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diff --git a/vim73/doc/repeat.txt b/vim73/doc/repeat.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eec13c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/vim73/doc/repeat.txt @@ -0,0 +1,680 @@ +*repeat.txt* For Vim version 7.3. Last change: 2011 Jan 06 + + + VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar + + +Repeating commands, Vim scripts and debugging *repeating* + +Chapter 26 of the user manual introduces repeating |usr_26.txt|. + +1. Single repeats |single-repeat| +2. Multiple repeats |multi-repeat| +3. Complex repeats |complex-repeat| +4. Using Vim scripts |using-scripts| +5. Debugging scripts |debug-scripts| +6. Profiling |profiling| + +============================================================================== +1. Single repeats *single-repeat* + + *.* +. Repeat last change, with count replaced with [count]. + Also repeat a yank command, when the 'y' flag is + included in 'cpoptions'. Does not repeat a + command-line command. + +Simple changes can be repeated with the "." command. Without a count, the +count of the last change is used. If you enter a count, it will replace the +last one. If the last change included a specification of a numbered register, +the register number will be incremented. See |redo-register| for an example +how to use this. Note that when repeating a command that used a Visual +selection, the same SIZE of area is used, see |visual-repeat|. + + *@:* +@: Repeat last command-line [count] times. + {not available when compiled without the + |+cmdline_hist| feature} + + +============================================================================== +2. Multiple repeats *multi-repeat* + + *:g* *:global* *E147* *E148* +:[range]g[lobal]/{pattern}/[cmd] + Execute the Ex command [cmd] (default ":p") on the + lines within [range] where {pattern} matches. + +:[range]g[lobal]!/{pattern}/[cmd] + Execute the Ex command [cmd] (default ":p") on the + lines within [range] where {pattern} does NOT match. + + *:v* *:vglobal* +:[range]v[global]/{pattern}/[cmd] + Same as :g!. + +Instead of the '/' which surrounds the {pattern}, you can use any other +single byte character, but not an alphanumeric character, '\', '"' or '|'. +This is useful if you want to include a '/' in the search pattern or +replacement string. + +For the definition of a pattern, see |pattern|. + +The global commands work by first scanning through the [range] lines and +marking each line where a match occurs (for a multi-line pattern, only the +start of the match matters). +In a second scan the [cmd] is executed for each marked line with its line +number prepended. For ":v" and ":g!" the command is executed for each not +marked line. If a line is deleted its mark disappears. +The default for [range] is the whole buffer (1,$). Use "CTRL-C" to interrupt +the command. If an error message is given for a line, the command for that +line is aborted and the global command continues with the next marked or +unmarked line. + +To repeat a non-Ex command, you can use the ":normal" command: > + :g/pat/normal {commands} +Make sure that {commands} ends with a whole command, otherwise Vim will wait +for you to type the rest of the command for each match. The screen will not +have been updated, so you don't know what you are doing. See |:normal|. + +The undo/redo command will undo/redo the whole global command at once. +The previous context mark will only be set once (with "''" you go back to +where the cursor was before the global command). + +The global command sets both the last used search pattern and the last used +substitute pattern (this is vi compatible). This makes it easy to globally +replace a string: + :g/pat/s//PAT/g +This replaces all occurrences of "pat" with "PAT". The same can be done with: + :%s/pat/PAT/g +Which is two characters shorter! + +When using "global" in Ex mode, a special case is using ":visual" as a +command. This will move to a matching line, go to Normal mode to let you +execute commands there until you use |Q| to return to Ex mode. This will be +repeated for each matching line. While doing this you cannot use ":global". +To abort this type CTRL-C twice. + +============================================================================== +3. Complex repeats *complex-repeat* + + *q* *recording* +q{0-9a-zA-Z"} Record typed characters into register {0-9a-zA-Z"} + (uppercase to append). The 'q' command is disabled + while executing a register, and it doesn't work inside + a mapping and |:normal|. {Vi: no recording} + +q Stops recording. (Implementation note: The 'q' that + stops recording is not stored in the register, unless + it was the result of a mapping) {Vi: no recording} + + *@* +@{0-9a-z".=*} Execute the contents of register {0-9a-z".=*} [count] + times. Note that register '%' (name of the current + file) and '#' (name of the alternate file) cannot be + used. + The register is executed like a mapping, that means + that the difference between 'wildchar' and 'wildcharm' + applies. + For "@=" you are prompted to enter an expression. The + result of the expression is then executed. + See also |@:|. {Vi: only named registers} + + *@@* *E748* +@@ Repeat the previous @{0-9a-z":*} [count] times. + +:[addr]*{0-9a-z".=} *:@* *:star* +:[addr]@{0-9a-z".=*} Execute the contents of register {0-9a-z".=*} as an Ex + command. First set cursor at line [addr] (default is + current line). When the last line in the register does + not have a <CR> it will be added automatically when + the 'e' flag is present in 'cpoptions'. + Note that the ":*" command is only recognized when the + '*' flag is present in 'cpoptions'. This is NOT the + default when 'nocompatible' is used. + For ":@=" the last used expression is used. The + result of evaluating the expression is executed as an + Ex command. + Mappings are not recognized in these commands. + {Vi: only in some versions} Future: Will execute the + register for each line in the address range. + + *:@:* +:[addr]@: Repeat last command-line. First set cursor at line + [addr] (default is current line). {not in Vi} + + *:@@* +:[addr]@@ Repeat the previous :@{0-9a-z"}. First set cursor at + line [addr] (default is current line). {Vi: only in + some versions} + +============================================================================== +4. Using Vim scripts *using-scripts* + +For writing a Vim script, see chapter 41 of the user manual |usr_41.txt|. + + *:so* *:source* *load-vim-script* +:so[urce] {file} Read Ex commands from {file}. These are commands that + start with a ":". + Triggers the |SourcePre| autocommand. + +:so[urce]! {file} Read Vim commands from {file}. These are commands + that are executed from Normal mode, like you type + them. + When used after |:global|, |:argdo|, |:windo|, + |:bufdo|, in a loop or when another command follows + the display won't be updated while executing the + commands. + {not in Vi} + + *:ru* *:runtime* +:ru[ntime][!] {file} .. + Read Ex commands from {file} in each directory given + by 'runtimepath'. There is no error for non-existing + files. Example: > + :runtime syntax/c.vim + +< There can be multiple {file} arguments, separated by + spaces. Each {file} is searched for in the first + directory from 'runtimepath', then in the second + directory, etc. Use a backslash to include a space + inside {file} (although it's better not to use spaces + in file names, it causes trouble). + + When [!] is included, all found files are sourced. + When it is not included only the first found file is + sourced. + + When {file} contains wildcards it is expanded to all + matching files. Example: > + :runtime! plugin/*.vim +< This is what Vim uses to load the plugin files when + starting up. This similar command: > + :runtime plugin/*.vim +< would source the first file only. + + When 'verbose' is one or higher, there is a message + when no file could be found. + When 'verbose' is two or higher, there is a message + about each searched file. + {not in Vi} + +:scripte[ncoding] [encoding] *:scripte* *:scriptencoding* *E167* + Specify the character encoding used in the script. + The following lines will be converted from [encoding] + to the value of the 'encoding' option, if they are + different. Examples: > + scriptencoding iso-8859-5 + scriptencoding cp932 +< + When [encoding] is empty, no conversion is done. This + can be used to restrict conversion to a sequence of + lines: > + scriptencoding euc-jp + ... lines to be converted ... + scriptencoding + ... not converted ... + +< When conversion isn't supported by the system, there + is no error message and no conversion is done. + + Don't use "ucs-2" or "ucs-4", scripts cannot be in + these encodings (they would contain NUL bytes). + When a sourced script starts with a BOM (Byte Order + Mark) in utf-8 format Vim will recognize it, no need + to use ":scriptencoding utf-8" then. + + When compiled without the |+multi_byte| feature this + command is ignored. + {not in Vi} + + *:scrip* *:scriptnames* +:scrip[tnames] List all sourced script names, in the order they were + first sourced. The number is used for the script ID + |<SID>|. + {not in Vi} {not available when compiled without the + |+eval| feature} + + *:fini* *:finish* *E168* +:fini[sh] Stop sourcing a script. Can only be used in a Vim + script file. This is a quick way to skip the rest of + the file. If it is used after a |:try| but before the + matching |:finally| (if present), the commands + following the ":finally" up to the matching |:endtry| + are executed first. This process applies to all + nested ":try"s in the script. The outermost ":endtry" + then stops sourcing the script. {not in Vi} + +All commands and command sequences can be repeated by putting them in a named +register and then executing it. There are two ways to get the commands in the +register: +- Use the record command "q". You type the commands once, and while they are + being executed they are stored in a register. Easy, because you can see + what you are doing. If you make a mistake, "p"ut the register into the + file, edit the command sequence, and then delete it into the register + again. You can continue recording by appending to the register (use an + uppercase letter). +- Delete or yank the command sequence into the register. + +Often used command sequences can be put under a function key with the ':map' +command. + +An alternative is to put the commands in a file, and execute them with the +':source!' command. Useful for long command sequences. Can be combined with +the ':map' command to put complicated commands under a function key. + +The ':source' command reads Ex commands from a file line by line. You will +have to type any needed keyboard input. The ':source!' command reads from a +script file character by character, interpreting each character as if you +typed it. + +Example: When you give the ":!ls" command you get the |hit-enter| prompt. If +you ':source' a file with the line "!ls" in it, you will have to type the +<Enter> yourself. But if you ':source!' a file with the line ":!ls" in it, +the next characters from that file are read until a <CR> is found. You will +not have to type <CR> yourself, unless ":!ls" was the last line in the file. + +It is possible to put ':source[!]' commands in the script file, so you can +make a top-down hierarchy of script files. The ':source' command can be +nested as deep as the number of files that can be opened at one time (about +15). The ':source!' command can be nested up to 15 levels deep. + +You can use the "<sfile>" string (literally, this is not a special key) inside +of the sourced file, in places where a file name is expected. It will be +replaced by the file name of the sourced file. For example, if you have a +"other.vimrc" file in the same directory as your ".vimrc" file, you can source +it from your ".vimrc" file with this command: > + :source <sfile>:h/other.vimrc + +In script files terminal-dependent key codes are represented by +terminal-independent two character codes. This means that they can be used +in the same way on different kinds of terminals. The first character of a +key code is 0x80 or 128, shown on the screen as "~@". The second one can be +found in the list |key-notation|. Any of these codes can also be entered +with CTRL-V followed by the three digit decimal code. This does NOT work for +the <t_xx> termcap codes, these can only be used in mappings. + + *:source_crnl* *W15* +MS-DOS, Win32 and OS/2: Files that are read with ":source" normally have +<CR><NL> <EOL>s. These always work. If you are using a file with <NL> <EOL>s +(for example, a file made on Unix), this will be recognized if 'fileformats' +is not empty and the first line does not end in a <CR>. This fails if the +first line has something like ":map <F1> :help^M", where "^M" is a <CR>. If +the first line ends in a <CR>, but following ones don't, you will get an error +message, because the <CR> from the first lines will be lost. + +Mac Classic: Files that are read with ":source" normally have <CR> <EOL>s. +These always work. If you are using a file with <NL> <EOL>s (for example, a +file made on Unix), this will be recognized if 'fileformats' is not empty and +the first line does not end in a <CR>. Be careful not to use a file with <NL> +linebreaks which has a <CR> in first line. + +On other systems, Vim expects ":source"ed files to end in a <NL>. These +always work. If you are using a file with <CR><NL> <EOL>s (for example, a +file made on MS-DOS), all lines will have a trailing <CR>. This may cause +problems for some commands (e.g., mappings). There is no automatic <EOL> +detection, because it's common to start with a line that defines a mapping +that ends in a <CR>, which will confuse the automaton. + + *line-continuation* +Long lines in a ":source"d Ex command script file can be split by inserting +a line continuation symbol "\" (backslash) at the start of the next line. +There can be white space before the backslash, which is ignored. + +Example: the lines > + :set comments=sr:/*,mb:*,el:*/, + \://, + \b:#, + \:%, + \n:>, + \fb:- +are interpreted as if they were given in one line: + :set comments=sr:/*,mb:*,el:*/,://,b:#,:%,n:>,fb:- + +All leading whitespace characters in the line before a backslash are ignored. +Note however that trailing whitespace in the line before it cannot be +inserted freely; it depends on the position where a command is split up +whether additional whitespace is allowed or not. + +When a space is required it's best to put it right after the backslash. A +space at the end of a line is hard to see and may be accidentally deleted. > + :syn match Comment + \ "very long regexp" + \ keepend + +There is a problem with the ":append" and ":insert" commands: > + :1append + \asdf + . +The backslash is seen as a line-continuation symbol, thus this results in the +command: > + :1appendasdf + . +To avoid this, add the 'C' flag to the 'cpoptions' option: > + :set cpo+=C + :1append + \asdf + . + :set cpo-=C + +Note that when the commands are inside a function, you need to add the 'C' +flag when defining the function, it is not relevant when executing it. > + :set cpo+=C + :function Foo() + :1append + \asdf + . + :endfunction + :set cpo-=C + +Rationale: + Most programs work with a trailing backslash to indicate line + continuation. Using this in Vim would cause incompatibility with Vi. + For example for this Vi mapping: > + :map xx asdf\ +< Therefore the unusual leading backslash is used. + +============================================================================== +5. Debugging scripts *debug-scripts* + +Besides the obvious messages that you can add to your scripts to find out what +they are doing, Vim offers a debug mode. This allows you to step through a +sourced file or user function and set breakpoints. + +NOTE: The debugging mode is far from perfect. Debugging will have side +effects on how Vim works. You cannot use it to debug everything. For +example, the display is messed up by the debugging messages. +{Vi does not have a debug mode} + +An alternative to debug mode is setting the 'verbose' option. With a bigger +number it will give more verbose messages about what Vim is doing. + + +STARTING DEBUG MODE *debug-mode* + +To enter debugging mode use one of these methods: +1. Start Vim with the |-D| argument: > + vim -D file.txt +< Debugging will start as soon as the first vimrc file is sourced. This is + useful to find out what is happening when Vim is starting up. A side + effect is that Vim will switch the terminal mode before initialisations + have finished, with unpredictable results. + For a GUI-only version (Windows, Macintosh) the debugging will start as + soon as the GUI window has been opened. To make this happen early, add a + ":gui" command in the vimrc file. + *:debug* +2. Run a command with ":debug" prepended. Debugging will only be done while + this command executes. Useful for debugging a specific script or user + function. And for scripts and functions used by autocommands. Example: > + :debug edit test.txt.gz + +3. Set a breakpoint in a sourced file or user function. You could do this in + the command line: > + vim -c "breakadd file */explorer.vim" . +< This will run Vim and stop in the first line of the "explorer.vim" script. + Breakpoints can also be set while in debugging mode. + +In debugging mode every executed command is displayed before it is executed. +Comment lines, empty lines and lines that are not executed are skipped. When +a line contains two commands, separated by "|", each command will be displayed +separately. + + +DEBUG MODE + +Once in debugging mode, the usual Ex commands can be used. For example, to +inspect the value of a variable: > + echo idx +When inside a user function, this will print the value of the local variable +"idx". Prepend "g:" to get the value of a global variable: > + echo g:idx +All commands are executed in the context of the current function or script. +You can also set options, for example setting or resetting 'verbose' will show +what happens, but you might want to set it just before executing the lines you +are interested in: > + :set verbose=20 + +Commands that require updating the screen should be avoided, because their +effect won't be noticed until after leaving debug mode. For example: > + :help +won't be very helpful. + +There is a separate command-line history for debug mode. + +The line number for a function line is relative to the start of the function. +If you have trouble figuring out where you are, edit the file that defines +the function in another Vim, search for the start of the function and do +"99j". Replace "99" with the line number. + +Additionally, these commands can be used: + *>cont* + cont Continue execution until the next breakpoint is hit. + *>quit* + quit Abort execution. This is like using CTRL-C, some + things might still be executed, doesn't abort + everything. Still stops at the next breakpoint. + *>next* + next Execute the command and come back to debug mode when + it's finished. This steps over user function calls + and sourced files. + *>step* + step Execute the command and come back to debug mode for + the next command. This steps into called user + functions and sourced files. + *>interrupt* + interrupt This is like using CTRL-C, but unlike ">quit" comes + back to debug mode for the next command that is + executed. Useful for testing |:finally| and |:catch| + on interrupt exceptions. + *>finish* + finish Finish the current script or user function and come + back to debug mode for the command after the one that + sourced or called it. + +About the additional commands in debug mode: +- There is no command-line completion for them, you get the completion for the + normal Ex commands only. +- You can shorten them, up to a single character: "c", "n", "s" and "f". +- Hitting <CR> will repeat the previous one. When doing another command, this + is reset (because it's not clear what you want to repeat). +- When you want to use the Ex command with the same name, prepend a colon: + ":cont", ":next", ":finish" (or shorter). + + +DEFINING BREAKPOINTS + *:breaka* *:breakadd* +:breaka[dd] func [lnum] {name} + Set a breakpoint in a function. Example: > + :breakadd func Explore +< Doesn't check for a valid function name, thus the breakpoint + can be set before the function is defined. + +:breaka[dd] file [lnum] {name} + Set a breakpoint in a sourced file. Example: > + :breakadd file 43 .vimrc + +:breaka[dd] here + Set a breakpoint in the current line of the current file. + Like doing: > + :breakadd file <cursor-line> <current-file> +< Note that this only works for commands that are executed when + sourcing the file, not for a function defined in that file. + +The [lnum] is the line number of the breakpoint. Vim will stop at or after +this line. When omitted line 1 is used. + + *:debug-name* +{name} is a pattern that is matched with the file or function name. The +pattern is like what is used for autocommands. There must be a full match (as +if the pattern starts with "^" and ends in "$"). A "*" matches any sequence +of characters. 'ignorecase' is not used, but "\c" can be used in the pattern +to ignore case |/\c|. Don't include the () for the function name! + +The match for sourced scripts is done against the full file name. If no path +is specified the current directory is used. Examples: > + breakadd file explorer.vim +matches "explorer.vim" in the current directory. > + breakadd file *explorer.vim +matches ".../plugin/explorer.vim", ".../plugin/iexplorer.vim", etc. > + breakadd file */explorer.vim +matches ".../plugin/explorer.vim" and "explorer.vim" in any other directory. + +The match for functions is done against the name as it's shown in the output +of ":function". For local functions this means that something like "<SNR>99_" +is prepended. + +Note that functions are first loaded and later executed. When they are loaded +the "file" breakpoints are checked, when they are executed the "func" +breakpoints. + + +DELETING BREAKPOINTS + *:breakd* *:breakdel* *E161* +:breakd[el] {nr} + Delete breakpoint {nr}. Use |:breaklist| to see the number of + each breakpoint. + +:breakd[el] * + Delete all breakpoints. + +:breakd[el] func [lnum] {name} + Delete a breakpoint in a function. + +:breakd[el] file [lnum] {name} + Delete a breakpoint in a sourced file. + +:breakd[el] here + Delete a breakpoint at the current line of the current file. + +When [lnum] is omitted, the first breakpoint in the function or file is +deleted. +The {name} must be exactly the same as what was typed for the ":breakadd" +command. "explorer", "*explorer.vim" and "*explorer*" are different. + + +LISTING BREAKPOINTS + *:breakl* *:breaklist* +:breakl[ist] + List all breakpoints. + + +OBSCURE + + *:debugg* *:debuggreedy* +:debugg[reedy] + Read debug mode commands from the normal input stream, instead + of getting them directly from the user. Only useful for test + scripts. Example: > + echo 'q^Mq' | vim -e -s -c debuggreedy -c 'breakadd file script.vim' -S script.vim + +:0debugg[reedy] + Undo ":debuggreedy": get debug mode commands directly from the + user, don't use typeahead for debug commands. + +============================================================================== +6. Profiling *profile* *profiling* + +Profiling means that Vim measures the time that is spent on executing +functions and/or scripts. The |+profile| feature is required for this. +It is only included when Vim was compiled with "huge" features. +{Vi does not have profiling} + +You can also use the |reltime()| function to measure time. This only requires +the |+reltime| feature, which is present more often. + +:prof[ile] start {fname} *:prof* *:profile* *E750* + Start profiling, write the output in {fname} upon exit. + If {fname} already exists it will be silently overwritten. + The variable |v:profiling| is set to one. + +:prof[ile] pause + Don't profile until the following ":profile continue". Can be + used when doing something that should not be counted (e.g., an + external command). Does not nest. + +:prof[ile] continue + Continue profiling after ":profile pause". + +:prof[ile] func {pattern} + Profile function that matches the pattern {pattern}. + See |:debug-name| for how {pattern} is used. + +:prof[ile][!] file {pattern} + Profile script file that matches the pattern {pattern}. + See |:debug-name| for how {pattern} is used. + This only profiles the script itself, not the functions + defined in it. + When the [!] is added then all functions defined in the script + will also be profiled. But only if the script is loaded after + this command. + + +:profd[el] ... *:profd* *:profdel* + Stop profiling for the arguments specified. See |:breakdel| + for the arguments. + + +You must always start with a ":profile start fname" command. The resulting +file is written when Vim exits. Here is an example of the output, with line +numbers prepended for the explanation: + + 1 FUNCTION Test2() ~ + 2 Called 1 time ~ + 3 Total time: 0.155251 ~ + 4 Self time: 0.002006 ~ + 5 ~ + 6 count total (s) self (s) ~ + 7 9 0.000096 for i in range(8) ~ + 8 8 0.153655 0.000410 call Test3() ~ + 9 8 0.000070 endfor ~ + 10 " Ask a question ~ + 11 1 0.001341 echo input("give me an answer: ") ~ + +The header (lines 1-4) gives the time for the whole function. The "Total" +time is the time passed while the function was executing. The "Self" time is +the "Total" time reduced by time spent in: +- other user defined functions +- sourced scripts +- executed autocommands +- external (shell) commands + +Lines 7-11 show the time spent in each executed line. Lines that are not +executed do not count. Thus a comment line is never counted. + +The Count column shows how many times a line was executed. Note that the +"for" command in line 7 is executed one more time as the following lines. +That is because the line is also executed to detect the end of the loop. + +The time Vim spends waiting for user input isn't counted at all. Thus how +long you take to respond to the input() prompt is irrelevant. + +Profiling should give a good indication of where time is spent, but keep in +mind there are various things that may clobber the results: + +- The accuracy of the time measured depends on the gettimeofday() system + function. It may only be as accurate as 1/100 second, even though the times + are displayed in micro seconds. + +- Real elapsed time is measured, if other processes are busy they may cause + delays at unpredictable moments. You may want to run the profiling several + times and use the lowest results. + +- If you have several commands in one line you only get one time. Split the + line to see the time for the individual commands. + +- The time of the lines added up is mostly less than the time of the whole + function. There is some overhead in between. + +- Functions that are deleted before Vim exits will not produce profiling + information. You can check the |v:profiling| variable if needed: > + :if !v:profiling + : delfunc MyFunc + :endif +< +- Profiling may give weird results on multi-processor systems, when sleep + mode kicks in or the processor frequency is reduced to save power. + +- The "self" time is wrong when a function is used recursively. + + + vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |