diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'devices')
| -rw-r--r-- | devices/__init__.py | 0 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | devices/device.py | 61 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | devices/rfidrweusb.py | 200 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | devices/serial/__init__.py | 25 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | devices/serial/serialposix.py | 492 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | devices/serial/serialutil.py | 400 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | devices/tis2000.py | 252 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | devices/utils.py | 98 |
8 files changed, 0 insertions, 1528 deletions
diff --git a/devices/__init__.py b/devices/__init__.py deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29..0000000 --- a/devices/__init__.py +++ /dev/null diff --git a/devices/device.py b/devices/device.py deleted file mode 100644 index 04a82b2..0000000 --- a/devices/device.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ -import gobject - -class RFIDDevice(gobject.GObject): - """ - Ancestor class for every supported device. - The main class for the device driver must be called "RFIDReader". - """ - # signal "tag-read" has to be emitted when a tag has been read. - # The handler must receive the ISO-11784 hex value of the tag. - # signal "disconnected" has to be emitted when the device is - # unplugged or an error has been detected. - __gsignals__ = { - 'tag-read': (gobject.SIGNAL_RUN_LAST, gobject.TYPE_NONE, - (gobject.TYPE_STRING,)), - 'disconnected': (gobject.SIGNAL_RUN_LAST, gobject.TYPE_NONE, - (gobject.TYPE_STRING,)) - } - def __init__(self): - """ - Initializer. Subclasses must call this method. - """ - self.__gobject_init__() - - def get_present(self): - """ - This method must detect if the device is present, returning True if so, - or False otherwise. - """ - raise NotImplementedError - - def get_version(self): - """ - Returns a descriptive text of the device. - """ - raise NotImplementedError - - def do_connect(self): - """ - Connects to the device. - Must return True if successfull, False otherwise. - """ - raise NotImplementedError - - def do_disconnect(self): - """ - Disconnects from the device. - """ - raise NotImplementedError - - def read_tag(self): - """ - Returns the 64 bit data in hex format of the last read tag. - """ - raise NotImplementedError - - def write_tag(self, hex_val): - """ - Could be implemented if the device is capable of writing tags. - Receives the hex value (according to ISO 11784) to be written. - Returns True if successfull or False if something went wrong. - """ diff --git a/devices/rfidrweusb.py b/devices/rfidrweusb.py deleted file mode 100644 index bd12631..0000000 --- a/devices/rfidrweusb.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,200 +0,0 @@ -from device import RFIDDevice -from serial import Serial -import dbus -from dbus.mainloop.glib import DBusGMainLoop -import gobject -from time import sleep -import utils - -HAL_SERVICE = 'org.freedesktop.Hal' -HAL_MGR_PATH = '/org/freedesktop/Hal/Manager' -HAL_MGR_IFACE = 'org.freedesktop.Hal.Manager' -HAL_DEV_IFACE = 'org.freedesktop.Hal.Device' -REGEXP_SERUSB = '\/org\/freedesktop\/Hal\/devices\/usb_device['\ - 'a-z,A-Z,0-9,_]*serial_usb_[0-9]' - -VERSIONS = ['301'] - -class RFIDReader(RFIDDevice): - """ - RFIDRW-E-W interface. - """ - - def __init__(self): - - RFIDDevice.__init__(self) - self.last_tag = "" - self.tags = [] - self.ser = Serial() - self.device = '' - self.device_path = '' - self._connected = False - - loop = DBusGMainLoop() - self.bus = dbus.SystemBus(mainloop=loop) - hmgr_iface = dbus.Interface(self.bus.get_object(HAL_SERVICE, - HAL_MGR_PATH), HAL_MGR_IFACE) - - hmgr_iface.connect_to_signal('DeviceRemoved', self._device_removed_cb) - - def get_present(self): - """ - Checks if RFID-RW-USB device is present. - Returns True if so, False otherwise. - """ - hmgr_if = dbus.Interface(self.bus.get_object(HAL_SERVICE, HAL_MGR_PATH), - HAL_MGR_IFACE) - serialusb_devices = set(hmgr_if.FindDeviceStringMatch('serial.type', - 'usb')) & set(hmgr_if.FindDeviceStringMatch( - 'info.subsystem', 'tty')) - for i in serialusb_devices: - serialusb_if = dbus.Interface(self.bus.get_object(HAL_SERVICE, i), - HAL_DEV_IFACE) - if serialusb_if.PropertyExists('info.parent'): - parent_udi = str(serialusb_if.GetProperty('info.parent')) - parent = dbus.Interface(self.bus.get_object(HAL_SERVICE, - parent_udi), HAL_DEV_IFACE) - if parent.PropertyExists('info.linux.driver') and \ - str(parent.GetProperty('info.linux.driver')) == 'ftdi_sio': - device = str(serialusb_if.GetProperty('linux.device_file')) - ser = Serial(device, 9600, timeout=0.1) - ser.read(100) - ser.write('v') - ser.write('e') - ser.write('r') - ser.write('\x0D') - resp = ser.read(4) - if resp[0:-1] in VERSIONS: - self.device = device - self.device_path = i - return True - return False - - def do_connect(self): - """ - Connects to the device. - Returns True if successfull, False otherwise. - """ - retval = False - if self.get_present(): - try: - self.ser = Serial(self.device, 9600, timeout=0.1) - self._connected = True - if self._select_animal_tag: - #gobject.idle_add(self._loop) - gobject.timeout_add(1000, self._loop) - retval = True - except: - self._connected = False - return retval - - def do_disconnect(self): - """ - Disconnect from the device. - """ - self.ser.close() - self._connected = False - - def read_tag(self): - """ - Returns the last read value. - """ - return self.last_tag - - def _select_animal_tag(self): - """ - Sends the "Select Tag 2" (animal tag) command to the device. - """ - self.ser.read(100) - self.ser.write('s') - self.ser.write('t') - self.ser.write('2') - self.ser.write('\x0d') - resp = self.ser.read(3)[0:-1] - if resp == 'OK': - return True - return False - - def get_version(self): - """ - Sends the version command to the device and returns - a string with the device version. - """ - #self.ser.flushInput() - ver = "???" - self.ser.read(100) - self.ser.write('v') - self.ser.write('e') - self.ser.write('r') - self.ser.write('\x0d') - resp = self.ser.read(4)[0:-1] - if resp in VERSIONS: - return "RFIDRW-E-USB " + resp - return ver - - def _device_removed_cb(self, path): - """ - Called when a device is removed. - Checks if the removed device is itself and emits the "disconnected" - signal if so. - """ - if path == self.device_path: - self.device_path = '' - self.ser.close() - self._connected = False - self.tags = [] - self.emit("disconnected","RFID-RW-USB") - - def _loop(self): - """ - Threaded loop for reading data from the device. - """ - if not self._connected: - return False - - self.ser.read(100) - self.ser.write('r') - self.ser.write('a') - self.ser.write('t') - self.ser.write('\x0d') - resp = self.ser.read(33)[0:-1].split('_') - if resp.__len__() is not 6 or resp in self.tags: - return True - - self.tags.append(resp) - anbit_bin = utils.dec2bin(int(resp[2])) - reserved_bin = '00000000000000' - databit_bin = utils.dec2bin(int(resp[3])) - country_bin = utils.dec2bin(int(resp[0])) - while country_bin.__len__() < 10: - country_bin = '0' + country_bin - id_bin = utils.dec2bin(int(resp[1])) - while id_bin.__len__() < 10: - id_bin = '0' + id_bin - - tag_bin = anbit_bin + reserved_bin + databit_bin + country_bin + id_bin - data = utils.bin2hex(tag_bin) - self.emit("tag-read", data) - self.last_tag = data - #sleep(1) - return True - -# Testing -#if __name__ == '__main__': -# def handler(device, idhex): -# """ -# Handler for "tag-read" signal. -# Prints the tag id. -# """ -# print "ID: ", idhex -# -# dev = RFIDReader() -# if dev.get_present(): -# print "SIPI!" -# dev.do_connect() -# dev.connect('tag-read', handler) -# else: -# print "Not connected" -# -# mloop = gobject.MainLoop() -# mloop.run() diff --git a/devices/serial/__init__.py b/devices/serial/__init__.py deleted file mode 100644 index 681ad5c..0000000 --- a/devices/serial/__init__.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python -#portable serial port access with python -#this is a wrapper module for different platform implementations -# -# (C)2001-2002 Chris Liechti <cliechti@gmx.net> -# this is distributed under a free software license, see license.txt - -VERSION = '2.4' - -import sys - -if sys.platform == 'cli': - from serialcli import * -else: - import os - #chose an implementation, depending on os - if os.name == 'nt': #sys.platform == 'win32': - from serialwin32 import * - elif os.name == 'posix': - from serialposix import * - elif os.name == 'java': - from serialjava import * - else: - raise Exception("Sorry: no implementation for your platform ('%s') available" % os.name) - diff --git a/devices/serial/serialposix.py b/devices/serial/serialposix.py deleted file mode 100644 index 174e2f7..0000000 --- a/devices/serial/serialposix.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,492 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python -# Python Serial Port Extension for Win32, Linux, BSD, Jython -# module for serial IO for POSIX compatible systems, like Linux -# see __init__.py -# -# (C) 2001-2008 Chris Liechti <cliechti@gmx.net> -# this is distributed under a free software license, see license.txt -# -# parts based on code from Grant B. Edwards <grante@visi.com>: -# ftp://ftp.visi.com/users/grante/python/PosixSerial.py -# references: http://www.easysw.com/~mike/serial/serial.html - -import sys, os, fcntl, termios, struct, select, errno -from serialutil import * - -#Do check the Python version as some constants have moved. -if (sys.hexversion < 0x020100f0): - import TERMIOS -else: - TERMIOS = termios - -if (sys.hexversion < 0x020200f0): - import FCNTL -else: - FCNTL = fcntl - -#try to detect the os so that a device can be selected... -plat = sys.platform.lower() - -if plat[:5] == 'linux': #Linux (confirmed) - def device(port): - return '/dev/ttyS%d' % port - -elif plat == 'cygwin': #cywin/win32 (confirmed) - def device(port): - return '/dev/com%d' % (port + 1) - -elif plat == 'openbsd3': #BSD (confirmed) - def device(port): - return '/dev/ttyp%d' % port - -elif plat[:3] == 'bsd' or \ - plat[:7] == 'freebsd' or \ - plat[:7] == 'openbsd' or \ - plat[:6] == 'darwin': #BSD (confirmed for freebsd4: cuaa%d) - def device(port): - return '/dev/cuad%d' % port - -elif plat[:6] == 'netbsd': #NetBSD 1.6 testing by Erk - def device(port): - return '/dev/dty%02d' % port - -elif plat[:4] == 'irix': #IRIX (partialy tested) - def device(port): - return '/dev/ttyf%d' % (port+1) #XXX different device names depending on flow control - -elif plat[:2] == 'hp': #HP-UX (not tested) - def device(port): - return '/dev/tty%dp0' % (port+1) - -elif plat[:5] == 'sunos': #Solaris/SunOS (confirmed) - def device(port): - return '/dev/tty%c' % (ord('a')+port) - -elif plat[:3] == 'aix': #aix - def device(port): - return '/dev/tty%d' % (port) - -else: - #platform detection has failed... - print """don't know how to number ttys on this system. -! Use an explicit path (eg /dev/ttyS1) or send this information to -! the author of this module: - -sys.platform = %r -os.name = %r -serialposix.py version = %s - -also add the device name of the serial port and where the -counting starts for the first serial port. -e.g. 'first serial port: /dev/ttyS0' -and with a bit luck you can get this module running... -""" % (sys.platform, os.name, VERSION) - #no exception, just continue with a brave attempt to build a device name - #even if the device name is not correct for the platform it has chances - #to work using a string with the real device name as port paramter. - def device(portum): - return '/dev/ttyS%d' % portnum - #~ raise Exception, "this module does not run on this platform, sorry." - -#whats up with "aix", "beos", .... -#they should work, just need to know the device names. - - -#load some constants for later use. -#try to use values from TERMIOS, use defaults from linux otherwise -TIOCMGET = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCMGET') and TERMIOS.TIOCMGET or 0x5415 -TIOCMBIS = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCMBIS') and TERMIOS.TIOCMBIS or 0x5416 -TIOCMBIC = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCMBIC') and TERMIOS.TIOCMBIC or 0x5417 -TIOCMSET = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCMSET') and TERMIOS.TIOCMSET or 0x5418 - -#TIOCM_LE = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCM_LE') and TERMIOS.TIOCM_LE or 0x001 -TIOCM_DTR = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCM_DTR') and TERMIOS.TIOCM_DTR or 0x002 -TIOCM_RTS = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCM_RTS') and TERMIOS.TIOCM_RTS or 0x004 -#TIOCM_ST = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCM_ST') and TERMIOS.TIOCM_ST or 0x008 -#TIOCM_SR = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCM_SR') and TERMIOS.TIOCM_SR or 0x010 - -TIOCM_CTS = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCM_CTS') and TERMIOS.TIOCM_CTS or 0x020 -TIOCM_CAR = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCM_CAR') and TERMIOS.TIOCM_CAR or 0x040 -TIOCM_RNG = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCM_RNG') and TERMIOS.TIOCM_RNG or 0x080 -TIOCM_DSR = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCM_DSR') and TERMIOS.TIOCM_DSR or 0x100 -TIOCM_CD = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCM_CD') and TERMIOS.TIOCM_CD or TIOCM_CAR -TIOCM_RI = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCM_RI') and TERMIOS.TIOCM_RI or TIOCM_RNG -#TIOCM_OUT1 = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCM_OUT1') and TERMIOS.TIOCM_OUT1 or 0x2000 -#TIOCM_OUT2 = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCM_OUT2') and TERMIOS.TIOCM_OUT2 or 0x4000 -TIOCINQ = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'FIONREAD') and TERMIOS.FIONREAD or 0x541B - -TIOCM_zero_str = struct.pack('I', 0) -TIOCM_RTS_str = struct.pack('I', TIOCM_RTS) -TIOCM_DTR_str = struct.pack('I', TIOCM_DTR) - -TIOCSBRK = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCSBRK') and TERMIOS.TIOCSBRK or 0x5427 -TIOCCBRK = hasattr(TERMIOS, 'TIOCCBRK') and TERMIOS.TIOCCBRK or 0x5428 - -ASYNC_SPD_MASK = 0x1030 -ASYNC_SPD_CUST = 0x0030 - -baudrate_constants = { - 0: 0000000, # hang up - 50: 0000001, - 75: 0000002, - 110: 0000003, - 134: 0000004, - 150: 0000005, - 200: 0000006, - 300: 0000007, - 600: 0000010, - 1200: 0000011, - 1800: 0000012, - 2400: 0000013, - 4800: 0000014, - 9600: 0000015, - 19200: 0000016, - 38400: 0000017, - 57600: 0010001, - 115200: 0010002, - 230400: 0010003, - 460800: 0010004, - 500000: 0010005, - 576000: 0010006, - 921600: 0010007, - 1000000: 0010010, - 1152000: 0010011, - 1500000: 0010012, - 2000000: 0010013, - 2500000: 0010014, - 3000000: 0010015, - 3500000: 0010016, - 4000000: 0010017 -} - - -class Serial(SerialBase): - """Serial port class POSIX implementation. Serial port configuration is - done with termios and fcntl. Runs on Linux and many other Un*x like - systems.""" - - def open(self): - """Open port with current settings. This may throw a SerialException - if the port cannot be opened.""" - if self._port is None: - raise SerialException("Port must be configured before it can be used.") - self.fd = None - #open - try: - self.fd = os.open(self.portstr, os.O_RDWR|os.O_NOCTTY|os.O_NONBLOCK) - except Exception, msg: - self.fd = None - raise SerialException("could not open port %s: %s" % (self._port, msg)) - #~ fcntl.fcntl(self.fd, FCNTL.F_SETFL, 0) #set blocking - - try: - self._reconfigurePort() - except: - os.close(self.fd) - self.fd = None - else: - self._isOpen = True - #~ self.flushInput() - - - def _reconfigurePort(self): - """Set communication parameters on opened port.""" - if self.fd is None: - raise SerialException("Can only operate on a valid port handle") - custom_baud = None - - vmin = vtime = 0 #timeout is done via select - if self._interCharTimeout is not None: - vmin = 1 - vtime = int(self._interCharTimeout * 10) - try: - iflag, oflag, cflag, lflag, ispeed, ospeed, cc = termios.tcgetattr(self.fd) - except termios.error, msg: #if a port is nonexistent but has a /dev file, it'll fail here - raise SerialException("Could not configure port: %s" % msg) - #set up raw mode / no echo / binary - cflag |= (TERMIOS.CLOCAL|TERMIOS.CREAD) - lflag &= ~(TERMIOS.ICANON|TERMIOS.ECHO|TERMIOS.ECHOE|TERMIOS.ECHOK|TERMIOS.ECHONL| - TERMIOS.ISIG|TERMIOS.IEXTEN) #|TERMIOS.ECHOPRT - for flag in ('ECHOCTL', 'ECHOKE'): #netbsd workaround for Erk - if hasattr(TERMIOS, flag): - lflag &= ~getattr(TERMIOS, flag) - - oflag &= ~(TERMIOS.OPOST) - iflag &= ~(TERMIOS.INLCR|TERMIOS.IGNCR|TERMIOS.ICRNL|TERMIOS.IGNBRK) - if hasattr(TERMIOS, 'IUCLC'): - iflag &= ~TERMIOS.IUCLC - if hasattr(TERMIOS, 'PARMRK'): - iflag &= ~TERMIOS.PARMRK - - #setup baudrate - try: - ispeed = ospeed = getattr(TERMIOS,'B%s' % (self._baudrate)) - except AttributeError: - try: - ispeed = ospeed = baudrate_constants[self._baudrate] - except KeyError: - #~ raise ValueError('Invalid baud rate: %r' % self._baudrate) - # may need custom baud rate, it isnt in our list. - ispeed = ospeed = getattr(TERMIOS, 'B38400') - custom_baud = int(self._baudrate) # store for later - - #setup char len - cflag &= ~TERMIOS.CSIZE - if self._bytesize == 8: - cflag |= TERMIOS.CS8 - elif self._bytesize == 7: - cflag |= TERMIOS.CS7 - elif self._bytesize == 6: - cflag |= TERMIOS.CS6 - elif self._bytesize == 5: - cflag |= TERMIOS.CS5 - else: - raise ValueError('Invalid char len: %r' % self._bytesize) - #setup stopbits - if self._stopbits == STOPBITS_ONE: - cflag &= ~(TERMIOS.CSTOPB) - elif self._stopbits == STOPBITS_TWO: - cflag |= (TERMIOS.CSTOPB) - else: - raise ValueError('Invalid stopit specification: %r' % self._stopbits) - #setup parity - iflag &= ~(TERMIOS.INPCK|TERMIOS.ISTRIP) - if self._parity == PARITY_NONE: - cflag &= ~(TERMIOS.PARENB|TERMIOS.PARODD) - elif self._parity == PARITY_EVEN: - cflag &= ~(TERMIOS.PARODD) - cflag |= (TERMIOS.PARENB) - elif self._parity == PARITY_ODD: - cflag |= (TERMIOS.PARENB|TERMIOS.PARODD) - else: - raise ValueError('Invalid parity: %r' % self._parity) - #setup flow control - #xonxoff - if hasattr(TERMIOS, 'IXANY'): - if self._xonxoff: - iflag |= (TERMIOS.IXON|TERMIOS.IXOFF) #|TERMIOS.IXANY) - else: - iflag &= ~(TERMIOS.IXON|TERMIOS.IXOFF|TERMIOS.IXANY) - else: - if self._xonxoff: - iflag |= (TERMIOS.IXON|TERMIOS.IXOFF) - else: - iflag &= ~(TERMIOS.IXON|TERMIOS.IXOFF) - #rtscts - if hasattr(TERMIOS, 'CRTSCTS'): - if self._rtscts: - cflag |= (TERMIOS.CRTSCTS) - else: - cflag &= ~(TERMIOS.CRTSCTS) - elif hasattr(TERMIOS, 'CNEW_RTSCTS'): #try it with alternate constant name - if self._rtscts: - cflag |= (TERMIOS.CNEW_RTSCTS) - else: - cflag &= ~(TERMIOS.CNEW_RTSCTS) - #XXX should there be a warning if setting up rtscts (and xonxoff etc) fails?? - - #buffer - #vmin "minimal number of characters to be read. = for non blocking" - if vmin < 0 or vmin > 255: - raise ValueError('Invalid vmin: %r ' % vmin) - cc[TERMIOS.VMIN] = vmin - #vtime - if vtime < 0 or vtime > 255: - raise ValueError('Invalid vtime: %r' % vtime) - cc[TERMIOS.VTIME] = vtime - #activate settings - termios.tcsetattr(self.fd, TERMIOS.TCSANOW, [iflag, oflag, cflag, lflag, ispeed, ospeed, cc]) - - # apply custom baud rate, if any - if custom_baud is not None: - import array - buf = array.array('i', [0] * 32) - - # get serial_struct - FCNTL.ioctl(self.fd, TERMIOS.TIOCGSERIAL, buf) - - # set custom divisor - buf[6] = buf[7] / custom_baud - - # update flags - buf[4] &= ~ASYNC_SPD_MASK - buf[4] |= ASYNC_SPD_CUST - - # set serial_struct - try: - res = FCNTL.ioctl(self.fd, TERMIOS.TIOCSSERIAL, buf) - except IOError: - raise ValueError('Failed to set custom baud rate: %r' % self._baudrate) - - def close(self): - """Close port""" - if self._isOpen: - if self.fd is not None: - os.close(self.fd) - self.fd = None - self._isOpen = False - - def makeDeviceName(self, port): - return device(port) - - # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - def inWaiting(self): - """Return the number of characters currently in the input buffer.""" - #~ s = fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, TERMIOS.FIONREAD, TIOCM_zero_str) - s = fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, TIOCINQ, TIOCM_zero_str) - return struct.unpack('I',s)[0] - - def read(self, size=1): - """Read size bytes from the serial port. If a timeout is set it may - return less characters as requested. With no timeout it will block - until the requested number of bytes is read.""" - if self.fd is None: raise portNotOpenError - read = '' - inp = None - if size > 0: - while len(read) < size: - #print "\tread(): size",size, "have", len(read) #debug - ready,_,_ = select.select([self.fd],[],[], self._timeout) - if not ready: - break #timeout - buf = os.read(self.fd, size-len(read)) - read = read + buf - if (self._timeout >= 0 or self._interCharTimeout > 0) and not buf: - break #early abort on timeout - return read - - def write(self, data): - """Output the given string over the serial port.""" - if self.fd is None: raise portNotOpenError - if not isinstance(data, str): - raise TypeError('expected str, got %s' % type(data)) - t = len(data) - d = data - while t > 0: - try: - if self._writeTimeout is not None and self._writeTimeout > 0: - _,ready,_ = select.select([],[self.fd],[], self._writeTimeout) - if not ready: - raise writeTimeoutError - n = os.write(self.fd, d) - if self._writeTimeout is not None and self._writeTimeout > 0: - _,ready,_ = select.select([],[self.fd],[], self._writeTimeout) - if not ready: - raise writeTimeoutError - d = d[n:] - t = t - n - except OSError,v: - if v.errno != errno.EAGAIN: - raise - - def flush(self): - """Flush of file like objects. In this case, wait until all data - is written.""" - self.drainOutput() - - def flushInput(self): - """Clear input buffer, discarding all that is in the buffer.""" - if self.fd is None: - raise portNotOpenError - termios.tcflush(self.fd, TERMIOS.TCIFLUSH) - - def flushOutput(self): - """Clear output buffer, aborting the current output and - discarding all that is in the buffer.""" - if self.fd is None: - raise portNotOpenError - termios.tcflush(self.fd, TERMIOS.TCOFLUSH) - - def sendBreak(self, duration=0.25): - """Send break condition. Timed, returns to idle state after given duration.""" - if self.fd is None: - raise portNotOpenError - termios.tcsendbreak(self.fd, int(duration/0.25)) - - def setBreak(self, level=1): - """Set break: Controls TXD. When active, to transmitting is possible.""" - if self.fd is None: raise portNotOpenError - if level: - fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, TIOCSBRK) - else: - fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, TIOCCBRK) - - def setRTS(self, level=1): - """Set terminal status line: Request To Send""" - if self.fd is None: raise portNotOpenError - if level: - fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, TIOCMBIS, TIOCM_RTS_str) - else: - fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, TIOCMBIC, TIOCM_RTS_str) - - def setDTR(self, level=1): - """Set terminal status line: Data Terminal Ready""" - if self.fd is None: raise portNotOpenError - if level: - fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, TIOCMBIS, TIOCM_DTR_str) - else: - fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, TIOCMBIC, TIOCM_DTR_str) - - def getCTS(self): - """Read terminal status line: Clear To Send""" - if self.fd is None: raise portNotOpenError - s = fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, TIOCMGET, TIOCM_zero_str) - return struct.unpack('I',s)[0] & TIOCM_CTS != 0 - - def getDSR(self): - """Read terminal status line: Data Set Ready""" - if self.fd is None: raise portNotOpenError - s = fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, TIOCMGET, TIOCM_zero_str) - return struct.unpack('I',s)[0] & TIOCM_DSR != 0 - - def getRI(self): - """Read terminal status line: Ring Indicator""" - if self.fd is None: raise portNotOpenError - s = fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, TIOCMGET, TIOCM_zero_str) - return struct.unpack('I',s)[0] & TIOCM_RI != 0 - - def getCD(self): - """Read terminal status line: Carrier Detect""" - if self.fd is None: raise portNotOpenError - s = fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, TIOCMGET, TIOCM_zero_str) - return struct.unpack('I',s)[0] & TIOCM_CD != 0 - - # - - platform specific - - - - - - def drainOutput(self): - """internal - not portable!""" - if self.fd is None: raise portNotOpenError - termios.tcdrain(self.fd) - - def nonblocking(self): - """internal - not portable!""" - if self.fd is None: - raise portNotOpenError - fcntl.fcntl(self.fd, FCNTL.F_SETFL, FCNTL.O_NONBLOCK) - - def fileno(self): - """For easier of the serial port instance with select. - WARNING: this function is not portable to different platforms!""" - if self.fd is None: raise portNotOpenError - return self.fd - -if __name__ == '__main__': - s = Serial(0, - baudrate=19200, #baudrate - bytesize=EIGHTBITS, #number of databits - parity=PARITY_EVEN, #enable parity checking - stopbits=STOPBITS_ONE, #number of stopbits - timeout=3, #set a timeout value, None for waiting forever - xonxoff=0, #enable software flow control - rtscts=0, #enable RTS/CTS flow control - ) - s.setRTS(1) - s.setDTR(1) - s.flushInput() - s.flushOutput() - s.write('hello') - print repr(s.read(5)) - print s.inWaiting() - del s - diff --git a/devices/serial/serialutil.py b/devices/serial/serialutil.py deleted file mode 100644 index fd466f2..0000000 --- a/devices/serial/serialutil.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,400 +0,0 @@ -#! python -# Python Serial Port Extension for Win32, Linux, BSD, Jython -# see __init__.py -# -# (C) 2001-2008 Chris Liechti <cliechti@gmx.net> -# this is distributed under a free software license, see license.txt - -PARITY_NONE, PARITY_EVEN, PARITY_ODD, PARITY_MARK, PARITY_SPACE = 'N', 'E', 'O', 'M', 'S' -STOPBITS_ONE, STOPBITS_TWO = (1, 2) -FIVEBITS, SIXBITS, SEVENBITS, EIGHTBITS = (5,6,7,8) - -PARITY_NAMES = { - PARITY_NONE: 'None', - PARITY_EVEN: 'Even', - PARITY_ODD: 'Odd', - PARITY_MARK: 'Mark', - PARITY_SPACE:'Space', -} - -XON = chr(17) -XOFF = chr(19) - -#Python < 2.2.3 compatibility -try: - True -except: - True = 1 - False = not True - -class SerialException(Exception): - """Base class for serial port related exceptions.""" - -portNotOpenError = SerialException('Port not open') - -class SerialTimeoutException(SerialException): - """Write timeouts give an exception""" - -writeTimeoutError = SerialTimeoutException("Write timeout") - -class FileLike(object): - """An abstract file like class. - - This class implements readline and readlines based on read and - writelines based on write. - This class is used to provide the above functions for to Serial - port objects. - - Note that when the serial port was opened with _NO_ timeout that - readline blocks until it sees a newline (or the specified size is - reached) and that readlines would never return and therefore - refuses to work (it raises an exception in this case)! - """ - - def read(self, size): raise NotImplementedError - def write(self, s): raise NotImplementedError - - def readline(self, size=None, eol='\n'): - """read a line which is terminated with end-of-line (eol) character - ('\n' by default) or until timeout""" - line = '' - while 1: - c = self.read(1) - if c: - line += c #not very efficient but lines are usually not that long - if c == eol: - break - if size is not None and len(line) >= size: - break - else: - break - return line - - def readlines(self, sizehint=None, eol='\n'): - """read a list of lines, until timeout - sizehint is ignored""" - if self.timeout is None: - raise ValueError, "Serial port MUST have enabled timeout for this function!" - lines = [] - while 1: - line = self.readline(eol=eol) - if line: - lines.append(line) - if line[-1] != eol: #was the line received with a timeout? - break - else: - break - return lines - - def xreadlines(self, sizehint=None): - """just call readlines - here for compatibility""" - return self.readlines() - - def writelines(self, sequence): - for line in sequence: - self.write(line) - - def flush(self): - """flush of file like objects""" - pass - - # iterator for e.g. "for line in Serial(0): ..." usage - def next(self): - line = self.readline() - if not line: raise StopIteration - return line - - def __iter__(self): - return self - - -class SerialBase(FileLike): - """Serial port base class. Provides __init__ function and properties to - get/set port settings.""" - - #default values, may be overriden in subclasses that do not support all values - BAUDRATES = (50,75,110,134,150,200,300,600,1200,1800,2400,4800,9600, - 19200,38400,57600,115200,230400,460800,500000,576000,921600, - 1000000,1152000,1500000,2000000,2500000,3000000,3500000,4000000) - BYTESIZES = (FIVEBITS, SIXBITS, SEVENBITS, EIGHTBITS) - PARITIES = (PARITY_NONE, PARITY_EVEN, PARITY_ODD) - STOPBITS = (STOPBITS_ONE, STOPBITS_TWO) - - def __init__(self, - port = None, #number of device, numbering starts at - #zero. if everything fails, the user - #can specify a device string, note - #that this isn't portable anymore - #port will be opened if one is specified - baudrate=9600, #baudrate - bytesize=EIGHTBITS, #number of databits - parity=PARITY_NONE, #enable parity checking - stopbits=STOPBITS_ONE, #number of stopbits - timeout=None, #set a timeout value, None to wait forever - xonxoff=0, #enable software flow control - rtscts=0, #enable RTS/CTS flow control - writeTimeout=None, #set a timeout for writes - dsrdtr=None, #None: use rtscts setting, dsrdtr override if true or false - interCharTimeout=None #Inter-character timeout, None to disable - ): - """Initialize comm port object. If a port is given, then the port will be - opened immediately. Otherwise a Serial port object in closed state - is returned.""" - - self._isOpen = False - self._port = None #correct value is assigned below trough properties - self._baudrate = None #correct value is assigned below trough properties - self._bytesize = None #correct value is assigned below trough properties - self._parity = None #correct value is assigned below trough properties - self._stopbits = None #correct value is assigned below trough properties - self._timeout = None #correct value is assigned below trough properties - self._writeTimeout = None #correct value is assigned below trough properties - self._xonxoff = None #correct value is assigned below trough properties - self._rtscts = None #correct value is assigned below trough properties - self._dsrdtr = None #correct value is assigned below trough properties - self._interCharTimeout = None #correct value is assigned below trough properties - - #assign values using get/set methods using the properties feature - self.port = port - self.baudrate = baudrate - self.bytesize = bytesize - self.parity = parity - self.stopbits = stopbits - self.timeout = timeout - self.writeTimeout = writeTimeout - self.xonxoff = xonxoff - self.rtscts = rtscts - self.dsrdtr = dsrdtr - self.interCharTimeout = interCharTimeout - - if port is not None: - self.open() - - def isOpen(self): - """Check if the port is opened.""" - return self._isOpen - - # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #TODO: these are not realy needed as the is the BAUDRATES etc attribute... - #maybe i remove them before the final release... - - def getSupportedBaudrates(self): - return [(str(b), b) for b in self.BAUDRATES] - - def getSupportedByteSizes(self): - return [(str(b), b) for b in self.BYTESIZES] - - def getSupportedStopbits(self): - return [(str(b), b) for b in self.STOPBITS] - - def getSupportedParities(self): - return [(PARITY_NAMES[b], b) for b in self.PARITIES] - - # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - def setPort(self, port): - """Change the port. The attribute portstr is set to a string that - contains the name of the port.""" - - was_open = self._isOpen - if was_open: self.close() - if port is not None: - if type(port) in [type(''), type(u'')]: #strings are taken directly - self.portstr = port - else: - self.portstr = self.makeDeviceName(port) - else: - self.portstr = None - self._port = port - if was_open: self.open() - - def getPort(self): - """Get the current port setting. The value that was passed on init or using - setPort() is passed back. See also the attribute portstr which contains - the name of the port as a string.""" - return self._port - - port = property(getPort, setPort, doc="Port setting") - - - def setBaudrate(self, baudrate): - """Change baudrate. It raises a ValueError if the port is open and the - baudrate is not possible. If the port is closed, then tha value is - accepted and the exception is raised when the port is opened.""" - #~ if baudrate not in self.BAUDRATES: raise ValueError("Not a valid baudrate: %r" % baudrate) - try: - self._baudrate = int(baudrate) - except TypeError: - raise ValueError("Not a valid baudrate: %r" % (baudrate,)) - else: - if self._isOpen: self._reconfigurePort() - - def getBaudrate(self): - """Get the current baudrate setting.""" - return self._baudrate - - baudrate = property(getBaudrate, setBaudrate, doc="Baudrate setting") - - - def setByteSize(self, bytesize): - """Change byte size.""" - if bytesize not in self.BYTESIZES: raise ValueError("Not a valid byte size: %r" % (bytesize,)) - self._bytesize = bytesize - if self._isOpen: self._reconfigurePort() - - def getByteSize(self): - """Get the current byte size setting.""" - return self._bytesize - - bytesize = property(getByteSize, setByteSize, doc="Byte size setting") - - - def setParity(self, parity): - """Change parity setting.""" - if parity not in self.PARITIES: raise ValueError("Not a valid parity: %r" % (parity,)) - self._parity = parity - if self._isOpen: self._reconfigurePort() - - def getParity(self): - """Get the current parity setting.""" - return self._parity - - parity = property(getParity, setParity, doc="Parity setting") - - - def setStopbits(self, stopbits): - """Change stopbits size.""" - if stopbits not in self.STOPBITS: raise ValueError("Not a valid stopbit size: %r" % (stopbits,)) - self._stopbits = stopbits - if self._isOpen: self._reconfigurePort() - - def getStopbits(self): - """Get the current stopbits setting.""" - return self._stopbits - - stopbits = property(getStopbits, setStopbits, doc="Stopbits setting") - - - def setTimeout(self, timeout): - """Change timeout setting.""" - if timeout is not None: - if timeout < 0: raise ValueError("Not a valid timeout: %r" % (timeout,)) - try: - timeout + 1 #test if it's a number, will throw a TypeError if not... - except TypeError: - raise ValueError("Not a valid timeout: %r" % (timeout,)) - - self._timeout = timeout - if self._isOpen: self._reconfigurePort() - - def getTimeout(self): - """Get the current timeout setting.""" - return self._timeout - - timeout = property(getTimeout, setTimeout, doc="Timeout setting for read()") - - - def setWriteTimeout(self, timeout): - """Change timeout setting.""" - if timeout is not None: - if timeout < 0: raise ValueError("Not a valid timeout: %r" % (timeout,)) - try: - timeout + 1 #test if it's a number, will throw a TypeError if not... - except TypeError: - raise ValueError("Not a valid timeout: %r" % timeout) - - self._writeTimeout = timeout - if self._isOpen: self._reconfigurePort() - - def getWriteTimeout(self): - """Get the current timeout setting.""" - return self._writeTimeout - - writeTimeout = property(getWriteTimeout, setWriteTimeout, doc="Timeout setting for write()") - - - def setXonXoff(self, xonxoff): - """Change XonXoff setting.""" - self._xonxoff = xonxoff - if self._isOpen: self._reconfigurePort() - - def getXonXoff(self): - """Get the current XonXoff setting.""" - return self._xonxoff - - xonxoff = property(getXonXoff, setXonXoff, doc="Xon/Xoff setting") - - def setRtsCts(self, rtscts): - """Change RtsCts flow control setting.""" - self._rtscts = rtscts - if self._isOpen: self._reconfigurePort() - - def getRtsCts(self): - """Get the current RtsCts flow control setting.""" - return self._rtscts - - rtscts = property(getRtsCts, setRtsCts, doc="RTS/CTS flow control setting") - - def setDsrDtr(self, dsrdtr=None): - """Change DsrDtr flow control setting.""" - if dsrdtr is None: - #if not set, keep backwards compatibility and follow rtscts setting - self._dsrdtr = self._rtscts - else: - #if defined independently, follow its value - self._dsrdtr = dsrdtr - if self._isOpen: self._reconfigurePort() - - def getDsrDtr(self): - """Get the current DsrDtr flow control setting.""" - return self._dsrdtr - - dsrdtr = property(getDsrDtr, setDsrDtr, "DSR/DTR flow control setting") - - def setInterCharTimeout(self, interCharTimeout): - """Change inter-character timeout setting.""" - if interCharTimeout is not None: - if interCharTimeout < 0: raise ValueError("Not a valid timeout: %r" % interCharTimeout) - try: - interCharTimeout + 1 #test if it's a number, will throw a TypeError if not... - except TypeError: - raise ValueError("Not a valid timeout: %r" % interCharTimeout) - - self._interCharTimeout = interCharTimeout - if self._isOpen: self._reconfigurePort() - - def getInterCharTimeout(self): - """Get the current inter-character timeout setting.""" - return self._interCharTimeout - - interCharTimeout = property(getInterCharTimeout, setInterCharTimeout, doc="Inter-character timeout setting for read()") - - - # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - def __repr__(self): - """String representation of the current port settings and its state.""" - return "%s<id=0x%x, open=%s>(port=%r, baudrate=%r, bytesize=%r, parity=%r, stopbits=%r, timeout=%r, xonxoff=%r, rtscts=%r, dsrdtr=%r)" % ( - self.__class__.__name__, - id(self), - self._isOpen, - self.portstr, - self.baudrate, - self.bytesize, - self.parity, - self.stopbits, - self.timeout, - self.xonxoff, - self.rtscts, - self.dsrdtr, - ) - -if __name__ == '__main__': - s = SerialBase() - print s.portstr - print s.getSupportedBaudrates() - print s.getSupportedByteSizes() - print s.getSupportedParities() - print s.getSupportedStopbits() - print s diff --git a/devices/tis2000.py b/devices/tis2000.py deleted file mode 100644 index 91d1991..0000000 --- a/devices/tis2000.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,252 +0,0 @@ -from device import RFIDDevice -from serial import Serial -import dbus -from dbus.mainloop.glib import DBusGMainLoop -import gobject -import re -from time import sleep - -HAL_SERVICE = 'org.freedesktop.Hal' -HAL_MGR_PATH = '/org/freedesktop/Hal/Manager' -HAL_MGR_IFACE = 'org.freedesktop.Hal.Manager' -HAL_DEV_IFACE = 'org.freedesktop.Hal.Device' -REGEXP_SERUSB = '\/org\/freedesktop\/Hal\/devices\/usb_device['\ - 'a-z,A-Z,0-9,_]*serial_usb_[0-9]' - -STATE_WAITING = 0 -STATE_WAITING2 = 1 -STATE_READING = 2 - -class RFIDReader(RFIDDevice): - """ - TIS-2000 interface. - """ - - def __init__(self): - - RFIDDevice.__init__(self) - self.last_tag = "" - self.ser = Serial() - self.device = '' - self.device_path = '' - self._connected = False - self._state = STATE_WAITING - - loop = DBusGMainLoop() - self.bus = dbus.SystemBus(mainloop=loop) - hmgr_iface = dbus.Interface(self.bus.get_object(HAL_SERVICE, - HAL_MGR_PATH), HAL_MGR_IFACE) - - hmgr_iface.connect_to_signal('DeviceRemoved', self._device_removed_cb) - - def get_present(self): - """ - Checks if TI-S2000 device is present. - Returns True if so, False otherwise. - """ - hmgr_if = dbus.Interface(self.bus.get_object(HAL_SERVICE, HAL_MGR_PATH), - HAL_MGR_IFACE) - tiusb_devices = set(hmgr_if.FindDeviceStringMatch('serial.type', - 'usb')) & set(hmgr_if.FindDeviceStringMatch( - 'info.product', 'TUSB3410 Microcontroller')) - for i in tiusb_devices: - tiusb_if = dbus.Interface(self.bus.get_object(HAL_SERVICE, i), - HAL_DEV_IFACE) - if tiusb_if.PropertyExists('linux.device_file'): - self.device = str(tiusb_if.GetProperty('linux.device_file')) - self.device_path = i - return True - return False - - def do_connect(self): - """ - Connects to the device. - Returns True if successfull, False otherwise. - """ - retval = False - if self.get_present(): - try: - self.ser = Serial(self.device, 9600, timeout=0.1) - self._connected = True - self._escape() - self._clear() - self._format() - gobject.idle_add(self._loop) - retval = True - except: - self._connected = False - return retval - - def do_disconnect(self): - """ - Disconnect from the device. - """ - self.ser.close() - self._connected = False - - def read_tag(self): - """ - Returns the last read value. - """ - return self.last_tag - - def write_tag(self, hexval): - """ - Usage: write_tag(hexval) - - Writes the hexadecimal string "hexval" into the tag. - Returns True if successfull, False otherwise. - """ - #self.ser.flushInput() - reg = re.compile('([^0-9A-F]+)') - if not (hexval.__len__() == 16 and reg.findall(hexval) == []): - return False - self.ser.read(100) - self.ser.write('P') - for i in hexval: - self.ser.write(i) - sleep(1) - resp = self.ser.read(64) - resp = resp.split()[0] - if resp == "P0": - return True - else: - return False - - def _escape(self): - """ - Sends the scape command to the TIS-2000 device. - """ - try: - #self.ser.flushInput() - self.ser.read(100) - self.ser.write('\x1B') - resp = self.ser.read() - if resp == 'E': - return True - else: - return False - except: - return False - - def _format(self): - """ - Sends the format command to the TIS-2000 device. - """ - try: - #self.ser.flushInput() - self.ser.read(100) - self.ser.write('F') - resp = self.ser.read() - if resp == 'F': - return True - else: - return False - except: - return False - - def _clear(self): - """ - Sends the clear command to the TIS-2000 device. - """ - try: - #self.ser.flushInput() - self.ser.read(100) - self.ser.write('C') - resp = self.ser.read() - if resp == 'C': - return True - else: - return False - except: - return False - - def get_version(self): - """ - Sends the version command to the TIS-2000 device and returns - a string with the device version. - """ - #self.ser.flushInput() - self.ser.read(100) - self.ser.write('V') - version = [] - tver = "" - while 1: - resp = self.ser.read() - if resp == '\x0A' or resp == '': - break - if resp != '\n' and resp != '\r': - version.append(resp) - for i in version: - tver = tver + i - if tver != "": - return tver - return "Unknown" - - def _device_removed_cb(self, path): - """ - Called when a device is removed. - Checks if the removed device is itself and emits the "disconnected" - signal if so. - """ - if path == self.device_path: - self.device_path = '' - self.ser.close() - self._connected = False - self.emit("disconnected","TIS-2000") - - def _loop(self): - """ - Threaded loop for reading data sent from the TIS-2000. - """ - if not self._connected: - return False - - if self._state is STATE_WAITING: - data = self.ser.read() - if data in ['W', 'R']: - self._state = STATE_WAITING2 - return True - - elif self._state is STATE_WAITING2: - data = self.ser.read() - if data.isspace(): - self._state = STATE_READING - else: - self._clear() - self._state = STATE_WAITING - return True - - elif self._state is STATE_READING: - data = self.ser.read(16) - if data.__len__() < 16: - self._clear() - self._state = STATE_WAITING - else: - reg = re.compile('([^0-9A-F]+)') - if reg.findall(data) == []: - self.emit("tag-read", data) - self.last_tag = data - self._clear() - self._state = STATE_WAITING - return True - return True - -# Testing -#if __name__ == '__main__': -# def handler(device, idhex): -# """ -# Handler for "tag-read" signal. -# Prints the tag id. -# """ -# print "ID: ", idhex -# -# dev = RFIDReader() -# if dev.get_present(): -# dev.do_connect() -# dev.connect('tag-read', handler) -# else: -# print "Not connected" -# -# mloop = gobject.MainLoop() -# mloop.run() diff --git a/devices/utils.py b/devices/utils.py deleted file mode 100644 index 94e5540..0000000 --- a/devices/utils.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,98 +0,0 @@ -# utils.py - Helper functions for tis2000.py -# Copyright (C) 2010 Emiliano Pastorino <epastorino@plan.ceibal.edu.uy> -# -# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -# (at your option) any later version. -# -# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -# GNU General Public License for more details. -# -# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. - -def strhex2bin(strhex): - """ - Convert a string representing an hex value into a - string representing the same value in binary format. - """ - dic = { '0':"0000", - '1':"0001", - '2':"0010", - '3':"0011", - '4':"0100", - '5':"0101", - '6':"0110", - '7':"0111", - '8':"1000", - '9':"1001", - 'A':"1010", - 'B':"1011", - 'C':"1100", - 'D':"1101", - 'E':"1110", - 'F':"1111" - } - binstr = "" - for i in strhex: - binstr = binstr + dic[i.upper()] - return binstr - -def strbin2dec(strbin): - """ - Convert a string representing a binary value into a - string representing the same value in decimal format. - """ - strdec = "0" - for i in range(1, strbin.__len__()+1): - strdec = str(int(strdec)+int(strbin[-i])*int(pow(2, i-1))) - return strdec - -def dec2bin(ndec): - """ - Convert a decimal number into a string representing - the same value in binary format. - """ - if ndec < 1: - return "0" - binary = [] - while ndec != 0: - binary.append(ndec%2) - ndec = ndec/2 - strbin = "" - binary.reverse() - for i in binary: - strbin = strbin+str(i) - return strbin - -def bin2hex(strbin): - """ - Convert a string representing a binary number into a string - representing the same value in hexadecimal format. - """ - dic = { "0000":"0", - "0001":"1", - "0010":"2", - "0011":"3", - "0100":"4", - "0101":"5", - "0110":"6", - "0111":"7", - "1000":"8", - "1001":"9", - "1010":"A", - "1011":"B", - "1100":"C", - "1101":"D", - "1110":"E", - "1111":"F" - } - while strbin.__len__()%4 != 0: - strbin = '0' + strbin - strh = "" - for i in range(0, strbin.__len__()/4): - strh = strh + dic[str(strbin[i*4:i*4+4])] - return strh |