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#
# Copyright 2011 Facebook
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
# a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
"""Utilities for working with multiple processes."""
import errno
import logging
import os
import sys
import time
from binascii import hexlify
from tornado import ioloop
try:
import multiprocessing # Python 2.6+
except ImportError:
multiprocessing = None
def cpu_count():
"""Returns the number of processors on this machine."""
if multiprocessing is not None:
try:
return multiprocessing.cpu_count()
except NotImplementedError:
pass
try:
return os.sysconf("SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF")
except ValueError:
pass
logging.error("Could not detect number of processors; assuming 1")
return 1
def _reseed_random():
if 'random' not in sys.modules:
return
import random
# If os.urandom is available, this method does the same thing as
# random.seed (at least as of python 2.6). If os.urandom is not
# available, we mix in the pid in addition to a timestamp.
try:
seed = long(hexlify(os.urandom(16)), 16)
except NotImplementedError:
seed = int(time.time() * 1000) ^ os.getpid()
random.seed(seed)
_task_id = None
def fork_processes(num_processes, max_restarts=100):
"""Starts multiple worker processes.
If ``num_processes`` is None or <= 0, we detect the number of cores
available on this machine and fork that number of child
processes. If ``num_processes`` is given and > 0, we fork that
specific number of sub-processes.
Since we use processes and not threads, there is no shared memory
between any server code.
Note that multiple processes are not compatible with the autoreload
module (or the debug=True option to `tornado.web.Application`).
When using multiple processes, no IOLoops can be created or
referenced until after the call to ``fork_processes``.
In each child process, ``fork_processes`` returns its *task id*, a
number between 0 and ``num_processes``. Processes that exit
abnormally (due to a signal or non-zero exit status) are restarted
with the same id (up to ``max_restarts`` times). In the parent
process, ``fork_processes`` returns None if all child processes
have exited normally, but will otherwise only exit by throwing an
exception.
"""
global _task_id
assert _task_id is None
if num_processes is None or num_processes <= 0:
num_processes = cpu_count()
if ioloop.IOLoop.initialized():
raise RuntimeError("Cannot run in multiple processes: IOLoop instance "
"has already been initialized. You cannot call "
"IOLoop.instance() before calling start_processes()")
logging.info("Starting %d processes", num_processes)
children = {}
def start_child(i):
pid = os.fork()
if pid == 0:
# child process
_reseed_random()
global _task_id
_task_id = i
return i
else:
children[pid] = i
return None
for i in range(num_processes):
id = start_child(i)
if id is not None: return id
num_restarts = 0
while children:
try:
pid, status = os.wait()
except OSError, e:
if e.errno == errno.EINTR:
continue
raise
if pid not in children:
continue
id = children.pop(pid)
if os.WIFSIGNALED(status):
logging.warning("child %d (pid %d) killed by signal %d, restarting",
id, pid, os.WTERMSIG(status))
elif os.WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0:
logging.warning("child %d (pid %d) exited with status %d, restarting",
id, pid, os.WEXITSTATUS(status))
else:
logging.info("child %d (pid %d) exited normally", id, pid)
continue
num_restarts += 1
if num_restarts > max_restarts:
raise RuntimeError("Too many child restarts, giving up")
new_id = start_child(id)
if new_id is not None: return new_id
# All child processes exited cleanly, so exit the master process
# instead of just returning to right after the call to
# fork_processes (which will probably just start up another IOLoop
# unless the caller checks the return value).
sys.exit(0)
def task_id():
"""Returns the current task id, if any.
Returns None if this process was not created by `fork_processes`.
"""
global _task_id
return _task_id
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