ's Resurrection and redemption; claims various occult powers


pos: n
definition:
the Roman Catholic doctrine that the whole substance of the bread and the wine changes into the substance of the body and blood of Christ when consecrated in the Eucharist


pos: n
definition:
the theological doctrine that Jesus Christ had no human father; Christians believe that Jesus's birth fulfilled Old Testament prophecies and was attended by miracles; the Nativity is celebrated at Christmas


pos: n
definition:
a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways


pos: n
definition:
a submissive mental attitude resulting from acceptance of the doctrine that everything that happens is predetermined and inevitable


pos: n
definition:
a habitual or characteristic mental attitude that determines how you will interpret and respond to situations


pos: n
definition:
the attitude (of a person or a government) that subordinates should be controlled in a fatherly way for their own good


pos: n
definition:
an evolutionary trend to be born earlier so that development is cut off at an earlier stage and juvenile characteristics are retained in adults of the species


pos: n
definition:
the tendency, in Protestantism, to separate into religious denominations or to advocate such separations


pos: n
definition:
the political doctrine of Machiavelli: any means (however unscrupulous) can be used by a ruler in order to create and maintain his autocratic government


pos: n
definition:
a political philosophy of avoiding the extremes of left and right by taking a moderate position or course of action


pos: n
definition:
the political and economic theories of Lenin which provided the guiding doctrine of the Soviet Union; the modification of Marxism by Lenin stressed that imperialism is the highest form of capitalism (which shifts the struggle from developed to underdeveloped countries)


pos: n
definition:
the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism


pos: n
definition:
the form of communism advocated by Leon Trotsky; calls for immediate worldwide revolution by the proletariat


pos: n
definition:
a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes


pos: n
definition:
an approach to politics or theology that represents a return to a traditional point of view (in contrast to more liberal or radical schools of thought of the 1960s)


pos: n
definition:
the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives


pos: n
definition:
a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)


pos: n
definition:
a political orientation that favors social progress by reform and by changing laws rather than by revolution


pos: n
definition:
the belief that rulers should be chosen for their superior abilities and not because of their wealth or birth


pos: n
definition:
a political orientation originating in the 1960s; blends liberal political views with an emphasis on economic growth


pos: n
definition:
an ideological position that holds Black culture to be independent and valid on its own terms; an affirmation of the African cultural heritage


pos: n
definition:
the political orientation of those who favor progress toward better conditions in government and society


pos: n
definition:
the ideology of the most radical element of the French Revolution that instituted the Reign of Terror


pos: n
definition:
the political orientation of a Utopian who believes in impossibly idealistic schemes of social perfection


pos: n
definition:
a political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests


pos: n
definition:
the heretical doctrine (associated with the Gnostics) that Jesus had no human body and his sufferings and death on the cross were apparent rather than real


pos: n
definition:
a religious orientation advocating gnosis as the way to release a person's spiritual element; considered heresy by Christian churches


pos: n
definition:
a Gnostic religion originating the 2nd and 3rd centuries that believes John the Baptist was the Messiah and that incorporates Jewish and Christian elements into a framework of dualistic beliefs


pos: n
definition:
the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation


pos: n
definition:
(Christianity) the heretical belief that the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit are three separate gods


pos: n
definition:
the doctrine or belief that God is the universe and its phenomena (taken or conceived of as a whole) or the doctrine that regards the universe as a manifestation of God


pos: n
definition:
a Brazilian religious cult of African origin; combines voodoo elements with singing and chanting and dancing


pos: n
definition:
a religious belief of African origin involving witchcraft and sorcery; practiced in parts of the West Indies and tropical Americas


pos: n
definition:
a religious cult based on a belief that Ras Tafari (Haile Selassie) is the Messiah and that Africa (especially Ethiopia) is the Promised Land


pos: n
definition:
a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior


pos: n
definition:
a Christian movement considered to be a medieval descendant of Manichaeism in southern France in the 12th and 13th centuries; characterized by dualism (asserted the coexistence of two mutually opposed principles, one good and one evil); was exterminated for heresy during the Inquisition


pos: n
definition:
a schismatic Christian religion in northern Africa from the 4th to the 7th century; held that only those who led a blameless life belonged in the church or could administer the sacraments


pos: n
definition:
the theological system of any of the churches of western Christendom that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation


pos: n
definition:
principles of the founders of the Oxford movement as expounded in pamphlets called `Tracts for the Times'


pos: n
definition:
17th century theology (named after its founder Jacobus Arminius) that opposes the absolute predestinarianism of John Calvin and holds that human free will is compatible with God's sovereignty


pos: n
definition:
the theological system of John Calvin and his followers emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone


pos: n
definition:
system of beliefs and church government of a Protestant denomination in which each member church is self-governing


pos: n
definition:
system of beliefs and practices including belief in scriptural authority; plain dress; adult baptism; foot washing; restriction of marriage to members of the group


pos: n
definition:
the religious beliefs and practices of Methodists characterized by concern with social welfare and public morals


pos: n
definition:
a Protestant movement in the 16th century that believed in the primacy of the Bible, baptised only believers, not infants, and believed in complete separation of church and state


pos: n
definition:
the principles and practices of Pentecostal religious groups; characterized by religious excitement and talking in tongues


pos: n
definition:
the beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects)


pos: n
definition:
the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud


pos: n
definition:
a form of Hasidism practiced by Lithuanian and Russian Jews under communist rule; the beliefs and practices of the Lubavitch movement


pos: n
definition:
the monotheistic religious system of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran


pos: n
definition:
a militant group of extremist Sunnis who believe themselves the only correct interpreters of the Koran and consider moderate Muslims to be infidels; seek to convert all Muslims and to insure that its own fundamentalist version of Islam will dominate the world


pos: n
definition:
the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs


pos: n
definition:
a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and based on a caste system; it is characterized by a belief in reincarnation, by a belief in a supreme being of many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a desire for liberation from earthly evils


pos: n
definition:
the religious beliefs of ancient India as prescribed in the sacred Vedas and Brahmanas and Upanishads


pos: n
definition:
(from the Sanskrit word for `to see') one of six orthodox philosophical systems or viewpoints on the nature of reality and the release from bondage to karma


pos: n
definition:
(from the Sanskrit word for `reflection' or `interpretation') one of six orthodox philosophical systems or viewpoints on ritual traditions rooted in the Vedas and the Brahmanas as opposed to Vedanta which relies mostly on the Upanishads


pos: n
definition:
(from the Sanskrit for `end of the Veda') one of six orthodox philosophical systems or viewpoints rooted in the Upanishads as opposed to Mimamsa which relies on the Vedas and Brahmanas


pos: n
definition:
Hindu discipline aimed at training the consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquility that is achieved through the three paths of actions and knowledge and devotion


pos: n
definition:
religion founded in the 6th century BC as a revolt against Hinduism; emphasizes asceticism and immortality and transmigration of the soul; denies existence of a perfect or supreme being


pos: n
definition:
the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam


pos: n
definition:
the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth


pos: n
definition:
one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing a common search for universal salvation especially through faith alone; the dominant religion of China and Tibet and Japan


pos: n
definition:
one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing personal salvation through your own efforts; a conservative form of Buddhism that adheres to Pali scriptures and the non-theistic ideal of self purification to nirvana; the dominant religion of Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and Myanmar (Burma) and Thailand and Laos and Cambodia


pos: n
definition:
an offensive name for the early conservative Theravada Buddhism; it died out in India but survived in Sri Lanka and was taken from there to other regions of southwestern Asia


pos: n
definition:
a Buddhist doctrine that includes elements from India that are not Buddhist and elements of preexisting shamanism


pos: n
definition:
a form of Buddhism emphasizing mystical symbolism of mantras and mudras and the Buddha's ideal which is inexpressible


pos: n
definition:
doctrine of enlightenment as the realization of the oneness of one's self and the visible world; combines elements of Hinduism and paganism including magical and mystical elements like mantras and mudras and erotic rites; especially influential in Tibet


pos: n
definition:
one of the main traditions of Mahayana Buddhism; holds that the mind is real but that objects are just ideas or states of consciousness


pos: n
definition:
popular Chinese philosophical system based in teachings of Lao-tzu but characterized by a pantheism of many gods and the practices of alchemy and divination and magic


pos: n
definition:
the ancient indigenous religion of Japan lacking formal dogma; characterized by a veneration of nature spirits and of ancestors


pos: n
definition:
a religion founded by Manes in the third century; a synthesis of Zoroastrian dualism between light and dark and Babylonian folklore and Buddhist ethics and superficial elements of Christianity; spread widely in the Roman Empire but had largely died out by 1000


pos: n
definition:
system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster; set forth in the Zend-Avesta; based on concept of struggle between light (good) and dark (evil)


pos: n
definition:
a religion founded in Iran in 1863; emphasizes the spiritual unity of all humankind; incorporates Christian and Islamic tenets; many adherents live in the United States


pos: n
definition:
an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans


pos: n
definition:
any animistic religion similar to Asian shamanism (especially as practiced by certain Native American tribes)


pos: n
definition:
the form of Hinduism that revolves primarily around the mythic version and ritual ideologies in the Vedas


pos: n
definition:
the polytheistic nature religion of modern witchcraft whose central deity is a mother goddess; claims origins in pre-Christian pagan religions of western Europe


pos: n
definition:
a religious cult practiced chiefly in Caribbean countries (especially Haiti); involves witchcraft and animistic deities


pos: n
definition:
the conviction that people should participate in sports as a hobby (for the fun of it) rather than for money


pos: n
definition:
(psychoanalysis) an unconscious process whereby two ideas or images combine into a single symbol; especially in dreams


pos: n
definition:
(psychoanalysis) the process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another; during psychoanalysis the displacement of feelings toward others (usually the parents) is onto the analyst


pos: n
definition:
the psychoanalyst's displacement of emotion onto the patient or more generally the psychoanalyst's emotional involvement in the therapeutic interaction


pos: n
definition:
the branch of military science dealing with detailed maneuvers to achieve objectives set by strategy


pos: n
definition:
a Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive incomplete objects as complete and to close or fill gaps and to perceive asymmetric stimuli as symmetric


pos: n
definition:
a Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive a line as continuing its established direction


pos: n
definition:
a Gestalt principle of organization holding that (other things being equal) objects or events that are near to one another (in space or time) are perceived as belonging together as a unit


pos: n
definition:
a Gestalt principle of organization holding that (other things being equal) parts of a stimulus field that are similar to each other tend to be perceived as belonging together as a unit


pos: n
definition:
a heretical Zoroastrian doctrine holding that Zurvan was the ultimate source of the universe and that both Ahura Mazda and Ahriman were Zurvan's offspring


pos: n
definition:
a medium that was once supposed to fill all space and to support the propagation of electromagnetic waves


pos: n
definition:
a sheet with several pages printed on it; it folds to page size and is bound with other signatures to form a book


pos: n
definition:
one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains


pos: n
definition:
a sheet of paper with multiple columns; used by an accountant to assemble figures for financial statements


pos: n
definition:
a multimedia system in which related items of information are connected and can be presented together


pos: n
definition:
machine-readable text that is not sequential but is organized so that related items of information are connected


pos: n
definition:
the print media responsible for gathering and publishing news in the form of newspapers or magazines


pos: n
definition:
a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale


pos: n
definition:
a computerized system for answering and routing telephone calls; telephone messages can be recorded and stored and relayed


pos: n
definition:
a television system that has more than the usual number of lines per frame so its pictures show more detail


pos: n
definition:
a means of digital communications that is capable of very high speeds; suitable for transmission of images or voice or video as well as data


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a system of world-wide electronic communication in which a computer user can compose a message at one terminal that can be regenerated at the recipient's terminal when the recipient logs in


pos: n
definition:
a representation of a facial expression (as a smile or frown) created by typing a sequence of characters in sending email


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a symbol that appears on the computer screen to indicate that the computer is ready to receive a command


pos: n
definition:
(electronics) the transmission of a signal by using it to vary a carrier wave; changing the carrier's amplitude or frequency or phase


pos: n
definition:
a position in a grammatical linguistic construction in which a variety of alternative units are interchangeable


pos: n
definition:
a word (such as a pronoun) used to avoid repetition; the referent of an anaphor is determined by its antecedent


pos: n
definition:
a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other


pos: n
definition:
a word specifying identity or spatial or temporal location from the perspective of a speaker or hearer in the context in which the communication occurs


pos: n
definition:
the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something


pos: n
definition:
a word printed at the top of the page of a dictionary or other reference book to indicate the first or last item on that page


pos: n
definition:
(grammar) the word in a grammatical constituent that plays the same grammatical role as the whole constituent


pos: n
definition:
a word that is composed of parts from different languages (e.g., `monolingual' has a Greek prefix and a Latin root)


pos: n
definition:
a simple form inferred as the common basis from which related words in several languages can be derived by linguistic processes


pos: n
definition:
one of the eight sayings of Jesus at the beginning of the Sermon on the Mount; in Latin each saying begins with `beatus' (blessed)


pos: n
definition:
a word formed by or containing a repeated syllable or speech sound (usually at the beginning of the word)


pos: n
definition:
a minimal unit (as a word or stem) in the lexicon of a language; `go' and `went' and `gone' and `going' are all members of the English lexeme `go'


pos: n
definition:
a word or morpheme used in some languages in certain contexts (such as counting) to indicate the semantic class to which the counted item belongs


pos: n
definition:
the class of all items that can be substituted into the same position (or slot) in a grammatical sentence (are in paradigmatic relation with one another)


pos: n
definition:
(grammar) one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the grammatical constituent about which something is predicated


pos: n
definition:
nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence


pos: n
definition:
the case indicating the agent in passive sentences or the instrument or manner or place of the action described by the verb


pos: n
definition:
a construction that can be used to extend the meaning of a word or phrase but is not one of the main constituents of a sentence


pos: n
definition:
(logic) what is predicated of the subject of a proposition; the second term in a proposition is predicated of the first term by means of the copula


pos: n
definition:
the word class that can serve as the subject or object of a verb, the object of a preposition, or in apposition


pos: n
definition:
the primary form of an adjective or adverb; denotes a quality without qualification, comparison, or relation to increase or diminution


pos: n
definition:
a function word that combines with a noun or pronoun or noun phrase to form a prepositional phrase that can have an adverbial or adjectival relation to some other word


pos: n
definition:
the grammatical category for the forms of nouns and pronouns and verbs that are used depending on the number of entities involved (singular or dual or plural)


pos: n
definition:
a grammatical category used in the classification of pronouns, possessive determiners, and verb forms according to whether they indicate the speaker, the addressee, or a third party


pos: n
definition:
a grammatical category in inflected languages governing the agreement between nouns and pronouns and adjectives; in some languages it is quite arbitrary but in Indo-European languages it is usually based on sex or animateness


pos: n
definition:
a gender that refers chiefly (but not exclusively) to inanimate objects (neither masculine nor feminine)


pos: n
definition:
a verb tense in some languages (classical Greek and Sanskrit) expressing action (especially past action) without indicating its completion or continuation


pos: n
definition:
the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause


pos: n
definition:
the semantic role of the animate entity that instigates or causes the happening denoted by the verb in the clause


pos: n
definition:
the semantic role of the intended recipient who benefits from the happening denoted by the verb in the clause


pos: n
definition:
the semantic role of the entity (usually inanimate) that the agent uses to perform an action or start a process


pos: n
definition:
the semantic role of the noun phrase that designates the place of the state or action denoted by the verb


pos: n
definition:
the semantic role of the animate entity that is passively involved in the happening denoted by the verb in the clause


pos: n
definition:
the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause


pos: n
definition:
the semantic role of the noun phrase that designates the time of the state or action denoted by the verb


pos: n
definition:
(law) a name under which a corporation conducts business that is not the legal name of the corporation as shown in its articles of incorporation


pos: n
definition:
a string of characters beginning with a period and followed by one or more letters; the optional second part of a PC computer filename


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) the name given to a computer file in order to distinguish it from other files; may contain an extension that indicates the type of file


pos: n
definition:
a family name derived from name of your father or a paternal ancestor (especially with an affix (such as -son in English or O'- in Irish) added to the name of your father or a paternal ancestor)


pos: n
definition:
identifying word or words by which someone or something is called and classified or distinguished from others


pos: n
definition:
a Spanish title or form of address used to or of an unmarried girl or woman; similar to the English `Miss'


pos: n
definition:
the heading that indicates the subject of an annotation or a literary composition or a dictionary entry


pos: n
definition:
a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with


pos: n
definition:
(usually plural) written material introduced into a movie or TV show to give credits or represent dialogue or explain an action


pos: n
definition:
translation of foreign dialogue of a movie or TV program; usually displayed at the bottom of the screen


pos: n
definition:
(prosody) a line of poetry having an extra syllable or syllables at the end of the last metrical foot


pos: n
definition:
something written, especially copied from one medium to another, as a typewritten version of dictation


pos: n
definition:
rapid handwriting in which letters are set down in full and are cursively connected within words without lifting the writing implement from the paper


pos: n
definition:
a small cursive script developed from uncial between the 7th and 9th centuries and used in medieval manuscripts


pos: n
definition:
an alphabetical (or perhaps syllabic) script used since the 9th century BC to write the Aramaic language; many other scripts were subsequently derived from it


pos: n
definition:
a script (probably adapted from the Aramaic about the 7th century BC) from which later Indian scripts developed


pos: n
definition:
a style of orthography characterized by somewhat rounded capital letters; found especially in Greek and Latin manuscripts of the 4th to 8th centuries


pos: n
definition:
a code (a series of characters or digits) that must be entered in some way (typed or dialed or spoken) to get the use of something (a telephone line or a computer or a local area network etc.)


pos: n
definition:
a telegraph code in which letters and numbers are represented by strings of dots and dashes (short and long signals)


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructions


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a reference or value that is passed to a function, procedure, subroutine, command, or program


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a code for information exchange between computers made by different companies; a string of 7 binary digits represents each character; used in most microcomputers


pos: n
definition:
a document connected to the World Wide Web and viewable by anyone connected to the internet who has a web browser


pos: n
definition:
a site on the internet where a number of users can communicate in real time (typically one dedicated to a particular topic)


pos: n
definition:
letters or symbols that are written or imprinted on a surface to represent the sounds or words of a language


pos: n
definition:
four Hebrew letters usually transliterated as YHWH (Yahweh) or JHVH (Jehovah) signifying the Hebrew name for God which the Jews regarded as too holy to pronounce


pos: n
definition:
an ancient writing system: having alternate lines written in opposite directions; literally `as the ox ploughs'


pos: n
definition:
the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of the alphabet (especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect)


pos: n
definition:
written instructions from a physician or dentist to a druggist concerning the form and dosage of a drug to be issued to a given patient


pos: n
definition:
an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor


pos: n
definition:
an elegant style of prose of the Elizabethan period; characterized by balance and antithesis and alliteration and extended similes with and allusions to nature and mythology


pos: n
definition:
a work of fiction describing an imaginary place where life is extremely bad because of deprivation or oppression or terror


pos: n
definition:
a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account


pos: n
definition:
a vast body of textual criticism of the Hebrew Scriptures including notes on features of writing and on the occurrence of certain words and on variant sources and instructions for pronunciation and other comments that were written between AD 600 and 900 by Jewish scribes in the margins or at the end of texts


pos: n
definition:
verse in the meter used in Greek and Latin poetry consisting of strophes of 4 tetrametric lines; reputedly invented by Alcaeus


pos: n
definition:
an epic in Latin by Virgil; tells the adventures of Aeneas after the Trojan War; provides an illustrious historical background for the Roman Empire


pos: n
definition:
a French verse form of 10 or 13 lines running on two rhymes; the opening phrase is repeated as the refrain of the second and third stanzas


pos: n
definition:
a form of Japanese poetry; the 1st and 3rd lines have five syllables and the 2nd, 4th, and 5th have seven syllables


pos: n
definition:
a short verse said or sung by a priest or minister in public worship and followed by a response from the congregation


pos: n
definition:
a verse form suited to the treatment of heroic or elevated themes; dactylic hexameter or iambic pentameter


pos: n
definition:
the section of a choral ode answering a previous strophe in classical Greek drama; the second of two metrically corresponding sections in a poem


pos: n
definition:
a short line of text that a web site puts on your computer's hard drive when you access the web site


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a copy of the contents of a computer storage device; sometimes used in debugging programs


pos: n
definition:
a clause in an insurance policy that relieves the insurer of responsibility to pay the initial loss up to a stated amount


pos: n
definition:
a clause in a contract that provides for an increase or a decrease in wages or prices or benefits etc. depending on certain conditions (as a change in the cost of living index)


pos: n
definition:
an inconspicuous clause in a document or bill that affects its meaning in a way that is not immediately apparent


pos: n
definition:
a short section or illustration (as between radio or tv programs or in a magazine) that is often used for advertising


pos: n
definition:
one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line


pos: n
definition:
a transition (in literary or theatrical works or films) to an earlier event or scene that interrupts the normal chronological development of the story


pos: n
definition:
a shared on-line journal where people can post diary entries about their personal experiences and hobbies


pos: n
definition:
a short message (as in a book or musical work or on a photograph) dedicating it to someone or something


pos: n
definition:
a manuscript (usually written on papyrus or parchment) on which more than one text has been written with the earlier writing incompletely erased and still visible


pos: n
definition:
(Judaism) the scroll of parchment that contains the biblical story of Esther; traditionally read in synagogues to celebrate Purim


pos: n
definition:
(Judaism) the scroll of parchment on which the first five books of the Hebrew Scripture is written; is used in a synagogue during services


pos: n
definition:
a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree


pos: n
definition:
(pharmacology) a book containing a compilation of pharmaceutical products with their formulas and methods of preparation


pos: n
definition:
a medieval book (usually illustrated) with allegorical and amusing descriptions of real and fabled animals


pos: n
definition:
an elementary book summarizing the principles of a Christian religion; written as questions and answers


pos: n
definition:
a notebook containing descriptions and diagrams of the plays that a team has practiced (especially an American football team)


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) a book of prayers to be recited daily certain priests and members of religious orders


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) a book containing all the prayers and responses needed to celebrate Mass throughout the year


pos: n
definition:
a dictionary that has not been shortened by the omitting terms or definitions; a comprehensive dictionary


pos: n
definition:
an alphabetical list of technical terms in some specialized field of knowledge; usually published as an appendix to a text on that field


pos: n
definition:
a manual describing the customs of a particular group (especially the ceremonial practices of a monastic order)


pos: n
definition:
an identification number consisting of a two-part code assigned to banks and savings associations; the first part shows the location and the second identifies the bank itself


pos: n
definition:
an annual publication containing tabular information in a particular field or fields arranged according to the calendar of a given year


pos: n
definition:
an annual publication including weather forecasts and other miscellaneous information arranged according to the calendar of a given year


pos: n
definition:
an annual publication containing astronomical tables that give the positions of the celestial bodies throughout the year


pos: n
definition:
a reference work (often in several volumes) containing articles on various topics (often arranged in alphabetical order) dealing with the entire range of human knowledge or with some particular specialty


pos: n
definition:
a collection of books accepted as holy scripture especially the books of the Bible recognized by any Christian church as genuine and inspired


pos: n
definition:
the principal sacred text of Sikhism contains hymns and poetry as well as the teachings of the first five gurus


pos: n
definition:
(Hinduism) the sacred `song of God' composed about 200 BC and incorporated into the Mahabharata (a Sanskrit epic); contains a discussion between Krishna and the Indian hero Arjuna on human nature and the purpose of life


pos: n
definition:
(Hinduism) a sacred epic Sanskrit poem of India dealing in many episodes with the struggle between two rival families


pos: n
definition:
the first book of the Old Testament: tells of Creation; Adam and Eve; the Fall of Man; Cain and Abel; Noah and the flood; God's covenant with Abraham; Abraham and Isaac; Jacob and Esau; Joseph and his brothers


pos: n
definition:
the second book of the Old Testament: tells of the departure of the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt led by Moses; God gave them the Ten Commandments and the rest of Mosaic law on Mount Sinai during the Exodus


pos: n
definition:
the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt


pos: n
definition:
religious texts from Deuteronomy inscribed on parchment and rolled up in a case that is attached to the doorframe of many Jewish households in accordance with Jewish law


pos: n
definition:
a book in the Old Testament describing how Joshua led the Israelites into Canaan (the Promised Land) after the death of Moses


pos: n
definition:
a book of the Old Testament that tells the story of Ruth who was not an Israelite but who married an Israelite and who stayed with her mother-in-law Naomi after her husband died


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) an obsolete name for the Old Testament books of I Chronicles and II Chronicles which were regarded as supplementary to Kings


pos: n
definition:
an Old Testament book telling of a rabbi's efforts in the 5th century BC to reconstitute Jewish law and worship in Jerusalem after the Babylonian Captivity


pos: n
definition:
an Old Testament book telling how a Jewish official at the court of Artaxerxes I in 444 BC became a leader in rebuilding Jerusalem after the Babylonian Captivity


pos: n
definition:
an Old Testament book telling of a beautiful Jewess who became queen of Persia and saved her people from massacre


pos: n
definition:
an Old Testament book consisting of reflections on the vanity of human life; is traditionally attributed to Solomon but probably was written about 250 BC


pos: n
definition:
an Old Testament book consisting of a collection of love poems traditionally attributed to Solomon but actually written much later


pos: n
definition:
an Old Testament book lamenting the desolation of Judah after the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BC; traditionally attributed to the prophet Jeremiah


pos: n
definition:
an Old Testament book containing Ezekiel's prophecies of the downfall of Jerusalem and Judah and their subsequent restoration


pos: n
definition:
an Old Testament book that tells of the apocalyptic visions and the experiences of Daniel in the court of Nebuchadnezzar


pos: n
definition:
an Old Testament book telling the prophecies of Zephaniah which are concerned mainly with the approaching judgment by God upon the sinners of Judah


pos: n
definition:
an Old Testament book telling the prophecies of Haggai which are concerned mainly with rebuilding the temples after the Babylonian Captivity


pos: n
definition:
an Old Testament book telling the prophecies of Zechariah which are concerned mainly with the renewal of Israel after the Babylonian Captivity


pos: n
definition:
a New Testament book describing the development of the early church from Christ's Ascension to Paul's sojourn at Rome


pos: n
definition:
a New Testament book containing the epistle from Saint Paul to the Ephesians which explains the divine plan for the world and the consummation of this in Christ


pos: n
definition:
a New Testament book containing an epistle from Saint Paul to Philemon asking Philemon to forgive the slave for escaping


pos: n
definition:
a New Testament book traditionally included among the epistle of Saint Paul but now generally considered not to have been written by him


pos: n
definition:
the last book of the New Testament; contains visionary descriptions of heaven and of conflicts between good and evil and of the end of the world; attributed to Saint John the Apostle


pos: n
definition:
the oldest Greek version of the Old Testament; said to have been translated from the Hebrew by Jewish scholars at the request of Ptolemy II


pos: n
definition:
the Latin edition of the Bible translated from Hebrew and Greek mainly by St. Jerome at the end of the 4th century; as revised in 1592 it was adopted as the official text for the Roman Catholic Church


pos: n
definition:
the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit


pos: n
definition:
a short selection from the Prophets read on every Sabbath in a Jewish synagogue following a reading from the Torah


pos: n
definition:
the four books in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings


pos: n
definition:
14 books of the Old Testament included in the Vulgate (except for II Esdras) but omitted in Jewish and Protestant versions of the Bible; eastern Christian churches (except the Coptic Church) accept all these books as canonical; the Russian Orthodox Church accepts these texts as divinely inspired but does not grant them the same status


pos: n
definition:
an Apocryphal book consisting mainly of a meditation on wisdom; although ascribed to Solomon it was probably written in the first century BC


pos: n
definition:
52 texts written between 200 BC and AD 200 but ascribed to various prophets and kings in the Hebrew scriptures; many are apocalyptic in nature


pos: n
definition:
the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina


pos: n
definition:
the first or opening sura of the Quran which is the central prayer of Islam and is used on all special occasions as well as during the five daily prayers


pos: n
definition:
the collection of ancient rabbinic writings on Jewish law and tradition (the Mishna and the Gemara) that constitute the basis of religious authority in Orthodox Judaism


pos: n
definition:
the first part of the Talmud; a collection of early oral interpretations of the scriptures that was compiled about AD 200


pos: n
definition:
Talmudic literature that deals with law and with the interpretation of the laws on the Hebrew Scriptures


pos: n
definition:
one of two classical Hindu epics; a great collection of poetry worked into and around a central heroic narrative (eight times as large as the Iliad and Odyssey combined)


pos: n
definition:
a body of 18 works written between the first and 11th centuries and incorporating legends and speculative histories of the universe and myths and customary observances


pos: n
definition:
one of two classical Hindu epics telling of the banishment of Rama from his kingdom and the abduction of his wife by a demon and Rama's restoration to the throne


pos: n
definition:
any of a fairly recent class of Hindu or Buddhist religious literature concerned with ritual acts of body and speech and mind


pos: n
definition:
(from the Sanskrit word for `knowledge') any of the most ancient sacred writings of Hinduism written in early Sanskrit; traditionally believed to comprise the Samhitas, the Brahmanas, the Aranyakas, and the Upanishads


pos: n
definition:
prose works attached to the Samhitas instructing the bahmins to perform the very elaborate sacrificial rituals


pos: n
definition:
a treatise resembling a Brahmana but to be read or expounded by anchorites in the quiet of the forest


pos: n
definition:
Vedic texts from the fifth and fourth centuries BC dealing with phonetics and ritual injunctions and linguistics and grammar and etymology and lexicography and prosody and astronomy and astrology


pos: n
definition:
(Sanskrit) an ancient medical treatise summarizing the Hindu art of healing and prolonging life; sometimes regarded as a 5th Veda


pos: n
definition:
(Sanskrit) literally a `sacred utterance' in Vedism; one of a collection of orally transmitted poetic hymns


pos: n
definition:
one of the 150 lyrical poems and prayers that comprise the Book of Psalms in the Old Testament; said to have been written by David


pos: n
definition:
a document entitling a commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily (but without higher pay)


pos: n
definition:
a document incorporating an institution and specifying its rights; includes the articles of incorporation and the certificate of incorporation


pos: n
definition:
the document that spells out the belief system of a given church (especially the Reformation churches of the 16th century)


pos: n
definition:
an equating verb (such as `be' or `become') that links the subject with the complement of a sentence


pos: n
definition:
a self-report personality inventory originally derived from the MMPI; consists of several hundred yes-no questions and yields scores on a number of scales including dominance and self acceptance and self control and socialization and achievement etc.


pos: n
definition:
a self-report personality inventory based on Hans Eysenck's factor analysis of personality which assumes three basic factors (the two most important being extraversion to introversion and neuroticism)


pos: n
definition:
a self-report personality inventory consisting of 550 items that describe feelings or actions which the person is asked to agree with or disagree with; many scales estimating traits and qualities of personality have been developed using MMPI items


pos: n
definition:
a diploma given for vocational training that prepares the student for a career in a particular area; good students may progress to a course leading to a degree


pos: n
definition:
an official document issued by a government and conferring on the recipient the rank of an officer in the armed forces


pos: n
definition:
a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group of things that could be enumerated on a list


pos: n
definition:
(linguistics) the placing of one linguistic element after another (as placing a modifier after the word that it modifies in a sentence or placing an affix after the base to which it is attached)


pos: n
definition:
(linguistics) the placing of one linguistic element before another (as placing a modifier before the word it modifies in a sentence or placing an affix before the base to which it is attached)


pos: n
definition:
(linguistics) emphasis placed on the topic or focus of a sentence by preposing it to the beginning of the sentence; placing the topic at the beginning of the sentence is typical for English


pos: n
definition:
something resembling a fact; unverified (often invented) information that is given credibility because it appeared in print


pos: n
definition:
a list of writings with time and place of publication (such as the writings of a single author or the works referred to in preparing a document etc.)


pos: n
definition:
a list of acknowledgements of those who contributed to the creation of a film (usually run at the end of the film)


pos: n
definition:
a listing printed in all issues of a newspaper or magazine (usually on the editorial page) that gives the name of the publication and the names of the editorial staff, etc.


pos: n
definition:
a list of applicants winnowed from a longer list who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen


pos: n
definition:
an ordered listing of scores or results showing the relative positions of competitors (individuals or teams) in a sporting event


pos: n
definition:
an alphabet derived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages (Russian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Ukrainian, and some other Slavic languages)


pos: n
definition:
a document issued by a country to a citizen allowing that person to travel abroad and re-enter the home country


pos: n
definition:
a public register showing the details of ownership and value of land; made for the purpose of taxation


pos: n
definition:
a book in which detailed written records of a case are kept and which are a source of information for subsequent work


pos: n
definition:
a collection of papers containing detailed information about a particular person or subject (usually a person's record)


pos: n
definition:
a sequence of related events arranged in chronological order and displayed along a line (usually drawn left to right or top to bottom)


pos: n
definition:
the official published verbatim report of the proceedings of a parliamentary body; originally of the British Parliament


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a computer file that contains text (and possibly formatting instructions) using seven-bit ASCII characters


pos: n
definition:
a coupon that allows the holder to purchase two items (as two tickets to a play) for the price of one


pos: n
definition:
a commercial document showing that the holder is entitled to something (as to ride on public transportation or to enter a public entertainment)


pos: n
definition:
a receipt given by the carrier to the shipper acknowledging receipt of the goods being shipped and specifying the terms of delivery


pos: n
definition:
(Bible) an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return


pos: n
definition:
a contract between two or more persons who agree to pool talent and money and share profits or losses


pos: n
definition:
an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money (paid or agreed to be paid by the buyer)


pos: n
definition:
a commercial document used to request someone to supply something in return for payment and providing specifications and quantities


pos: n
definition:
a power of attorney document given by shareholders of a corporation authorizing a specific vote on their behalf at a corporate meeting


pos: n
definition:
a legal document codifying the result of deliberations of a committee or society or legislative body


pos: n
definition:
law intended to eradicate organized crime by establishing strong sanctions and forfeiture provisions


pos: n
definition:
the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states


pos: n
definition:
a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language


pos: n
definition:
a rule adopted by an organization in order to regulate its own affairs and the behavior of its members


pos: n
definition:
a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)


pos: n
definition:
an order that after a specific time certain activities (as being outside on the streets) are prohibited


pos: n
definition:
an order to an offending party to rid itself of property; it has the purpose of depriving the defendant of the gains of wrongful behavior


pos: n
definition:
(law) a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity


pos: n
definition:
a judicial certificate saying that a will is genuine and conferring on the executors the power to administer the estate


pos: n
definition:
a legal document signed and sealed and delivered to effect a transfer of property and to show the legal right to possess it


pos: n
definition:
the instrument by which a claim or right or interest or property is transferred from one person to another


pos: n
definition:
under the feudal system, the deed by which a person was given land in exchange for a pledge of service


pos: n
definition:
a warrant formerly issued by a French king who could warrant imprisonment or death in a signed letter under his seal


pos: n
definition:
a common law writ issued by a superior court to one of inferior jurisdiction demanding the record of a particular case


pos: n
definition:
a routine court order that attempts to enforce the judgment that has been granted to a plaintiff by authorizing a sheriff to carry it out


pos: n
definition:
(law) the completion of a legal instrument (such as a contract or deed) by signing it (and perhaps sealing and delivering it) so that it becomes legally binding and enforceable


pos: n
definition:
an extraordinary writ commanding an official to perform a ministerial act that the law recognizes as an absolute duty and not a matter for the official's discretion; used only when all other judicial remedies fail


pos: n
definition:
a writ authorizing the seizure of property that may be needed for the payment of a judgment in a judicial proceeding


pos: n
definition:
a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant


pos: n
definition:
a writ issued by court authority to compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial proceeding; disobedience may be punishable as a contempt of court


pos: n
definition:
a court order to an employer to withhold all or part of an employee's wages and to send the money to the court or to the person who won a lawsuit against the employee


pos: n
definition:
a summons issued after the filing of a libel or claim directing all parties concerned to show cause why the judgment asked for should not be granted


pos: n
definition:
(law) a statement in legal and logical form stating something on behalf of a party to a legal proceeding


pos: n
definition:
the principal pleading by the defendant in response to plaintiff's complaint; in criminal law it consists of the defendant's plea of `guilty' or `not guilty' (or nolo contendere); in civil law it must contain denials of all allegations in the plaintiff's complaint that the defendant hopes to controvert and it can contain affirmative defenses or counterclaims


pos: n
definition:
(civil law) the first pleading of the plaintiff setting out the facts on which the claim for relief is based


pos: n
definition:
the written statement of a plaintiff explaining the cause of action (the defamation) and any relief he seeks


pos: n
definition:
an act passed by Congress in 1978 to establish procedures for requesting judicial authorization for foreign intelligence surveillance and to create the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court; intended to increase United States counterintelligence; separate from ordinary law enforcement surveillance


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory


pos: n
definition:
software used in art and architecture and engineering and manufacturing to assist in precision drawing


pos: n
definition:
software that can be used by a group of people who are working on the same information but may be distributed in space


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) software that controls the execution of computer programs and may provide various services


pos: n
definition:
a Java application; an application program that uses the client's web browser to provide a user interface


pos: n
definition:
an application that divides the user's display into two or more windows that can be scrolled independently


pos: n
definition:
a pre-compiled, pre-linked program that is ready to run under a given operating system; a binary for one operating system will not run on a different operating system


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a natural language processing application that tries to determine the intended meaning of a word or phrase by examining the linguistic context in which it is used


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a program application that may consist of several steps but is a single logical unit


pos: n
definition:
a computer program that performs a series of instructions repeatedly until some specified condition is satisfied


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a program that decodes instructions written in a higher order language and produces an assembly language program


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a program designed to perform such editorial functions as rearrangement or modification or deletion of data


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a program that controls a display for the user (usually on a computer monitor) and that allows the user to interact with the system


pos: n
definition:
a user interface in which you type commands instead of choosing them from a menu or selecting an icon


pos: n
definition:
a user interface based on graphics (icons and pictures and menus) instead of text; uses a mouse as well as a keyboard as an input device


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a program that translates and executes source language statements one line at a time


pos: n
definition:
a widely used search engine that uses text-matching techniques to find web pages that are important and relevant to a user's search


pos: n
definition:
a computer program that prowls the internet looking for publicly accessible resources that can be added to a database; the database can then be searched with a search engine


pos: n
definition:
a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer


pos: n
definition:
a software program capable of reproducing itself that can spread from one computer to the next over a network


pos: n
definition:
(computing) an instruction that connects one part of a program or an element on a list to another program or list


pos: n
definition:
a link from a hypertext file to another location or file; typically activated by clicking on a highlighted word or icon at a particular location on the screen


pos: n
definition:
any instruction that works first one way and then the other; it turns something on the first time it is used and then turns it off the next time


pos: n
definition:
software that is available free of charge; may be distributed for evaluation with a fee requested for additional features or a manual etc.


pos: n
definition:
computer software that obtains information from a user's computer without the user's knowledge or consent


pos: n
definition:
one or more recordings issued together; originally released on 12-inch phonograph records (usually with attractive record covers) and later on cassette audiotape and compact disc


pos: n
definition:
a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it


pos: n
definition:
reading materials (documents, written information) that you must read and deal with but that you think are extremely boring


pos: n
definition:
the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted


pos: n
definition:
an ambiguity (especially one in the text of a law or contract) that makes it possible to evade a difficulty or obligation


pos: n
definition:
an ambiguous grammatical construction; e.g., `they are flying planes' can mean either that someone is flying planes or that something is flying planes


pos: n
definition:
an inoffensive or indirect expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or too harsh


pos: n
definition:
a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement


pos: n
definition:
a film made by photographing a series of cartoon drawings to give the illusion of movement when projected in rapid sequence


pos: n
definition:
(film) a gradual transition from one scene to the next; the next scene is gradually superimposed as the former scene fades out


pos: n
definition:
(Hinduism) an ancient Sanskrit text giving rules for sensuous and sensual pleasure and love and marriage in accordance with Hindu law


pos: n
definition:
a rule or aphorism in Sanskrit literature or a group of aphoristic doctrinal summaries prepared for memorization


pos: n
definition:
misinformation resulting from the recirculation into the source country of disinformation previously planted abroad by that country's intelligence service


pos: n
definition:
misinformation that is deliberately disseminated in order to influence or confuse rivals (foreign enemies or business competitors etc.)


pos: n
definition:
the organization of information according to preset specifications (usually for computer processing)


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) the format of sectors on the surface of a hard disk drive so that the operating system can access them and setting a starting position


pos: n
definition:
relational database of the United States National Library of Medicine for the storage and retrieval of bibliographical information concerning the biomedical literature


pos: n
definition:
a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time


pos: n
definition:
a measure of someone's weight in relation to height; to calculate one's BMI, multiply one's weight in pounds and divide that by the square of one's height in inches; overweight is a BMI greater than 25; obese is a BMI greater than 30


pos: n
definition:
a print made by an impression of the ridges in the skin of a finger; often used for biometric identification in criminal investigations


pos: n
definition:
a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)


pos: n
definition:
anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events


pos: n
definition:
a formal series of statements showing that if one thing is true something else necessarily follows from it


pos: n
definition:
any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order


pos: n
definition:
(parliament) a parliamentary procedure of demanding that a government official explain some act or policy


pos: n
definition:
a rule of evidence whereby a person is barred from denying the truth of a fact that has already been settled


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a rule stating that the quality of the output is a function of the quality of the input; put garbage in and you get garbage out


pos: n
definition:
an economic policy adopted in the former Soviet Union; intended to increase automation and labor efficiency but it led eventually to the end of central planning in the Russian economy


pos: n
definition:
the policy of imposing duties or quotas on imports in order to protect home industries from overseas competition


pos: n
definition:
a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against people who are not Whites; the former official policy in South Africa


pos: n
definition:
a foreign policy that defines the international interests of a country in terms of particular geographic areas


pos: n
definition:
a rule or especially body of rules or principles generally established as valid and fundamental in a field or art or philosophy


pos: n
definition:
protocol that allows users to copy files between their local system and any system they can reach on the network


pos: n
definition:
a protocol (utilizing TCP) to transfer hypertext requests and information between servers and browsers


pos: n
definition:
traditional code of the Japanese samurai which stressed courage and loyalty and self-discipline and simple living


pos: n
definition:
a code of silence practiced by the Mafia; a refusal to give evidence to the police about criminal activities


pos: n
definition:
something that should remain hidden from others (especially information that is not to be passed on)


pos: n
definition:
political propaganda (especially communist propaganda) communicated via art and literature and cinema


pos: n
definition:
(patent law) a document drawn up by the applicant for a patent of invention that provides an explicit and detailed description of the nature and use of an invention


pos: n
definition:
a printing process that uses an etched or engraved plate; the plate is smeared with ink and wiped clean, then the ink left in the recesses makes the print


pos: n
definition:
the process of printing from a surface on which the printing areas are not raised but are ink-receptive (as opposed to ink repellent)


pos: n
definition:
a photomechanical printing process that uses a glass plate with a gelatin surface that carries the image to be reproduced; can be used with one or more colors


pos: n
definition:
a plate makes an inked impression on a rubber-blanketed cylinder, which in turn transfers it to the paper


pos: n
definition:
a commitment to tell the truth (especially in a court of law); to lie under oath is to become subject to prosecution for perjury


pos: n
definition:
(religion) a solemn declaration that serves the same purpose as an oath (if an oath is objectionable to the person on religious or ethical grounds)


pos: n
definition:
a written assurance that some product or service will be provided or will meet certain specifications


pos: n
definition:
a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability


pos: n
definition:
an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study


pos: n
definition:
a degree granted by a two-year college on successful completion of the undergraduates course of studies


pos: n
definition:
a doctorate usually based on at least 3 years graduate study and a dissertation; the highest degree awarded graduate study


pos: n
definition:
an ecclesiastical censure by the Roman Catholic Church withdrawing certain sacraments and Christian burial from a person or all persons in a particular district


pos: n
definition:
a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc


pos: n
definition:
a statement that is added to or revises or improves a proposal or document (a bill or constitution etc.)


pos: n
definition:
a formal proclamation issued by the pope (usually written in antiquated characters and sealed with a leaden bulla)


pos: n
definition:
(logic) a declaration of something self-evident; something that can be assumed as the basis for argument


pos: n
definition:
(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved


pos: n
definition:
written declaration made under oath; a written statement sworn to be true before someone legally authorized to administer an oath


pos: n
definition:
(contract bridge) the highest bid becomes the contract setting the number of tricks that the bidder must make


pos: n
definition:
(bridge) a bid that is higher than your opponent's bid (especially when your partner has not bid at all and your bid exceeds the value of your hand)


pos: n
definition:
a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.


pos: n
definition:
(law) a defense by an accused person purporting to show that he or she could not have committed the crime in question


pos: n
definition:
a partial excuse to mitigate censure; an attempt to represent an offense as less serious than it appears by showing mitigating circumstances


pos: n
definition:
(music) the section of a movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes first occur


pos: n
definition:
a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation


pos: n
definition:
(Christianity) the announcement to the Virgin Mary by the angel Gabriel of the incarnation of Christ


pos: n
definition:
an announcement distributed to members of the press in order to supplement or replace an oral presentation


pos: n
definition:
(law) a formal notice filed with a court or officer to suspend a proceeding until filer is given a hearing


pos: n
definition:
the prediction that human intelligence and technology will enable life to expand in an orderly way throughout the entire universe


pos: n
definition:
a prophecy (usually obscure or allegorical) revealed by a priest or priestess; believed to be infallible


pos: n
definition:
a categorematic expression; a term capable of standing alone as the subject or predicate of a logical proposition


pos: n
definition:
the proposition arrived at by logical reasoning (such as the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism)


pos: n
definition:
(logic) a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident


pos: n
definition:
(law) a false boast that can harm others; especially a false claim to be married to someone (formerly actionable at law)


pos: n
definition:
something serving to conceal plans; a fictitious reason that is concocted in order to conceal the real reason


pos: n
definition:
a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material


pos: n
definition:
(Judaism) an ancient commentary on part of the Hebrew scriptures that is based on Jewish methods of interpretation and attached to the biblical text


pos: n
definition:
a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something


pos: n
definition:
an opinion voiced by a judge on a point of law not directly bearing on the case in question and therefore not binding


pos: n
definition:
a legal document summarizing an agreement between parties in a dispute to abide by the decision of an arbiter


pos: n
definition:
a formal agreement establishing an association or alliance between nations or other groups to achieve a particular aim


pos: n
definition:
a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof


pos: n
definition:
a puzzle in which words corresponding to numbered clues are to be found and written in to squares in the puzzle


pos: n
definition:
a paradoxical anecdote or a riddle that has no solution; used in Zen Buddhism to show the inadequacy of logical reasoning


pos: n
definition:
a number puzzle in which the numbers 1 through 9 must be placed into a grid of cells so that each row or column contains only one of each number


pos: n
definition:
written directions for finding some location; written on letters or packages that are to be delivered to that location


pos: n
definition:
detailed stylistic instructions for typesetting something that is to be printed; manual markup is usually written on the copy (e.g. underlining words that are to be set in italics)


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a standardized language for the descriptive markup of documents; a set of rules for using whatever markup vocabulary is adopted


pos: n
definition:
editorial directions to be followed in spelling and punctuation and capitalization and typographical display


pos: n
definition:
a Buddhist and Hindu and especially Jainist doctrine holding that all forms of life are sacred and urging the avoidance of violence


pos: n
definition:
(Christianity) the doctrine of the ecumenical movement that promotes cooperation and better understanding among different religious denominations: aimed at universal Christian unity


pos: n
definition:
a sign in front of a house or business carrying the conventional form by which its location is described


pos: n
definition:
a small adhesive token stuck on a letter or package to indicate that that postal fees have been paid


pos: n
definition:
(medicine) a reason that makes it inadvisable to prescribe a particular drug or employ a particular procedure or treatment


pos: n
definition:
the positive fractional part of the representation of a logarithm; in the expression log 643 = 2.808 the mantissa is .808


pos: n
definition:
the integer part (positive or negative) of the representation of a logarithm; in the expression log 643 = 2.808 the characteristic is 2


pos: n
definition:
a written form of a musical composition; parts for different instruments appear on separate staves on large pages


pos: n
definition:
a system of notation for dance movements that uses symbols to represent points on a dancer's body and the direction of the dancer's movement and the tempo and the dynamics


pos: n
definition:
a character or symbol set or printed or written above and immediately to one side of another character


pos: n
definition:
a character or symbol set or printed or written beneath or slightly below and to the side of another character


pos: n
definition:
a diacritical mark used to indicate stress or placed above a vowel to indicate a special pronunciation


pos: n
definition:
a diacritical mark (^) placed above a vowel in some languages to indicate a special phonetic quality


pos: n
definition:
a diacritical mark (an inverted circumflex) placed above certain letters (such as the letter c) to indicate pronunciation


pos: n
definition:
a diacritical mark (~) placed over the letter n in Spanish to indicate a palatal nasal sound or over a vowel in Portuguese to indicate nasalization


pos: n
definition:
a graphic symbol consisting of 2 or more letters combined (usually your initials); printed on stationery or embroidered on clothing


pos: n
definition:
one of the large alphabetic characters used as the first letter in writing or printing proper names and sometimes for emphasis


pos: n
definition:
a typeface (based on an 18th century design by Gianbattista Bodoni) distinguished by regular shape and hairline serifs and heavy downstrokes


pos: n
definition:
any character from an ancient Germanic alphabet used in Scandinavia from the 3rd century to the Middle Ages


pos: n
definition:
a graphic character that indicates the meaning of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it


pos: n
definition:
a single written symbol that represents an entire word or phrase without indicating its pronunciation


pos: n
definition:
the marks used to clarify meaning by indicating separation of words into sentences and clauses and phrases


pos: n
definition:
either of two punctuation marks (`<' or `>') used in computer programming and sometimes used to enclose textual material


pos: n
definition:
a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)


pos: n
definition:
a punctuation mark (,) used to indicate the separation of elements within the grammatical structure of a sentence


pos: n
definition:
a punctuation mark (-) used between parts of a compound word or between the syllables of a word when the word is divided at the end of a line of text


pos: n
definition:
a punctuation mark (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a full stop or after abbreviations


pos: n
definition:
a punctuation mark (`;') used to connect independent clauses; indicates a closer relation than does a period


pos: n
definition:
an identification of a publisher; a publisher's name along with the date and address and edition that is printed at the bottom of the title page


pos: n
definition:
a small piece of adhesive paper that is put on an object to show that a government tax has been paid


pos: n
definition:
(Judaism) either of two small leather cases containing texts from the Hebrew Scriptures (known collectively as tefillin); traditionally worn (on the forehead and the left arm) by Jewish men during morning prayer


pos: n
definition:
(music) a series of notes differing in pitch according to a specific scheme (usually within an octave)


pos: n
definition:
a gapped scale with five notes; usually the fourth and seventh notes of the diatonic scale are omitted


pos: n
definition:
(music) a slur over two notes of the same pitch; indicates that the note is to be sustained for their combined time value


pos: n
definition:
a musical notation that makes a note sharp or flat or natural although that is not part of the key signature


pos: n
definition:
a musical notation (over a note or chord or rest) that indicates it is to be prolonged by an unspecified amount


pos: n
definition:
(music) a notation written above a note and indicating that it is to be played with a strong initial attack


pos: n
definition:
a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement


pos: n
definition:
bundle of rods containing an axe with the blade protruding; in ancient Rome it was a symbol of a magistrate's power; in modern Italy it is a symbol of fascism


pos: n
definition:
an emblem (a small piece of plastic or cloth or metal) that signifies your status (rank or membership or affiliation etc.)


pos: n
definition:
the official emblem of the Nazi Party and the Third Reich; a cross with the arms bent at right angles in a clockwise direction


pos: n
definition:
recording a person's behavior and analyzing psychological characteristics in order to predict or assess their ability in a certain sphere or to identify a particular group of people


pos: n
definition:
an advertisement consisting of short scenes from a motion picture that will appear in the near future


pos: n
definition:
the act of making something publicly available; presenting news or other information by broadcasting or printing it


pos: n
definition:
an artificial language proposed for use as an auxiliary international language; based on words common to English and the Romance languages


pos: n
definition:
an artificial international language using characters (as mathematical symbols) instead of words to express ideas


pos: n
definition:
an artificial language for international use that rejects all existing words and is based instead on an abstract analysis of ideas


pos: n
definition:
one of the first artificial language constructed for use as an auxiliary international language; based largely on English but with some German and French and Latin roots


pos: n
definition:
(from a combination of ALGOrithmic and Language); a programming language used to express computer programs as algorithms


pos: n
definition:
a high-level programing language for mathematical and scientific purposes; stands for formula translation


pos: n
definition:
a popular programming language that is relatively easy to learn; an acronym for beginner's all-purpose symbolic instruction code; no longer in general use


pos: n
definition:
an indigenous language that contributes features to the language of an invading people who impose their language on the indigenous population


pos: n
definition:
the language of a later invading people that is imposed on an indigenous population and contributes features to their language


pos: n
definition:
family of North American Indian languages spoken from Labrador to South Carolina and west to the Great Plains


pos: n
definition:
an indigenous and isolated language of unknown origin spoken by the Chukchi that is pronounced differently by men and women


pos: n
definition:
any of the Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in China; regarded as dialects of a single language (even though they are mutually unintelligible) because they share an ideographic writing system


pos: n
definition:
the dialect of Chinese spoken in Canton and neighboring provinces and in Hong Kong and elsewhere outside China


pos: n
definition:
official language of the Philippines; based on Tagalog; draws its lexicon from other Philippine languages


pos: n
definition:
language of the people of Cebu in the Philippines; its lexicon contributes to the official language of the Philippines


pos: n
definition:
any of the indigenous languages spoken in Papua New Guinea or New Britain or the Solomon Islands that are not Malayo-Polynesian languages


pos: n
definition:
a Thraco-Phrygian language spoken by the ancient people of Thrace but extinct by the early Middle Ages


pos: n
definition:
a Thraco-Phrygian language spoken by the ancient inhabitants of Phrygia and now extinct--preserved only in a few inscriptions


pos: n
definition:
a branch of the Indo-European family of languages related to the Slavonic languages; Baltic languages have preserved many archaic features that are believed to have existed in Proto-Indo European


pos: n
definition:
a branch of the Indo-European family of languages; members that are spoken currently fall into two major groups: Scandinavian and West Germanic


pos: n
definition:
an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries


pos: n
definition:
a nonstandard form of American English characteristically spoken by African Americans in the United States


pos: n
definition:
a dialect of High German including some Hebrew and other words; spoken in Europe as a vernacular by many Jews; written in the Hebrew script


pos: n
definition:
either of two distinct works in Old Icelandic dating from the late 13th century and consisting of 34 mythological and heroic ballads composed between 800 and 1200; the primary source for Scandinavian mythology


pos: n
definition:
a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Sweden and one of two official languages of Finland


pos: n
definition:
a West Germanic language spoken in Friesland in the northwestern Netherlands; a near relative of English


pos: n
definition:
extinct East Germanic language of the ancient Goths; the only surviving record being fragments of a 4th-century translation of the Bible by Bishop Ulfilas


pos: n
definition:
one of two branches of the Finno-Ugric languages; a family of languages including Finnish and Estonian (but not Hungarian)


pos: n
definition:
one of the two branches of the Finno-Ugric family of languages; spoken in Hungary and northwestern Siberia


pos: n
definition:
a branch of the Indo-European languages that (judging from inscriptions and place names) was spread widely over Europe in the pre-Christian era


pos: n
definition:
the ancient Gaelic formerly spoken on the Isle of Man; the language is sometimes used on ceremonial occasions


pos: n
definition:
the Italian dialect spoken in Sardinia; sometimes considered a separate language with many loan words from Spanish


pos: n
definition:
a language spoken in Galicia in northwestern Spain; it is between Portuguese and Spanish but closer to Portuguese; sometimes considered a Portuguese or Spanish dialect


pos: n
definition:
the Rhaeto-Romance language spoken in southeastern Switzerland; it is an official language of Switzerland


pos: n
definition:
a branch of the Indo-European language family that originated in central Asia during the first millennium A.D.


pos: n
definition:
(Hinduism) an ancient language of India (the language of the Vedas and of Hinduism); an official language of India although it is now used only for religious purposes


pos: n
definition:
the official literary language of Pakistan, closely related to Hindi; widely used in India (mostly by Moslems); written in Arabic script


pos: n
definition:
the most widely spoken of modern Indic vernaculars; spoken mostly in the north of India; along with English it is the official language of India; usually written in Devanagari script


pos: n
definition:
a Magadhan language that is spoken by the Oriya and is the official language of the Indian state of Orissa


pos: n
definition:
an Indic language; the state language of Maharashtra in west central India; written in the Devanagari script


pos: n
definition:
any of the vernacular Indic languages of north and central India (as distinguished from Sanskrit) recorded from the 3rd century BC to the 4th century AD


pos: n
definition:
an ancient Prakrit language (derived from Sanskrit) that is the scriptural and liturgical language of Theravada Buddhism


pos: n
definition:
an extinct branch of the Indo-European family of languages known from inscriptions and important in the reconstruction of Proto-Indo European


pos: n
definition:
the language of the Hittites and the principal language of the Anatolian group of languages; deciphered from cuneiform inscriptions


pos: n
definition:
a Dravidian language closely related to Tamil that is spoken in a hilly section of southwestern India


pos: n
definition:
an independent group of closely related Chadic languages spoken in the area between the Biu-Mandara and East Chadic languages


pos: n
definition:
a family of Afroasiatic tonal languages (mostly two tones) spoken in the regions west and south of Lake Chad in north central Africa


pos: n
definition:
the ancient Canaanitic language of the Hebrews that has been revived as the official language of Israel


pos: n
definition:
the dominant and official language of Ethiopia; a Semitic language much influenced by the Cushitic language with which Amhara have been in close contact


pos: n
definition:
a Semitic language originally of the ancient Arameans but still spoken by other people in southwestern Asia


pos: n
definition:
the national language of the Republic of Malta; a Semitic language derived from Arabic but with many loan words from Italian, Spanish, and Norman-French


pos: n
definition:
the ancient and now extinct language of Egypt under the Pharaohs; written records date back to 3000 BC


pos: n
definition:
the liturgical language of the Coptic Church used in Egypt and Ethiopia; written in the Greek alphabet


pos: n
definition:
a cluster of related dialects that were once the major language of northern Africa west of Egypt; now spoken mostly in Morocco


pos: n
definition:
a group of related languages spoken in a valley of southern Ethiopia; closely related to Cushitic languages


pos: n
definition:
any of the mutually intelligible southern Bantu languages of the Sotho in Botswana and South Africa and Lesotho


pos: n
definition:
the most widely spoken Bantu languages; the official language of Kenya and Tanzania and widely used as a lingua franca in east and central Africa


pos: n
definition:
a family of languages of the Fulani of West Africa and used as a lingua franca in the sub-Saharan regions from Senegal to Chad; the best known of the West African languages


pos: n
definition:
a group of African languages in the Niger-Congo group spoken from Senegal east as far as the Ivory Coast


pos: n
definition:
a visual representation of the relations between certain quantities plotted with reference to a set of axes


pos: n
definition:
a bar chart representing a frequency distribution; heights of the bars represent observed frequencies


pos: n
definition:
an analysis (often in graphical form) representing the extent to which something exhibits various characteristics


pos: n
definition:
a graphical recording of the electrical activity of the retina that results when light is flashed into the eye


pos: n
definition:
graphical representation (in polar or Cartesian coordinates) of the spatial distribution of radiation from an antenna as a function of angle


pos: n
definition:
the enhanced response of an antenna in a given direction as indicated by a loop in its radiation pattern


pos: n
definition:
drama in which the protagonist is overcome by some superior force or circumstance; excites terror or pity


pos: n
definition:
a dramatic composition involving elements of both tragedy and comedy usually with the tragic predominating


pos: n
definition:
a theatrical entertainment of broad and earthy humor; consists of comic skits and short turns (and sometimes striptease)


pos: n
definition:
an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner


pos: n
definition:
traditional genre of music conforming to an established form and appealing to critical interest and developed musical taste


pos: n
definition:
a drama set to music; consists of singing with orchestral accompaniment and an orchestral overture and interludes


pos: n
definition:
(counterpoint) a variation of a melody or part in which ascending intervals are replaced by descending intervals and vice versa


pos: n
definition:
the appropriation of a new style (especially in popular music) by combining elements of different genres in order to appeal to a wider audience


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) an antiphon (usually from the Book of Psalms) immediately after the epistle at Mass


pos: n
definition:
a liturgical prayer (considered to be the essence of Jewish religion) that is recited at least twice daily by adult Jewish males to declare their faith


pos: n
definition:
(Judaism) a chant of praise (Psalms 113 through 118) used at Passover and Shabuoth and Sukkoth and Hanukkah and Rosh Hodesh


pos: n
definition:
(ancient Greece) a hymn of praise (especially one sung in ancient Greece to invoke or thank a deity)


pos: n
definition:
(music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) in which musical themes that were introduced earlier are repeated


pos: n
definition:
a musical composition or musical passage to be performed at a somewhat quicker tempo than andante but not as fast as allegro


pos: n
definition:
composition (often improvised) for a solo instrument (especially solo organ) and not a regular part of a religious service or musical performance


pos: n
definition:
a short composition for a solo instrument; intended as an exercise or to demonstrate technical virtuosity


pos: n
definition:
a baroque musical composition (usually for a keyboard instrument) with full chords and rapid elaborate runs in a rhythmically free style


pos: n
definition:
(music) a composition or passage played in a slow tempo slightly faster than largo but slower than adagio


pos: n
definition:
a type of folksong that originated among Black Americans at the beginning of the 20th century; has a melancholy sound from repeated use of blue notes


pos: n
definition:
a partsong in which voices follow each other; one voice starts and others join in one after another until all are singing different parts of the song at the same time


pos: n
definition:
20th century music that uses a definite order of notes as a thematic basis for a musical composition


pos: n
definition:
popular dance music (especially in the late 1970s); melodic with a regular bass beat; intended mainly for dancing at discotheques


pos: n
definition:
music of general appeal to teenagers; a bland watered-down version of rock'n'roll with more rhythm and harmony and an emphasis on romantic love


pos: n
definition:
the traditional and typically anonymous music that is an expression of the life of people in a community


pos: n
definition:
a kind of danceable music popular among black South Africans; includes a whistle among its instruments


pos: n
definition:
folk music consisting of a genre of a cappella music originating with Black slaves in the United States and featuring call and response; influential on the development of other genres of popular music (especially soul)


pos: n
definition:
a genre of popular music that originated in New Orleans around 1900 and developed through increasingly complex styles


pos: n
definition:
an earthy type of jazz combining it with blues and soul; has a heavy bass line that accentuates the first beat in the bar


pos: n
definition:
genre of African-American music of the 1980s and 1990s in which rhyming lyrics are chanted to a musical accompaniment; several forms of rap have emerged


pos: n
definition:
a fusion of black music and country music that was popular in the 1950s; sometimes described as blues with a country beat


pos: n
definition:
a genre of popular music originating in the 1950s; a blend of black rhythm-and-blues with white country-and-western


pos: n
definition:
rock music with deliberately offensive lyrics expressing anger and social alienation; in part a reaction against progressive rock


pos: n
definition:
a style of jazz played by big bands popular in the 1930s; flowing rhythms but less complex than later styles of jazz


pos: n
definition:
popular music originating in the West Indies; repetitive bass riffs and regular chords played on the off beat by a guitar


pos: n
definition:
a style of popular music in the 1950s; based on American folk music and played on guitars and improvised percussion instruments


pos: n
definition:
a way of expressing something (in language or art or music etc.) that is characteristic of a particular person or group of people or period


pos: n
definition:
the use of closed-class words instead of inflections: e.g., `the father of the bride' instead of `the bride's father'


pos: n
definition:
(music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated


pos: n
definition:
a colloquial expression; characteristic of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech


pos: n
definition:
a single tone repeated with different words or different rhythms (especially in rendering liturgical texts)


pos: n
definition:
terseness and economy in writing and speaking achieved by expressing a great deal in just a few words


pos: n
definition:
repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning and another at the end of successive clauses, i.e., simultaneous use of anaphora and epistrophe


pos: n
definition:
strained or paradoxical use of words either in error (as `blatant' to mean `flagrant') or deliberately (as in a mixed metaphor: `blind mouths')


pos: n
definition:
a rhetorical device in which the speaker reproaches the audience in order to incite or convince them


pos: n
definition:
understatement for rhetorical effect (especially when expressing an affirmative by negating its contrary)


pos: n
definition:
using several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted (as in `he ran and jumped and laughed for joy')


pos: n
definition:
a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity


pos: n
definition:
substituting the name of an attribute or feature for the name of the thing itself (as in `they counted heads')


pos: n
definition:
a figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between things of different kinds (usually formed with `like' or `as')


pos: n
definition:
(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language


pos: n
definition:
(linguistics) the phonemes (or strings of phonemes) that constitute the various allomorphs of a morpheme


pos: n
definition:
(linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language


pos: n
definition:
a vowel whose quality or length is changed to indicate linguistic distinctions (such as sing sang sung song)


pos: n
definition:
a vowel sound that starts near the articulatory position for one vowel and moves toward the position for another


pos: n
definition:
a semivowel produced with the tongue near the palate (like the initial sound in the English word `yeast')


pos: n
definition:
a consonant that is produced with a partial or complete blockage of the airflow from the lungs through the nose or mouth


pos: n
definition:
a composite speech sound consisting of a stop and a fricative articulated at the same point (as `ch' in `chair' and `j' in `joy')


pos: n
definition:
the utterance of a sound similar to clearing the throat; intended to get attention, express hesitancy, fill a pause, hide embarrassment, warn a friend, etc.


pos: n
definition:
two words are homophones if they are pronounced the same way but differ in meaning or spelling or both (e.g. bare and bear)


pos: n
definition:
the aspect of pronunciation that involves bringing articulatory organs together so as to shape the sounds of speech


pos: n
definition:
the articulatory process whereby the pronunciation of a word or morpheme changes when it is followed immediately by another (especially in fluent speech)


pos: n
definition:
the articulation of a consonant (especially the consonant `r') with a rapid flutter of the tongue against the palate or uvula


pos: n
definition:
(law) a courtroom conference between the lawyers and the judge that is held out of the jury's hearing


pos: n
definition:
a press conference or interview in which a government official explains to reporters the background of an action or policy


pos: n
definition:
(law) a conference held before the trial begins to bring the parties together to outline discovery proceedings and to define the issues to be tried; more useful in civil than in criminal cases


pos: n
definition:
a conference of people who are in different locations that is made possible by the use of such telecommunications equipment as closed-circuit television


pos: n
definition:
the explicit and formal acknowledgement of a government or of the national independence of a country


pos: n
definition:
negotiations between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics opened in 1969 in Helsinki designed to limit both countries' stock of nuclear weapons


pos: n
definition:
(law) the hearing and determination of a dispute by an impartial referee agreed to by both parties (often used to settle disputes between labor and management)


pos: n
definition:
a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people


pos: n
definition:
a feature (as a pronunciation or expression or custom) that is characteristic of a particular region


pos: n
definition:
a long utterance by one person (especially one that prevents others from participating in the conversation)


pos: n
definition:
informal language consisting of words and expressions that are not considered appropriate for formal occasions; often vituperative or vulgar


pos: n
definition:
a formal written offer to sell securities (filed with the SEC) that sets forth a plan for a (proposed) business enterprise


pos: n
definition:
something (manuscripts or architectural plans and models or estimates or works of art of all genres etc.) submitted for the judgment of others (as in a competition)


pos: n
definition:
(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed


pos: n
definition:
the endeavor of a Moslem scholar to derive a rule of divine law from the Koran and Hadith without relying on the views of other scholars; by the end of the 10th century theologians decided that debate on such matters would be closed and Muslim theology and law were frozen


pos: n
definition:
a kind of misinterpretation resulting from putting a wrong construction on words or actions (often deliberately)


pos: n
definition:
a difference (especially an unfortunate difference) between two opinions or two views or two situations


pos: n
definition:
the act of requiring; an authoritative request or demand, especially by a military or public authority that takes something over (usually temporarily) for military or public use


pos: n
definition:
a demand by a broker that a customer deposit enough to bring his margin up to the minimum requirement


pos: n
definition:
(law) questioning of a witness by the party that called the witness after that witness has been subject to cross-examination


pos: n
definition:
the questioning of a person (or a conversation in which information is elicited); often conducted by journalists


pos: n
definition:
(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case


pos: n
definition:
(law) an agreement or concession made by parties in a judicial proceeding (or by their attorneys) relating to the business before the court; must be in writing unless they are part of the court record


pos: n
definition:
a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program


pos: n
definition:
a federal warning system that is activated by FEMA; enables the President to take over the United States airwaves to warn the whole country of major catastrophic events


pos: n
definition:
a mutual promise of a couple not to date anyone else; on college campuses it was once signaled by the giving of a fraternity pin


pos: n
definition:
a solemn pledge (to oneself or to another or to a deity) to do something or to behave in a certain manner


pos: n
definition:
an appearance by actors or performers at the end of the concert or play in order to acknowledge the applause of the audience


pos: n
definition:
naming a letter of the alphabet by using a word whose initial sound is the sound represented by that letter


pos: n
definition:
the act of making clear or removing obscurity from the meaning of a word or symbol or expression etc.


pos: n
definition:
an allegation that something imposes an illegal obligation or denies some legal right or causes injustice


pos: n
definition:
(United Kingdom) a written statement of the grounds of complaint made to court of law asking for the grievance to be redressed


pos: n
definition:
an address (usually at a political convention) proposing the name of a candidate to run for election


pos: n
definition:
the formal presentation of a stated proposition and the opposition to it (usually followed by a vote)


pos: n
definition:
recitation of a speech from memory with studied gestures and intonation as an exercise in elocution or rhetoric


pos: n
definition:
a farewell oration (especially one delivered during graduation exercises by an outstanding member of a graduating class)


pos: n
definition:
the act of persuading (or attempting to persuade); communication intended to induce belief or action


pos: n
definition:
persuading not to do or believe something; talking someone out of a belief or an intended course of action


pos: n
definition:
a short ad in a newspaper or magazine (usually in small print) and appearing along with other ads of the same type


pos: n
definition:
phenomena that appear to contradict physical laws and suggest the possibility of causation by mental processes


pos: n
definition:
a truncated cloth cone mounted on a mast; used (e.g., at airports) to show the direction of the wind


pos: n
definition:
a surveyor's mark on a permanent object of predetermined position and elevation used as a reference point


pos: n
definition:
a rule describing the conversion of one syntactic structure into another related syntactic structure


pos: n
definition:
(baseball) a measure of a pitcher's effectiveness; calculated as the average number of earned runs allowed by the pitcher for every nine innings pitched


pos: n
definition:
a measure of a student's academic achievement at a college or university; calculated by dividing the total number of grade points received by the total number attempted


pos: n
definition:
a blinking light on a motor vehicle that indicates the direction in which the vehicle is about to turn


pos: n
definition:
a device that, on receiving radar signals, transmits coded signals in response to help navigators determine their position


pos: n
definition:
bright-colored; a float attached by rope to the seabed to mark channels in a harbor or underwater hazards


pos: n
definition:
an annual award by the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences for outstanding achievements in television


pos: n
definition:
an annual award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for achievements in motion picture production and performance


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) a graphic symbol (usually a simple picture) that denotes a program or a command or a data file or a concept in a graphical user interface


pos: n
definition:
a cancellation mark stamped on mail by postal officials; indicates the post office and date of mailing


pos: n
definition:
a distinguishing mark impressed on paper during manufacture; visible when paper is held up to the light


pos: n
definition:
a symbol (like x or y) that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a variable quantity


pos: n
definition:
a symbol in a logical or mathematical expression that can be replaced by the name of any member of specified set


pos: n
definition:
a label written or printed on paper, cardboard, or plastic that is attached to something to indicate its owner, nature, price, etc.


pos: n
definition:
something that has been transcribed; a written record (usually typewritten) of dictated or recorded speech


pos: n
definition:
a request by the manufacturer of a defective product to return the product (as for replacement or repair)


pos: n
definition:
an instrumental composition that doesn't adhere to rules for any specific musical form and is played with improvisation


pos: n
definition:
an unaccompanied choral composition with sacred lyrics; intended to be sung as part of a church service; originated in the 13th century


pos: n
definition:
a book published annually by the graduating class of a high school or college usually containing photographs of faculty and graduating students


pos: n
definition:
an abrupt change in the course of a stream that forms the boundary between two parcels of land resulting in the loss of part of the land of one landowner and a consequent increase in the land of another


pos: n
definition:
(psychology) modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct (especially a sexual one) to one that is socially acceptable


pos: n
definition:
a sudden and unexpected change of fortune or reverse of circumstances (especially in a literary work)


pos: n
definition:
a fire that is set intentionally in order to slow an approaching forest fire or grassfire by clearing a burned area in its path


pos: n
definition:
a political scandal involving abuse of power and bribery and obstruction of justice; led to the resignation of Richard Nixon in 1974


pos: n
definition:
the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding


pos: n
definition:
(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule


pos: n
definition:
the formal separation of a church into two churches or the withdrawal of one group over doctrinal differences


pos: n
definition:
a severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death


pos: n
definition:
a malfunction in the flight of an aircraft in which there is a sudden loss of lift that results in a downward plunge


pos: n
definition:
(Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation


pos: n
definition:
the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel; from the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem in 587-86 BC when they were exiled to Babylonia up to the present time


pos: n
definition:
a variation in circumstances or fortune at different times in your life or in the development of something


pos: n
definition:
an unexpected but vivid recurrence of a past experience (especially a recurrence of the effects of an hallucinogenic drug taken much earlier)


pos: n
definition:
(physics) a quantum of energy or quasiparticle that can be propagated as a traveling wave in nonlinear systems and is neither preceded nor followed by another such disturbance; does not obey the superposition principle and does not dissipate


pos: n
definition:
(physics) a short-lived oscillation in a system caused by a sudden change of voltage or current or load


pos: n
definition:
the shape of a wave illustrated graphically by plotting the values of the period quantity against time


pos: n
definition:
one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)


pos: n
definition:
(Christianity) the taking up of the body and soul of the Virgin Mary when her earthly life had ended


pos: n
definition:
descent of the uterus into the pelvic cavity that occurs late in pregnancy; the fetus is said to have dropped


pos: n
definition:
initial adjustments to improve the functioning or the efficiency and to bring to a more satisfactory state


pos: n
definition:
(physics) a combining of charges or transfer of electrons in a gas that results in the neutralization of ions; important for ions arising from the passage of high-energy particles


pos: n
definition:
a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech


pos: n
definition:
a rapid series of short loud sounds (as might be heard with a stethoscope in some types of respiratory disorders)


pos: n
definition:
a sound like whistling or snoring that is heard with a stethoscope during expiration as air passes through obstructed channels


pos: n
definition:
the noise produced by the rapid movement of a finger from the tip to the base of the thumb on the same hand


pos: n
definition:
(music) a pulsating effect in an instrumental or vocal tone produced by slight and rapid variations in pitch


pos: n
definition:
the widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood


pos: n
definition:
the contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery


pos: n
definition:
a high wave (often dangerous) caused by tidal flow (as by colliding tidal currents or in a narrow estuary)


pos: n
definition:
a stretch of turbulent water in a river or the sea caused by one current flowing into or across another current


pos: n
definition:
a loud noise made by the explosion of fuel in the manifold or exhaust of an internal combustion engine


pos: n
definition:
(cosmology) a brief exponential expansion of the universe (faster than the speed of light) postulated to have occurred shortly after the big bang


pos: n
definition:
the flash of light that accompanies an electric discharge in the atmosphere (or something resembling such a flash); can scintillate for a second or more


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) apparent meeting or passing of two or more celestial bodies in the same degree of the zodiac


pos: n
definition:
(physics) the change of one chemical element into another (as by nuclear decay or radioactive bombardment)


pos: n
definition:
an event marking a unique or important historical change of course or one on which important developments depend


pos: n
definition:
(electronics) a sharp transient wave in the normal electrical state (or a series of such transients)


pos: n
definition:
(electronics) equipment failure attributable to some defect in a circuit (loose connection or insulation failure or short circuit etc.)


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a chromosome is reversed


pos: n
definition:
(genetics) a kind of mutation in which a chromosomal segment is transfered to a new position on the same or another chromosome


pos: n
definition:
shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity


pos: n
definition:
small rapid variations in a waveform resulting from fluctuations in the voltage supply or mechanical vibrations or other sources


pos: n
definition:
the process of exuding; the slow escape of liquids from blood vessels through pores or breaks in the cell membranes


pos: n
definition:
an epidemic that is geographically widespread; occurring throughout a region or even throughout the world


pos: n
definition:
creation by the physical union of male and female gametes; of sperm and ova in an animal or pollen and ovule in a plant


pos: n
definition:
fertilization of two or more ova released during the same menstrual cycle by sperm from separate acts of coitus (especially by different males)


pos: n
definition:
fertilization of a second ovum after a pregnancy has begun; results in two fetuses of different ages in the uterus at the same time


pos: n
definition:
the sound of a bell rung in Roman Catholic churches to announce the time when the Angelus should be recited


pos: n
definition:
an informal social gathering at which there is Scottish or Irish folk music and singing and folk dancing and story telling


pos: n
definition:
an elaborate Hawaiian feast or party (especially one accompanied by traditional foods and entertainment)


pos: n
definition:
a ceremonial feast held by some Indians of the northwestern coast of North America (as in celebrating a marriage or a new accession) in which the host gives gifts to tribesmen and others to display his superior wealth (sometimes, formerly, to his own impoverishment)


pos: n
definition:
an occasion of spending a night away from home or having a guest spend the night in your home (especially as a party for children)


pos: n
definition:
a foolhardy competition; a dangerous activity that is continued until one competitor becomes afraid and stops


pos: n
definition:
a race (especially in rowing) in which runners-up in the eliminating heats compete for a place in the final race


pos: n
definition:
one of the four competitions in an elimination tournament whose winners go on to play in the semifinals


pos: n
definition:
a sudden large decline of business or the prices of stocks (especially one that causes additional failures)


pos: n
definition:
(psychoanalysis) a combination of emotions and impulses that have been rejected from awareness but still influence a person's behavior


pos: n
definition:
a form of sexual desire in which gratification depends to an abnormal degree on some object or item of clothing or part of the body


pos: n
definition:
chafing between two skin surfaces that are in contact (as in the armpit or under the breasts or between the thighs)


pos: n
definition:
an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)


pos: n
definition:
a vague unpleasant emotion that is experienced in anticipation of some (usually ill-defined) misfortune


pos: n
definition:
an acute but unspecific feeling of anxiety; usually reserved for philosophical anxiety about the world or about personal freedom


pos: n
definition:
selfless love of one person for another without sexual implications (especially love that is spiritual in nature)


pos: n
definition:
flour made by grinding the entire wheat berry including the bran; (`whole meal flour' is British usage)


pos: n
definition:
a protein substance that remains when starch is removed from cereal grains; gives cohesiveness to dough


pos: n
definition:
whatever happens to be available especially when offered to an unexpected guest or when brought by guests and shared by all


pos: n
definition:
a light evening meal; served in early evening if dinner is at midday or served late in the evening at bedtime


pos: n
definition:
a cookout in which food is cooked over an open fire; especially a whole animal carcass roasted on a spit


pos: n
definition:
a cookout at the seashore where clams and fish and other foods are cooked--usually on heated stones covered with seaweed


pos: n
definition:
an appetizer consisting usually of a thin slice of bread or toast spread with caviar or cheese or other savory food


pos: n
definition:
highly seasoned Mediterranean soup or stew made of several kinds of fish and shellfish with tomatoes and onions or leeks and seasoned with saffron and garlic and herbs


pos: n
definition:
pieces of chicken or other meat stewed in gravy with e.g. carrots and onions and served with noodles or dumplings


pos: n
definition:
an assortment of foods starting with herring or smoked eel or salmon etc with bread and butter; then cheeses and eggs and pickled vegetables and aspics; finally hot foods; served as a buffet meal


pos: n
definition:
an Italian dessert consisting of layers of sponge cake soaked with coffee and brandy or liqueur layered with mascarpone cheese and topped with grated chocolate


pos: n
definition:
a cold pudding made of layers of sponge cake spread with fruit or jelly; may be decorated with nuts, cream, or chocolate


pos: n
definition:
a frozen dessert made primarily of fruit juice and sugar, but also containing milk or egg-white or gelatin


pos: n
definition:
a rich frozen pudding made of chopped chestnuts and maraschino cherries and candied fruits and liqueur or rum


pos: n
definition:
a tart filled with rich unsweetened custard; often contains other ingredients (as cheese or ham or seafood or vegetables)


pos: n
definition:
individual serving of minced e.g. meat or fish in a rich creamy sauce baked in a small pastry mold or timbale shell


pos: n
definition:
a rich cake with two or more tiers and covered with frosting and decorations; served at a wedding reception


pos: n
definition:
puffy mildly sweet lemon-flavored egg mixture sprinkled with confectioners' sugar and served with jam or a wine or fruit sauce


pos: n
definition:
an edible jelly (sweet or pungent) made with gelatin and used as a dessert or salad base or a coating for foods


pos: n
definition:
flesh of a chicken (or game bird) split down the back and grilled (usually immediately after being killed)


pos: n
definition:
large steak from the thick end of the short loin containing a T-shaped bone and large piece of tenderloin


pos: n
definition:
heart and liver and other edible viscera especially of hogs; usually chopped and formed into a loaf and braised


pos: n
definition:
sausage or jellied loaf made of chopped parts of the head meat and sometimes feet and tongue of a calf or pig


pos: n
definition:
mixture of ground raw chicken and mushrooms with pistachios and truffles and onions and parsley and lots of butter and bound with eggs


pos: n
definition:
(Judaism) a loaf of white bread containing eggs and leavened with yeast; often formed into braided loaves and glazed with eggs before baking


pos: n
definition:
a thin crisp wafer made of flour and water with or without leavening and shortening; unsweetened or semisweet


pos: n
definition:
thin disk of unleavened bread used in a religious service (especially in the celebration of the Eucharist)


pos: n
definition:
thin usually unleavened johnnycake made of cornmeal; originally baked on the blade of a hoe over an open fire (southern)


pos: n
definition:
small biscuit (rich with cream and eggs) cut into diamonds or sticks and baked in an oven or (especially originally) on a griddle


pos: n
definition:
rolled dough spread with sugar and nuts then sliced and baked in muffin tins with honey or sugar and butter in the bottom


pos: n
definition:
very short biscuit dough baked as individual biscuits or a round loaf; served with sweetened fruit and usually whipped cream


pos: n
definition:
a large sandwich made of a long crusty roll split lengthwise and filled with meats and cheese (and tomato and onion and lettuce and condiments); different names are used in different sections of the United States


pos: n
definition:
(Italian) a small dumpling made of potato or flour or semolina that is boiled or baked and is usually served with a sauce or with grated cheese


pos: n
definition:
edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits of any of numerous herbaceous plant


pos: n
definition:
any of various herbaceous plants whose leaves or stems or flowers are cooked and used for food or seasoning


pos: n
definition:
edible tuberous root of various yam plants of the genus Dioscorea grown in the tropics world-wide for food


pos: n
definition:
cylindrical green fruit with thin green rind and white flesh eaten as a vegetable; related to melons


pos: n
definition:
the most highly proteinaceous vegetable known; the fruit of the soybean plant is used in a variety of foods and as fodder (especially as a replacement for animal protein)


pos: n
definition:
only parts eaten are roots and especially stalks (blanched and used as celery); related to artichokes


pos: n
definition:
usually large pulpy deep-yellow round fruit of the squash family maturing in late summer or early autumn


pos: n
definition:
pod of the peanut vine containing usually 2 nuts or seeds; `groundnut' and `monkey nut' are British terms


pos: n
definition:
early-ripening apple popular in the northeastern United States; primarily eaten raw but suitable for applesauce


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous small and pulpy edible fruits; used as desserts or in making jams and jellies and preserves


pos: n
definition:
large sweet black or very dark purple edible aggregate fruit of any of various bushes of the genus Rubus


pos: n
definition:
deeply ridged yellow-brown tropical fruit; used raw as a vegetable or in salad or when fully ripe as a dessert


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous varieties of small to medium-sized round or oval fruit having a smooth skin and a single pit


pos: n
definition:
a large round seedless or seeded fruit with a texture like bread; eaten boiled or baked or roasted or ground into flour; the roasted seeds resemble chestnuts


pos: n
definition:
immense East Indian fruit resembling breadfruit; it contains an edible pulp and nutritious seeds that are commonly roasted


pos: n
definition:
the fruit of a variety of winter melon vine; a large smooth greenish-white melon with pale green flesh


pos: n
definition:
large oblong or roundish melon with a hard green rind and sweet watery red or occasionally yellowish pulp


pos: n
definition:
whitish tropical fruit with a pinkish tinge related to custard apples; grown in the southern United States


pos: n
definition:
maroon-purple gooseberry-like fruit of India having tart-sweet purple pulp used especially for preserves


pos: n
definition:
huge fruit native to southeastern Asia `smelling like Hell and tasting like Heaven'; seeds are roasted and eaten like nuts


pos: n
definition:
round one-inch Caribbean fruit with green leathery skin and sweet juicy translucent pulp; eaten like grapes


pos: n
definition:
yellow olive-sized semitropical fruit with a large free stone and relatively little flesh; used for jellies


pos: n
definition:
large tropical seed pod with very tangy pulp that is eaten fresh or cooked with rice and fish or preserved for curries and chutneys


pos: n
definition:
a pear-shaped tropical fruit with green or blackish skin and rich yellowish pulp enclosing a single large seed


pos: n
definition:
Chinese fruit having a thin brittle shell enclosing a sweet jellylike pulp and a single seed; often dried


pos: n
definition:
large hard-shelled oval nut with a fibrous husk containing thick white meat surrounding a central cavity filled (when fresh) with fluid or milk


pos: n
definition:
important warm-water fatty fish of the genus Thunnus of the family Scombridae; usually served as steaks


pos: n
definition:
flesh of mostly Pacific food fishes of the genus Sarda of the family Scombridae; related to but smaller than tuna


pos: n
definition:
a blowfish highly prized as a delicacy in Japan but highly dangerous because the skin and organs are poisonous


pos: n
definition:
any of numerous small food fishes; especially those caught with hook and line and not available on the market


pos: n
definition:
the fatty flesh of eel; an elongate fish found in fresh water in Europe and America; large eels are usually smoked or pickled


pos: n
definition:
valuable flesh of fatty fish from shallow waters of northern Atlantic or Pacific; usually salted or pickled


pos: n
definition:
oysters originally from Long Island Sound but now from anywhere along the northeastern seacoast; usually eaten raw


pos: n
definition:
Atlantic coast round clams with hard shells; large clams usually used for chowders or other clam dishes


pos: n
definition:
lean white flesh of fish similar to but smaller than cod; usually baked or poached or as fillets sauteed or fried


pos: n
definition:
warm-water lobsters without claws; those from Australia and South Africa usually marketed as frozen tails; caught also in Florida and California


pos: n
definition:
edible muscle of mollusks having fan-shaped shells; served broiled or poached or in salads or cream sauces


pos: n
definition:
bony flesh of herring-like fish usually caught during their migration to fresh water for spawning; especially of Atlantic coast


pos: n
definition:
coarse food (especially for livestock) composed of entire plants or the leaves and stalks of a cereal crop


pos: n
definition:
the dried stalks and leaves of a field crop (especially corn) used as animal fodder after the grain has been harvested


pos: n
definition:
wet feed (especially for pigs) consisting of mostly kitchen waste mixed with water or skimmed or sour milk


pos: n
definition:
food mixtures either arranged on a plate or tossed and served with a moist dressing; usually consisting of or including greens


pos: n
definition:
cooked meats and eggs and vegetables usually arranged in rows around the plate and dressed with a salad dressing


pos: n
definition:
ground dried berrylike fruit of a West Indian allspice tree; suggesting combined flavors of cinnamon and nutmeg and cloves


pos: n
definition:
an herb whose leaves are used to flavor sauces and punches; young leaves can be eaten in salads or cooked


pos: n
definition:
fresh ferny parsley-like leaves used as a garnish with chicken and veal and omelets and green salads and spinach


pos: n
definition:
leaves sometimes used for flavoring fruit or claret cup but should be used with great caution: can cause irritation like poison ivy


pos: n
definition:
a spicy condiment made of chopped fruits or vegetables cooked in vinegar and sugar with ginger and spices


pos: n
definition:
(East Indian cookery) a pungent dish of vegetables or meats flavored with curry powder and usually eaten with rice


pos: n
definition:
mixtures of vinegar or wine and oil with various spices and seasonings; used for soaking foods before cooking


pos: n
definition:
sour-tasting liquid produced usually by oxidation of the alcohol in wine or cider and used as a condiment or food preservative


pos: n
definition:
a sauce typically served with pasta; contains crushed basil leaves and garlic and pine nuts and Parmesan cheese in olive oil


pos: n
definition:
savory dressings for salads; basically of two kinds: either the thin French or vinaigrette type or the creamy mayonnaise type


pos: n
definition:
brown sauce with tomatoes and a caramelized mixture of minced carrots and onions and celery seasoned with Madeira


pos: n
definition:
a sauce made by adding stock, flour, or other ingredients to the juice and fat that drips from cooking meats


pos: n
definition:
the white part of an egg; the nutritive and protective gelatinous substance surrounding the yolk consisting mainly of albumin dissolved in water


pos: n
definition:
beaten eggs or an egg mixture cooked until just set; may be folded around e.g. ham or cheese or jelly


pos: n
definition:
light fluffy dish of egg yolks and stiffly beaten egg whites mixed with e.g. cheese or fish or fruit


pos: n
definition:
a milk substitute containing soybean flour and water; used in some infant formulas and in making tofu


pos: n
definition:
(usually plural) a part of a fruit or vegetable that is pared or cut off; especially the skin or peel


pos: n
definition:
a thick paste made from fermented soybeans and barley or rice malt; used in Japanese cooking to make soups or sauces


pos: n
definition:
the thick green root of the wasabi plant that the Japanese use in cooking and that tastes like strong horseradish; in powder or paste form it is often eaten with raw fish


pos: n
definition:
a thick spread made from mashed chickpeas, tahini, lemon juice and garlic; used especially as a dip for pita; originated in the Middle East


pos: n
definition:
a Russian dish made with patties of ground meat (mixed with onions and bread and milk) and served with a sauce of sour cream


pos: n
definition:
Italian omelet with diced vegetables and meats; cooked until bottom is set then inverted into another pan to cook the top


pos: n
definition:
made of sheep's or calf's viscera minced with oatmeal and suet and onions and boiled in the animal's stomach


pos: n
definition:
spicy Creole dish of rice and ham, sausage, chicken, or shellfish with tomatoes, peppers, onions, and celery


pos: n
definition:
casserole of eggplant and ground lamb with onion and tomatoes bound with white sauce and beaten eggs


pos: n
definition:
rice cooked in well-seasoned broth with onions or celery and usually poultry or game or shellfish and sometimes tomatoes


pos: n
definition:
Italian open pie made of thin bread dough spread with a spiced mixture of e.g. tomato sauce and cheese


pos: n
definition:
pot roast marinated several days in seasoned vinegar before cooking; usually served with potato dumplings


pos: n
definition:
thin beef strips (or chicken or pork) cooked briefly at the table with onions and greens and soy sauce


pos: n
definition:
a general name for alcoholic beverages made by fermenting a cereal (or mixture of cereals) flavored with hops


pos: n
definition:
a very strong lager traditionally brewed in the fall and aged through the winter for consumption in the spring


pos: n
definition:
a general term for beer made with bottom fermenting yeast (usually by decoction mashing); originally it was brewed in March or April and matured until September


pos: n
definition:
a general name for beers made from wheat by top fermentation; usually very pale and cloudy and effervescent


pos: n
definition:
a cereal grain (usually barley) that is kiln-dried after having been germinated by soaking in water; used especially in brewing and distilling


pos: n
definition:
a general name for beer made with a top fermenting yeast; in some of the United States an ale is (by law) a brew of more than 4% alcohol by volume


pos: n
definition:
a strong very dark heavy-bodied ale made from pale malt and roasted unmalted barley and (often) caramel malt with hops


pos: n
definition:
dry fruity light red wine drunk within a few months after it is made; from the Beaujolais district in southeastern France


pos: n
definition:
semisweet golden-colored table or dessert wine from around Bordeaux in France; similar wine from California


pos: n
definition:
a wine that is a blend of several varieties of grapes with no one grape predominating; a wine that does not carry the name of any specific grape


pos: n
definition:
dry to sweet amber wine from the Jerez region of southern Spain or similar wines produced elsewhere; usually drunk as an aperitif


pos: n
definition:
any of various strong liquors distilled from the fermented sap of toddy palms or from fermented molasses


pos: n
definition:
a colorless Mexican liquor distilled from fermented juices of certain desert plants of the genus Agavaceae (especially the century plant)


pos: n
definition:
aromatic green or yellow liqueur flavored with orange peel and hyssop and peppermint oils; made at monastery near Grenoble, France


pos: n
definition:
sweet liqueur made from wine and brandy flavored with plum or peach or apricot kernels and bitter almonds


pos: n
definition:
a mixed drink made of alcoholic liquor mixed with water or a carbonated beverage and served in a tall glass


pos: n
definition:
any of various tall frothy mixed drinks made usually of rum and lime juice and sugar shaken with ice


pos: n
definition:
a fermented and often effervescent beverage made from juice of pears; similar in taste to hard cider


pos: n
definition:
a liquor concocted from a mixture of ingredients (such as prunes and raisins and milk and sugar) that can be fermented to produce alcohol; made by prison inmates


pos: n
definition:
carbonated drink flavored with extract from kola nuts (`dope' is a southernism in the United States)


pos: n
definition:
an iced mixed drink usually containing alcohol and prepared for multiple servings; normally served in a punch bowl


pos: n
definition:
a punch made of sweetened ale or wine heated with spices and roasted apples; especially at Christmas


pos: n
definition:
a spicy dish that originated in northern Africa; consists of pasta steamed with a meat and vegetable stew


pos: n
definition:
a cheese dish made with egg and bread crumbs that is baked and served in individual fireproof dishes


pos: n
definition:
pastry made with a cream cheese dough and different fillings (as raisins and walnuts and cinnamon or chocolate and walnut and apricot preserves)


pos: n
definition:
a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual by some kind of asexual reproduction


pos: n
definition:
the highest taxonomic group into which organisms are grouped; one of five biological categories: Monera or Protoctista or Plantae or Fungi or Animalia


pos: n
definition:
(ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other


pos: n
definition:
a major biotic community characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate


pos: n
definition:
people who lived in times long past (especially during the historical period before the fall of the Roman Empire in western Europe)


pos: n
definition:
an accumulation of jobs not done or materials not processed that are yet to be dealt with (especially unfilled customer orders for products or services)


pos: n
definition:
a small cone-shaped pile of hay that has been left in the field until it is dry enough to carry to the hayrick


pos: n
definition:
an alliance of people or corporations or countries for a special purpose (formerly to achieve some antisocial end but now for general political or economic purposes)


pos: n
definition:
(usually plural) a social group whose members control some field of activity and who have common aims


pos: n
definition:
the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war


pos: n
definition:
a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line


pos: n
definition:
a form of social organization in which a female is the family head and title is traced through the female line


pos: n
definition:
a badly assembled collection of parts hastily assembled to serve some particular purpose (often used to refer to computing systems or software that has been badly put together)


pos: n
definition:
(computing) a collection of standard programs and subroutines that are stored and available for immediate use


pos: n
definition:
(astrology) one of four groups of the zodiac where each group consists of three signs separated from each other by 120 degrees


pos: n
definition:
(ecology) a group of organisms (plants and animals) that live together in a certain geographical region and constitute a community with a few dominant species


pos: n
definition:
an association between organisms that is harmful to one of them or between organisms and a metabolic product of another


pos: n
definition:
a group of wild mammals of one species that remain together: antelope or elephants or seals or whales or zebra


pos: n
definition:
in some social insects (such as ants) a physically distinct individual or group of individuals specialized to perform certain functions in the colony


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) a set of elements such that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative and multiplication is distributive over addition and there are two elements 0 and 1


pos: n
definition:
a class of nouns or pronouns or adjectives in Indo-European languages having the same (or very similar) inflectional forms


pos: n
definition:
an international organization that provides a support group for persons trying to overcome alcoholism


pos: n
definition:
an urban hit squad and guerrilla group of the Communist Party in the Philippines; formed in the 1980s


pos: n
definition:
a Palestinian political and military organization founded by Yasser Arafat in 1958 to work toward the creation of a Palestinian state; during the 1960s and 1970s trained terrorist and insurgent groups


pos: n
definition:
a fundamentalist Islamic group in Somalia who initially did fundraising for al-Qaeda; responsible for ambushing United States Army Rangers and for terrorist bombings in Ethiopia; believed to have branches in several countries


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist network intensely opposed to the United States that dispenses money and logistical support and training to a wide variety of radical Islamic terrorist groups; has cells in more than 50 countries


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist organization of Islamic extremists whose violent activities began in 1992; aims to overthrow the secular Algerian regime and replace it with an Islamic state


pos: n
definition:
a militant Marxist-Leninist terrorist organization formed in 1975 to force Turkey to acknowledge killing more than a million Armenians and forcibly removing them from border areas in 1915; wants Turkey to pay reparations and cede territory to Armenia


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist organization that seeks to overthrow the government dominated by Tutsi and to institute Hutu control again


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist organization whose goal is to take over Japan and then the world; based on a religion founded in 1987 that combines elements of Buddhism with Christianity


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist organization organized in 1959 by student activists who were dissatisfied with the moderate nationalism of the traditional Basque party; want to create an independent homeland in Spain's western Pyrenees


pos: n
definition:
a Marxist-Leninist group that believes Palestinian goals can only be achieved by revolutionary change


pos: n
definition:
a Palestinian international terrorist organization that split from the PLO in 1974; has conducted terrorist attacks in 20 countries


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist group organized by Yasser Arafat in 1995 as the armed wing of al-Fatah; serves a dual function of violent confrontation with Israel and serves as Arafat's unofficial militia to prevent rival Islamists from usurping leadership


pos: n
definition:
an armed wing of the (illegal) Communist Party of Spain; seeks to overthrow the Spanish government and replace it with a Marxist-Leninist regime


pos: n
definition:
an international organization that works for environmental conservation and the preservation of endangered species


pos: n
definition:
a militant Islamic fundamentalist political movement that opposes peace with Israel and uses terrorism as a weapon; seeks to create an Islamic state in place of Israel; is opposed to the PLO and has become a leading perpetrator of terrorist activity in Israel; pioneered suicide bombing


pos: n
definition:
an extremist militant group in Pakistan occupied Kashmir that seeks an Islamic government and that has had close links and fought with the Taliban in Afghanistan


pos: n
definition:
an Islamic fundamentalist group in Pakistan that fought the Soviet Union in Afghanistan in the 1980s; now operates as a terrorist organization primarily in Kashmir and seeks Kashmir's accession by Pakistan


pos: n
definition:
a Shiite terrorist organization with strong ties to Iran; seeks to create an Iranian fundamentalist Islamic state in Lebanon; car bombs are the signature weapon


pos: n
definition:
a radical terrorist group dedicated to the removal of British forces from Northern Ireland and the unification of Ireland


pos: n
definition:
a militant organization of Irish nationalists who used terrorism and guerilla warfare in an effort to drive British forces from Northern Ireland and achieve a united independent Ireland


pos: n
definition:
Yemen-based terrorist group that supports al-Qaeda's goals; seeks to overthrow the Yemeni government and eliminate United States interests; responsible for bombings and kidnappings and killing western tourists in Yemen


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist group of Islamic militants formed in 1996; opposes Uzbekistan's secular regime and wants to establish an Islamic state in central Asia; is a conduit for drugs from Afghanistan to central Asian countries


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist organization founded in 2000; a militant Islamic group active in Kashmir and closely aligned with al-Rashid Trust; seeks to secure release of imprisoned fellow militants by kidnappings


pos: n
definition:
an Islamic terrorist group organized in the 1980s; seeks to purify Islam through violence; the cells in North America and the Caribbean insulate themselves from Western culture and will even attack other Muslims who they regard as heretics


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist group organized in 1970 to overthrow the Japanese government and monarchy and to foment world revolution; is said to have close ties with Palestinian terrorists


pos: n
definition:
an indigenous Islamic terrorist group in Azerbaijan that attempted to bomb the United States embassy in 1999


pos: n
definition:
a clandestine group of southeast Asian terrorists organized in 1993 and trained by al-Qaeda; supports militant Muslims in Indonesia and the Philippines and has cells in Singapore and Malaysia and Indonesia


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist organization founded for Jewish defense; fights antisemitism and hopes to restore the biblical state of Israel


pos: n
definition:
a communist organization formed in Cambodia in 1970; became a terrorist organization in 1975 when it captured Phnom Penh and created a government that killed an estimated three million people; was defeated by Vietnamese troops but remained active until 1999


pos: n
definition:
a secret society of white Southerners in the United States; was formed in the 19th century to resist the emancipation of slaves; used terrorist tactics to suppress Black people


pos: n
definition:
a Marxist-Leninist terrorist group of Kurds trying to establish an independent Kurdish state in eastern Turkey


pos: n
definition:
a Nicaraguan counterrevolutionary guerrilla force from 1979 to 1990; it opposed a left-wing government, with support from the United States


pos: n
definition:
a brutal terrorist group active in Kashmir; fights against India with the goal of restoring Islamic rule of India


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist organization in Sri Lanka that began in 1970 as a student protest over the limited university access for Tamil students; currently seeks to establish an independent Tamil state called Eelam; relies on guerilla strategy including terrorist tactics that target key government and military personnel


pos: n
definition:
a Libyan terrorist group organized in 1995 and aligned with al-Qaeda; seeks to radicalize the Libyan government; attempted to assassinate Qaddafi


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the 1980s to provide money and recruit fighters around the world; enlisted and transported thousands of men to Afghanistan to fight the Russians; a split in the group led bin Laden and the extremist faction of MAK to form al-Qaeda


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist organization formed in the 1960s by children of Iranian merchants; sought to counter the Shah of Iran's pro-western policies of modernization and opposition to communism; following a philosophy that mixes Marxism and Islam it now attacks the Islamic fundamentalists who deposed the Shah


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist organization in Bolivia that acts as an umbrella for numerous small indigenous subversive groups; a revival of a group with Marxist-Leninist ideologies originally established by Che Guevara in the 1960s


pos: n
definition:
a Marxist terrorist group formed in 1963 by Colombian intellectuals who were inspired by the Cuban Revolution; responsible for a campaign of mass kidnappings and resistance to the government's efforts to stop the drug trade


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist group formed in 1976 to work for Corsican independence; attacks on Corsica are aimed at sabotaging public infrastructure and symbols of colonialism


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist organization that is the militant wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines; a Maoist organization formed to overthrow the government; uses hit squads called Sparrow Units; opposes United States military presence in the Philippines


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist group of Protestants who oppose any political settlement with Irish nationalists; a paramilitary group that attacks Catholic interests in Northern Ireland


pos: n
definition:
a militant Palestinian terrorist group created in 1979 and committed to the creation of an Islamic state in Palestine and to the destruction of Israel; smaller and more exclusively militant that Hamas


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist group formed in 1977 as the result of a split with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine; became a satellite of al-Fatah; made terrorist attacks on Israel across the Lebanese border


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist group of limited popularity formed in 1967 after the Six-Day War; combined Marxist-Leninist ideology with Palestinian nationalism; used terrorism to gain attention for their cause; hoped to eliminate the state of Israel


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist group of radical Palestinians who split with al-Fatah in 1967 but now have close relations with al-Fatah; staged terrorist attacks against Israel across the Lebanese border


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist organization in South Africa formed in 1996 to fight drug lords; evolved into a vigilante group with anti-western views closely allied with Qibla; is believed to have ties to Islamic extremists in the Middle East; is suspected of conducting bouts of urban terrorism


pos: n
definition:
a small terrorist group of Muslims in South Africa formed in the 1980s; was inspired by Ayatollah Khomeini to create an Islamic state in South Africa


pos: n
definition:
a radical terrorist group that broke away in 1997 when the mainstream Provisional IRA proposed a cease-fire; has continued terrorist activities in opposition to any peace agreement


pos: n
definition:
a Marxist and Maoist terrorist organization in Germany; a network of underground guerillas who committed acts of violence in the service of the class struggle; a successor to the Baader-Meinhof Gang; became one of Europe's most feared terrorist groups; disbanded in 1998


pos: n
definition:
a Marxist-Leninist terrorist organization that arose out of a student protest movement in the late 1960s; wants to separate Italy from NATO and advocates violence in the service of class warfare and revolution; mostly inactive since 1989


pos: n
definition:
a paramilitary group of Protestants in Northern Ireland that tries to prevent any political settlement with the Irish Republic; attacks interests of Catholic civilians in Northern Ireland; responsible for arson and bombing and murder


pos: n
definition:
a powerful and wealthy terrorist organization formed in 1957 as the guerilla arm of the Colombian communist party; opposed to the United States; has strong ties to drug dealers


pos: n
definition:
an extreme leftist terrorist group formed in Greece in 1971 to oppose the military junta that ruled Greece from 1967 to 1974; a revolutionary group opposed to capitalism and imperialism and the United States


pos: n
definition:
a clandestine group of leftist extremists who oppose Italy's labor policies and foreign policy; responsible for bombing building in the historic center of Rome from 2000 to 2002


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist group formed in the 1980s in Sierra Leone; seeks to overthrow the government and gain control of the diamond producing regions; responsible for attacks on civilians and children, widespread torture and murder and using children to commit atrocities; sponsored by the president of Liberia


pos: n
definition:
an Algerian extremist Islamic offshoot of the Armed Islamic Group; now the largest and most active armed terrorist group in Algeria that seeks to overthrow the government; a major source of support and recruitment for al-Qaeda operations in Europe and northern Africa


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist group formed in Peru in the late 1960s as a splinter group from the communist party of Peru; is among the most ruthless guerilla organizations in the world; seeks to destroy Peruvian institutions and replace them with a Maoist peasant regime; is involved in the cocaine trade


pos: n
definition:
a Marxist-Leninist terrorist organization in Peru; was formed in 1983 to overthrow the Peruvian government and replace it with a Marxist regime; has connections with the ELN in Bolivia


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist group that is the remnants of the original Bolivian insurgents trained by Che Guevara; attacks small unprotected targets such as power pylons or oil pipelines or government buildings


pos: n
definition:
the major Protestant paramilitary group in Northern Ireland; responsible for bombing the homes of Catholics and for criminal racketeering and selling drugs


pos: n
definition:
a terrorist organization in Colombia formed in 1997 as an umbrella for local and regional paramilitary groups; is financed by earnings from narcotics and serves to protect the economic interests of its members


pos: n
definition:
a Sunni organization formed in 1989 and based in Pakistan; opposes missionary groups from the United States; has Lashkar-e-Tayyiba as its armed wing


pos: n
definition:
a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York City (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism


pos: n
definition:
a nongovernmental organization of Pakistani scientists that has been a supporter of terrorism; has provided information about chemical and biological and nuclear warfare to Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda and the Taliban


pos: n
definition:
an organization concerned to preserve historic monuments and buildings and places of historical interest or natural beauty; founded in 1895 and supported by endowment and private subscription


pos: n
definition:
a quasi nongovernmental organization; an organization that is financed by the government yet acts independently of the government


pos: n
definition:
a British financial system in which a bank or a post office transfers money from one account to another when they receive authorization to do so


pos: n
definition:
a collective farm or settlement owned by its members in modern Israel; children are reared collectively


pos: n
definition:
(business) a number of similar establishments (stores or restaurants or banks or hotels or theaters) under one ownership


pos: n
definition:
a business established or operated under an authorization to sell or distribute a company's goods or services in a particular area


pos: n
definition:
a financial institution that sells shares to individuals and invests in securities issued by other companies


pos: n
definition:
a flexible investment company for a small number of large investors (usually the minimum investment is $1 million); can use high-risk techniques (not allowed for mutual funds) such as short-selling and heavy leveraging


pos: n
definition:
an investment trust that owns and manages a pool of commercial properties and mortgages and other real estate assets; shares can be bought and sold in the stock market


pos: n
definition:
a corporate investor who intends to take over a company by buying a controlling interest in its stock and installing new management


pos: n
definition:
the collective body of Christians throughout the world and history (found predominantly in Europe and the Americas and Australia)


pos: n
definition:
a Christian religious sect in southern France in the 12th and 13th centuries; believers in Albigensianism


pos: n
definition:
a Baptist denomination founded in 1708 by Americans of German descent; opposed to military service and taking legal oaths; practiced trine immersion


pos: n
definition:
a 16th century sect of Anabaptists centered in Germany who had an absolute disdain for human knowledge


pos: n
definition:
a Jewish sect that recognizes only the Hebrew Scriptures as the source of divinely inspired legislation and denies the authority of the postbiblical tradition of the Talmud; the sect arose in Iraq in the eighth century


pos: n
definition:
a sect of Orthodox Jews that arose out of a pietistic movement originating in eastern Europe in the second half of the 18th century; a sect that follows the Mosaic law strictly


pos: n
definition:
a fundamentalist Islamic revivalist movement generally characterized by moral conservatism and the literal interpretation of the Koran and the attempt to implement Islamic values in all aspects of life


pos: n
definition:
any of several sects of Orthodox Judaism that reject modern secular culture and many of whom do not recognize the spiritual authority of the modern state of Israel


pos: n
definition:
a religious sect founded in the United States in 1966; based on Vedic scriptures; groups engage in joyful chanting of `Hare Krishna' and other mantras based on the name of the Hindu god Krishna; devotees usually wear saffron robes and practice vegetarianism and celibacy


pos: n
definition:
a Chinese sect claiming to follow the teaching of Lao-tzu but incorporating pantheism and sorcery in addition to Taoism


pos: n
definition:
a religion represented by the many groups (especially in Asia) that profess various forms of the Buddhist doctrine and that venerate Buddha


pos: n
definition:
school of Mahayana Buddhism asserting that enlightenment can come through meditation and intuition rather than faith; China and Japan


pos: n
definition:
a major school of Buddhism teaching social concern and universal salvation; China; Japan; Tibet; Nepal; Korea; Mongolia


pos: n
definition:
the group of initiated Sikhs to which devout orthodox Sikhs are ritually admitted at puberty; founded by the tenth and last Guru in 1699


pos: n
definition:
a new religion founded by L. Ron Hubbard in 1955 and characterized by a belief in the power of a person's spirit to clear itself of past painful experiences through self-knowledge and spiritual fulfillment


pos: n
definition:
(biology) a taxonomic category consisting of members of a species that differ from others of the same species in minor but heritable characteristics


pos: n
definition:
(biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species; usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species


pos: n
definition:
a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)


pos: n
definition:
the department responsible for hiring and training and placing employees and for setting policies for personnel management


pos: n
definition:
the department of local government that is responsible for managing the treatment of convicted offenders


pos: n
definition:
a former executive agency (from 1946 to 1974) that was responsible for research into atomic energy and its peacetime uses in the United States


pos: n
definition:
an independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment


pos: n
definition:
an independent agency of the United States government that provides a single point of accountability for all federal emergency preparedness and mitigation and response activities


pos: n
definition:
a federal agency in the Department of Health and Human Services established to regulate the release of new foods and health-related products


pos: n
definition:
a federal agency in the Department of Health and Human Services; located in Atlanta; investigates and diagnoses and tries to control or prevent diseases (especially new and unusual diseases)


pos: n
definition:
an independent agency of the United States government responsible for collecting and coordinating intelligence and counterintelligence activities abroad in the national interest; headed by the Director of Central Intelligence under the supervision of the President and National Security Council


pos: n
definition:
an agency that helps the Director of Central Intelligence coordinate counterterrorist efforts in order to preempt and disrupt and defeat terrorist activities at the earliest possible stage


pos: n
definition:
an agency that serves as the focal point for all Intelligence Community activities related to nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their missile delivery systems


pos: n
definition:
a former independent federal agency that supervised and set rates for carriers that transported goods and people between states; was terminated in 1995


pos: n
definition:
the independent agency that oversees management of federal government records including presidential libraries and historic collections


pos: n
definition:
an independent agency of the United States government charged with mediating disputes between management and labor unions


pos: n
definition:
an independent agency of the federal government responsible for the promotion of progress in science and engineering by supporting programs in research and education


pos: n
definition:
an independent federal agency that provides mail processing and delivery service for individuals and businesses in the United States


pos: n
definition:
a committee in the executive branch of government that advises the president on foreign and military and national security; supervises the Central Intelligence Agency


pos: n
definition:
the federal department that administers programs that provide services to farmers (including research and soil conservation and efforts to stabilize the farming economy); created in 1862


pos: n
definition:
the United States federal department that promotes and administers domestic and foreign trade (including management of the census and the patent office); created in 1913


pos: n
definition:
an agency in the Department of Commerce that maps the oceans and conserves their living resources; predicts changes to the earth's environment; provides weather reports and forecasts floods and hurricanes and other natural disasters related to weather


pos: n
definition:
an agency in the Technology Administration that makes measurements and sets standards as needed by industry or government programs


pos: n
definition:
an agency in the Technology Administration that is a primary resource for government-funded scientific and technical and engineering and business related information


pos: n
definition:
the federal department responsible for safeguarding national security of the United States; created in 1947


pos: n
definition:
the central research and development organization for the United States Department of Defense; responsible for developing new surveillance technologies since 9/11


pos: n
definition:
a defense laboratory that provides essential services in fundamental science for national security and environmental protection and provides technologies that contribute to industrial competitiveness


pos: n
definition:
the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979


pos: n
definition:
the federal department responsible for maintaining a national energy policy of the United States; created in 1977


pos: n
definition:
an agency that collects political and economic and technical information about energy matters and makes the Department of Energy's technical and analytical expertise available to other members of the Intelligence Community


pos: n
definition:
the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with health and welfare; created in 1979


pos: n
definition:
an agency that serves as the office of Surgeon General; includes agencies whose mission is to improve the public health


pos: n
definition:
an agency in the Department of Health and Human Services whose mission is to employ science in the pursuit of knowledge to improve human health; is the principal biomedical research agency of the federal government


pos: n
definition:
an independent government agency that regulates interstate and international communications by radio and television and wire and cable and satellite


pos: n
definition:
the United States federal department that administers federal programs dealing with better housing and urban renewal; created in 1965


pos: n
definition:
the United States federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws (including the enforcement of all civil rights legislation); created in 1870


pos: n
definition:
the bureau in the Department of Justice that assists local criminal justice systems to reduce or prevent crime and violence and drug abuse


pos: n
definition:
the agency in the Department of Justice that is the primary source of criminal justice statistics for federal and local policy makers


pos: n
definition:
a federal law enforcement agency that is the principal investigative arm of the Department of Justice


pos: n
definition:
an agency in the Department of Justice that enforces laws and regulations for the admission of foreign-born persons to the United States


pos: n
definition:
a center in the Department of that trains law enforcement professionals for more than seventy federal agencies


pos: n
definition:
a law enforcement agency of the Treasury Department responsible for establishing and implementing policies to detect money laundering


pos: n
definition:
the federal department responsible for promoting the working conditions of wage earners in the United States; created in 1913


pos: n
definition:
the bureau in the State Department that is responsible for the security of diplomats and embassies overseas


pos: n
definition:
an agency that is the primary source in the State Department for interpretive analyses of global developments and focal point for policy issues and activities of the Intelligence Community


pos: n
definition:
the United States federal department charged with conservation and the development of natural resources; created in 1849


pos: n
definition:
an agency in the Department of the Interior that conserves and protects fish and wildlife and their habitats; assesses the environmental impact of pesticides and nuclear power site and hydroelectric dams and thermal pollution


pos: n
definition:
the federal department that collects revenue and administers federal finances; the Treasury Department was created in 1789


pos: n
definition:
the law enforcement and tax collection agency of the Treasury Department that enforces federal laws concerning alcohol and tobacco products and firearms and explosives and arson


pos: n
definition:
agency that oversees the intelligence relationships of the Treasury's offices and bureaus and provides a link between the Intelligence Community and officials responsible for international economic policy


pos: n
definition:
the United States Army's principal law enforcement agency responsible for the conduct of criminal investigations for all levels of the Army anywhere in the world


pos: n
definition:
federal agency responsible for enforcing laws and regulations governing narcotics and controlled substances; goal is to immobilize drug trafficking organizations


pos: n
definition:
the law enforcement agency of the Justice Department that operates a nationwide system of prisons and detention facilities to incarcerate inmates sentenced to imprisonment for federal crimes


pos: n
definition:
the United States' oldest federal law enforcement agency is responsible today for protecting the Federal Judiciary and transporting federal prisoners and protecting federal witnesses and managing assets seized from criminals and generally ensuring the effective operation of the federal judicial system


pos: n
definition:
the United States federal department that institutes and coordinates national transportation programs; created in 1966


pos: n
definition:
an agency in the Department of Transportation that is responsible for the safety of civilian aviation


pos: n
definition:
the United States federal department responsible for the interests of military veterans; created in 1989


pos: n
definition:
an agency established in 2001 to safeguard United States transportation systems and insure safe air travel


pos: n
definition:
an independent agency of the federal government responsible for mail delivery (and sometimes telecommunications) between individuals and businesses in the United States


pos: n
definition:
a collection of rules and procedures and conventions that define accepted accounting practice; includes broad guidelines as well as detailed procedures


pos: n
definition:
an intensive care unit designed with special equipment to care for premature or seriously ill newborn


pos: n
definition:
a Christian sect of dissenters that originated in southern France in the late 12th century adopted Calvinist doctrines in the 16th century


pos: n
definition:
followers of an unorthodox, extremist, or false religion or sect who often live outside of conventional society under the direction of a charismatic leader


pos: n
definition:
in Christianity, members of a religious community that do not have the priestly responsibilities of ordained clergy


pos: n
definition:
imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization


pos: n
definition:
a royal German family that provided rulers for several European states and wore the crown of the Holy Roman Empire from 1440 to 1806


pos: n
definition:
the Turkish dynasty that ruled the Ottoman Empire from the 13th century to its dissolution after World War I


pos: n
definition:
an ancient dynasty of Macedonian kings who ruled Egypt from 323 BC to 30 BC; founded by Ptolemy I and ended with Cleopatra


pos: n
definition:
the Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall


pos: n
definition:
the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries; during the Qing dynasty China was ruled by the Manchu


pos: n
definition:
any one of the Turkish dynasties that ruled Asia Minor from the 11th to the 13th centuries; they successfully invaded Byzantium and defended the Holy Land against Crusaders


pos: n
definition:
the royal family that ruled Scotland from 1371-1714 and ruled England from 1603 to 1649 and again from 1660 to 1714


pos: n
definition:
an English dynasty descended from Henry Tudor; Tudor monarchs ruled from Henry VII to Elizabeth I (from 1485 to 1603)


pos: n
definition:
the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose


pos: n
definition:
an independent nonpartisan federal agency that acts as the investigative arm of Congress making the executive branch accountable to Congress and the government accountable to citizens of the United States


pos: n
definition:
the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something


pos: n
definition:
a major social class or order of persons regarded collectively as part of the body politic of the country (especially in the United Kingdom) and formerly possessing distinct political rights


pos: n
definition:
an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations)


pos: n
definition:
in World War I the alliance of Great Britain and France and Russia and all the other nations that became allied with them in opposing the Central Powers


pos: n
definition:
the alliance of nations that fought the Axis in World War II and which (with subsequent additions) signed the charter of the United Nations in 1945


pos: n
definition:
in World War II the alliance of Germany and Italy in 1936 which later included Japan and other nations


pos: n
definition:
an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members


pos: n
definition:
the supreme headquarters that advises NATO on military matters and oversees all aspects of the Allied Command Europe


pos: n
definition:
an international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security


pos: n
definition:
a major strategic headquarters of NATO located in the United States; is under the authority of the North Atlantic Council


pos: n
definition:
commanding officer of ACLANT; a general of the United States Army nominated by the President of the United States and approved by the North Atlantic Council


pos: n
definition:
an association including most countries in the western hemisphere; created in 1948 to promote military and economic and social and cultural cooperation


pos: n
definition:
an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum


pos: n
definition:
the relocation of people from overcrowded cities; they are accommodated in new houses or apartments in smaller towns


pos: n
definition:
(Marxism) the unorganized lower levels of the proletariat who are not interested in revolutionary advancement


pos: n
definition:
a company of actors who comment (by speaking or singing in unison) on the action in a classical Greek play


pos: n
definition:
the navy of the United States of America; the agency that maintains and trains and equips combat-ready naval forces


pos: n
definition:
the principal agency of the United States Navy for research and development for air warfare and missile weapon systems


pos: n
definition:
the agency that provides scientific and engineering and technical support for all aspects of surface warfare


pos: n
definition:
the agency that provides scientific and engineering and technical support for submarine and undersea warfare systems


pos: n
definition:
the military intelligence agency that provides for the intelligence and counterintelligence and investigative and security requirements of the United States Navy


pos: n
definition:
an agency of the United States Marine Corps that provides responsive and broad intelligence support for the worldwide Marine Corps organization


pos: n
definition:
the airforce of the United States of America; the agency that defends the United States through control and exploitation of air and space


pos: n
definition:
a command that is the primary provider of air combat weapon systems to the United States Air Force; operates fighter, bomber, reconnaissance, battle-management, and rescue aircraft


pos: n
definition:
a command of the United States Air Force that is responsible for defending the United States through its space and intercontinental ballistic missile operations


pos: n
definition:
a civilian reserve component of the United States Air Force that provides prompt mobilization during war and assistance during national emergencies


pos: n
definition:
an agency focused on ensuring that the United States military attains information superiority; operates worldwide ground sites and an array of airborne reconnaissance and surveillance platforms


pos: n
definition:
a group of civilians organized in a military fashion (especially to operate in place of or to assist regular army troops)


pos: n
definition:
police organization for the European Union; aims to improve effectiveness and cooperation among European police forces


pos: n
definition:
religious police in Saudi Arabia whose duty is to ensure strict adherence to established codes of conduct; offenders may be detained indefinitely; foreigners are not excluded


pos: n
definition:
special police force in Nazi Germany founded as a personal bodyguard for Adolf Hitler in 1925; the SS administered the concentration camps


pos: n
definition:
Nazi militia created by Hitler in 1921 that helped him to power but was eclipsed by the SS after 1943


pos: n
definition:
an army corps that was organized in World War II but is no longer a separate branch of the United States Army


pos: n
definition:
a military unit that is a subdivision of a company; usually has a headquarters and two or more squads; usually commanded by a lieutenant


pos: n
definition:
a British volunteer cavalry force organized in 1761 for home defense later incorporated into the Territorial Army


pos: n
definition:
Christian fellowship or communion with God or with fellow Christians; said in particular of the early Christian community


pos: n
definition:
a federation of North American labor unions that merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1955


pos: n
definition:
a federation of North American industrial unions that merged with the American Federation of Labor in 1955


pos: n
definition:
a consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition by controlling the production and distribution of a product or service


pos: n
definition:
a group of artists and writers with real or pretended artistic or intellectual aspirations and usually an unconventional life style


pos: n
definition:
a secret terrorist group in Sicily; originally opposed tyranny but evolved into a criminal organization in the middle of the 19th century


pos: n
definition:
a crime syndicate in the United States; organized in families; believed to have important relations to the Sicilian Mafia


pos: n
definition:
a traditional Indonesian ensemble typically including many tuned percussion instruments including bamboo xylophones and wooden or bronze chimes and gongs


pos: n
definition:
the political party founded in 1911 by Sun Yat-sen; it governed China under Chiang Kai-shek from 1928 until 1949 when the Communists took power and subsequently was the official ruling party of Taiwan


pos: n
definition:
a political party formed in Great Britain in 1900; characterized by the promotion of labor's interests and formerly the socialization of key industries


pos: n
definition:
the younger of two major political parties in the United States; GOP is an acronym for grand old party


pos: n
definition:
a former political party in the United States; formed in 1948 by Democrats from southern states in order to oppose to the candidacy of Harry S Truman


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) a rectangular array of quantities or expressions set out by rows and columns; treated as a single element and manipulated according to rules


pos: n
definition:
(mathematics) a set of entries in a square matrix running diagonally either from the upper left to lower right entry or running from the upper right to lower left entry


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) a collection of star systems; any of the billions of systems each having many stars and nebulae and dust


pos: n
definition:
a group of United States painters founded in 1907 and noted for their realistic depictions of sordid aspects of city life


pos: n
definition:
a school of painters who used a technique of painting with tiny dots of pure colors that would blend in the viewer's eye; developed by Georges Seurat and his followers late in 19th century France


pos: n
definition:
an institution of higher education created to educate and grant degrees; often a part of a university


pos: n
definition:
a Muslim school in Indonesia operated by religious leaders; produces young militants skilled in jihad


pos: n
definition:
the members of a university as distinguished from the other residents of the town in which the university is located


pos: n
definition:
a large and diverse institution of higher learning created to educate for life and for a profession and to grant degrees


pos: n
definition:
a youth subculture (mostly from the middle class) originating in San Francisco in the 1960s; advocated universal love and peace and communes and long hair and soft drugs; favored acid rock and progressive rock music


pos: n
definition:
the Bronze Age civilization on the Cyclades islands in the southern Aegean Sea that flourished 3000-1100 BC


pos: n
definition:
(Jamaica) a Black youth subculture and religious movement that arose in the ghettos of Kingston, Jamaica, in the 1950s; males grow hair in long dreadlocks and wear woolen caps; use marijuana and listen to reggae music


pos: n
definition:
an alliance made up of states that had been Soviet Socialist Republics in the Soviet Union prior to its dissolution in Dec 1991


pos: n
definition:
a permanent council of the United Nations that commissions a country (or countries) to undertake the administration of a territory


pos: n
definition:
an agency of the United Nations responsible for programs to aid education and the health of children and mothers in developing countries


pos: n
definition:
a United Nations agency created by a multinational treaty to promote trade by the reduction of tariffs and import quotas


pos: n
definition:
a United Nations agency created to assist developing nations by loans guaranteed by member governments


pos: n
definition:
a United Nations agency that invests directly in companies and guarantees loans to private investors; affiliated with the World Bank


pos: n
definition:
a United Nations agency to promote trade by increasing the exchange stability of the major currencies


pos: n
definition:
a United Nations agency to coordinate international health activities and to help governments improve health services


pos: n
definition:
(Hinduism) a Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India; a special characteristic is often the exclusive occupation of its male members (such as barber or potter)


pos: n
definition:
(Hinduism) the name for the original social division of Vedic people into four groups (which are subdivided into thousands of jatis)


pos: n
definition:
the third of the four varnas: the commoners or yeoman farmers or mercantile and professional category


pos: n
definition:
a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)


pos: n
definition:
a council consisting of permanent representatives of all the member countries of NATO; has political authority and powers of decision


pos: n
definition:
(Christianity) an assembly of theologians and bishops and other representatives of different churches or dioceses that is convened to regulate matters of discipline or doctrine


pos: n
definition:
the first ecumenical council in 325 which produced the wording of the Nicene Creed and condemned the heresy of Arianism


pos: n
definition:
the sixth ecumenical council in 680-681 which condemned Monothelitism by defining two wills in Christ, divine and human


pos: n
definition:
the seventh ecumenical council in 787 which refuted iconoclasm and regulated the veneration of holy images


pos: n
definition:
the council in 869 that condemned Photius who had become the patriarch of Constantinople without approval from the Vatican, thereby precipitating the schism between the eastern and western churches


pos: n
definition:
the council of the Western Church in 1245 that excommunicated Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and planned a new crusade against the Holy Land


pos: n
definition:
the council in 1274 that effected a temporary reunion of the Greek Orthodox with the Roman Catholic Church


pos: n
definition:
the council in 1311-1313 that dealt with alleged crimes of the Knights Templar, planned a new crusade, and took on the reformation of the clergy


pos: n
definition:
an elected governmental council in a communist country (especially one that is a member of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)


pos: n
definition:
a political movement uniting Palestinian Arabs in an effort to create an independent state of Palestine; when formed in 1964 it was a terrorist organization dominated by Yasser Arafat's al-Fatah; in 1968 Arafat became chairman; received recognition by the United Nations and by Arab states in 1974 as a government in exile; has played a largely political role since the creation of the Palestine National Authority


pos: n
definition:
a radical political movement that advocates bringing industry and government under the control of labor unions


pos: n
definition:
an administrative unit responsible for maintaining records and other secretarial duties; especially for international organizations


pos: n
definition:
a permanent executive committee in socialist countries that has all the powers of some larger legislative body and that acts for it when it is not in session


pos: n
definition:
a meeting or conference for the public discussion of some topic especially one in which the participants form an audience and make presentations


pos: n
definition:
an academic meeting or seminar usually led by a different lecturer and on a different topic at each meeting


pos: n
definition:
the magistrate or judge or judges sitting in court in judicial capacity to compose the court collectively


pos: n
definition:
(law) a judicial division of a state or the United States (so-called because originally judges traveled and held court in different locations); one of the twelve groups of states in the United States that is covered by a particular circuit court of appeals


pos: n
definition:
(Roman Catholic Church) the supreme ecclesiastical tribunal for cases appealed to the Holy See from diocesan courts


pos: n
definition:
a collection of works (plays, songs, operas, ballets) that an artist or company can perform and do perform for short intervals on a regular schedule


pos: n
definition:
a group of government agencies and organizations that carry out intelligence activities for the United States government; headed by the Director of Central Intelligence


pos: n
definition:
an agency of the Intelligence Community that conducts advanced research and development related to information technology


pos: n
definition:
an intelligence agency of the United States in the Department of Defense; is responsible for providing intelligence in support of military planning and operations and weapons acquisition


pos: n
definition:
the organization in the Defense Logistics Agency that inventories and evaluates and sells reusable United States government surplus


pos: n
definition:
the agency in the Department of Defense that provides scientific and technical information to federal agencies and their contractors


pos: n
definition:
Canada's main foreign intelligence agency that gathers and analyzes information to provide security intelligence for the Canadian government


pos: n
definition:
the United Kingdom's central unit for the tasking and coordination and funding of intelligence and security agencies


pos: n
definition:
Canadian agency that gathers communications intelligence and assist law enforcement and security agencies


pos: n
definition:
an agency of the Canadian government that unifies the intelligence units of Canadian law enforcement agencies


pos: n
definition:
an agency of the Canadian government that provides litigation and legal advice and opinions to the government


pos: n
definition:
the Pakistan intelligence agency; a powerful and almost autonomous political and military force; has procured nuclear technology and delivery capabilities; has had strong ties with the Taliban and other militant Islamic groups


pos: n
definition:
Russia's intelligence service responsible for foreign operations, intelligence-gathering and analysis, and the exchange of intelligence information; collaborates with other countries to oppose proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, terrorism and organized crime


pos: n
definition:
Switzerland's information network for security and defense studies and for peace and conflict research and for international relations


pos: n
definition:
an international intelligence agency permitting collaboration among intelligence agencies around the world


pos: n
definition:
the clandestine military wing of the Jewish leadership during the British rule over the mandate of Palestine from 1920 to 1948; became the basis for the Israeli defense force


pos: n
definition:
Israel's elite secret commando unit responsible for counterterrorist and top secret intelligence gathering and hostage rescue missions


pos: n
definition:
a specialist regiment of the British army that is trained in commando techniques of warfare and used in clandestine operations (especially against terrorist groups)


pos: n
definition:
the government agency in the United Kingdom that is responsible for internal security and counterintelligence overseas


pos: n
definition:
an agency of the Canadian government that oversees the activities of the Criminal Intelligence Services of Canada and has the power to intrude on the privacy of suspected terrorists or spies


pos: n
definition:
the government agency in the United Kingdom that is responsible for internal security and counterintelligence on British territory


pos: n
definition:
an intelligence agency in the United States Department of Defense that designs and builds and operates space reconnaissance systems to detect trouble spots worldwide and to monitor arms control agreements and environmental issues and to help plan military operations


pos: n
definition:
the United States cryptologic organization that coordinates and directs highly specialized activities to protect United States information systems and to produce foreign intelligence information


pos: n
definition:
the United States intelligence agency that protects current and former presidents and vice presidents and their immediate families and protects distinguished foreign visitors; detects and apprehends counterfeiters; suppresses forgery of government securities and documents


pos: n
definition:
the central bank of the United States; incorporates 12 Federal Reserve branch banks and all national banks and state-chartered commercial banks and some trust companies


pos: n
definition:
an independent agency of the United States federal government that maintains fair and free competition; enforces federal antitrust laws; educates the public about identity theft


pos: n
definition:
a central management agency that sets Federal policy for Federal procurement and real property management and information resources management


pos: n
definition:
an agency in the General Services Administration that is a security organization to provide a safe environment where Federal agencies can conduct their business


pos: n
definition:
an independent agency of the United States government that protects the interests of small businesses and ensures that they receive a fair share of government contracts


pos: n
definition:
a news agency that sells features or articles or photographs etc. to newspapers for simultaneous publication


pos: n
definition:
an agency of the legislative branch that provides printing and binding services for Congress and the departments and establishments of the federal government


pos: n
definition:
the quorum required by Jewish law to be present for public worship (at least ten males over thirteen years of age)


pos: n
definition:
an association of neighboring states or tribes in ancient Greece; established originally to defend a common religious center


pos: n
definition:
a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them


pos: n
definition:
an economic system (Europe in 18th century) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests


pos: n
definition:
a social organization in which diversity of racial or religious or ethnic or cultural groups is tolerated


pos: n
definition:
a United States youth subculture of the 1950s; rejected possessions or regular work or traditional dress; for communal living and psychedelic drugs and anarchism; favored modern forms of jazz (e.g., bebop)


pos: n
definition:
a rock group from Liverpool who between 1962 and 1970 produced a variety of hit songs and albums (most of them written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon)


pos: n
definition:
a youth subculture closely associated with punk rock music in the late 1970s; in part a reaction to the hippy subculture; dress was optional but intended to shock (plastic garbage bags or old school uniforms) and hair was dyed in bright colors (in Mohican haircuts or sometimes spiked in bright plumes)


pos: n
definition:
originally a British youth subculture that evolved out of the teddy boys in the 1960s; wore black leather jackets and jeans and boots; had greased hair and rode motorcycles and listened to rock'n'roll; were largely unskilled manual laborers


pos: n
definition:
a youth subculture that appeared first in England in the late 1960s as a working-class reaction to the hippies; hair was cropped close to the scalp; wore work-shirts and short jeans (supported by suspenders) and heavy red boots; involved in attacks against Asians and football hooliganism


pos: n
definition:
a youth subculture that began in London in the early 1960s; a working-class movement with highly stylized dress and short hair; listened to rhythm and blues music and travelled on motor scooters


pos: n
definition:
a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government


pos: n
definition:
a world organization of autonomous states that are united in allegiance to a central power but are not subordinate to it or to one another


pos: n
definition:
a powerful lobby that advocates the right to own and bear arms and rejects any gun regulation by the government


pos: n
definition:
a chain of connected ideas or passages or objects so arranged that each member is closely related to the preceding and following members (especially a series of patristic comments elucidating Christian dogma)


pos: n
definition:
the people in a society considered as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships


pos: n
definition:
the body of Mullahs (Muslim scholars trained in Islam and Islamic law) who are the interpreters of Islam's sciences and doctrines and laws and the chief guarantors of continuity in the spiritual and intellectual history of the Islamic community


pos: n
definition:
persons appointed by a head of state to head executive departments of government and act as official advisers


pos: n
definition:
a federally sponsored corporation that insures accounts in national banks and other qualified institutions


pos: n
definition:
a meeting arranged by the visitor to see someone (such as a doctor or lawyer) for treatment or advice


pos: n
definition:
a class of 14th century Japanese who were trained in martial arts and were hired for espionage and assassinations


pos: n
definition:
the agency that administers the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard; provides liaison between the Army and the Air Force and various National Guard units


pos: n
definition:
the army of the United States of America; the agency that organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare


pos: n
definition:
an agency of the United States Army responsible for providing timely and relevant and accurate and synchronized intelligence to tactical and operational and strategic level commanders


pos: n
definition:
an agency in the Department of Defense that is responsible for making ballistic missile defense a reality


pos: n
definition:
a combat support agency in the Department of Defense responsible for developing and operating and supporting information systems to serve the needs of the President and the Secretary of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff


pos: n
definition:
an agency in the Department of Defense that is a national center for research on all aspects of injury control and casualty care


pos: n
definition:
a civilian reserve component of the United States Army comprised of guardsmen who serve during overseas peacekeeping missions and during local emergencies


pos: n
definition:
a midnight meeting of witches to practice witchcraft and sorcery; in the Middle Ages it was supposed to be a demonic orgy


pos: n
definition:
a heterogeneous collection of groups united in their opposition to Saddam Hussein's government of Iraq; formed in 1992 it is comprised of Sunni and Shiite Arabs and Kurds who hope to build a new government


pos: n
definition:
an association or society of women who are linked together by a common religion or trade or interest


pos: n
definition:
a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law


pos: n
definition:
a group of people gathered for a special purpose as to plan or discuss an issue or judge a contest etc


pos: n
definition:
those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare


pos: n
definition:
those who support political or social or economic conservatism; those who believe that things are better left unchanged


pos: n
definition:
a credit card processing bank; merchants receive credit for credit card receipts less a processing fee


pos: n
definition:
the financial institution that dispenses cash in automated teller machines and collects a fee from the bank that issued the credit card


pos: n
definition:
a corporation gaining financial control over another corporation or financial institution through a payment in cash or an exchange of stock


pos: n
definition:
a cooperative nationwide system of banks and associations providing credit to farmers and related businesses; originally capitalized by the federal government but now owned by its members and borrowers


pos: n
definition:
an underground banking system based on trust whereby money can be made available internationally without actually moving it or leaving a record of the transaction


pos: n
definition:
the federal agency in the Department of Housing and Urban Development that insures residential mortgages


pos: n
definition:
the aggregation of things (pedestrians or vehicles) coming and going in a particular locality during a specified period of time


pos: n
definition:
the withdrawal of the clergy and choir from the chancel to the vestry at the end of a church service


pos: n
definition:
a row of houses built in a similar style and having common dividing walls (or the street on which they face)


pos: n
definition:
a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)


pos: n
definition:
Islamic laws stating the limits ordained by Allah and including the deterrent punishments for serious crimes


pos: n
definition:
the ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism; the full DNA sequence of an organism


pos: n
definition:
a group of postage stamps having a common theme or a group of coins or currency selected as a group for study or collection


pos: n
definition:
a sequentially ordered set of things or events or ideas in which each successive member is related to the preceding


pos: n
definition:
a style of design that was popular in the 1920s and 1930s; marked by stylized forms and geometric designs adapted to mass production


pos: n
definition:
any creative group active in the innovation and application of new concepts and techniques in a given field (especially in the arts)


pos: n
definition:
an abstractionist artistic movement in Russia after World War I; industrial materials were used to construct nonrepresentational objects


pos: n
definition:
a geometric abstractionist movement originated by Kazimir Malevich in Russia that influenced constructivism


pos: n
definition:
a nihilistic art movement (especially in painting) that flourished in Europe early in the 20th century; based on irrationality and negation of the accepted laws of beauty


pos: n
definition:
an art movement early in the 20th century; the artist's subjective expression of inner experiences was emphasized; an inner feeling was expressed through a distorted rendition of reality


pos: n
definition:
an art movement based on expressionism; developed in 1980s in Europe and United States; crudely drawn garish paintings


pos: n
definition:
an art movement launched in 1905 whose work was characterized by bright and nonnatural colors and simple forms; influenced the expressionists


pos: n
definition:
an artistic movement in Italy around 1910 that tried to express the energy and values of the machine age


pos: n
definition:
a movement by American and English poets early in the 20th century in reaction to Victorian sentimentality; used common speech in free verse with clear concrete imagery


pos: n
definition:
an artistic movement in the United States that was derived from the Hudson River school; active from 1850 to 1870; painted realistic landscapes in a style that pictured atmospheric light and the use of aerial perspective


pos: n
definition:
an art movement in sculpture and painting that began in the 1950s and emphasized extreme simplification of form and color


pos: n
definition:
an artistic movement in 19th century France; artists and writers strove for detailed realistic and factual description


pos: n
definition:
a 20th century movement of artists and writers (developing out of dadaism) who used fantastic images and incongruous juxtapositions in order to represent unconscious thoughts and dreams


pos: n
definition:
an artistic movement in the late 19th century that tried to express abstract or mystical ideas through the symbolic use of images


pos: n
definition:
a movement in Europe from about 1650 until 1800 that advocated the use of reason and individualism instead of tradition and established doctrine


pos: n
definition:
an organized attempt by workers to improve their status by united action (particularly via labor unions) or the leaders of this movement


pos: n
definition:
a former international labor union and radical labor movement in the United States; founded in Chicago in 1905 and dedicated to the overthrow of capitalism; its membership declined after World War I


pos: n
definition:
a religious movement originating among the French Roman Catholic clergy that favored the restriction of papal control and the achievement by each nation of individual administrative autonomy of the church


pos: n
definition:
a large missionary Hasidic movement known for their hospitality, technological expertise, optimism and emphasis on religious study


pos: n
definition:
a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches


pos: n
definition:
a fundamentalist Islamic militia; in 1995 the Taliban militia took over Afghanistan and in 1996 took Kabul and set up an Islamic government


pos: n
definition:
in the Protestant Episcopal Church: a committee elected by the congregation to work with the churchwardens in managing the temporal affairs of the church


pos: n
definition:
a movement of world Jewry that arose late in the 19th century with the aim of creating a Jewish state in Palestine


pos: n
definition:
the ethnic group claiming descent from Abraham and Isaac (especially from Isaac's son Jacob); the nation whom God chose to receive his revelation and with whom God chose to make a covenant (Exodus 19)


pos: n
definition:
an ethnic group (mostly Moslem) living in Tajikistan and neighboring areas of Uzbekistan and Afghanistan and China


pos: n
definition:
an ethnic group speaking a dialect of French and living in southern and eastern Belgium and neighboring parts of France


pos: n
definition:
aristocratic Italian family of powerful merchants and bankers who ruled Florence in the 15th century


pos: n
definition:
the internal counterintelligence agency of the Russian Federation and successor to the Soviet KGB; formerly led by Vladimir Putin


pos: n
definition:
a group within a political party or legislature or other organization that holds distinct views or has a particular function


pos: n
definition:
(New Testament) the sages who visited Jesus and Mary and Joseph shortly after Jesus was born; the Gospel According to Matthew says they were guided by a star and brought gifts of gold and frankincense and myrrh; because there were three gifts it is usually assumed that there were three of them


pos: n
definition:
an international organization based in Geneva that monitors and enforces rules governing global trade


pos: n
definition:
an association of nations dedicated to economic and political cooperation in southeastern Asia and who joined with the United States to fight against global terrorism


pos: n
definition:
a community of Native Americans who speak an Eskimo-Aleut language and inhabit the Aleutian Islands and southwestern Alaska


pos: n
definition:
the small group of Quechua living in the Cuzco Valley in Peru who established hegemony over their neighbors in order to create an empire that lasted from about 1100 until the Spanish conquest in the early 1530s


pos: n
definition:
a community of South American Indians in Peru who were formerly the ruling class of the Incan Empire


pos: n
definition:
an imaginary line connecting points on the Earth's surface where the magnetic declination is the same


pos: n
definition:
a region in southern Spain on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean; formerly a center of Moorish civilization


pos: n
definition:
the point on the celestial sphere toward which the sun and solar system appear to be moving relative to the fixed stars


pos: n
definition:
apoapsis in Earth orbit; the point in its orbit where a satellite is at the greatest distance from the Earth


pos: n
definition:
apoapsis in solar orbit; the point in the orbit of a planet or comet that is at the greatest distance from the sun


pos: n
definition:
the central area of an ancient Roman amphitheater where contests and spectacles were held; especially an area that was strewn with sand


pos: n
definition:
a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography)


pos: n
definition:
the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist


pos: n
definition:
the boundary marking the edge of the sun's influence; the boundary (roughly 100 AU from the sun) between the interplanetary medium and the interstellar medium; where the solar wind from the sun and the radiation from other stars meet


pos: n
definition:
a region of northern Africa on the Mediterranean coast between Egypt and Gibraltar; was used as a base for pirates from the 16th to 19th centuries


pos: n
definition:
an ancient country in northwestern Asia Minor in what is now Turkey; was absorbed into the Roman Empire by the end of the 1st century BC


pos: n
definition:
an ancient city in Bithynia; founded in the 4th century BC and flourished under the Romans; the Nicene Creed was adopted there in 325


pos: n
definition:
an ancient region of northeastern Africa (southern Egypt and northern Sudan) on the Nile; much of Nubia is now under Lake Nasser


pos: n
definition:
(New Testament) the scene of the final battle between the kings of the Earth at the end of the world


pos: n
definition:
the entire geographical area drained by a river and its tributaries; an area characterized by all runoff being conveyed to the same outlet


pos: n
definition:
a large region between the Black and Caspian seas that contains the Caucasus Mountains; oil is its major resource


pos: n
definition:
a geographical region to the south of the Caucasus Mountains and to the north of Turkey that comprises Georgia and Armenia and Azerbaijan


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) either of the two celestial points at which the celestial equator intersects the ecliptic


pos: n
definition:
the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico)


pos: n
definition:
a center of activity or interest or commerce or transportation; a focal point around which events revolve


pos: n
definition:
a poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions


pos: n
definition:
a New Orleans district lying outside the original city limits; used in combination with the names of various quarters of the city


pos: n
definition:
(computer science) the disk space required for information that is not data but is used for location and timing


pos: n
definition:
(Arthurian legend) the capital of King Arthur's kingdom; according to the legend, truth and goodness and beauty reigned there


pos: n
definition:
(law) the residence where you have your permanent home or principal establishment and to where, whenever you are absent, you intend to return; every person is compelled to have one and only one domicile at a time


pos: n
definition:
(archeology) a mound of domestic refuse containing shells and animal bones marking the site of a prehistoric settlement


pos: n
definition:
the region of the United States lying to the north of the Ohio River and to the east of the Mississippi River


pos: n
definition:
the southwestern region of the United States generally including New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Nevada, California, and sometimes Utah and Colorado


pos: n
definition:
the north central region of the United States (sometimes called the heartland or the breadbasket of America)


pos: n
definition:
urban areas in New England and Midwest characterized by concentrations of declining industries (steel or textiles)


pos: n
definition:
the great circle representing the apparent annual path of the sun; the plane of the Earth's orbit around the sun; makes an angle of about 23 degrees with the equator


pos: n
definition:
an imaginary line around the Earth forming the great circle that is equidistant from the north and south poles


pos: n
definition:
somewhere (away from a studio or office or library or laboratory) where practical work is done or data is collected


pos: n
definition:
(theater) the space over the stage (out of view of the audience) used to store scenery (drop curtains)


pos: n
definition:
the central region of a country or continent; especially a region that is important to a country or to a culture


pos: n
definition:
a predetermined hiding place for the deposit and distribution of illicit goods (such as drugs or stolen property)


pos: n
definition:
the great circle on the celestial sphere whose plane passes through the sensible horizon and the center of the Earth


pos: n
definition:
a region that is related ethnically or historically to one country but is controlled politically by another


pos: n
definition:
(basketball) a space (including the foul line) in front of the basket at each end of a basketball court; usually painted a different color from the rest of the court


pos: n
definition:
the angular distance between an imaginary line around a heavenly body parallel to its equator and the equator itself


pos: n
definition:
a wide street in London stretching from Trafalgar Square to the Houses of Parliament; site of many government offices


pos: n
definition:
the region of northwest Africa comprising the Atlas Mountains and the coastlands of Morocco and Algeria and Tunisia


pos: n
definition:
a territory surrendered by Turkey or Germany after World War I and put under the tutelage of some other European power until they are able to stand by themselves


pos: n
definition:
an imaginary great circle on the surface of the earth passing through the north and south poles at right angles to the equator


pos: n
definition:
the point below the observer that is directly opposite the zenith on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected


pos: n
definition:
periapsis in solar orbit; the point in the orbit of a planet or comet where it is nearest to the sun


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) position of a planet as defined by its angular distance from its perihelion (as observed from the sun)


pos: n
definition:
location near or direction toward the right side; i.e. the side to the south when a person or object faces east


pos: n
definition:
location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east


pos: n
definition:
a state or territory partly controlled by (but not a possession of) a stronger state but autonomous in internal affairs; protectorates are established by treaty


pos: n
definition:
an older or native quarter of many cities in northern Africa; the quarter in which the citadel is located


pos: n
definition:
a line on a sphere that cuts all meridians at the same angle; the path taken by a ship or plane that maintains a constant compass direction


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) the angular distance of a celestial body north or to the south of the celestial equator; expressed in degrees; used with right ascension to specify positions on the celestial sphere


pos: n
definition:
(astronomy) the equatorial coordinate specifying the angle, measured eastward along the celestial equator, from the vernal equinox to the intersection of the hour circle that passes through an object in the sky; usually expressed in hours and minutes and seconds; used with declination to specify positions on the celestial sphere


pos: n
definition:
a subsidiary port built in deeper water than the original port (but usually farther from the center of trade)


pos: n
definition:
an area within a city or town that has some distinctive features (especially one forming a community)


pos: n
definition:
the boundary in ancient times between Italy and Gaul; Caesar's crossing it with his army in 49 BC was an act of war


pos: n
definition:
the back line bounding each end of a tennis or handball court; when serving the server must not step over this line


pos: n
definition:
one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism or a layer of sedimentary rock)


pos: n
definition:
a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation


pos: n
definition:
the part of the Earth's surface between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn; characterized by a hot climate


pos: n
definition:
either of two parallels of latitude about 23.5 degrees to the north and south of the equator representing the points farthest north and south at which the sun can shine directly overhead and constituting the boundaries of the Torrid Zone or tropics


pos: n
definition:
place or situation affording some advantage (especially a comprehensive view or commanding perspective)


pos: n
definition:
a line corresponding to the surface of the water when the vessel is afloat on an even keel; often painted on the hull of a ship


pos: n
definition:
(physics) an imaginary surface joining all points in space that are reached at the same instant by a wave propagating through a medium


pos: n
definition:
a tract of land enclosed for particular activities (sometimes paved and usually associated with buildings)


pos: n
definition:
the point above the observer that is directly opposite the nadir on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected


pos: n
definition:
a belt-shaped region in the heavens on either side to the ecliptic; divided into 12 constellations or signs for astrological purposes


pos: n
definition:
the first sign of the zodiac which the sun enters at the vernal equinox; the sun is in this sign from about March 21 to April 19


pos: n
definition:
an area in hostile territory that has been captured and is held awaiting further troops and supplies


pos: n
definition:
a republic in southwestern Africa on the south Atlantic coast (formerly called South West Africa); achieved independence from South Africa in 1990; the greater part of Namibia forms part of the high Namibian plateau of South Africa


pos: n
definition:
an ancient region of northern Asia Minor on the Black Sea; it reached its height under Mithridates VI but was later incorporated into the Roman Empire


pos: n
definition:
a mountainous landlocked country in central Asia; bordered by Iran to the west and Russia to the north and Pakistan to the east and south


pos: n
definition:
an uncertain region on the east shore of the Adriatic where an ancient Indo-European people once lived


pos: n
definition:
a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea with a population that is predominantly Sunni Muslim; colonized by France in the 19th century but gained autonomy in the early 1960s


pos: n
definition:
a walled city in northeastern Algeria to the east of Algiers; was destroyed in warfare in the 4th century and rebuilt by Constantine I


pos: n
definition:
an ancient Numidian town in northwestern Africa adjoining present-day Annaba in northeastern Algeria


pos: n
definition:
an ancient kingdom (later a Roman province) in North Africa in an area corresponding roughly to present-day Algeria


pos: n
definition:
a republic in southwestern Africa on the Atlantic Ocean; achieved independence from Portugal in 1975 and was the scene of civil war until 1990


pos: n
definition:
a city in northeastern Bulgaria (north of Varna) that is the commercial center of an agricultural region


pos: n
definition:
the capital and largest city of Sri Lanka; has one of the largest harbors in the world; is located on the western coast of the island of Ceylon


pos: n
definition:
a city of central Sri Lanka that was the last capital of the ancient kings of Ceylon; a resort and religious center


pos: n
definition:
the capital and largest city of Chile; located in central Chile; one of the largest cities in South America


pos: n
definition:
a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world


pos: n
definition:
capital of the People's Republic of China in the Hebei province in northeastern China; 2nd largest Chinese city


pos: n
definition:
a city on the Zhu Jiang delta in southern China; the capital of Guangdong province and a major deep-water port


pos: n
definition:
a province in southeastern central China between the Nan Ling mountains and the Chang Jiang; noted for its timber and valuable mineral resources


pos: n
definition:
an industrial conurbation in northeastern China on the southern end of the Liaodong Peninsula; it now includes the cities of Dalian and Lushun


pos: n
definition:
a city in eastern China on the Yangtze River; a former capital of China; the scene of a Japanese massacre in the 1930s


pos: n
definition:
the largest city of China; located in the east on the Pacific; one of the largest ports in the world


pos: n
definition:
a major industrial center in northeastern China on the Grand Canal near the Yellow Sea; 3rd largest city in China


pos: n
definition:
an autonomous province in far northwestern China on the border with Mongolia and Kazakhstan; the largest province in the People's Republic of China and the homeland of the Uighur people


pos: n
definition:
a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong


pos: n
definition:
a former Portuguese province on the south coast of China and two islands in the South China Sea; reverted to China in 1999


pos: n
definition:
a peninsula of southeastern Asia that includes Myanmar and Cambodia and Laos and Malaysia and Thailand and Vietnam


pos: n
definition:
a republic in northwestern South America with a coastline on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea; achieved independence from Spain in 1821 under the leadership of Simon Bolivar; Spanish is the official language


pos: n
definition:
a city in southeastern Congo near the border with Zambia; a copper mining center; former name (until 1966) was Elisabethville


pos: n
definition:
city recognized by the United States as the capital of the Ivory Coast; largest city of the Ivory Coast


pos: n
definition:
a republic in Central America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; noted for low per capita income and illiteracy; politically unstable


pos: n
definition:
a country on the northeastern coast of Central America on the Caribbean; formerly under British control


pos: n
definition:
a republic in Central America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; an early center of Mayan culture


pos: n
definition:
a peninsula in Central America extending into the Gulf of Mexico between the Bay of Campeche and the Caribbean Sea


pos: n
definition:
a port and fashionable resort city on the Pacific coast of southern Mexico; known for beaches and water sports (including cliff diving)


pos: n
definition:
a city in southwestern Mexico; a popular health resort and site of architecture from the Spanish colonial era


pos: n
definition:
a Mexican city just to the south of San Diego on the Lower California peninsula; popular among American tourists for racetracks and bullfights


pos: n
definition:
the capital and largest city of Cuba; located in western Cuba; one of the oldest cities in the Americas


pos: n
definition:
a republic in the West Indies on the western part of the island of Hispaniola; achieved independence from France in 1804; the poorest and most illiterate nation in the western hemisphere


pos: n
definition:
a country on the island of Jamaica; became independent of England in 1962; much poverty; the major industry is tourism


pos: n
definition:
the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic in the western part of the country; a cultural and commercial center since the 14th century


pos: n
definition:
an industrial city in northwestern Czech Republic in the Moravian lowlands; located in the coal mining area of Silesia


pos: n
definition:
a region in the central and eastern part of the Czech Republic; it lies to the east of Bohemia and to the west of the Carpathians


pos: n
definition:
a group of culturally related countries in northern Europe; Finland and Iceland are sometimes considered Scandinavian


pos: n
definition:
peninsula in northern Europe that forms the continental part of Denmark and a northern part of Germany


pos: n
definition:
a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea


pos: n
definition:
a country in northeastern Africa on the Somali peninsula; formerly under French control but became independent in 1997


pos: n
definition:
a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905


pos: n
definition:
the capital and largest city of Norway; the country's main port; located at the head of a fjord on Norway's southern coast


pos: n
definition:
a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990


pos: n
definition:
a city in western Germany near the Dutch and Belgian borders; formerly it was Charlemagne's northern capital


pos: n
definition:
a city of northwestern Germany linked by the Weser River to the port of Bremerhaven and the North Sea; in the Middle Ages it was a leading member of the Hanseatic League


pos: n
definition:
a port city in northwestern Germany at the mouth of the Weser River on the North Sea; has a deep natural harbor and is an important shipping center


pos: n
definition:
a city in east central Germany; formerly called Karl-Marx-Stadt until 1990; noted for textile manufacturing


pos: n
definition:
an industrial city in northwestern Germany; flourished from the 13th to 17th century as a member of the Hanseatic League


pos: n
definition:
a city in southeastern Germany on the Elbe River; it was almost totally destroyed by British air raids in 1945


pos: n
definition:
a German city near Leipzig; scene of the adoption in 1919 of the constitution of the Weimar Republic that lasted until 1933


pos: n
definition:
a town in northern Germany (near Hanover) that is famous as the setting for the legend of the Pied Piper


pos: n
definition:
a commercial center and river port in western Germany on the Rhine River; flourished during the 15th century as a member of the Hanseatic League


pos: n
definition:
a city in the Saxony region of Germany on the Saale River; a member of the Hanseatic League during the 13th and 14th centuries


pos: n
definition:
a port city in northern Germany on the Elbe River that was founded by Charlemagne in the 9th century and is today the largest port in Germany; in 1241 it formed an alliance with Lubeck that became the basis for the Hanseatic League


pos: n
definition:
a city in northwestern Germany and an important Baltic port; a leading member of the Hanseatic League


pos: n
definition:
a city in northeastern Germany near the Baltic sea; an important member of the Hanseatic League in the 14th century


pos: n
definition:
the territory of an Elector (of the Holy Roman Empire) that expanded to become the kingdom of Prussia in 1701


pos: n
definition:
a republic in northwestern South America; became independent from Spain in 1822; the landscape is dominated by the Andes


pos: n
definition:
a group of islands in the Pacific off South America; owned by Ecuador; known for unusual animal life


pos: n
definition:
an African country to the north of Ethiopia on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Ethiopia in 1993


pos: n
definition:
a group of more than 800 islands (100 inhabited) in the southwestern Pacific; larger islands (Viti Levu and Vanua Levu) are of volcanic origin surrounded by coral reefs; smaller islands are coral


pos: n
definition:
the capital and largest city of Finland; located in southern Finland; a major port and commercial and cultural center


pos: n
definition:
a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil


pos: n
definition:
ancient Greece; a country of city-states (especially Athens and Sparta) that reached its peak in the fifth century BCE


pos: n
definition:
a Greek island in the southeast Aegean Sea 10 miles off the Turkish coast; the largest of the Dodecanese; it was colonized before 1000 BC by Dorians from Argos; site of the Colossus of Rhodes


pos: n
definition:
an ancient coastal region of northwestern Asia Minor (including Lesbos) where the Aeolians founded several cities around 1100 BC


pos: n
definition:
the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean; site of the Minoan civilization that reached its peak in 1600 BC


pos: n
definition:
an autonomous area in northeastern Greece that is the site of several Greek Orthodox monasteries founded in the tenth century


pos: n
definition:
a hill to the to the west of the Athenian acropolis where met the highest governmental council of ancient Athens and later a judicial court


pos: n
definition:
an ancient Greek city famous for military prowess; the dominant city of the Peloponnesus prior to the 4th century BC


pos: n
definition:
an ancient area on the Ionian Sea that flourished as a kingdom in the 3rd century BC; located in northwestern Greece and southern Albania


pos: n
definition:
an ancient region on the coast of western Asia Minor; a powerful kingdom until conquered by the Persians in 546 BC


pos: n
definition:
an ancient Greek city on the western shore of Asia Minor in what is now Turkey; site of the Temple of Artemis; was a major trading center and played an important role in early Christianity


pos: n
definition:
a port city in western Greece in the northwestern Peloponnese on an inlet of the Ionian Sea; was a major trade center from the 5th century BC to the 3rd century BC; commercial importance revived during the Middle Ages


pos: n
definition:
a fertile plain on the Aegean Sea in east central Greece; Thessaly was a former region of ancient Greece


pos: n
definition:
a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea; famous for a reddish-brown clay that has medicinal properties


pos: n
definition:
a plain in Greece in the northwestern Peloponnese; the chief sanctuary of Zeus and the site of the original Olympian Games


pos: n
definition:
the area around the eastern Mediterranean; from Turkey to northern Africa and eastward to Iran; the site of such ancient civilizations as Phoenicia and Babylon and Egypt and the birthplace of Judaism and Christianity and Islam; had continuous economic and political turmoil in the 20th century


pos: n
definition:
an ancient kingdom of the Hebrew tribes at the southeastern end of the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Saul around 1025 BC and destroyed by the Assyrians in 721 BC


pos: n
definition:
an area of northern Israel; formerly the northern part of Palestine and the ancient kingdom of Israel; the scene of Jesus's ministry


pos: n
definition:
capital and largest city of the modern state of Israel (although its status as capital is disputed); it was captured from Jordan in 1967 in the Six Day War; a holy city for Jews and Christians and Muslims; was the capital of an ancient kingdom


pos: n
definition:
a small town near Jerusalem on the West Bank of the Jordan River; early home of David and regarded as the place where Jesus was born


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) an ancient city near the Dead Sea that (along with Gomorrah) was destroyed by God for the wickedness of its inhabitants


pos: n
definition:
(Old Testament) an ancient city near the Dead Sea that (along with Sodom) was destroyed by God for the vice and depravity of its inhabitants


pos: n
definition:
originally a stronghold captured by David (the 2nd king of the Israelites); above it was built a temple and later the name extended to the whole hill; finally it became a synonym for the city of Jerusalem


pos: n
definition:
a system of hills in Britain that extend from the Scottish border in the north to the Trent River in the south; forms the watershed for English rivers


pos: n
definition:
the most important of the Seven Hills of Rome; supposedly the location of the first settlement and the site of many imperial palaces


pos: n
definition:
an ancient country in southwestern Asia on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea; a place of pilgrimage for Christianity and Islam and Judaism


pos: n
definition:
a former British mandate on the east coast of the Mediterranean; divided between Jordan and Israel in 1948


pos: n
definition:
the southern part of ancient Palestine succeeding the kingdom of Judah; a Roman province at the time of Christ


pos: n
definition:
an ancient city in central Palestine founded in the 9th century BC as the capital of the northern Hebrew kingdom of Israel; the site is in present-day northwestern Jordan


pos: n
definition:
an ancient region on the coast of southwestern Palestine that was strategically located on a trade route between Syria and Egypt; important in biblical times


pos: n
definition:
an ancient city on the Bosporus founded by the Greeks; site of modern Istanbul; in 330 Constantine I rebuilt the city and called it Constantinople and made it his capital


pos: n
definition:
a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD


pos: n
definition:
an Italian city in Trentino-Alto Adige near the Austrian border; noted as a resort and for its Alpine scenery


pos: n
definition:
an island (part of Campania) in the Bay of Naples in southern Italy; a tourist attraction noted for beautiful scenery


pos: n
definition:
capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire


pos: n
definition:
a town of central Italy on the Tyrrhenian Sea; the Allies established a beachhead at Anzio in World War II


pos: n
definition:
a town twenty miles to the east of Rome (Tibur is the ancient name); a summer resort during the Roman empire; noted for its waterfalls


pos: n
definition:
a city in Lombardy on the Po River; noted for the manufacture of fine violins from the 16th to the 18th centuries


pos: n
definition:
the capital of Lombardy in northern Italy; has been an international center of trade and industry since the Middle Ages


pos: n
definition:
the Italian region on the island of Sardinia; the kingdom of Sardinia was the nucleus for uniting Italy during the 19th century


pos: n
definition:
a city in central Italy on the Arno; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian Renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries


pos: n
definition:
the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction


pos: n
definition:
a historical plateau region in northwestern Romania that is separated from the rest of the country by the Transylvanian Alps; originally part of Hungary; incorporated into Romania at the end of World War I


pos: n
definition:
a former country of southeastern Europe bordering the Adriatic Sea; formed in 1918 and named Yugoslavia in 1929; controlled by Marshal Tito as a communist state until his death in 1980


pos: n
definition:
a republic in the western Balkans in south-central Europe in the eastern Adriatic coastal area; formerly part of the Habsburg monarchy and Yugoslavia; became independent in 1991


pos: n
definition:
a mountainous republic in southeastern Europe bordering on the Adriatic Sea; formed from two of the six republics that made up Yugoslavia until 1992; Serbia and Montenegro were known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 2003 when they adopted the name of the Union of Serbia and Montenegro


pos: n
definition:
a historical region in central and northern Yugoslavia; Serbs settled the region in the 6th and 7th centuries


pos: n
definition:
a mountainous republic of south-central Europe; formerly part of the Ottoman Empire and then a part of Yugoslavia; voted for independence in 1992 but the mostly Serbian army of Yugoslavia refused to accept the vote and began ethnic cleansing in order to rid Bosnia of its Croats and Muslims


pos: n
definition:
capital and largest city of Bosnia; scene of the assassination of Francis Ferdinand in 1914 which precipitated World War I


pos: n
definition:
a mountainous republic in central Europe; formerly part of the Habsburg monarchy and Yugoslavia; achieved independence in 1991


pos: n
definition:
the largest island in the world; lies between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean; a self-governing province of Denmark


pos: n
definition:
the mainland part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in the eastern part of the large Labrador-Ungava Peninsula in northeastern Canada


pos: n
definition:
a nation in northern North America; the French were the first Europeans to settle in mainland Canada


pos: n
definition:
the collective name for the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island


pos: n
definition:
the largest city in southern Alberta; an oil and gas center and a technology center for Alberta and most of western Canada


pos: n
definition:
a port city in southwestern British Columbia on an arm of the Pacific Ocean opposite Vancouver Island; Canada's chief Pacific port and third largest city


pos: n
definition:
an Arctic territory in northern Canada created in 1999 and governed solely by the Inuit; includes the eastern part of what was the Northwest Territories and most of the islands of the Arctic Archipelago


pos: n
definition:
a city in southern Quebec province on the Saint Lawrence River; the largest city in Quebec and 2nd largest in Canada; the 2nd largest French-speaking city in the world


pos: n
definition:
a town in northwestern Canada in the Yukon on the Yukon River; a boom town around 1900 when gold was discovered in the Klondike


pos: n
definition:
a nation occupying the whole of the Australian continent; Aboriginal tribes are thought to have migrated from southeastern Asia 20,000 years ago; first Europeans were British convicts sent there as a penal colony


pos: n
definition:
capital and largest city of Queensland state; located in the southeastern corner of Queensland on the Pacific; settled by British as a penal colony; 3rd largest city in Australia


pos: n
definition:
the largest Australian city located in southeastern Australia on the Tasman Sea; state capital of New South Wales; Australia's chief port


pos: n
definition:
a large group of islands in the south Pacific including Melanesia and Micronesia and Polynesia (and sometimes Australasia and the Malay Archipelago)


pos: n
definition:
a country scattered over Micronesia with a constitutional government in free association with the United States; achieved independence in 1986


pos: n
definition:
a chain of coral and volcanic islands in Micronesia (including Guam and the Northern Marianas) halfway between New Guinea and Japan; discovered by Magellan in 1521


pos: n
definition:
the largest island in the Northern Marianas and the administrative center of the commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in union with the United States


pos: n
definition:
the largest and southernmost island in the Marianas which is administered as a territory of the United States; it was ceded by Spain to the United States in 1898


pos: n
definition:
an atoll in the Marshall Islands; formerly used by the United States as a site for testing nuclear weapons


pos: n
definition:
an atoll in the Marshall Islands; site of an amphibious assault in World War II; later used temporarily by the United States to test atomic bombs


pos: n
definition:
an atoll in the western Marshall Islands that was used as a Japanese air and naval base during World War II


pos: n
definition:
a small island republic on the Tuvalu islands; formerly part of the British colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands until it withdrew in 1975 and became independent of the United Kingdom in 1978


pos: n
definition:
a small island in the central Pacific Ocean 2,800 miles to the southwest of Hawaii; in Micronesia to the west of the Gilbert Islands


pos: n
definition:
3rd largest island in the world; in the western Pacific to the north of Java; largely covered by dense jungle and rain forest; part of the Malay Archipelago


pos: n
definition:
a mountainous island; the largest of the Solomon Islands in the independent state that is a member of the British Commonwealth


pos: n
definition:
a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century


pos: n
definition:
the capital and largest city of Austria; located on the Danube in northeastern Austria; was the home of Beethoven and Brahms and Haydn and Mozart and Schubert and Strauss


pos: n
definition:
an island country in the Persian Gulf off the coast of Saudi Arabia; oil revenues funded progressive programs until reserves were exhausted in 1970s


pos: n
definition:
a Muslim republic in southern Asia bordered by India to the north and west and east and the Bay of Bengal to the south; formerly part of India and then part of Pakistan; it achieved independence in 1971


pos: n
definition:
a medieval country in northern Europe that included regions now parts of northern France and Belgium and southwestern Netherlands


pos: n
definition:
a monarchy in northwestern Europe; headquarters for the European Union and for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization


pos: n
definition:
a busy port and financial center in northern Belgium on the Scheldt river; it has long been a center for the diamond industry and the first stock exchange was opened there in 1460


pos: n
definition:
a city in northwestern Belgium that is connected by canal to the North Sea; in the 13th century it was a leading member of the Hanseatic League; the old city (known as the City of Bridges) is a popular tourist attraction


pos: n
definition:
a city in south central Belgium situated on a promontory between the Meuse River and the Sambre River; the site of intense fighting in World War I and World War II


pos: n
definition:
a landlocked republic in south-central Africa that became independent from British control in the 1960s


pos: n
definition:
a landlocked republic in central South America; Simon Bolivar founded Bolivia in 1825 after winning independence from Spain


pos: n
definition:
the largest Latin American country and the largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the central and northeastern part of South America; world's leading coffee exporter


pos: n
definition:
port city in northern Brazil in the Amazon delta; main port and commercial center for the Amazon River basin


pos: n
definition:
the former capital and 2nd largest city of Brazil; chief Brazilian port; famous as a tourist attraction


pos: n
definition:
a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; `Great Britain' is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom


pos: n
definition:
a popular tourist area in northwestern England including England's largest lake and highest mountain


pos: n
definition:
the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center


pos: n
definition:
a borough of Greater London on the Thames; zero degrees of longitude runs through Greenwich; time is measured relative to Greenwich Mean Time


pos: n
definition:
a borough of Greater London on the Thames; contains Buckingham Palace and the Houses of Parliament and Westminster Abbey


pos: n
definition:
a suburb of London and the headquarters of the club where annual international tennis championships are played on grass courts


pos: n
definition:
a city in northwestern England (30 miles to the east of Liverpool); heart of the most densely populated area of England


pos: n
definition:
a city in central England; 2nd largest English city and an important industrial and transportation center


pos: n
definition:
a city in East Sussex in southern England that is a popular resort; site of the University of Sussex


pos: n
definition:
a port city in northeastern England on the River Tyne; a center for coal exports (giving rise to the expression `carry coals to Newcastle' meaning to do something unnecessary)


pos: n
definition:
an industrial city in central England; devastated by air raids during World War II; remembered as the home of Lady Godiva in the 11th century


pos: n
definition:
a former Celtic kingdom in northwestern England; the name continued to be used for the hilly northwestern region of England including the Lake District and the northern Pennines


pos: n
definition:
a county in southeastern England on the English Channel; formerly an Anglo-Saxon kingdom, it was the first to be colonized by the Romans


pos: n
definition:
a town in Kent in southeastern England; site of the cathedral where Thomas a Becket was martyred in 1170; seat of the archbishop and primate of the Anglican Church


pos: n
definition:
a county in southern England on the English Channel; formerly an Anglo-Saxon kingdom that was captured by Wessex in the 9th century


pos: n
definition:
a Saxon kingdom in southwestern England that became the most powerful English kingdom by the 10th century


pos: n
definition:
a historic division of Ireland located in the northeastern part of the island; six of Ulster's nine counties are in Northern Ireland


pos: n
definition:
a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921


pos: n
definition:
one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts


pos: n
definition:
the geographical area (in Roman times) to the north of the Antonine Wall; now a poetic name for Scotland


pos: n
definition:
a mountainous region of northern Scotland famous for its rugged beauty; known for the style of dress (the kilt and tartan) and the clan system (now in disuse)


pos: n
definition:
largest city in Scotland; a port on the Clyde in west central Scotland; one of the great shipbuilding centers of the world


pos: n
definition:
one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria


pos: n
definition:
an ancient empire to the west of Israel; centered on the Nile River and ruled by a Pharaoh; figured in many events described in the Old Testament


pos: n
definition:
a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC


pos: n
definition:
the chief port of Egypt; located on the western edge of the Nile delta on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Alexander the Great; the capital of ancient Egypt


pos: n
definition:
the capital of Egypt and the largest city in Africa; a major port just to the south of the Nile delta; formerly the home of the Pharaohs


pos: n
definition:
an ancient Egyptian city on the west bank of the Nile opposite Cairo; site of three Great Pyramids and the Sphinx


pos: n
definition:
a city in central Egypt on the east bank of the Nile that is a center for visitors to the ruins of and around Thebes


pos: n
definition:
an ancient Egyptian city on the Nile River that flourished from the 22nd century BC to the 18th century BC; today the archeological remains include many splendid temples and tombs


pos: n
definition:
a city in northeastern Egypt at the head of the Gulf of Suez and at the southern end of the Suez Canal


pos: n
definition:
a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947


pos: n
definition:
a geographical area and former kingdom in northeastern India in the Himalaya Mountains between Nepal and Bhutan


pos: n
definition:
the largest city in India and one of the largest cities in the world; located in eastern India; suffers from poverty and overcrowding


pos: n
definition:
a city in western India just off the coast of the Arabian Sea; India's 2nd largest city (after Calcutta); has the only natural deep-water harbor in western India


pos: n
definition:
a city in northern India in Uttar Pradesh; during the Indian Mutiny its British residents were besieged by Indian insurgents


pos: n
definition:
a region of western India to the north of Bombay (bordering the Arabian Sea) where Gujarati is spoken


pos: n
definition:
the sacred city of Lamaism; known as the Forbidden City for its former inaccessibility and hostility to strangers


pos: n
definition:
a republic in southeastern Asia on an archipelago including more than 13,000 islands; achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1945; the principal oil producer in the Far East and Pacific regions


pos: n
definition:
an island in Indonesia to the east of Java; striking volcanic scenery; culture is known for elaborate dances and rituals and for handicrafts


pos: n
definition:
an island in Indonesia in the Malay Archipelago; the largest and most eastern of the Lesser Sunda Islands


pos: n
definition:
a group of island in eastern Indonesia between Celebes and New Guinea; settled by the Portuguese but taken by the Dutch who made them the center for a spice monopoly, at which time they were known as Spice Islands


pos: n
definition:
capital and largest city of Indonesia; located on the island of Java; founded by the Dutch in 17th century


pos: n
definition:
a theocratic Islamic republic in the Middle East in western Asia; Iran was the core of the ancient empire that was known as Persia until 1935; rich in oil


pos: n
definition:
an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC


pos: n
definition:
an ancient country in southwestern Asia to the east of the Tigris River (in what is modern Iran); was known for its warlike people


pos: n
definition:
a republic in the Middle East in western Asia; the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia was in the area now known as Iraq


pos: n
definition:
a city of central Iraq to the south of Baghdad; a holy city for Shiite Muslims because it is the site of the tomb of Mohammed's grandson who was killed there in 680


pos: n
definition:
the former name for the geographical area of the eastern Mediterranean that is now occupied by Lebanon, Syria, and Israel


pos: n
definition:
the ancient kingdom of Philip II and Alexander the Great in the southeastern Balkans that is now divided among modern Macedonia and Greece and Bulgaria


pos: n
definition:
an ancient country and wine producing region in the east of the Balkan Peninsula to the north of the Aegean Sea; colonized by ancient Greeks; later a Roman province; now divided between Bulgaria and Greece and Turkey


pos: n
definition:
a city in northwestern Turkey; a Thracian town that was rebuilt and renamed by the Roman Emperor Hadrian


pos: n
definition:
the land between the Tigris and Euphrates; site of several ancient civilizations; part of what is now known as Iraq


pos: n
definition:
an ancient kingdom in southern Mesopotamia; Babylonia conquered Israel in the 6th century BC and exiled the Jews to Babylon (where Daniel became a counselor to the king)


pos: n
definition:
an ancient region of Mesopotamia lying between the Euphrates delta and the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Desert; settled in 1000 BC and destroyed by the Persians in 539 BC; reached the height of its power under Nebuchadnezzar II


pos: n
definition:
an area in the southern region of Babylonia in present-day Iraq; site of the Sumerian civilization of city-states that flowered during the third millennium BC


pos: n
definition:
an ancient Assyrian city on the Tigris and traditional capital of Assyria; just to the south of the modern city of Mosul in Iraq


pos: n
definition:
an ancient Assyrian city on the Tigris across from the modern city of Mosul in the northern part of what is now known as Iraq


pos: n
definition:
an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis; founded by Phoenicians; destroyed and rebuilt by Romans; razed by Arabs in 697


pos: n
definition:
an ancient city on the north coast of Africa (northwest of Carthage); destroyed by Arabs around 700 AD


pos: n
definition:
a string of more than 3,000 islands to the east of Asia extending 1,300 miles between the Sea of Japan and the western Pacific Ocean


pos: n
definition:
the central and largest of the four main islands of Japan; between the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean; regarded as the Japanese mainland


pos: n
definition:
the smallest of the four main islands of Japan; to the south of Honshu and to the east of Kyushu; separated from Honshu by the Inland Sea; forested and mountainous


pos: n
definition:
a constitutional monarchy occupying the Japanese Archipelago; a world leader in electronics and automobile manufacture and ship building


pos: n
definition:
a city in central Japan on southern Honshu; a famous cultural center that was once the capital of Japan


pos: n
definition:
a port city on the southwestern coast of Honshu in Japan; on August 6, 1945 Hiroshima was almost completely destroyed by the first atomic bomb dropped on a populated area


pos: n
definition:
a city in southern Japan on Kyushu; a leading port and shipbuilding center; on August 9, 1945 Nagasaki became the second populated area to receive an atomic bomb


pos: n
definition:
a village in Palestine near the north end of the Dead Sea; in the Old Testament it was the first place taken by the Israelites under Joshua as they entered the Promised Land


pos: n
definition:
a republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1963; major archeological discoveries have been made in the Great Rift Valley in Kenya


pos: n
definition:
an ancient region of western Europe that included what is now northern Italy and France and Belgium and part of Germany and the Netherlands


pos: n
definition:
a town in southeastern France on the Rhone River; the seat of the papacy from 1309 to 1378 and the residence of antipopes during the Great Schism


pos: n
definition:
a town in northern France on the Strait of Dover that serves as a ferry port to England; in 1347 it was captured by the English king Edward III after a long siege and remained in English hands until it was recaptured by the French king Henry II in 1558


pos: n
definition:
a seaport in northern France on the North Sea; scene of the evacuation of British forces in 1940 during World War II


pos: n
definition:
a city on the Loire river in north central France; site of the siege of Orleans by the English (1428-1429)


pos: n
definition:
a city in northeastern France to the east of Paris; scene of the coronation of most French kings; site of the unconditional German surrender in 1945 at the end of World War II


pos: n
definition:
a city on the Garonne River in southern France to the southeast of Bordeaux; a cultural center of medieval Europe


pos: n
definition:
a city in north central France near Paris; site of the Palace of Versailles that was built by Louis XIV in the 17th century


pos: n
definition:
a town in central France (south of Paris) noted for hot mineral springs; was capital of the unoccupied part of France during World War II


pos: n
definition:
a town in south central France where is 1311-1313 the Roman Catholic Church held one of its councils


pos: n
definition:
a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay


pos: n
definition:
a wooded plateau in the Champagne-Ardenne region of France; the site of intense fighting in World War I and World War II


pos: n
definition:
an island in the eastern Caribbean in the Windward Islands; administered as an overseas region of France


pos: n
definition:
a former province of northwestern France on the English channel; divided into Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie


pos: n
definition:
a geographical region of historical importance; a former duchy in what is now southwestern France, western Switzerland, and northwestern Italy


pos: n
definition:
an island state in the West Indies in the southeastern Caribbean Sea; an independent state within the British Commonwealth


pos: n
definition:
a republic in western Africa on the Atlantic; formerly a French colony; achieved independence from France in 1958


pos: n
definition:
a republic in northeastern South America; formerly part of the British Empire, but it achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1966


pos: n
definition:
an industrial center and the nominal capital of the Netherlands; center of the diamond-cutting industry; seat of an important stock exchange; known for its canals and art museum


pos: n
definition:
a city of east central Netherlands; a popular tourist center and site of the summer residence of the Dutch royal family


pos: n
definition:
a city in the central Netherlands on the lower Rhine River; site of a battle in 1944 during World War II


pos: n
definition:
a city in the western Netherlands; residence of the Pilgrim Fathers for 11 years before they sailed for America in 1620


pos: n
definition:
the western part of the ancient region of Frisia in northern Europe on the North Sea between the Scheldt river and the Weser river; part of this region is now a province in the Netherlands


pos: n
definition:
the capital and chief port of Iceland on the southwestern coast of Iceland; buildings are heated by natural hot water


pos: n
definition:
the geographical region believed by ancient geographers to be the northernmost land in the inhabited world


pos: n
definition:
an Asian peninsula (off Manchuria) separating the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan; the Korean name is Dae-Han-Min-Gook or Han-Gook


pos: n
definition:
a mountainous landlocked communist state in southeastern Asia; achieved independence from France in 1949


pos: n
definition:
a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks


pos: n
definition:
an ancient Mediterranean seaport that was a thriving city state in Phoenicia during the second millennium BC; was the chief port for the export of papyrus; located in Lebanon to the north of Beirut; now partially excavated


pos: n
definition:
a landlocked constitutional monarchy in southern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1966


pos: n
definition:
a military dictatorship in northern Africa on the Mediterranean; consists almost entirely of desert; a major exporter of petroleum


pos: n
definition:
the capital and chief port and largest city of Libya; in northwestern Libya on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by the Phoenicians in the 7th century BC


pos: n
definition:
a small landlocked principality (constitutional monarchy) in central Europe located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland


pos: n
definition:
a grand duchy (a constitutional monarchy) landlocked in northwestern Europe between France and Belgium and Germany; an international financial center


pos: n
definition:
an island in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa; the 4th largest island in the world


pos: n
definition:
a landlocked republic in southern central Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964


pos: n
definition:
a constitutional monarchy in southeastern Asia on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1957


pos: n
definition:
a landlocked republic in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960; Mali was a center of West African civilization for more than 4,000 years


pos: n
definition:
a republic on the island of Malta in the Mediterranean; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964


pos: n
definition:
a country in northwestern Africa with a provisional military government; achieved independence from France in 1960; largely western Sahara Desert


pos: n
definition:
the vast geographical region of Europe and Asia that was controlled by the Mongols in the 13th and 14th centuries


pos: n
definition:
a kingdom (constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Africa with a largely Muslim population; achieved independence from France in 1956


pos: n
definition:
a republic on the southeastern coast of Africa on the Mozambique Channel; became independent from Portugal in 1975


pos: n
definition:
a landlocked republic in West Africa; gained independence from France in 1960; most of the country is dominated by the Sahara Desert


pos: n
definition:
a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; gained independence from Britain in 1960; most populous African country


pos: n
definition:
chief port and economic center of Nigeria; located in southwestern Nigeria on the Gulf of Guinea; former capital of Nigeria


pos: n
definition:
a strategically located monarchy on the southern and eastern coasts of the Arabian Peninsula; the economy is dominated by oil


pos: n
definition:
a Muslim republic that occupies the heartland of ancient south Asian civilization in the Indus River valley; formerly part of India; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947


pos: n
definition:
the largest city in Pakistan; located in southeastern Pakistan; an industrial center and seaport on the Arabian Sea; former capital of Pakistan


pos: n
definition:
an ancient city in northeastern Pakistan; served as capital of Pakistan while Islamabad was being built


pos: n
definition:
an ancient kingdom in Asia to the southeast of the Caspian Sea; it dominated southwestern Asia from about 250 BC to AD 226


pos: n
definition:
a republic in western South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; was the heart of the Inca empire from the 12th to 16th centuries


pos: n
definition:
capital and largest city and economic center of Peru; located in western Peru; was capital of the Spanish empire in the New World until the 19th century


pos: n
definition:
the second largest island of the Philippines at the southern end of the archipelago; mountainous and volcanic


