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diff --git a/vim73/doc/digraph.txt b/vim73/doc/digraph.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9faecee --- /dev/null +++ b/vim73/doc/digraph.txt @@ -0,0 +1,350 @@ +*digraph.txt* For Vim version 7.3. Last change: 2010 Apr 11 + + + VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar + + +Digraphs *digraph* *digraphs* *Digraphs* + +Digraphs are used to enter characters that normally cannot be entered by +an ordinary keyboard. These are mostly printable non-ASCII characters. The +digraphs are easier to remember than the decimal number that can be entered +with CTRL-V (see |i_CTRL-V|). + +There is a brief introduction on digraphs in the user manual: |24.9| +An alternative is using the 'keymap' option. + +1. Defining digraphs |digraphs-define| +2. Using digraphs |digraphs-use| +3. Default digraphs |digraphs-default| + +{Vi does not have any of these commands} + +============================================================================== +1. Defining digraphs *digraphs-define* + + *:dig* *:digraphs* +:dig[raphs] show currently defined digraphs. + *E104* *E39* +:dig[raphs] {char1}{char2} {number} ... + Add digraph {char1}{char2} to the list. {number} is + the decimal representation of the character. Normally + it is the Unicode character, see |digraph-encoding|. + Example: > + :digr e: 235 a: 228 +< Avoid defining a digraph with '_' (underscore) as the + first character, it has a special meaning in the + future. + +Vim is normally compiled with the |+digraphs| feature. If the feature is +disabled, the ":digraph" command will display an error message. + +Example of the output of ":digraphs": > + TH Þ 222 ss ß 223 a! à 224 a' á 225 a> â 226 a? ã 227 a: ä 228 + +The first two characters in each column are the characters you have to type to +enter the digraph. + +In the middle of each column is the resulting character. This may be mangled +if you look at it on a system that does not support digraphs or if you print +this file. + + *digraph-encoding* +The decimal number normally is the Unicode number of the character. Note that +the meaning doesn't change when 'encoding' changes. The character will be +converted from Unicode to 'encoding' when needed. This does require the +conversion to be available, it might fail. For the NUL character you will see +"10". That's because NUL characters are internally represented with a NL +character. When you write the file it will become a NUL character. + +When Vim was compiled without the |+multi_byte| feature, you need to specify +the character in the encoding given with 'encoding'. You might want to use +something like this: > + + if has("multi_byte") + digraph oe 339 + elseif &encoding == "iso-8859-15" + digraph oe 189 + endif + +This defines the "oe" digraph for a character that is number 339 in Unicode +and 189 in latin9 (iso-8859-15). + +============================================================================== +2. Using digraphs *digraphs-use* + +There are two methods to enter digraphs: *i_digraph* + CTRL-K {char1} {char2} or + {char1} <BS> {char2} +The first is always available; the second only when the 'digraph' option is +set. + +If a digraph with {char1}{char2} does not exist, Vim searches for a digraph +{char2}{char1}. This helps when you don't remember which character comes +first. + +Note that when you enter CTRL-K {char1}, where {char1} is a special key, Vim +enters the code for that special key. This is not a digraph. + +Once you have entered the digraph, Vim treats the character like a normal +character that occupies only one character in the file and on the screen. +Example: > + 'B' <BS> 'B' will enter the broken '|' character (166) + 'a' <BS> '>' will enter an 'a' with a circumflex (226) + CTRL-K '-' '-' will enter a soft hyphen (173) + +The current digraphs are listed with the ":digraphs" command. Some of the +default ones are listed below |digraph-table|. + +For CTRL-K, there is one general digraph: CTRL-K <Space> {char} will enter +{char} with the highest bit set. You can use this to enter meta-characters. + +The <Esc> character cannot be part of a digraph. When hitting <Esc>, Vim +stops digraph entry and ends Insert mode or Command-line mode, just like +hitting an <Esc> out of digraph context. Use CTRL-V 155 to enter meta-ESC +(CSI). + +If you accidentally typed an 'a' that should be an 'e', you will type 'a' <BS> +'e'. But that is a digraph, so you will not get what you want. To correct +this, you will have to type <BS> e again. To avoid this don't set the +'digraph' option and use CTRL-K to enter digraphs. + +You may have problems using Vim with characters which have a value above 128. +For example: You insert ue (u-umlaut) and the editor echoes \334 in Insert +mode. After leaving the Insert mode everything is fine. Note that fmt +removes all characters with a value above 128 from the text being formatted. +On some Unix systems this means you have to define the environment-variable +LC_CTYPE. If you are using csh, then put the following line in your .cshrc: > + setenv LC_CTYPE iso_8859_1 + +============================================================================== +3. Default digraphs *digraphs-default* + +Vim comes with a set of default digraphs. Check the output of ":digraphs" to +see them. + +On most systems Vim uses the same digraphs. They work for the Unicode and +ISO-8859-1 character sets. These default digraphs are taken from the RFC1345 +mnemonics. To make it easy to remember the mnemonic, the second character has +a standard meaning: + + char name char meaning ~ + Exclamation mark ! Grave + Apostrophe ' Acute accent + Greater-Than sign > Circumflex accent + Question mark ? Tilde + Hyphen-Minus - Macron + Left parenthesis ( Breve + Full stop . Dot above + Colon : Diaeresis + Comma , Cedilla + Underline _ Underline + Solidus / Stroke + Quotation mark " Double acute accent + Semicolon ; Ogonek + Less-Than sign < Caron + Zero 0 Ring above + Two 2 Hook + Nine 9 Horn + + Equals = Cyrillic + Asterisk * Greek + Percent sign % Greek/Cyrillic special + Plus + smalls: Arabic, capitals: Hebrew + Three 3 some Latin/Greek/Cyrillic letters + Four 4 Bopomofo + Five 5 Hiragana + Six 6 Katakana + +Example: a: is ä and o: is ö + +These are the RFC1345 digraphs for the one-byte characters. See the output of +":digraphs" for the others. The characters above 255 are only available when +Vim was compiled with the |+multi_byte| feature. + +EURO + +Exception: RFC1345 doesn't specify the euro sign. In Vim the digraph =e was +added for this. Note the difference between latin1, where the digraph Cu is +used for the currency sign, and latin9 (iso-8859-15), where the digraph =e is +used for the euro sign, while both of them are the character 164, 0xa4. For +compatibility with zsh Eu can also be used for the euro sign. + + *digraph-table* +char digraph hex dec official name ~ +^@ NU 0x00 0 NULL (NUL) +^A SH 0x01 1 START OF HEADING (SOH) +^B SX 0x02 2 START OF TEXT (STX) +^C EX 0x03 3 END OF TEXT (ETX) +^D ET 0x04 4 END OF TRANSMISSION (EOT) +^E EQ 0x05 5 ENQUIRY (ENQ) +^F AK 0x06 6 ACKNOWLEDGE (ACK) +^G BL 0x07 7 BELL (BEL) +^H BS 0x08 8 BACKSPACE (BS) +^I HT 0x09 9 CHARACTER TABULATION (HT) +^@ LF 0x0a 10 LINE FEED (LF) +^K VT 0x0b 11 LINE TABULATION (VT) +^L FF 0x0c 12 FORM FEED (FF) +^M CR 0x0d 13 CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) +^N SO 0x0e 14 SHIFT OUT (SO) +^O SI 0x0f 15 SHIFT IN (SI) +^P DL 0x10 16 DATALINK ESCAPE (DLE) +^Q D1 0x11 17 DEVICE CONTROL ONE (DC1) +^R D2 0x12 18 DEVICE CONTROL TWO (DC2) +^S D3 0x13 19 DEVICE CONTROL THREE (DC3) +^T D4 0x14 20 DEVICE CONTROL FOUR (DC4) +^U NK 0x15 21 NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE (NAK) +^V SY 0x16 22 SYNCHRONOUS IDLE (SYN) +^W EB 0x17 23 END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK (ETB) +^X CN 0x18 24 CANCEL (CAN) +^Y EM 0x19 25 END OF MEDIUM (EM) +^Z SB 0x1a 26 SUBSTITUTE (SUB) +^[ EC 0x1b 27 ESCAPE (ESC) +^\ FS 0x1c 28 FILE SEPARATOR (IS4) +^] GS 0x1d 29 GROUP SEPARATOR (IS3) +^^ RS 0x1e 30 RECORD SEPARATOR (IS2) +^_ US 0x1f 31 UNIT SEPARATOR (IS1) + SP 0x20 32 SPACE +# Nb 0x23 35 NUMBER SIGN +$ DO 0x24 36 DOLLAR SIGN +@ At 0x40 64 COMMERCIAL AT +[ <( 0x5b 91 LEFT SQUARE BRACKET +\ // 0x5c 92 REVERSE SOLIDUS +] )> 0x5d 93 RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET +^ '> 0x5e 94 CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT +` '! 0x60 96 GRAVE ACCENT +{ (! 0x7b 123 LEFT CURLY BRACKET +| !! 0x7c 124 VERTICAL LINE +} !) 0x7d 125 RIGHT CURLY BRACKET +~ '? 0x7e 126 TILDE +^? DT 0x7f 127 DELETE (DEL) +~@ PA 0x80 128 PADDING CHARACTER (PAD) +~A HO 0x81 129 HIGH OCTET PRESET (HOP) +~B BH 0x82 130 BREAK PERMITTED HERE (BPH) +~C NH 0x83 131 NO BREAK HERE (NBH) +~D IN 0x84 132 INDEX (IND) +~E NL 0x85 133 NEXT LINE (NEL) +~F SA 0x86 134 START OF SELECTED AREA (SSA) +~G ES 0x87 135 END OF SELECTED AREA (ESA) +~H HS 0x88 136 CHARACTER TABULATION SET (HTS) +~I HJ 0x89 137 CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION (HTJ) +~J VS 0x8a 138 LINE TABULATION SET (VTS) +~K PD 0x8b 139 PARTIAL LINE FORWARD (PLD) +~L PU 0x8c 140 PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD (PLU) +~M RI 0x8d 141 REVERSE LINE FEED (RI) +~N S2 0x8e 142 SINGLE-SHIFT TWO (SS2) +~O S3 0x8f 143 SINGLE-SHIFT THREE (SS3) +~P DC 0x90 144 DEVICE CONTROL STRING (DCS) +~Q P1 0x91 145 PRIVATE USE ONE (PU1) +~R P2 0x92 146 PRIVATE USE TWO (PU2) +~S TS 0x93 147 SET TRANSMIT STATE (STS) +~T CC 0x94 148 CANCEL CHARACTER (CCH) +~U MW 0x95 149 MESSAGE WAITING (MW) +~V SG 0x96 150 START OF GUARDED AREA (SPA) +~W EG 0x97 151 END OF GUARDED AREA (EPA) +~X SS 0x98 152 START OF STRING (SOS) +~Y GC 0x99 153 SINGLE GRAPHIC CHARACTER INTRODUCER (SGCI) +~Z SC 0x9a 154 SINGLE CHARACTER INTRODUCER (SCI) +~[ CI 0x9b 155 CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER (CSI) +~\ ST 0x9c 156 STRING TERMINATOR (ST) +~] OC 0x9d 157 OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND (OSC) +~^ PM 0x9e 158 PRIVACY MESSAGE (PM) +~_ AC 0x9f 159 APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND (APC) +| NS 0xa0 160 NO-BREAK SPACE +¡ !I 0xa1 161 INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK +¢ Ct 0xa2 162 CENT SIGN +£ Pd 0xa3 163 POUND SIGN +¤ Cu 0xa4 164 CURRENCY SIGN +¥ Ye 0xa5 165 YEN SIGN +¦ BB 0xa6 166 BROKEN BAR +§ SE 0xa7 167 SECTION SIGN +¨ ': 0xa8 168 DIAERESIS +© Co 0xa9 169 COPYRIGHT SIGN +ª -a 0xaa 170 FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR +« << 0xab 171 LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK +¬ NO 0xac 172 NOT SIGN + -- 0xad 173 SOFT HYPHEN +® Rg 0xae 174 REGISTERED SIGN +¯ 'm 0xaf 175 MACRON +° DG 0xb0 176 DEGREE SIGN +± +- 0xb1 177 PLUS-MINUS SIGN +² 2S 0xb2 178 SUPERSCRIPT TWO +³ 3S 0xb3 179 SUPERSCRIPT THREE +´ '' 0xb4 180 ACUTE ACCENT +µ My 0xb5 181 MICRO SIGN +¶ PI 0xb6 182 PILCROW SIGN +· .M 0xb7 183 MIDDLE DOT +¸ ', 0xb8 184 CEDILLA +¹ 1S 0xb9 185 SUPERSCRIPT ONE +º -o 0xba 186 MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR +» >> 0xbb 187 RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK +¼ 14 0xbc 188 VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER +½ 12 0xbd 189 VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF +¾ 34 0xbe 190 VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS +¿ ?I 0xbf 191 INVERTED QUESTION MARK +À A! 0xc0 192 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE +Á A' 0xc1 193 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE +Â A> 0xc2 194 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX +Ã A? 0xc3 195 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE +Ä A: 0xc4 196 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS +Å AA 0xc5 197 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE +Æ AE 0xc6 198 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE +Ç C, 0xc7 199 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA +È E! 0xc8 200 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE +É E' 0xc9 201 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE +Ê E> 0xca 202 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX +Ë E: 0xcb 203 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS +Ì I! 0xcc 204 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE +Í I' 0xcd 205 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE +Î I> 0xce 206 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX +Ï I: 0xcf 207 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS +Ð D- 0xd0 208 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH (Icelandic) +Ñ N? 0xd1 209 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE +Ò O! 0xd2 210 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE +Ó O' 0xd3 211 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE +Ô O> 0xd4 212 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX +Õ O? 0xd5 213 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE +Ö O: 0xd6 214 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS +× *X 0xd7 215 MULTIPLICATION SIGN +Ø O/ 0xd8 216 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE +Ù U! 0xd9 217 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE +Ú U' 0xda 218 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE +Û U> 0xdb 219 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX +Ü U: 0xdc 220 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS +Ý Y' 0xdd 221 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE +Þ TH 0xde 222 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN (Icelandic) +ß ss 0xdf 223 LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S (German) +à a! 0xe0 224 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE +á a' 0xe1 225 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE +â a> 0xe2 226 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX +ã a? 0xe3 227 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE +ä a: 0xe4 228 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS +å aa 0xe5 229 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE +æ ae 0xe6 230 LATIN SMALL LETTER AE +ç c, 0xe7 231 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA +è e! 0xe8 232 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE +é e' 0xe9 233 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE +ê e> 0xea 234 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX +ë e: 0xeb 235 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS +ì i! 0xec 236 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE +í i' 0xed 237 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE +î i> 0xee 238 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX +ï i: 0xef 239 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS +ð d- 0xf0 240 LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH (Icelandic) +ñ n? 0xf1 241 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE +ò o! 0xf2 242 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE +ó o' 0xf3 243 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE +ô o> 0xf4 244 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX +õ o? 0xf5 245 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE +ö o: 0xf6 246 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS +÷ -: 0xf7 247 DIVISION SIGN +ø o/ 0xf8 248 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE +ù u! 0xf9 249 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE +ú u' 0xfa 250 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE +û u> 0xfb 251 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX +ü u: 0xfc 252 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS +ý y' 0xfd 253 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE +þ th 0xfe 254 LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN (Icelandic) +ÿ y: 0xff 255 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS + + vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |